CN108293592B - Method for cultivating flammulina velutipes by using sorghum flour mixture - Google Patents
Method for cultivating flammulina velutipes by using sorghum flour mixture Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for cultivating needle mushroom with sorghum flour mixture comprises adding corn cob, cottonseed hull, bran, brewer's grains, soybean hull, beet pulp, rice bran, corn flour, sorghum flour, shellfish fossil and calcium carbonate into a stirring pot, dry-stirring, wet-stirring to obtain mixture, placing into needle mushroom culture bottle to reach bottle shoulder, perforating with a perforating machine, and sterilizing in a sterilizing pot; inoculating after sterilizing, transferring into a culture chamber, culturing mycelia over the culture bottle, mechanically removing mycelia, allowing the culture bottle to enter a growth chamber, recovering mycelia to kink, forming primordium, growing for 17 days, growing for 8-10 days, and collecting when mushroom grows to a position slightly higher than the sleeve piece. The advantages are that: the flammulina velutipes cultivation material has the advantages of easily available raw materials and low cost, can meet the nutritional requirements of flammulina velutipes at each growth stage, ensures stable fruiting, and improves the quality of the flammulina velutipes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for cultivating flammulina velutipes by using a sorghum flour mixture.
Background
Flammulina velutipes (Fr.V.) Sing is a famous edible and medicinal fungus, and has golden yellow color and slender mushroom stem similar to that of flammulina velutipes. The needle mushroom integrates nature, nutrition and health care, the moisture content of the fresh needle mushroom is about 82% -89%, the needle mushroom is rich in a large amount of protein, carbohydrate, mineral elements, vitamins and crude fiber, and the fat content is low, so that the needle mushroom is an rare high-nutrition product. The needle mushroom contains 18 amino acids, each 100g of dried mushroom contains 20.9g of amino acids, wherein 8 amino acids necessary for human bodies account for 42.29-51.17% of the total amount of the amino acids, the contents of lysine and arginine are extremely rich and respectively reach 1.024g and 1.231g, which are higher than those of common edible fungi, the dried needle mushroom contains 1.3-6.8ug/g of zinc, and the zinc is a mineral element essential for the growth and development of children and can promote the healthy growth and intelligence development of the children, so the needle mushroom is called as the intelligence-enhancing mushroom in Japan. At present, the flammulina velutipes becomes one of the main edible fungi artificially cultivated in China, and accounts for more than 70 percent of the total yield of the edible fungi.
At present, in the industrial production of flammulina velutipes, the actual conditions of production cost, benefit and the like are comprehensively considered for selecting the flammulina velutipes cultivation material, and the flammulina velutipes cultivation material generally selects leftovers of industrial and agricultural production, such as miscellaneous wood chips, cereal rice straws, cottonseed hulls, bagasse, rape seed residues, beet residues, banana stems and leaves, soybean rice straws, vinasse, vinegar residues, pulp residues, partial traditional Chinese medicine residues and the like which are rich in cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose and saccharides as carbon sources to carry out the cultivation work of the flammulina velutipes. Since 2010, the prices of the main raw materials such as the miscellaneous sawdust and the cottonseed hulls used in the production of the edible mushrooms are greatly increased, the sources of the raw materials are in short supply, the production difficulty of edible mushroom production enterprises is sharply increased, the cost of the raw materials is increased, and the industrialized production of the flammulina velutipes is severely restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the method for cultivating the flammulina velutipes by using the sorghum flour mixture, the flammulina velutipes cultivation material is easy to obtain raw materials and low in cost, the nutritional requirements of the flammulina velutipes at each growth stage can be met, stable fruiting is guaranteed, and the quality of the flammulina velutipes is improved.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a method for cultivating needle mushrooms by using a sorghum flour mixture comprises the following specific steps:
(1) flammulina velutipes cultivation material ingredient
According to the weight percentage, 37 percent of corncobs, 5 percent of cottonseed hulls, 5 percent of bran, 5 percent of brewer's grains, 5 percent of soybean hulls, 4 percent of beet pulp, 26.5 percent of rice bran, 5 percent of corn flour, 5 percent of sorghum flour, 1.5 percent of shellfish rocks and 1 percent of calcium carbonate are added into a stirring pot, first stirring is carried out in the stirring pot, dry stirring is carried out for 20min to ensure that all components are uniformly mixed, then second stirring is carried out, wet stirring is carried out for 45min, water is added into the raw materials in the wet stirring process to ensure that the water content of the raw materials is 66.9 percent, and a mixture is obtained; conveying the mixture to a bottling machine by a conveyor belt, filling the mixture into a needle mushroom culture bottle to a bottle shoulder, flattening the mixture in the culture bottle by a punching machine, punching five holes, sealing the five holes, placing the culture bottle into a sterilization pot for sterilization, and sterilizing by adopting a high-temperature and high-pressure mode, wherein the sterilization pressure in the whole sterilization process is more than or equal to 0.15MPa, the sterilization procedure is that the temperature is maintained at 105 ℃ for 60 minutes, the temperature is maintained at 122 ℃ for 60 minutes, the temperature is maintained for 10 minutes, the sterilization is completed, the air is automatically exhausted for 1 hour, and the mixture is cooled;
(2) inoculation of
Inoculating the cultivation bottle filled with the mixture after sterilization, wherein the temperature in the bottle is required to be 16-18 ℃, the inoculation amount is 38-42 mL, and the cultivation bottle enters a cultivation chamber of the cultivation bottle through a conveyor belt;
(3) culturing in a culture room
The culture room requires indoor cleanness, good heat preservation and ventilation, does not need illumination and requires goldThe temperature of the shoulder of the needle mushroom culture bottle is 17-19.5 ℃; culturing at initial culture with humidity of 70% and CO at 6 days after inoculation 2 The concentration is less than 2000 ppm; culturing at 7-23 days after inoculation with humidity of 75-80% and CO 2 Controlling the concentration at 2000-3500 ppm, and allowing mycelia to grow over the cultivation bottle after 22-23 days;
(4) mycelium stimulation
Mechanically scratching the hypha;
(5) growth in a growth chamber
And (3) putting the cultivation bottle subjected to mycelium stimulation into a growing room, enabling hyphae to recover kinks to form primordia, growing for 17 days, then sleeving the tube, growing for 8-10 days, and harvesting when mushroom bodies grow to be slightly higher than the sleeve pieces.
Further, the specification of the needle mushroom cultivation bottle is
Further, the bottling amount of the mixture is 1000g-1020 g.
Furthermore, when the hole is punched, the material surface is required to be flat and not collapse, five holes in the bottom of the culture bottle can transmit light, and strains can reach the bottom of the culture bottle conveniently during inoculation.
Furthermore, the height of the sleeve piece is 15.5cm, and the mushroom body is 1cm higher than the sleeve piece when being harvested.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the leftovers of agricultural and sideline products such as corncobs, cottonseed hulls and the like are used as raw materials, and meanwhile, the sorghum flour and the corn flour are added to be mixed to cultivate the flammulina velutipes, so that the hypha growth and development speed is high, the fruiting bodies are early formed, and the biological conversion rate is high. The sorghum is rich in nutrition and suitable for growth of the flammulina velutipes, the sorghum is generally planted in the north, the yield is high, the raw materials are easy to obtain, the price is relatively reasonable, the biological efficiency of cultivating the flammulina velutipes can reach 100%, and the waste materials after fruiting can be used as high-quality feed for livestock and poultry, so that additional benefits are increased.
The cultivation method is simple, scientific and reasonable, ensures stable fruiting and simultaneously improves the quality of the flammulina velutipes. The cultivation of hypha is finished in 22-22 days, the collection is carried out in 25-27 days, the whole production cycle only needs about 60 days, the average yield of the mushrooms in each cultivation bottle is about 500 g, the yield of each bottle is improved by 30g from 470g per unit yield in the prior art, and the economic benefit is improved to a great extent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view showing the growth state of Flammulina velutipes during harvesting.
Detailed Description
Example 1
(1) Flammulina velutipes cultivation material ingredient
Adding 37kg of corncobs, 5kg of cottonseed hulls, 5kg of bran, 5kg of brewer's grains, 5kg of soybean hulls, 4kg of beet pulp, 26.5kg of rice bran, 5kg of corn flour, 5kg of sorghum flour, 1.5kg of shell fossil and 1kg of calcium carbonate into a stirring pot, carrying out primary stirring in the stirring pot, carrying out dry stirring for 20min to ensure that the components are uniformly mixed, then carrying out secondary stirring, carrying out wet stirring for 45min, adding water into the raw materials in the wet stirring process to ensure that the water content of the raw materials is 66.9 wt%, and obtaining a mixture; conveying the mixture to a bottling machine via a conveyor belt, and filling the mixture
The charging amount of the needle mushroom culture bottle is 1000 g; the mixture in the culture bottle is flattened by a perforating machine, then five holes are drilled and the culture bottle is sealed, the material surface is required to be flat and not to collapse, the five holes at the bottom of the culture bottle can be transparent, and strains can reach the bottom of the culture bottle conveniently during inoculation; sterilizing in a sterilizing pot at high temperature and high pressure, wherein the sterilizing pressure is not less than 0.15MPa in the whole sterilizing process, the sterilizing procedure comprises the steps of maintaining the temperature at 105 ℃ for 60 minutes, sterilizing at 122 ℃ for 60 minutes, maintaining the temperature for 10 minutes, completing the sterilization, automatically exhausting for 1 hour, and cooling;
(2) inoculation of
Inoculating the cultivation bottle filled with the mixture after sterilization, wherein the temperature in the bottle is required to be 16 ℃, the inoculation amount is 42mL, and the cultivation bottle enters a cultivation chamber of the cultivation bottle through a conveyor belt;
(3) culturing in a culture room
The culture room is required to be clean indoors, well insulated and ventilated, and does not need illumination, and the temperature of the bottle shoulder of the needle mushroom culture bottle is required to be 17 ℃; culturing at the initial culture period from the inoculation to the 6 th day,humidity of culture 70%, CO 2 The concentration is less than 2000 ppm; culturing at 7-23 days after inoculation with culture humidity of 80% and CO 2 Controlling the concentration at 2000ppm, and allowing mycelium to grow over the cultivation bottle after 23 days;
(4) mycelium stimulation
Mechanically scratching hyphae;
(5) growth in a growth chamber
And (4) putting the cultivation bottle subjected to mycelium stimulation into a growing room, recovering the kinking of hypha to form primordium, growing for 17 days, sleeving a sleeve, wherein the height of a sleeve piece is 15.5cm, growing for 8 days, and harvesting when the mushroom body is 1cm higher than the sleeve piece. The yield per vial was 502 g. + -.3 g.
Example 2
(1) Flammulina velutipes cultivation material ingredient
Adding 37kg of corncobs, 5kg of cottonseed hulls, 5kg of bran, 5kg of brewer's grains, 5kg of soybean hulls, 4kg of beet pulp, 26.5kg of rice bran, 5kg of corn flour, 5kg of sorghum flour, 1.5kg of shellfish rocks and 1kg of calcium carbonate into a stirring pot, carrying out primary stirring in the stirring pot, carrying out dry stirring for 20min to ensure that all components are uniformly mixed, then carrying out secondary stirring, carrying out wet stirring for 45min, adding water into the raw materials in the wet stirring process to ensure that the water content of the raw materials is 66.9%, and obtaining a mixture; conveying the mixture to a bottling machine via a conveyor belt, and filling the mixture into bottles with the specification of
The needle mushroom culture bottle is arranged on the shoulder of the needle mushroom culture bottle, and the mixed material is bottled in an amount of 1020 g; flattening the mixture in the culture bottle by a perforating machine, punching five holes, sealing the holes, placing the mixture into a sterilization pot for sterilization, sterilizing in a high-temperature and high-pressure mode, wherein the sterilization pressure is more than or equal to 0.15MPa in the whole sterilization process, the sterilization procedure is that the temperature is maintained at 105 ℃ for 60 minutes, the temperature is maintained at 122 ℃ for 60 minutes, the temperature is maintained for 10 minutes, the sterilization is finished, automatically exhausting the air for 1 hour, and cooling;
(2) inoculation of
Inoculating the cultivation bottle filled with the mixture after sterilization, wherein the temperature in the bottle is required to be 18 ℃, the inoculation amount is 38mL, and the cultivation bottle enters a cultivation chamber of the cultivation bottle through a conveyor belt;
(3) culturing in a culture room
The culture room is required to be clean indoors, well insulated and ventilated, and does not need illumination, and the temperature of the bottle shoulder of the needle mushroom culture bottle is required to be 19.5 ℃; culturing at initial culture with culture humidity of 70% and CO at 6 days after inoculation 2 The concentration is less than 2000 ppm; culturing at 7-23 days after inoculation with culture humidity of 75% and CO 2 Controlling the concentration at 3500ppm, and allowing mycelium to grow over the cultivation bottle after 22 days;
(4) mycelium stimulation
Mechanically scratching hyphae;
(5) growth in a growth chamber
And (4) putting the cultivation bottle subjected to mycelium stimulation into a growing room, recovering the kinking of hypha to form primordium, growing for 17 days, sleeving a sleeve, wherein the height of a sleeve piece is 15.5cm, growing for 10 days, and harvesting when the mushroom body is 1cm higher than the sleeve piece. The yield per vial was 505 g. + -.5 g.
Example 3
(1) Flammulina velutipes cultivation material ingredient
Adding 37kg of corncobs, 5kg of cottonseed hulls, 5kg of bran, 5kg of brewer's grains, 5kg of soybean hulls, 4kg of beet pulp, 26.5kg of rice bran, 5kg of corn flour, 5kg of sorghum flour, 1.5kg of shellfish rocks and 1kg of calcium carbonate into a stirring pot, carrying out primary stirring in the stirring pot, carrying out dry stirring for 20min to ensure that all components are uniformly mixed, then carrying out secondary stirring, carrying out wet stirring for 45min, adding water into the raw materials in the wet stirring process to ensure that the water content of the raw materials is 66.9%, and obtaining a mixture; conveying the mixture to a bottling machine by a conveyor belt, filling the mixture into a needle mushroom culture bottle to reach the bottle shoulder, wherein the bottling amount of the mixture is 1010g, flattening the mixture in the culture bottle by a perforating machine, drilling five holes and sealing, wherein the material surface is required to be flat and not to collapse, the five holes in the bottom of the culture bottle can be transparent, and strains can reach the bottom of the culture bottle conveniently during inoculation; sterilizing in a sterilizing pot at high temperature and high pressure under the pressure of 0.15MPa or more at 105 deg.C for 60 min and at 122 deg.C for 60 min and 10 min, automatically exhausting air for 1 hr, and cooling;
(2) inoculation of
Inoculating the cultivation bottle filled with the mixture after sterilization, wherein the temperature in the bottle is required to be 17 ℃, the inoculation amount is 40mL, and the cultivation bottle enters a cultivation chamber of the cultivation bottle through a conveyor belt;
(3) culturing in a culture room
The culture room is required to be clean indoors, well insulated and ventilated, illumination is not required, and the temperature of the bottle shoulder of the needle mushroom culture bottle is required to be 18 ℃; culturing at initial culture with culture humidity of 70% and CO at 6 days after inoculation 2 The concentration is less than 2000 ppm; culturing at 7-23 days after inoculation with culture humidity of 78% and CO 2 Controlling the concentration at 3000ppm, and allowing mycelia to grow over the cultivation bottle after 22 days;
(4) mycelium stimulation
Mechanically scratching the hypha;
(5) growth in a growth chamber
And (4) putting the cultivation bottle subjected to mycelium stimulation into a growing room, recovering the kinking of hypha to form primordium, growing the hypha to 17 days, then sleeving the mushroom until the height of a sleeve piece is 15.5cm, growing the mushroom for 9 days until the mushroom grows to be slightly higher than the sleeve piece, and harvesting. The yield per vial was 504 g. + -.2 g.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but various modifications and changes can be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for cultivating needle mushrooms by using sorghum flour mixture is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) flammulina velutipes cultivation material ingredient
According to the weight percentage, 37 percent of corncobs, 5 percent of cottonseed hulls, 5 percent of bran, 5 percent of brewer's grains, 5 percent of soybean hulls, 4 percent of beet pulp, 26.5 percent of rice bran, 5 percent of corn flour, 5 percent of sorghum flour, 1.5 percent of shellfish fossil and 1 percent of calcium carbonate are added into a stirring pot, the first stirring is carried out in the stirring pot, the dry stirring is carried out for 20min, then the second stirring is carried out, the wet stirring is carried out for 45min, water is added into the raw materials in the wet stirring process, the water content of the raw materials is ensured to be 66.9 percent, and a mixture is obtained; conveying the mixture to a bottling machine by a conveyor belt, filling the mixture into needle mushroom culture bottles to a bottle shoulder, flattening the mixture in the culture bottles by a perforating machine, perforating five holes, sealing the bottles, sterilizing the bottles in a sterilization pot, sterilizing the bottles at high temperature and high pressure, keeping the sterilization pressure at 105 ℃ for 60 minutes, sterilizing the bottles at 122 ℃ for 60 minutes, keeping the sterilization pressure at 10 minutes, sterilizing the bottles automatically for 1 hour, and cooling the bottles;
(2) inoculation of
Inoculating the cultivation bottle filled with the mixture after sterilization, wherein the temperature in the bottle is required to be 16-18 ℃, the inoculation amount is 38-42 mL, and the cultivation bottle enters a cultivation chamber of the cultivation bottle through a conveyor belt;
(3) culturing in a culture room
The culture room is required to be clean, well insulated and ventilated, illumination is not required, and the temperature of the shoulder of the needle mushroom culture bottle is required to be 17-19.5 ℃; culturing at initial culture with culture humidity of 70% and CO at 6 days after inoculation 2 The concentration is less than 2000 ppm; culturing after 7-23 days after inoculation, with humidity of 75-80%, and CO 2 Controlling the concentration at 2000-3500 ppm, and allowing mycelia to grow over the cultivation bottle after 22-23 days;
(4) mycelium stimulation
Mechanically scratching hyphae;
(5) growth in a growth chamber
And (4) putting the cultivation bottle subjected to mycelium stimulation into a growing room, recovering the kinked mycelium to form primordium, growing the primordium to 17 days, then sleeving the tube, growing the mushroom for 8-10 days, and harvesting when the mushroom grows to be slightly higher than the sleeve piece.
2. The method for cultivating flammulina velutipes with the sorghum flour mixture as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the needle mushroom cultivation bottle has the specification of
3. The method for cultivating flammulina velutipes with the sorghum flour mixture as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the bottling amount of the mixture is 1000g-1020 g.
4. The method for cultivating flammulina velutipes with the sorghum flour mixture as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the hole is punched, the material surface is required to be flat and not collapse, five holes in the bottom of the culture bottle can transmit light, and strains can reach the bottom of the culture bottle conveniently during inoculation.
5. The method for cultivating flammulina velutipes with the sorghum flour mixture as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the height of the sleeve piece is 15.5cm, and the mushroom body is 1cm higher than the sleeve piece when being harvested.
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| CN109076879A (en) * | 2018-11-03 | 2018-12-25 | 上海品柔文化发展有限公司 | A kind of selenium-rich gold needle mushroom and its production method |
| CN110192496A (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2019-09-03 | 江苏友康生态科技有限公司 | A kind of Grifola frondosa culture material formula |
| CN110663451A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2020-01-10 | 江苏华绿生物科技股份有限公司 | Application of novel palm fiber culture medium in industrial cultivation of white needle mushrooms |
| CN111296174A (en) * | 2020-03-28 | 2020-06-19 | 江苏华绿生物科技股份有限公司 | High-pressure sterilization method for needle mushroom cultivation bottles |
| CN113575277A (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2021-11-02 | 江苏华绿生物科技股份有限公司 | Sorghum bran culture medium and application thereof in industrial cultivation of white flammulina velutipes |
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| CN102668878B (en) * | 2012-05-08 | 2014-07-02 | 东莞香市菌业科技有限公司 | Method for cultivating flammulina velutipes by using aquilaria-sinensis-chip edible mushroom culture medium |
| CN103503694B (en) * | 2013-10-15 | 2016-03-30 | 北京格瑞拓普生物科技有限公司 | A kind of cultivation method of brown Asparagus |
| CN103980048A (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2014-08-13 | 徐州绿维现代农业科技有限公司 | Preparation raw material and cultivation method of flammulina velutipes |
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