CN106588174A - Cultivation material for increasing yield of pleurotus nebrodensis and content of amino acid and cultivating method of cultivating material - Google Patents
Cultivation material for increasing yield of pleurotus nebrodensis and content of amino acid and cultivating method of cultivating material Download PDFInfo
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- CN106588174A CN106588174A CN201610979695.1A CN201610979695A CN106588174A CN 106588174 A CN106588174 A CN 106588174A CN 201610979695 A CN201610979695 A CN 201610979695A CN 106588174 A CN106588174 A CN 106588174A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation material for increasing the yield of pleurotus nebrodensis and the content of amino acid. The cultivation material is formed by mixing water and raw materials. The raw materials comprise, by weight, 20-23 parts of mushroom dregs, 21-23 parts of wood bits, 18-22 parts of cotton seed hulls, 8-12 parts of chicken manure power generation ash, 22-26 parts of bran, 0.5-1.5 parts of calcium carbonate and 0.5-1.5 parts of lime. The mass percentage composition of the water in the cultivation material ranges from 62% to 68%, and the pH value ranges from 7.5 to 8. The cultivation material overcomes the defect that due to the fact that an existing pleurotus nebrodensis production cultivation material and cultivation method are not good, the yield and the content of amino acid are low (low delicious degree) and has the advantages of being capable of increasing the yield of the pleurotus nebrodensis and the content of amino acid at the same time and low in cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of planting material and its cultural method for improving Pleurotus ferulae yield and amino acid content, apply Ah
In the cultivation of Wei mushroom.
Background technology
Pleurotus ferulae also known as Pleurotus ferulae Lanzi, asafoetida mushroom, belong to Basidiomycotina Hymenomycetes Agaricales Pleurotaceae Pleurotus, are arids
Gill fungus bacterium representative on grassland.Due to its fructification it is tender and crisp good to eat, aromatic flavour, the laudatory title for having grassland bolete；And because
It has the drug effects such as the product that disappears, desinsection, treatment meat product, lump in the abdomen, chronic malaria, infantile malnutrition due to digestive disturbances or intestinalparasites labor, and local masses' reputation is that Tianshan Mountains god mushroom and Western Paradise are white
Glossy ganoderma.Later due to excessively plucking and livestock trample, natural resources suffers heavy damage, and wild Pleurotus ferulae is reduced year by year.Wild Ah
Wei mushroom is distributed mainly on Yi Li, Tacheng and the Altay Prefecture of Xinjiang Gaer basin Desert Regions, wherein Altay Prefecture Qinghe County
Pleurotus ferulae popularity highest.Because wild Pleurotus ferulae is only originated in, particular season, yield is few, harvesting is difficult, now on the market Ah
Wei mushroom is based on artificial culture.Pleurotus ferulae takes place mostly in the large-scale herbaceous plant of Umbelliferae, such as eryngo, asafoetide, drawing in nature
The plant such as plucked instrument grass, once it is believed that being bacterial parasite, it is impossible to artificial cultivation.It is demonstrated experimentally that Pleurotus ferulae is a kind of saprophytic bacteria, sometimes
Have the property of parasitism concurrently.Jing is tamed, and all can be cultivated for raw material currently with wood chip, cotton seed hulls, bagasse, corncob, wheat bran etc..
But due to consumption demand it is vigorous, the yield and quality of existing Pleurotus ferulae (amino acid content number with edible mushroom deliciousness correlation of attributes)
It is difficult to meet the market demand, still needs to further lift it.
Therefore provide it is a kind of can be while improving Pleurotus ferulae yield and amino acid content and raising Pleurotus ferulae with low cost is produced
Amount and amino acid content planting material and its cultural method oneself become when business urgently.
The content of the invention
Yield and amino acid content caused by order to overcome the not good institute of the planting material and cultural method of existing Pleurotus ferulae production
The shortcoming of relatively low (delicious degree is not good), the present invention provides a kind of planting material and its cultivation for improving Pleurotus ferulae yield and amino acid content
Culture method, having the advantages that can be while improves Pleurotus ferulae yield and amino acid content and with low cost.
Technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of planting material for improving Pleurotus ferulae yield and amino acid content, by the raw material mixing of water and following weight proportion
Into the raw material includes：Bacteria residue 20-23 parts, wood chip 21-23 parts, cotton seed hulls 18-22 parts, chicken manure generating ash 8-12 parts, wheat bran
22-26 parts, calcium carbonate 0.5-1.5 parts, lime 0.5-1.5 parts, the weight/mass percentage composition of water is 62-68% in the planting material,
PH value is 7.5-8.
It is different from Pleurotus ferulae planting material of the tradition with wood chip, cotton seed hulls, bagasse, corncob, wheat bran as major ingredient, the application
Pleurotus ferulae planting material major ingredient in additionally use chicken manure generate electricity ash and bacteria residue.Chicken manure generating ash is drawn materials in spontaneous power plant using chicken
Waste material after excrement generating, it is excellent phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, and the secondary bacteria residue for utilizing, improves traditional cultivation material formula in collocation
Major ingredient nutrient content.And compare and directly utilize chicken manure, resource reutilization is not only realized using the chicken manure ash that generates electricity, and drop
The low bacteria containing amount of planting material, reduces the possibility of varied bacteria growing.The recycling of waste bacterial slag, can not only be to the remnants of bacteria residue
Nutrition carries out secondary utilization, and loose porous beneficial to mycelial growth, green, environmental protection and low-carbon (LC).Bacteria residue generates electricity grey with chicken manure
And the raw material components of remaining planting material being collocated with each other and interacting, significantly improve Pleurotus ferulae yield and amino acid contains
Amount, due to the amino acid content how much delicious degree positive correlation with edible mushroom, therefore, the quality of Pleurotus ferulae is improved.Should
Planting material is caused after chicken manure generating and edible fungus culturing while the yield and amino acid content of Pleurotus ferulae is effectively improved, also
Waste material afterwards is fully utilized, and solves the problems, such as and expanded the recycling of the grey and discarded planting material of chicken manure after generating electricity, and enters one
Step reduces Pleurotus ferulae production cost, reduces the wasting of resources, alleviates environmental pollution, and economic results in society are that production is high significantly
The Pleurotus ferulae for producing high-quality opens a Tiao Xin roads.
The raw material includes：22 parts of bacteria residue, 22 parts of wood chip, 20 parts of cotton seed hulls, 10 parts of chicken manure generating ash, 24 parts of wheat bran, carbon
1 part of sour calcium, 1 part of lime.
The Pleurotus ferulae planting material is preferred scheme, realizes the further lifting of Pleurotus ferulae yield and amino acid content.
The weight/mass percentage composition of water is 65% in the planting material.
The ratio of water to material is optimal, both can guarantee that Pleurotus ferulae planting material for mycelial growth and provides sufficient moisture, and water is avoided that again
Divide the environment beneficial to fungus growth for excessively causing.
The bacteria residue is crushed by the planting material discarded after cultivating flammulina velutipes and formed.
The planting material remnants nutrient contents of the bacteria residue can be secondary use, and the golden mushroom mycelium for wherein remaining is alternatively
The growth of Pleurotus ferulae provides special nutriment, with chicken manure generate electricity collocation together with ash, effect can effectively improve Pleurotus ferulae yield and
Amino acid content.
The Enoki mushroom cultivation material can adopt existing various formulas, for example can by cotton seed hulls, sorghum husk, sawdust,
Peanut shell, beans stalk, cornstalk, Rape Straw, wheat bran, corn flour, land plaster, calcium superphosphate, white sugar, corncob (crushing), soya bean
Face etc. constitutes；Or can be made up of following components：Cornstalk particle 20-30 parts, peanut meal 15-25 parts, corn flour 10-20 parts,
Dregs of beans 8-16 parts, lime 1-3 parts, gypsum 0.8-1.5 parts, Chinese medicine additive 5-10 parts, are more than weight portion.
A kind of cultural method that Pleurotus ferulae is cultivated using above-mentioned planting material, including the following steps for carrying out successively：
1) material preparation step：First add stirring equal remaining raw material in addition to calcium carbonate and lime in stirring container one
It is even；Then after calcium carbonate and lime being dissolved in a small amount of water in stirring container two, add and stirred in stirring container one；
Finally continue to add water to stir in container one so that mixed planting material reaches described water content；Afterwards, will plant
Training material pack carries out autoclaving；
2) inoculation step：After step 1) sterilizing after cultivation material bag temperature be down to≤27 DEG C when, by asafoetide mushroom strains inoculation
Into the planting material；
3) cultural hypha step：Treat step 2) cultivation material bag that has been inoculated with moves into the cultural hypha room that temperature is 22-26 DEG C
Culture 85-88 days；
4) management of producing mushroom and harvesting step：Step 3 is covered with after mycelium) after cultivation material bag, the cultivation material bag is moved into
In mushroom house after sterilization, opening cultivation material bag sack carries out earthing process to the planting material surface, and controls mushroom house humiture,
Timely collecting is carried out in the non-parachute-opening of mushroom lid after fruiting.
The asafoetide mushroom cultivation method effectively reduces production cost, and convenient to operation,
The step 3) in cultural hypha temperature be 24 DEG C, cultivated days be 86 days.
The cultural hypha temperature and the growth of cultivated days optimum Pleurotus ferulae mycelia, can make full use of planting material.
The step 4) in earthing pH value be 6.5-6.8, thickness of earth covering is 4.5-5cm, the step 4) in mushroom house
Temperature is 9-11 DEG C, and the humidity of mushroom house is 89-97%.
The earthing pH value and thickness optimum, not only reduce the infection probability of miscellaneous bacteria, and good permeability causes asafoetide
Mushroom mycelial growth is vigorous.The mushroom house humiture is beneficial to Pleurotus ferulae fruiting.
The step 4) in mushroom house sterilization concretely comprise the following steps：18- is added with every cubic metre of space 8-12g potassium permanganate
The amount of 22ml formaldehyde carries out fumigation to mushroom house, and door and window ventilation is opened after 24 hours.
The fumigation is quick effectively, without dead angle.
Compared with prior art, the present patent application has advantages below：
1) it is substantially improved using the yield of Pleurotus ferulae after the Pleurotus ferulae planting material, lifting amplitude is 37.65-42.42%,
In addition to asparatate, cystine, leucine, lysine, serine, methionine, histidine, remaining 10 kinds amino acid
(threonine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, valerian propylhomoserin, isoleucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, arginine, proline)
Content be improved, wherein, the amplification of glutamic acid, valerian propylhomoserin, tyrosine, arginine and proline content is maximum, amplification
About >=10%；
2) the Pleurotus ferulae planting material employs chicken manure and generates electricity ash, not only abundant raw material source, save labor, and be conducive to
Solve, completely using the negative effect of chemical nitrogen, more directly using the bacteria containing amount that planting material is reduced for chicken manure, to expand
The use range of chicken manure generating ash, for Pleurotus ferulae cultivation new culture medium is provided, and is that circular agriculture explores one effectively
Technological approaches, opens an effective development Pleurotus ferulae artificial cultivation and the practical road for expanding the scale of production；
3) the Pleurotus ferulae planting material employs the useless bacteria residue of cultivating flammulina velutipes, not only realizes the recycling of useless bacteria residue, and energy
Arrange in pairs or groups, the special nutriment of Growth of Pleurotus ferulae offer is provided with chicken manure generating ash, contained with the yield and amino acid that improve Pleurotus ferulae
Amount；
4) cultural method using planting material cultivation Pleurotus ferulae is easy to operate, low cost.
Specific embodiment
Technical scheme is described in detail below.
Embodiment 1
A kind of planting material for improving Pleurotus ferulae yield and amino acid content of the present invention, by water and following weight proportion
Raw material mix, the raw material includes：22 parts of bacteria residue, 22 parts of wood chip, 20 parts of cotton seed hulls, chicken manure generating grey 10 parts, wheat bran
24 parts, 1 part of calcium carbonate, 1 part of lime, in the planting material weight/mass percentage composition of water be 65%, pH value is 7.8.The bacteria residue
Crushed by the planting material discarded after cultivating flammulina velutipes and formed.
A kind of cultural method that Pleurotus ferulae is cultivated using above-mentioned planting material, including the following steps for carrying out successively：
1) material preparation step：First add stirring equal remaining raw material in addition to calcium carbonate and lime in stirring container one
It is even；Then after calcium carbonate and lime being dissolved in a small amount of water in stirring container two, add and stirred in stirring container one；
Finally continue to add water to stir in container one so that mixed planting material reaches described water content；Afterwards, will plant
Training material pack carries out autoclaving；
2) inoculation step：After step 1) sterilizing after cultivation material bag temperature be down to≤27 DEG C when, by asafoetide mushroom strains inoculation
Into the planting material；
3) cultural hypha step：Treat step 2) cultivation material bag that has been inoculated with moves into the cultural hypha room culture that temperature is 24 DEG C
86 days；
4) management of producing mushroom and harvesting step：Step 3 is covered with after mycelium) after cultivation material bag, the cultivation material bag is moved into
In mushroom house after sterilization, open cultivation material bag sack carries out earthing process to the planting material surface, and the pH value of the earthing is
6.7, thickness is 4.8cm, and controls mushroom house temperature for 10 DEG C, and humidity is 92%, is carried out in the non-parachute-opening of mushroom lid after fruiting in good time
Harvesting.
The step 4) in mushroom house sterilization concretely comprise the following steps：20ml first is added with every cubic metre of space 10g potassium permanganate
The amount of aldehyde carries out fumigation to mushroom house, and door and window ventilation is opened after 24 hours.
Embodiment 2
It is with the difference of embodiment 1：The raw material includes：20 parts of bacteria residue, 23 parts of wood chip, 18 parts of cotton seed hulls, chicken manure
Generate electricity 12 parts of ash, 22 parts of wheat bran, 1.5 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.5 part of lime, and the weight/mass percentage composition of water is 68% in the planting material,
PH value is 7.5.The bacteria residue is crushed by the planting material discarded after mushroom culture and formed.
It is described Pleurotus ferulae is cultivated using above-mentioned planting material cultural method the step of 1) in planting material pack be per packed
Material about 230g, autoclave time about 2.5h；Step 3) in cultural hypha temperature be 22 DEG C, cultivated days be 88 days；Step 4)
The pH value of middle earthing is 6.5, and thickness of earth covering is 5cm, the step 4) in mushroom house temperature be 9 DEG C, the humidity of mushroom house is 97%；
What the mushroom house was sterilized concretely comprises the following steps：The amount of 22ml formaldehyde is added to fumigate mushroom house with every cubic metre of space 8g potassium permanganate
Sterilization, opens door and window ventilation after 24 hours.
Embodiment 3
It is with the difference of embodiment 1：The raw material includes：23 parts of bacteria residue, 21 parts of wood chip, 22 parts of cotton seed hulls, chicken manure
Generate electricity 8 parts of ash, 226 parts of wheat bran, 0.5 part of calcium carbonate, 1.5 parts of lime, and the weight/mass percentage composition of water is 62% in the planting material,
PH value is 8.The bacteria residue is formed by cultivating the planting material discarded after phoenix-tail mushroom and crush.
It is described Pleurotus ferulae is cultivated using above-mentioned planting material cultural method the step of 3) in cultural hypha temperature be 26 DEG C,
Cultivated days are 85 days；Step 4) in earthing pH value be 6.8, thickness of earth covering is 4.5cm, the step 4) in mushroom house temperature
For 11 DEG C, the humidity of mushroom house is 89%；What the mushroom house was sterilized concretely comprises the following steps：Added with every cubic metre of space 12g potassium permanganate
The amount of 18ml formaldehyde carries out fumigation to mushroom house, and door and window ventilation is opened after 24 hours.
Test data
(1) impact of the different planting materials to the various amino acid contents of Pleurotus ferulae
Determine in the Pleurotus ferulae and each embodiment of the planting material cultivation of prior art per 100g 17 kinds of amino acid of Pleurotus ferulae
Content.
Various amino acid content (the units of Pleurotus ferulae of the different planting material cultivations of table 1：g/100g)
Testing result shows, with the Pleurotus ferulae of the planting material cultivation of the present invention compared with cultivated using prior art planting material Ah
Wei mushroom, in addition to asparatate, cystine, leucine, lysine, serine, methionine, histidine, remaining 10 kinds of ammonia
Base acid content is improved, wherein, the amplification highest of glutamic acid, valerian propylhomoserin, tyrosine, arginine and proline content,
More than 10%.Wherein, the total amino acid content of embodiment 1 improves 3.81%, is optimal case.
(2) impact of different planting materials and cultural method to Pleurotus ferulae yield
The planting material of prior art and every batch Pleurotus ferulae yield of each embodiment planting material are determined, wherein, it is per batch
35 bag cultivating material, per bag cultivating material dry weight about 230g, every kind of planting material carries out altogether 3 batches and repeats to test.
The Pleurotus ferulae yield of the different planting material cultivations of table 2
Shown by 3 repetition result of the tests of upper table：Shadow of the planting material and cultural method of the application to Pleurotus ferulae yield
Ring notable, the yield of Pleurotus ferulae can be significantly provided, the wherein average growth rate of embodiment 1, up to 42.42%, is optimal case.
The planting material and its cultural method of raising Pleurotus ferulae yield of the present invention and amino acid content is not only only
Be confined to above-described embodiment, every any improvement or replacement according to the principle of the invention, all should protection scope of the present invention it
It is interior.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of planting material for improving Pleurotus ferulae yield and amino acid content, it is characterised in that：The planting material is by water and following
The raw material of weight proportion is mixed, and the raw material includes：Bacteria residue 20-23 parts, wood chip 21-23 parts, cotton seed hulls 18-22 parts, chicken
Excrement generating ash 8-12 parts, wheat bran 22-26 parts, calcium carbonate 0.5-1.5 parts, lime 0.5-1.5 parts, the quality of water in the planting material
Percentage composition is 62-68%, and pH value is 7.5-8.
2. the planting material for improving Pleurotus ferulae yield and amino acid content according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The original
Material includes：22 parts of bacteria residue, 22 parts of wood chip, 20 parts of cotton seed hulls, 10 parts of chicken manure generating ash, 24 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of calcium carbonate, lime 1
Part.
3. the planting material for improving Pleurotus ferulae yield and amino acid content according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The cultivation
The weight/mass percentage composition of water is 65% in training material.
4. the planting material for improving Pleurotus ferulae yield and amino acid content according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The bacterium
Slag is crushed by the planting material discarded after cultivating flammulina velutipes and formed.
5. the planting material for improving Pleurotus ferulae yield and amino acid content according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The bacterium
Slag is crushed by the planting material discarded after cultivating flammulina velutipes and formed.
6. the planting material for improving Pleurotus ferulae yield and amino acid content according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The bacterium
Slag is crushed by the planting material discarded after cultivating flammulina velutipes and formed.
7. a kind of usage right requires that the planting material described in any one of 1-6 cultivates the cultural method of Pleurotus ferulae, it is characterised in that：Bag
Include the following steps for carrying out successively：
1) material preparation step：First remaining raw material in addition to calcium carbonate and lime is added in stirring container one and stirred；Connect
Calcium carbonate and lime are dissolved in a small amount of water in stirring container two after, add and stirred in stirring container one；Finally
Continue to add water to stir in container one so that mixed planting material reaches described water content；Afterwards, by planting material
Pack carries out autoclaving；
2) inoculation step：After step 1) sterilizing after cultivation material bag temperature be down to≤27 DEG C when, asafoetide mushroom strains are seeded to into institute
In stating planting material；
3) cultural hypha step：Treat step 2) cultivation material bag that has been inoculated with moves into the cultural hypha room that temperature is 22-26 DEG C and cultivates
85-88 days；
4) management of producing mushroom and harvesting step：Step 3 is covered with after mycelium) after cultivation material bag, the cultivation material bag is moved into and is sterilized
In mushroom house afterwards, opening cultivation material bag sack carries out earthing process to the planting material surface, and controls mushroom house humiture, is going out
Timely collecting is carried out after mushroom during the non-parachute-opening of mushroom lid.
8. it is according to claim 7 cultivation Pleurotus ferulae cultural method, it is characterised in that：The step 3) in cultural hypha
Temperature is 24 DEG C, and cultivated days are 86 days.
9. it is according to claim 7 cultivation Pleurotus ferulae cultural method, it is characterised in that：The step 4) in earthing pH
Be worth for 6.5-6.8, thickness of earth covering is 4.5-5cm, the step 4) in mushroom house temperature be 9-11 DEG C, the humidity of mushroom house is 89-
97%.
10. it is according to claim 7 cultivation Pleurotus ferulae cultural method, it is characterised in that：The step 4) in mushroom house
That what is sterilized concretely comprises the following steps：Add the amount of 18-22ml formaldehyde that stifling disappearing is carried out to mushroom house with every cubic metre of space 8-12g potassium permanganate
Poison, opens door and window ventilation after 24 hours.
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