CN107089873B - Cultivation material and cultivation method for cultivating oyster mushrooms by utilizing needle mushroom residues - Google Patents
Cultivation material and cultivation method for cultivating oyster mushrooms by utilizing needle mushroom residues Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation material for cultivating oyster mushrooms by utilizing needle mushroom dregs and a cultivation method, wherein the cultivation material for cultivating oyster mushrooms by utilizing the needle mushroom dregs comprises 65.9% of the needle mushroom dregs, 0.1% of urea, 10% of wheat bran, 2% of corn flour, 20% of corncobs and 2% of lime according to the mass ratio. According to the method, the flammulina velutipes mushroom dregs are used as the main material for cultivating the oyster mushrooms, and compared with the corncobs, the flammulina velutipes mushroom dregs are better in growth vigor, white and dense; the growth of hypha is fast, the hypha grows over the fungus bags 5-6 days earlier, the fruiting is early, the period is short and neat, the first-batch mushrooms can all grow in 5 days, the first-batch mushrooms can be harvested in 5 days, the second-batch mushrooms can grow in 7 days, the first-batch mushrooms can be harvested in 5 days, the biological efficiency of the first two-batch mushrooms can reach 80%, and the production cost can be reduced by over 1/2.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation material and a cultivation method for cultivating oyster mushrooms by utilizing needle mushroom fungus residues.
Background
The oyster mushroom is the edible mushroom variety which is most widely cultivated and distributed in China. The oyster mushroom is rich in nutrient substances such as polysaccharide, protein, mineral substances and the like, has various nutrition and health care functions of enhancing body immunity, resisting tumors, viruses, aging, blood sugar and blood fat, promoting growth and development and the like, is delicious in taste, is low in price and high in quality, and is popular with consumers. The oyster mushroom cultivation technology has various modes, and the most applied modes at present are two modes of fermentation material bag type cultivation and clinker bag type cultivation. In recent years, the comparative benefit of edible mushroom production is decreasing with the increasing production scale of edible mushrooms and the increasing cost of raw materials, labor and the like. How to better reduce the cost and improve the economic benefit is a problem which needs to be solved urgently at present.
In summary, the two current modes of fermentation material bag cultivation and clinker bag cultivation have the problems of continuous rising of the cost of raw materials, labor and the like and continuous reduction of the comparative benefit of edible fungus production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation material and a cultivation method for cultivating oyster mushrooms by utilizing needle mushroom dregs, and aims to solve the problems that the cost of labor and the like is continuously increased and the comparative benefit of edible mushroom production is continuously reduced in the conventional fermentation material bag type cultivation mode and the clinker bag type cultivation mode.
The cultivation material for cultivating the oyster mushrooms by utilizing the flammulina velutipes mushroom dregs comprises 65.9% of the flammulina velutipes mushroom dregs, 0.1% of urea, 10% of wheat bran, 2% of corn flour, 20% of corncobs and 2% of lime according to the mass ratio.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the cultivation material for cultivating oyster mushroom by utilizing the flammulina velutipes mushroom dregs, which comprises the following steps:
(1) digging out the culture materials after the fruiting of the bottle-cultivated needle mushrooms, stacking, and naturally fermenting for 8 days according to an aerobic fermentation process;
(2) weighing the components of the cultivation material, wherein the corncobs are pre-wetted by adding water for 12 hours, and adding various raw materials into a stirrer to be continuously stirred for 30 minutes; the water content of the culture material is 65 percent. And (3) bagging by using a punching type bagging machine, wherein polypropylene plastic bags with the thickness of 20cm multiplied by 45cm multiplied by 0.05cm are adopted, and each bag contains 750g of dry materials.
The invention also aims to provide oyster mushroom cultivated by the cultivation material for cultivating oyster mushroom by utilizing the mushroom dregs of the needle mushroom.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating oyster mushroom, comprising the steps of:
(1) culturing mycelium, sterilizing at 126 deg.C for 3 hr, cooling to room temperature, inoculating in clean workshop with inoculation amount of 5%; carrying out hypha dark culture at 20-25 ℃;
(2) fruiting management, namely after the bags are full, moving the bags into a greenhouse, controlling the temperature to be 10-20 ℃, controlling the humidity to be 80-90% and controlling the illumination intensity to be 100-200 lx; the concentration of carbon dioxide is controlled below 0.08%. The cap diameter of the oyster mushroom reaches about 5cm, and the oyster mushroom is harvested before the spores are ejected.
According to the cultivation material and the cultivation method for cultivating the oyster mushroom by using the flammulina velutipes mushroom dregs, provided by the invention, the oyster mushroom is cultivated by using the flammulina velutipes mushroom dregs as the main material, and the cultivation material is better in growth vigor, white and dense than the cultivation material by using corncobs as the main material; the growth of hypha is fast, the hypha grows over the fungus bags 5-6 days earlier, the fruiting is early, the period is short and neat, the first-batch mushrooms can all grow in 5 days, the first-batch mushrooms can be harvested in 5 days, the second-batch mushrooms can grow in 7 days, the first-batch mushrooms can be harvested in 5 days, the biological efficiency of the first two-batch mushrooms can reach 80%, and the production cost can be reduced by over 1/2. The flammulina velutipes mushroom dregs are waste mushroom dregs obtained after harvesting a batch of flammulina velutipes in the industrial production of the flammulina velutipes, are rich in nutrition and low in price, and are about 1/3 of the price of corncobs. If the oyster mushroom cultivation material is used as a production raw material for cultivating oyster mushrooms, the raw material cost can be greatly reduced, and the economic benefit of oyster mushroom cultivation is improved.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a cultivation method for cultivating oyster mushroom by using needle mushroom dregs according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The two modes of fermentation material bag type cultivation and clinker bag type cultivation at present have the problems of continuous rising of the cost of raw materials, labor and the like and continuous reduction of the comparative benefit of edible fungus production.
The following detailed description of the principles of the invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings.
The cultivation material for cultivating the oyster mushroom by using the flammulina velutipes mushroom dregs provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises 65.9% of the flammulina velutipes mushroom dregs, 0.1% of urea, 10% of wheat bran, 2% of corn flour, 20% of corncobs and 2% of lime according to the mass ratio.
The preparation method of the cultivation material for cultivating oyster mushroom by utilizing the needle mushroom dregs provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) digging out the culture materials after the fruiting of the bottle-cultivated needle mushrooms, stacking, and naturally fermenting for about 8 days according to an aerobic fermentation process;
(2) weighing the components of the cultivation material, adding water into the corncobs, pre-wetting for 12h, adding the raw materials into a stirrer, and continuously stirring for 30 min. The water content of the culture material is 65 percent. And (3) bagging by using a punching type bagging machine, wherein polypropylene plastic bags with the thickness of 20cm multiplied by 45cm multiplied by 0.05cm are adopted, and each bag contains 750g of dry materials.
As shown in fig. 1, the cultivation method for cultivating oyster mushroom by using needle mushroom dregs provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
s101: treating needle mushroom residues, digging out culture materials after fruiting of bottle-cultivated needle mushrooms, stacking, and naturally fermenting for about 8 days according to an aerobic fermentation process;
s102: the cultivation material is prepared by the following steps: 65.9% of needle mushroom fungus dregs, 0.1% of urea, 10% of wheat bran, 2% of corn meal, 20% of corncobs and 2% of lime;
s103: and (5) preparing a fungus bag. Weighing according to the formula, wherein the corncobs are pre-wetted by adding water for 12 hours, and various raw materials are added into a stirrer and continuously stirred for 30 minutes. The water content of the culture material is 65 percent. Bagging by using a punching type bagging machine, wherein polypropylene plastic bags of 20cm multiplied by 45cm multiplied by 0.05cm are adopted, and each bag contains 750g of dry materials;
s104: and (5) culturing hyphae. Sterilizing at high pressure at 126 deg.C for 3 hr, cooling to room temperature, inoculating in a clean workshop with inoculation amount of about 5%; carrying out hypha dark culture at 20-25 ℃;
s105: and (5) fruiting management. After the bags are full, the fungus bags are moved into a greenhouse, the temperature is controlled to be 10-20 ℃, the humidity is controlled to be 80-90%, and the illumination intensity is 100-200 lx; the concentration of carbon dioxide is controlled below 0.08%. The cap diameter of the oyster mushroom reaches about 5cm, and the oyster mushroom is harvested before the spores are ejected.
Example 1 Effect of mushroom residue compost on Pleurotus Ostreatus hypha growth and yield
1 materials and methods
1.1 materials
Pleurotus ostreatus strain Huimei No. 2, and is preserved in edible fungus seed bank of institute of plant nutrition and resource environment of academy of agricultural sciences of Henan province.
1.2 methods
1.2.1 cultivation Material formula
The formula of the corn straw cultivation material is as follows: 65.9% of needle mushroom fungus dregs, 0.1% of urea, 10% of wheat bran, 2% of corn meal, 20% of corncobs and 2% of lime.
The formula of the corncob cultivation material is as follows: 97.9 percent of corncob, 2 percent of calcium carbonate and 0.1 percent of urea.
1.2.5 cultivation management method
Weighing the components of the cultivation material, adding the raw materials into a stirrer, and continuously stirring for 30 minutes. The water content of the culture material is 65 percent. Bagging by using a punching type bagging machine, wherein polypropylene plastic bags of 20cm multiplied by 45cm multiplied by 0.05cm are adopted, and each bag contains 750g of dry materials; culturing mycelium, sterilizing at 126 deg.C for 3 hr, cooling to room temperature, inoculating in clean workshop with inoculation amount of about 5%; carrying out hypha dark culture at 20-25 ℃; after the bags are full, the fungus bags are moved to a mushroom growing room, the temperature is controlled to be 10-20 ℃, the humidity is controlled to be 80-90%, and the illumination intensity is 100-200 lx; the concentration of carbon dioxide is controlled below 0.08%. The cap diameter of the oyster mushroom reaches about 5cm, and the oyster mushroom is harvested before the spores are ejected, and 2 stubbles are harvested. Each treatment was performed for 90 bags, and repeated 3 times.
2 results and analysis
2.1 Effect of Mushroom dreg compost on growth of Pleurotus Ostreatus hypha
As can be seen from Table 1, the mushroom residue compost has a significant effect on the growth of oyster mushroom mycelia. The growth potential of the oyster mushroom hyphae on the 2 culture materials of the corncobs and the mushroom dregs has no obvious difference, but the hyphae on the mushroom dreg culture material grow fast and overgrow the mushroom bags 5 days earlier.
TABLE 1 influence of the Mushroom dreg compost on the growth of Pleurotus Ostreatus hyphae
2.2 Effect of Mushroom dreg compost on Pleurotus Ostreatus yield and biological efficiency
As can be seen from Table 2, the effect of the mushroom residue compost on the yield of oyster mushrooms was significant. The yield of the first 2-crop mushrooms and the yield of the mushroom residue culture material are higher (612 g/bag), and the biological efficiency is 11.9 percent higher than that of the corncob culture material.
TABLE 2 influence of the Mushroom dreg compost on Pleurotus Ostreatus yield and biological efficiency
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The cultivation material for cultivating the pleurotus ostreatus of grime American No. 2 by utilizing the flammulina velutipes mushroom dregs is characterized by comprising 65.9% of the flammulina velutipes mushroom dregs, 0.1% of urea, 10% of wheat bran, 2% of corn flour, 20% of corncobs and 2% of lime according to the mass ratio.
2. The preparation method of the compost for cultivating pleurotus ostreatus griseofulvin 2 by using the flammulina velutipes dregs as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the compost for cultivating pleurotus ostreatus griseofulvin 2 by using the flammulina velutipes dregs comprises the following steps:
(1) digging out the culture materials after the fruiting of the bottle-cultivated needle mushrooms, stacking, and naturally fermenting for 8 days according to an aerobic fermentation process;
(2) weighing the components of the cultivation material, wherein the corncobs are pre-wetted by adding water for 12 hours, and adding various raw materials into a stirrer to be continuously stirred for 30 minutes; the water content of the culture material is 65 percent; and (3) bagging by using a punching type bagging machine, wherein polypropylene plastic bags with the thickness of 20cm multiplied by 45cm multiplied by 0.05cm are adopted, and each bag contains 750g of dry materials.
3. The method for cultivating pleurotus ostreatus grimex 2 using the cultivation material for cultivating pleurotus ostreatus grimex 2 by using the needle mushroom dregs as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for cultivating pleurotus ostreatus grimex 2 comprises the following steps:
(1) culturing mycelium, sterilizing at 126 deg.C for 3 hr, cooling to room temperature, inoculating in clean workshop with inoculation amount of 5%; carrying out hypha dark culture at 20-25 ℃;
(2) fruiting management, namely after the bags are full, moving the bags into a greenhouse, controlling the temperature to be 10-20 ℃, controlling the humidity to be 80-90% and controlling the illumination intensity to be 1001-2001 x; the concentration of carbon dioxide is controlled below 0.08 percent; the cap diameter of the oyster mushroom reaches 5cm, and the oyster mushroom is collected before spore ejection.
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| CN107353070A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-11-17 | 福州市农业科学研究所 | Oyster mushroom fermentation material cultivation matrix, mushroom cultivation method using beanstalk as raw material |
| CN107743824A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-03-02 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | A kind of cultural method of asparagus |
| CN108834746A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-11-20 | 河西学院 | A kind of edible mushroom cycle production process method |
| CN109076878A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2018-12-25 | 西南林业大学 | A method of bacterium material is discarded with Rhizoma Gastrodiae and corncob is that main bag containing soilless substrate material cultivates oyster mushroom |
| CN112119835A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2020-12-25 | 武汉市农业科学院 | Oyster mushroom cultivation material containing needle mushroom dregs as well as preparation method and use method thereof |
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| CN101889522B (en) * | 2010-07-28 | 2012-05-30 | 四川农业大学 | Method for planting pleurotus ostreatus by using shitake mushroom dregs |
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