CN104823703A - Culture method for pleurotus nebrodensis - Google Patents
Culture method for pleurotus nebrodensis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a culture method for pleurotus nebrodensis. The culture method comprises the following steps: culture material preparation, bagging, sterilization, inoculation, spore germination, post-ripening management, fruiting management, and harvesting and packaging. The culture method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process, low cost, availability of spare room for production, fast spore germination, high biological transformation efficiency, tidy fruiting, high economic benefits, etc., and solves the problems like unstable yield and quality in the production of artificial culture.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mushroom cultivation field, be specifically related to a kind of Pleurotus nebrodensis cultivating process.
Background technology
Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel, also known as Pleurotus nebrodensis, belongs to Basidiomycetes Agaricales Pleurotaceae Pleurotus, is that one of cultivation mushroom is mainly treasured by China.Its mushroom body hypertrophy is pure white, and delicious flavour is tender and crisp good to eat, and nutritious.Be rich in the multiple beneficial such as the necessary amino acid of human body, vitamin in Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel in the mineral element of health, and containing protein, fat, raw fiber, carbohydrate, ash grades, and is a kind of natural health care of preciousness.In addition, Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel has the functions such as long-pending, the desinsection of disappearing, removing toxic substances, can regulate human body physiological equilibrium, and strengthen immune function of human body, have very high medical value, product at home and abroad market is in very great demand, is the Rare edible fungus class at present with development prospect.
Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel is not harsh to the requirement of nutrition, and the general biologicak efficiency of common composts or fertilisers of cultivating is only 40%-60%, and easily occur that mushroom is slow, the second damp mushroom is little, and mushroom type is also poor, although or long large of mushroom, but problems such as poor quality.Low cost high yield culture material formula is that Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel production practices need one of subject matter solved always; The culture technique cotton seed hulls of Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel is as training training material in addition, and because cotton seed hulls has certain gossypol composition, and crude fiber content is high, and the bacterium chaff after Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel of gathering can not make feed, can not make fertilizer again, all be abandoned, and can cause environmental pollution.
But in general, solving, biologicak efficiency is relatively low or cultivation cycle is long, mushroom type or quality are difficult to the technological difficulties such as guarantee, easily diseases prevention still need to be improved constantly, and therefore, developing a kind of efficient Pleurotus nebrodensis cultivating process is the problem that the art personnel need solution badly.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, for the shortcoming that above prior art exists, a kind of Pleurotus nebrodensis cultivating process is proposed, this cultivation method technique is simple, cost is low, idle room can be utilized to produce, send out bacterium fast, biological transformation ratio is high, and fruiting is neat, the advantages such as economic benefit is high, solve during artificial cultivation is produced the problems such as the Yield and quality instability existed.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves above technical problem is:
A kind of Pleurotus nebrodensis cultivating process, the concrete steps of this cultivation method are as follows:
(1) composts or fertilisers of cultivating preparation
Composts or fertilisers of cultivating is mixed by weight 1.1:1:1 by A, B, C three components;
Wherein, component A is as follows by weight: cotton seed hull: 62-65 part, corncob: 23-25 part, wheat bran: 8-10 part, superphosphate: 1-2 part, lime stone: 3-5 part, ammonium nitrate: 3-5 part, copper sulphate: 0.1-0.3 part;
B component is as follows by weight: crushing maize straw: 70-75 part, iblet: 18-20 part; Urea: 1-3 part, gypsum: 2-3 part, lime stone: 2-3 part, manganese sulphate: 0.1-0.3 part;
Component C is as follows by weight: wood chip: 65-70 part, corncob: 20-25 part, Gai Mei phosphorus composite fertilizer: 3-5 part, lime: 1-3 part, potassium nitrate: 2-4 part;
Each component of composts or fertilisers of cultivating is prepared by formula rate, first each for composts or fertilisers of cultivating component is added water and fully mix, then the pH of compound is transferred to 8-9, mixture moisture content controls at 60-65%, and piled in echelon by the compound prepared, wide is 1-1.4m, height is 1.2-1.5m, and length is not limit, and gets through pore after heap is good, bank up 48-72h, first time turning is carried out, whole fermentation process 7d, turning 2-3 time altogether when heap central temperature reaches 65-70 DEG C, the material fermented is not brown, sticky, immortal, without tart flavour;
(2) pack
Cultivation bag is made up of the high density polyethylene (HDPE) of thickness 0.04-0.06cm or polypropylene film, wide 15-17cm, long 35cm, before pack, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating fermented is carried out water transfer, make its moisture remain on 60%, pH and remain on 7.5-8.5, first sack one end is tied during pack, composts or fertilisers of cultivating is evenly loaded in bag, every packed composts or fertilisers of cultivating 0.8-1kg;
(3) sterilizing
After installing bag, normal-pressure sterilization 10-15h at 100 DEG C, and then a vexed night, treat near less than 30 DEG C of temperature in bag, take the dish out of the pot;
(4) inoculate
Use at transfer room and use formaldehyde fumigation 24h the last week, 10-15ml/m3, utilize indoor inoculation case to inoculate, first the pocket being cooled to less than 30 DEG C, inoculating appliance, the article such as alcolhol burner put into inoculating hood together, open ultra violet lamp 30min, or fumigate by aerosol disinfection box, then start inoculation, inoculation will in strict accordance with sterile working regulations, employing two is inoculated, bacterium block is advisable with broad bean size, after one case has been inoculated, will transport in time and send out the stacking of bacterium field;
(5) bacterium is sent out
Send out bacterium will send out bacterium room the last week and clean up, and with formaldehyde or the sterilization of aerosol disinfection box, then the bacterium bag one inoculated is arranged 6 layers of code good, sterilization in later every 10 days is once, inoculate latter 10 days and carry out first time turning, check and send out bacterium situation, bacteria developing period temperature is 22-27 DEG C, and air humidity controls at 70-80%, frequent ventilation, keep air fresh, also want lucifuge to send out bacterium simultaneously, generally can cover with bag through 30-35d mycelia;
(6) after-ripening management
After Pleurotus nebrodensis filament length purseful, can not fruiting immediately, must at temperature 20-25 DEG C, cultivate again under the environment of humidity 70-75% and carry out after-ripening management in 30-40 days, make mycelia in vain dense, bacterium bag consolidation, thus preserve enough nutrients and reach physiological ripening, do not open pocket between after ripening culture period, and stimulate bacterium bag with scattered light;
(7) management of producing mushroom
Select the bacterium bag of mycelia physiological ripening, be disposed across on mushroom room frame with " back-to-back " form, 1 layer left, 1 layer stacks to the right, then vinyl cover and the collar is pulled out, remove old bacterium block with the mycelium stimulation rake through 75% alcohol disinfecting, sack remains unchanged, and being regulated by low temperature, alternating temperature, high light, ventilation etc. stimulates the former base of induction to be formed;
A. flower bud is urged in temperature, light stimulus
After entering mushroom room, keep daytime 15 DEG C, 6 DEG C of condition Cryogenic Temperature Swings stimulations at night, meanwhile, keep indoor air relative humidity 85-95%, gas concentration lwevel≤0.22%, 600-800lx scattered light Continuous irradiation 8h;
B. flower bud is dredged
When former base grows to 0.5-1cm, above charge level, 1cm slices off plastic bag mouth, when former base grows to 1-2cm, uses thin flower bud according to " first weak stay strong " principle, and every bag retains 1-2 healthy and strong mushroom flower bud;
C. epidemic disaster regulation and control
After thin flower bud is terminated, indoor maintenance temperature 12-14 DEG C, relative air humidity 90-95 DEG C, gas concentration lwevel 0.25-0.3% environmental condition impel mushroom flower bud to increase thick elongation;
D. air
Every 6h ventilation 10min during fruiting, keep gas concentration lwevel≤0.3%, if deficiency in draught, easily occur misshapen mushroom, long pin mushroom;
(8) gather and packaging
Gather when cap is open and flat, edge is involute, spore not yet launches, press bacterium bag on the other hand, one holds cap breaks down mushroom, accomplish gently to adopt, gently take, with light packs, reduce mechanical collision and damage, eliminate impurity residual on mushroom body in time after gathering, with white soft paper wrapper after low temperature precooling 2-3h.
The technical scheme that the present invention limits further is:
In aforementioned Pleurotus nebrodensis cultivating process, scattered light condition is natural daylight, and the intensity size of light is at 150-650lx.
In aforementioned Pleurotus nebrodensis cultivating process, in after-ripening management, to ensure that room air is fresh, gas concentration lwevel≤0.25%.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) the present invention successfully solves during artificial cultivation is produced the problems such as the Yield and quality instability existed, and planting technique of the present invention is simple simultaneously, cost is low, idle room can be utilized to produce, and rural area, city can be carried out.
(2) under temperature, humidity and illumination condition in the present invention, bacterial strain silk is sprouted fast, robust growth, and former base is evenly neat, and fruit body growing way is neat, and robust growth, biological efficiency is high.
(3) instead of cotton seed hulls in the present invention as training training material, solve the problem of cotton seed hulls to environment; Simultaneously with the addition of organic nitrogen source potassium nitrate in the present invention and ammonium nitrate has certain facilitation to mycelial growth.
(4) the lark mushroom quality that the lamp adopted in the present invention is produced is closely knit, and hardness is large, good toughness, good mushroom type, and water content is reasonable, resistance to accumulating.
(5) the present invention develops the alternate resources of cultivation Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel composts or fertilisers of cultivating, reduces Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel production cost, strengthens recycling of agricultural production waste material, and protection of the environment and promotion Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel industry further develop.
(6) be added with the growth that mineral element copper and manganese can promote Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel in the present invention, add the biological efficiency that copper manganese element can improve Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel, the volume increase for Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel provides a new approach.
(7) the composite composts or fertilisers of cultivating cultivation Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel adopted in the present invention has sends out bacterium soon, the advantages such as biological transformation ratio is high, and fruiting is neat, and economic benefit is high.
Embodiment
embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides a kind of Pleurotus nebrodensis cultivating process, and the concrete steps of this cultivation method are as follows:
(1) composts or fertilisers of cultivating preparation
Composts or fertilisers of cultivating is mixed by weight 1.1:1:1 by A, B, C three components;
Wherein, component A is as follows by weight: cotton seed hull: 62 parts, corncob: 24 parts, wheat bran: 9 parts, superphosphate: 1.8 parts, lime stone: 5 parts, ammonium nitrate: 4.5 parts, copper sulphate: 0.62 part;
B component is as follows by weight: crushing maize straw: 70 parts, iblet: 18 parts; Urea: 3 parts, gypsum: 3 parts, lime stone: 3 parts, manganese sulphate: 0.2 part;
Component C is as follows by weight: wood chip: 65 parts, corncob: 24 parts, Gai Mei phosphorus composite fertilizer: 5 parts, lime: 1.2 parts, potassium nitrate: 2 parts;
Each component of composts or fertilisers of cultivating is prepared by formula rate, first each for composts or fertilisers of cultivating component is added water and fully mix, then the pH of compound is transferred to 9, mixture moisture content controls 62%, and piled in echelon by the compound prepared, wide is 1.4m, high 1.5m, length is not limit, and gets through pore after heap is good, bank up 48h, first time turning is carried out, whole fermentation process 7d, turning 3 times altogether when heap central temperature reaches 65 DEG C, the material fermented is not brown, sticky, immortal, without tart flavour;
(2) pack
Cultivation bag is made up of the high density polyethylene (HDPE) of thickness 0.05cm or polypropylene film, wide 16cm, long 35cm, before pack, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating fermented is carried out water transfer, make its moisture remain on 60%, pH and remain on 7.5, first sack one end is tied during pack, composts or fertilisers of cultivating is evenly loaded in bag, every packed composts or fertilisers of cultivating 0.9kg;
(3) sterilizing
After installing bag, normal-pressure sterilization 12h at 100 DEG C, and then a vexed night, treat near less than 30 DEG C of temperature in bag, take the dish out of the pot;
(4) inoculate
Use at transfer room and use formaldehyde fumigation 24h the last week, 13ml/m3, utilize indoor inoculation case to inoculate, first the pocket being cooled to less than 30 DEG C, inoculating appliance, the article such as alcolhol burner put into inoculating hood together, open ultra violet lamp 30min, or fumigate by aerosol disinfection box, then start inoculation, inoculation will in strict accordance with sterile working regulations, employing two is inoculated, bacterium block is advisable with broad bean size, after one case has been inoculated, will transport in time and send out the stacking of bacterium field;
(5) bacterium is sent out
Send out bacterium will send out bacterium room the last week and clean up, and with formaldehyde or the sterilization of aerosol disinfection box, then the bacterium bag one inoculated is arranged 6 layers of code good, sterilization in later every 10 days is once, inoculate latter 10 days and carry out first time turning, check and send out bacterium situation, bacteria developing period temperature is 27 DEG C, and air humidity controls 80%, frequent ventilation, keep air fresh, also want lucifuge to send out bacterium simultaneously, generally can cover with bag through 33d mycelia;
(6) after-ripening management
After Pleurotus nebrodensis filament length purseful, can not fruiting immediately, must temperature 25 DEG C, cultivate again under the environment of humidity 75% and carry out after-ripening management in 30 days, make mycelia in vain dense, bacterium bag consolidation, thus preserve enough nutrients and reach physiological ripening, do not open pocket between after ripening culture period, and stimulate bacterium bag with scattered light;
Scattered light condition is natural daylight, and the intensity size of light, at 400lx, will ensure that room air is fresh, gas concentration lwevel≤0.25% in after-ripening management;
(7) management of producing mushroom
Select the bacterium bag of mycelia physiological ripening, be disposed across on mushroom room frame with " back-to-back " form, 1 layer left, 1 layer stacks to the right, then vinyl cover and the collar is pulled out, remove old bacterium block with the mycelium stimulation rake through 75% alcohol disinfecting, sack remains unchanged, and being regulated by low temperature, alternating temperature, high light, ventilation etc. stimulates the former base of induction to be formed;
A. flower bud is urged in temperature, light stimulus
After entering mushroom room, keep daytime 15 DEG C, 6 DEG C of condition Cryogenic Temperature Swings stimulations at night, meanwhile, keep indoor air relative humidity 95%, gas concentration lwevel≤0.22%, 800lx scattered light Continuous irradiation 8h;
B. flower bud is dredged
When former base grows to 0.7cm, above charge level, 1cm slices off plastic bag mouth, when former base grows to 2cm, uses thin flower bud according to " first weak stay strong " principle, and every bag retains 1 healthy and strong mushroom flower bud;
C. epidemic disaster regulation and control
After thin flower bud is terminated, indoor maintenance temperature 12 DEG C, relative air humidity 95 DEG C, gas concentration lwevel 0.3% environmental condition impel mushroom flower bud to increase thick elongation;
D. air
Every 6h ventilation 10min during fruiting, keep gas concentration lwevel≤0.3%, if deficiency in draught, easily occur misshapen mushroom, long pin mushroom;
(8) gather and packaging
Gather when cap is open and flat, edge is involute, spore not yet launches, press bacterium bag on the other hand, one holds cap breaks down mushroom, accomplish gently to adopt, gently take, with light packs, reduce mechanical collision and damage, eliminate impurity residual on mushroom body in time after gathering, with white soft paper wrapper after low temperature precooling 2-3h.
embodiment 2
The present embodiment provides a kind of Pleurotus nebrodensis cultivating process, and the concrete steps of this cultivation method are as follows:
(1) composts or fertilisers of cultivating preparation
Composts or fertilisers of cultivating is mixed by weight 1.1:1:1 by A, B, C three components;
Wherein, component A is as follows by weight: cotton seed hull: 65 parts, corncob: 25 parts, wheat bran: 8 parts, superphosphate: 2, lime stone: 5 parts, ammonium nitrate: 3.6 parts, copper sulphate: 0.3 part;
B component is as follows by weight: crushing maize straw: 74 parts, iblet: 19 parts; Urea: 1 part, gypsum: 2 parts, lime stone: 2.9 parts, manganese sulphate: 0.1 part;
Component C is as follows by weight: wood chip: 70 parts, corncob: 20 parts, Gai Mei phosphorus composite fertilizer: 3 parts, lime: 3 parts, potassium nitrate: 3 parts;
Each component of composts or fertilisers of cultivating is prepared by formula rate, first each for composts or fertilisers of cultivating component is added water and fully mix, then the pH of compound is transferred to 8, mixture moisture content controls 65%, and piled in echelon by the compound prepared, wide is 1m, height is 1.2m, and length is not limit, and gets through pore after heap is good, bank up 72h, first time turning is carried out, whole fermentation process 7d, turning 2 times altogether when heap central temperature reaches 70 DEG C, the material fermented is not brown, sticky, immortal, without tart flavour;
(2) pack
Cultivation bag is made up of the high density polyethylene (HDPE) of thickness 0.06cm or polypropylene film, wide 15cm, long 35cm, before pack, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating fermented is carried out water transfer, make its moisture remain on 60%, pH and remain on 8.5, first sack one end is tied during pack, composts or fertilisers of cultivating is evenly loaded in bag, every packed composts or fertilisers of cultivating 0.8kg;
(3) sterilizing
After installing bag, normal-pressure sterilization 10h at 100 DEG C, and then a vexed night, treat near less than 30 DEG C of temperature in bag, take the dish out of the pot;
(4) inoculate
Use at transfer room and use formaldehyde fumigation 24h the last week, 15ml/m3, utilize indoor inoculation case to inoculate, first the pocket being cooled to less than 30 DEG C, inoculating appliance, the article such as alcolhol burner put into inoculating hood together, open ultra violet lamp 30min, or fumigate by aerosol disinfection box, then start inoculation, inoculation will in strict accordance with sterile working regulations, employing two is inoculated, bacterium block is advisable with broad bean size, after one case has been inoculated, will transport in time and send out the stacking of bacterium field;
(5) bacterium is sent out
Send out bacterium will send out bacterium room the last week and clean up, and with formaldehyde or the sterilization of aerosol disinfection box, then the bacterium bag one inoculated is arranged 6 layers of code good, sterilization in later every 10 days is once, inoculate latter 10 days and carry out first time turning, check and send out bacterium situation, bacteria developing period temperature is 22 DEG C, and air humidity controls 70%, frequent ventilation, keep air fresh, also want lucifuge to send out bacterium simultaneously, generally can cover with bag through 33d mycelia;
(6) after-ripening management
After Pleurotus nebrodensis filament length purseful, can not fruiting immediately, must temperature 20 DEG C, cultivate again under the environment of humidity 70% and carry out after-ripening management in 40 days, make mycelia in vain dense, bacterium bag consolidation, thus preserve enough nutrients and reach physiological ripening, do not open pocket between after ripening culture period, and stimulate bacterium bag with scattered light;
Scattered light condition is natural daylight, and the intensity size of light, at 650lx, will ensure that room air is fresh, gas concentration lwevel≤0.25% in after-ripening management;
(7) management of producing mushroom
Select the bacterium bag of mycelia physiological ripening, be disposed across on mushroom room frame with " back-to-back " form, 1 layer left, 1 layer stacks to the right, then vinyl cover and the collar is pulled out, remove old bacterium block with the mycelium stimulation rake through 75% alcohol disinfecting, sack remains unchanged, and being regulated by low temperature, alternating temperature, high light, ventilation etc. stimulates the former base of induction to be formed;
A. flower bud is urged in temperature, light stimulus
After entering mushroom room, keep daytime 15 DEG C, 6 DEG C of condition Cryogenic Temperature Swings stimulations at night, meanwhile, keep indoor air relative humidity 90%, gas concentration lwevel≤0.22%, 600lx scattered light Continuous irradiation 8h;
B. flower bud is dredged
When former base grows to 1cm, above charge level, 1cm slices off plastic bag mouth, when former base grows to 1cm, uses thin flower bud according to " first weak stay strong " principle, and every bag retains 1 healthy and strong mushroom flower bud;
C. epidemic disaster regulation and control
After thin flower bud is terminated, indoor maintenance temperature 13 DEG C, relative air humidity 93 DEG C, gas concentration lwevel 0.25% environmental condition impel mushroom flower bud to increase thick elongation;
D. air
Every 6h ventilation 10min during fruiting, keep gas concentration lwevel≤0.3%, if deficiency in draught, easily occur misshapen mushroom, long pin mushroom;
(8) gather and packaging
Gather when cap is open and flat, edge is involute, spore not yet launches, press bacterium bag on the other hand, one holds cap breaks down mushroom, accomplish gently to adopt, gently take, with light packs, reduce mechanical collision and damage, eliminate impurity residual on mushroom body in time after gathering, with white soft paper wrapper after low temperature precooling 2-3h.
embodiment 3
The present embodiment provides a kind of Pleurotus nebrodensis cultivating process, and the concrete steps of this cultivation method are as follows:
(1) composts or fertilisers of cultivating preparation
Composts or fertilisers of cultivating is mixed by weight 1.1:1:1 by A, B, C three components;
Wherein, component A is as follows by weight: cotton seed hull: 65 parts, corncob: 25 parts, wheat bran: 10 parts, superphosphate: 2 parts, lime stone: 5 parts, ammonium nitrate: 5 parts, copper sulphate: 0.2 part;
B component is as follows by weight: crushing maize straw: 73 parts, iblet: 20 parts; Urea: 3 parts, gypsum: 3 parts, lime stone: 2.7 parts, manganese sulphate: 0.3 part;
Component C is as follows by weight: wood chip: 67 parts, corncob: 25 parts, Gai Mei phosphorus composite fertilizer: 4 parts, lime: 2 parts, potassium nitrate: 4 parts;
Each component of composts or fertilisers of cultivating is prepared by formula rate, first each for composts or fertilisers of cultivating component is added water and fully mix, then the pH of compound is transferred to 8, mixture moisture content controls 60%, and piled in echelon by the compound prepared, wide is 1.2m, height is 1.3m, and length is not limit, and gets through pore after heap is good, bank up 60h, first time turning is carried out, whole fermentation process 7d, turning 2 times altogether when heap central temperature reaches 68 DEG C, the material fermented is not brown, sticky, immortal, without tart flavour;
(2) pack
Cultivation bag is made up of the high density polyethylene (HDPE) of thickness 0.04cm or polypropylene film, wide 17cm, long 35cm, before pack, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating fermented is carried out water transfer, make its moisture remain on 60%, pH and remain on 8, first sack one end is tied during pack, composts or fertilisers of cultivating is evenly loaded in bag, every packed composts or fertilisers of cultivating 1kg;
(3) sterilizing
After installing bag, normal-pressure sterilization 15h at 100 DEG C, and then a vexed night, treat near less than 30 DEG C of temperature in bag, take the dish out of the pot;
(4) inoculate
Use at transfer room and use formaldehyde fumigation 24h the last week, 10ml/m3, utilize indoor inoculation case to inoculate, first the pocket being cooled to less than 30 DEG C, inoculating appliance, the article such as alcolhol burner put into inoculating hood together, open ultra violet lamp 30min, or fumigate by aerosol disinfection box, then start inoculation, inoculation will in strict accordance with sterile working regulations, employing two is inoculated, bacterium block is advisable with broad bean size, after one case has been inoculated, will transport in time and send out the stacking of bacterium field;
(5) bacterium is sent out
Send out bacterium will send out bacterium room the last week and clean up, and with formaldehyde or the sterilization of aerosol disinfection box, then the bacterium bag one inoculated is arranged 6 layers of code good, sterilization in later every 10 days is once, inoculate latter 10 days and carry out first time turning, check and send out bacterium situation, bacteria developing period temperature is 25 DEG C, and air humidity controls 75%, frequent ventilation, keep air fresh, also want lucifuge to send out bacterium simultaneously, generally can cover with bag through 35d mycelia;
(6) after-ripening management
After Pleurotus nebrodensis filament length purseful, can not fruiting immediately, must temperature 22 DEG C, cultivate again under the environment of humidity 73% and carry out after-ripening management in 35 days, make mycelia in vain dense, bacterium bag consolidation, thus preserve enough nutrients and reach physiological ripening, do not open pocket between after ripening culture period, and stimulate bacterium bag with scattered light;
Scattered light condition is natural daylight, and the intensity size of light, at 150lx, will ensure that room air is fresh, gas concentration lwevel≤0.25% in after-ripening management;
(7) management of producing mushroom
Select the bacterium bag of mycelia physiological ripening, be disposed across on mushroom room frame with " back-to-back " form, 1 layer left, 1 layer stacks to the right, then vinyl cover and the collar is pulled out, remove old bacterium block with the mycelium stimulation rake through 75% alcohol disinfecting, sack remains unchanged, and being regulated by low temperature, alternating temperature, high light, ventilation etc. stimulates the former base of induction to be formed;
A. flower bud is urged in temperature, light stimulus
After entering mushroom room, keep daytime 15 DEG C, 6 DEG C of condition Cryogenic Temperature Swings stimulations at night, meanwhile, keep indoor air relative humidity 85%, gas concentration lwevel≤0.22%, 700lx scattered light Continuous irradiation 8h;
B. flower bud is dredged
When former base grows to 0.5cm, above charge level, 1cm slices off plastic bag mouth, when former base grows to 1cm, uses thin flower bud according to " first weak stay strong " principle, and every bag retains 2 healthy and strong mushroom flower buds;
C. epidemic disaster regulation and control
After thin flower bud is terminated, indoor maintenance temperature 14 DEG C, relative air humidity 90 DEG C, gas concentration lwevel 0.28% environmental condition impel mushroom flower bud to increase thick elongation;
D. air
Every 6h ventilation 10min during fruiting, keep gas concentration lwevel≤0.3%, if deficiency in draught, easily occur misshapen mushroom, long pin mushroom;
(8) gather and packaging
Gather when cap is open and flat, edge is involute, spore not yet launches, press bacterium bag on the other hand, one holds cap breaks down mushroom, accomplish gently to adopt, gently take, with light packs, reduce mechanical collision and damage, eliminate impurity residual on mushroom body in time after gathering, with white soft paper wrapper after low temperature precooling 2-3h.
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiments.All employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent transformation formation, all drop on the protection domain of application claims.
Claims (3)
1. a Pleurotus nebrodensis cultivating process, is characterized in that, the concrete steps of this cultivation method are as follows:
(1) composts or fertilisers of cultivating preparation
Composts or fertilisers of cultivating is mixed by weight 1.1:1:1 by A, B, C three components;
Wherein, component A is as follows by weight: cotton seed hull: 62-65 part, corncob: 23-25 part, wheat bran: 8-10 part, superphosphate: 1-2 part, lime stone: 3-5 part, ammonium nitrate: 3-5 part, copper sulphate: 0.1-0.3 part;
B component is as follows by weight: crushing maize straw: 70-75 part, iblet: 18-20 part; Urea: 1-3 part, gypsum: 2-3 part, lime stone: 2-3 part, manganese sulphate: 0.1-0.3 part;
Component C is as follows by weight: wood chip: 65-70 part, corncob: 20-25 part, Gai Mei phosphorus composite fertilizer: 3-5 part, lime: 1-3 part, potassium nitrate: 2-4 part;
Each component of composts or fertilisers of cultivating is prepared by formula rate, first each for composts or fertilisers of cultivating component is added water and fully mix, then the pH of compound is transferred to 8-9, mixture moisture content controls at 60-65%, and piled in echelon by the compound prepared, wide is 1-1.4m, height is 1.2-1.5m, and length is not limit, and gets through pore after heap is good, bank up 48-72h, first time turning is carried out, whole fermentation process 7d, turning 2-3 time altogether when heap central temperature reaches 65-70 DEG C, the material fermented is not brown, sticky, immortal, without tart flavour;
(2) pack
Cultivation bag is made up of the high density polyethylene (HDPE) of thickness 0.04-0.06cm or polypropylene film, wide 15-17cm, long 35cm, before pack, the composts or fertilisers of cultivating fermented is carried out water transfer, make its moisture remain on 60%, pH and remain on 7.5-8.5, first sack one end is tied during pack, composts or fertilisers of cultivating is evenly loaded in bag, every packed composts or fertilisers of cultivating 0.8-1kg;
(3) sterilizing
After installing bag, normal-pressure sterilization 10-15h at 100 DEG C, and then a vexed night, treat near less than 30 DEG C of temperature in bag, take the dish out of the pot;
(4) inoculate
Use at transfer room and use formaldehyde fumigation 24h the last week, 10-15ml/m
3, utilize indoor inoculation case to inoculate, first the pocket being cooled to less than 30 DEG C, inoculating appliance, the article such as alcolhol burner put into inoculating hood together, open ultra violet lamp 30min, or fumigate by aerosol disinfection box, then inoculation is started, inoculation will in strict accordance with sterile working regulations, and adopt two inoculation, bacterium block is advisable with broad bean size, after one case has been inoculated, to transport in time and send out the stacking of bacterium field;
(5) bacterium is sent out
Send out bacterium will send out bacterium room the last week and clean up, and with formaldehyde or the sterilization of aerosol disinfection box, then the bacterium bag one inoculated is arranged 6 layers of code good, sterilization in later every 10 days is once, inoculate latter 10 days and carry out first time turning, check and send out bacterium situation, bacteria developing period temperature is 22-27 DEG C, and air humidity controls at 70-80%, frequent ventilation, keep air fresh, also want lucifuge to send out bacterium simultaneously, generally can cover with bag through 30-35d mycelia;
(6) after-ripening management
After Pleurotus nebrodensis filament length purseful, can not fruiting immediately, must at temperature 20-25 DEG C, cultivate again under the environment of humidity 70-75% and carry out after-ripening management in 30-40 days, make mycelia in vain dense, bacterium bag consolidation, thus preserve enough nutrients and reach physiological ripening, do not open pocket between after ripening culture period, and stimulate bacterium bag with scattered light;
(7) management of producing mushroom
Select the bacterium bag of mycelia physiological ripening, be disposed across on mushroom room frame with " back-to-back " form, 1 layer left, 1 layer stacks to the right, then vinyl cover and the collar is pulled out, remove old bacterium block with the mycelium stimulation rake through 75% alcohol disinfecting, sack remains unchanged, and being regulated by low temperature, alternating temperature, high light, ventilation etc. stimulates the former base of induction to be formed;
A. flower bud is urged in temperature, light stimulus
After entering mushroom room, keep daytime 15 DEG C, 6 DEG C of condition Cryogenic Temperature Swings stimulations at night, meanwhile, keep indoor air relative humidity 85-95%, gas concentration lwevel≤0.22%, 600-800lx scattered light Continuous irradiation 8h;
B. flower bud is dredged
When former base grows to 0.5-1cm, above charge level, 1cm slices off plastic bag mouth, when former base grows to 1-2cm, uses thin flower bud according to " first weak stay strong " principle, and every bag retains 1-2 healthy and strong mushroom flower bud;
C. epidemic disaster regulation and control
After thin flower bud is terminated, indoor maintenance temperature 12-14 DEG C, relative air humidity 90-95 DEG C, gas concentration lwevel 0.25-0.3% environmental condition impel mushroom flower bud to increase thick elongation;
D. air
Every 6h ventilation 10min during fruiting, keep gas concentration lwevel≤0.3%, if deficiency in draught, easily occur misshapen mushroom, long pin mushroom;
(8) gather and packaging
Gather when cap is open and flat, edge is involute, spore not yet launches, press bacterium bag on the other hand, one holds cap breaks down mushroom, accomplish gently to adopt, gently take, with light packs, reduce mechanical collision and damage, eliminate impurity residual on mushroom body in time after gathering, with white soft paper wrapper after low temperature precooling 2-3h.
2. Pleurotus nebrodensis cultivating process according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described scattered light condition is natural daylight, and the intensity size of light is at 150-650lx.
3. Pleurotus nebrodensis cultivating process according to claim 1, is characterized in that: will ensure that room air is fresh, gas concentration lwevel≤0.25% in described after-ripening management.
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| CN105432321A (en) * | 2015-12-14 | 2016-03-30 | 唐山市农业科学研究院 | Oyster mushroom culture medium processing method |
| CN106588174A (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2017-04-26 | 福建省农业科学院农业工程技术研究所 | Cultivation material for increasing yield of pleurotus nebrodensis and content of amino acid and cultivating method of cultivating material |
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| CN109348984A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-02-19 | 吉林省农业科学院 | A kind of Pleurotus nebrodensis the factorial production air pretreatment technique |
| CN112544337A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-03-26 | 安徽诺亚农业有限公司 | Positioning fruiting method of pleurotus nebrodensis |
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