CN113575277A - Sorghum bran culture medium and application thereof in industrial cultivation of white flammulina velutipes - Google Patents
Sorghum bran culture medium and application thereof in industrial cultivation of white flammulina velutipes Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sorghum bran culture medium and application thereof in industrial cultivation of white needle mushrooms, wherein a cultivation medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of sorghum bran, 30-35 parts of corncobs, 25-30 parts of rice bran, 8-12 parts of bran, 3-4 parts of dry bean dregs, 3-4 parts of brewer's grains, 5-6 parts of soybean hulls, 2-3 parts of shell powder and 1-2 parts of light calcium carbonate. The sorghum bran protein adopted by the invention has higher content, can replace rice bran to provide nutrition for the growth of needle mushrooms, has low price, and effectively reduces the production cost; the sorghum bran is storage-resistant, not easy to deteriorate, light in volume weight, good in support property, capable of guaranteeing a good culture medium structure, strong in air permeability, beneficial to hypha extension, capable of reducing resource waste of the sorghum bran and capable of improving the economic value of the sorghum bran.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of needle mushroom cultivation, and particularly relates to a sorghum bran culture medium and application thereof in industrial cultivation of white needle mushrooms.
Background
With the development of society and the continuous improvement of living standard, people pay more and more attention to diet. Nowadays, "one meat and one vegetable and one mushroom" has become the best dietary structure. Edible fungi, as a pollution-free and multi-nutrient food, have become an essential element in the dietary structure of people. The needle mushroom is one of various edible mushroom varieties, and is favored by people because of crisp and tender mouthfeel, delicious taste, smoothness, tenderness and palatability. Therefore, the development of the flammulina velutipes enterprises is very rapid, and in recent years, the quantity of the flammulina velutipes enterprises is continuously expanded, the annual output is increased year after year, and the market competition is increasingly severe.
In the prior art, corncobs, rice bran and cottonseed hulls are main raw materials of a culture medium, farmers pursue yield, planted corn varieties are mainly red, and compared with the prior white corncobs, the red corncobs are hard in texture, low in water absorption rate and high in volume weight, and after bottling, the culture medium is easy to be unstable in bottle weight, poor in water retention and high in water accumulation at the bottom; the cotton seed hulls are used to support the culture medium to increase its air permeability. However, with the development of animal husbandry, the prices of rice bran and cottonseed hulls are also rising, and finding out a substitute with lower cost is an urgent task for various needle mushroom enterprises.
Sorghum is one of the four major cereals in the world and is planted very widely. The main focus is in northeast, Xinjiang, Shandong, Jiangsu and other places in China. The sorghum bran is a mixture of cortex, embryo and small amount of endosperm which are removed from sorghum during processing sorghum rice, and contains components such as protein, phytin, amino acids, trace elements, acid fibers and the like. Because of the low grease and high fiber content, the fiber can be stored for a long time without deterioration. But the use route of the sorghum bran is very limited at present, and the sorghum bran is generally used as feed, fuel and wine. Still other farmers use for potting compost or throw it away directly, with far lower utilization than production. This not only is a great waste of resources, but also results in economic losses. According to the method, sorghum bran is used as a novel needle mushroom cultivation raw material, waste is turned into wealth, and the characteristics of good air permeability, low volume weight and high protein of the sorghum bran are used for replacing part of cottonseed hulls and rice bran used in the traditional needle mushroom cultivation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the background art, the invention provides the sorghum bran culture medium, which utilizes sorghum bran to replace part of cottonseed hulls and rice bran used in the traditional golden mushroom cultivation, can be used for cultivating white golden mushrooms in an industrial manner, not only reduces the production cost, but also avoids the resource waste of the sorghum bran, and changes waste into valuable.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a sorghum bran culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of sorghum bran, 30-35 parts of corncobs, 25-30 parts of rice bran, 5-6 parts of cottonseed hulls, 8-12 parts of bran, 3-4 parts of dry bean dregs, 3-4 parts of brewer's grains, 5-6 parts of soybean hulls, 2-3 parts of shell powder and 1-2 parts of light calcium carbonate.
Preferably, the water content of the culture medium is 67-68%, and the pH value is 6.2-6.8.
Preferably, the sorghum bran has the water content of less than 13 percent, the pH value of 5.7-6.1 and the volume weight of 210-220 g.
An application of sorghum bran culture medium in the industrial cultivation of white flammulina velutipes, which is used for the industrial cultivation of the flammulina velutipes, and the cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, filling the sorghum culture medium into a cultivation bottle, wherein the bottling structure requires that the sorghum culture medium is bottled and loosened, so that the sorghum culture medium is favorable for bacterial liquid to spread downwards, and cooling the sorghum culture medium for later use after high-pressure steam sterilization;
s2, inoculating the liquid spawn into a culture bottle when the surface temperature of the culture medium is cooled to 16-22 ℃, and culturing in two stages in a culture room, wherein the first stage comprises the following steps: the space temperature of the culture room is 14-16 ℃, the temperature between bottles is 15-19 ℃, the air humidity is not lower than 60%, and the culture is carried out for 1-8 days; and a second stage: the space temperature of the culture room is 11-14 ℃, the temperature between bottles is 15-20 ℃, the air humidity is 78-85%, and the culture is carried out for 6-23 days;
s3, after the hyphae cultured in the step S2 overgrow the cultivation bottle, performing mycelium stimulation treatment, removing old hyphae on the material surface, forming mechanical stimulation, then moving the cultivation bottle to a growing room for bud promotion, and after 4-6 days, covering mushroom buds on the material surface;
s4, after the bud forcing is finished, performing photoinhibition on mushroom buds, and adding CO2The concentration is controlled to be 3000-10000 ppm, and the gradient is reducedHeating to 4-5 ℃, and growing mushroom buds into mushroom buds;
s5, increasing CO when mushroom buds grow out of the bottle mouth for 1-2 cm in the step S42When the concentration is more than 10000ppm, the needle mushroom is wrapped to promote the elongation of the needle mushroom stipe;
and S6, when the needle mushrooms grow to 15-16 cm, reaching the harvesting height, and harvesting.
Preferably, the liquid strain inoculation amount in the step S2 is 30-35 mL for each cultivation bottle.
Preferably, the conditions for inducing bud in step S3 are as follows: room temperature 15-16 deg.C, air humidity 85% -95%, and CO2The concentration is in the range of 3000-4000 ppm.
Preferably, in the step S4, the gradient cooling is performed at a cooling rate of 2 to 4 ℃ per day.
Preferably, the light intensity of the light suppression in step S4 is 100 Lux.
Preferably, the cultivation bottle is a polypropylene plastic cultivation bottle with the capacity of 1450 ml.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the sorghum bran adopted by the invention has higher protein content (more than 5 percent), can replace partial rice bran to provide nutrition for the growth of needle mushrooms, the rice bran is a main raw material in a culture medium, and the price of the sorghum bran is far lower than that of the rice bran and cottonseed hulls, so that the bottling cost is greatly reduced, and the trouble that the price of the raw materials such as the cottonseed hulls and the rice bran is continuously increased is effectively solved;
(2) the sorghum bran is stored together with the main product in the early stage of processing, the storage condition is better, the processing technology is relatively stable, and the continuous and stable quality in the later stage can be ensured;
(3) because the volume weight range of the red corncobs is between 260 and 300g, and the volume weight of the sorghum bran is between 210 and 220g, the volume weight is obviously lower than that of the red corncobs, the support property is better, the sorghum bran is added into the culture medium, so that the air permeability of the culture medium can be ensured to be improved after bottling, the propagation of hyphae is facilitated, the culture medium is fully decomposed, and part of cottonseed hulls in the raw materials can be replaced;
(4) the sorghum bran has the advantages of low self-fat, high fiber content, storage resistance and difficult deterioration;
(5) the invention widens the use way of the sorghum bran, reduces the resource waste and improves the economic value of the sorghum bran.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments. The described embodiments are only some embodiments of the invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The invention provides a sorghum bran culture medium, wherein a culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of sorghum bran, 30 parts of corncobs, 25 parts of rice bran, 5 parts of cottonseed hulls, 8 parts of bran, 3 parts of dry bean dregs, 3 parts of brewer's grains, 5 parts of soybean hulls, 2 parts of shell powder and 1 part of light calcium carbonate; wherein the water content of the culture medium is 67 percent, and the pH value is 6.2; the sorghum bran has the water content of less than 13 percent, the pH value of 5.7 and the volume weight of 210 g.
The application of the sorghum bran culture medium in the industrial cultivation of the white flammulina velutipes is used for the industrial cultivation of the flammulina velutipes, and the cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, filling the sorghum culture medium into a polypropylene plastic cultivation bottle with the volume of 1450ml, filling bottles with a structure requiring tight and loose filling, sterilizing with high-pressure steam, and cooling for later use;
s2, inoculating liquid strains into the culture bottles when the surface temperature of the culture base material is cooled to 16 ℃, inoculating 30mL of the liquid strains into each culture bottle, and culturing in two stages in a culture room, wherein the first stage comprises the following steps: the space temperature of the culture room is 15 ℃, the temperature between the bottles (the temperature between the culture bottles) is 16 ℃, the air humidity is not lower than 60 percent, and the culture is carried out for 5 days; and a second stage: the space temperature of the culture room is 11 ℃, the temperature between bottles is 15 ℃, the air humidity is 78%, and the culture is carried out for 12 days;
s3, after the hypha cultured in the step S2 overgrows the cultivation bottlePerforming mycelium stimulation treatment, removing old hyphae on the material surface, forming mechanical stimulation, and then moving the cultivation bottle to a breeding room for bud promotion, wherein the conditions for the bud promotion are as follows: room temperature 15 deg.C, air humidity 85%, CO2The concentration is within 3000ppm, and mushroom buds are covered on the surface of the material after 4 days;
s4, after the bud forcing is finished, performing light inhibition on mushroom buds with the illumination intensity of 100Lux, and adding CO2The concentration is controlled to be 3000ppm, the temperature is reduced to 4 ℃ in a gradient manner at the temperature reduction rate of 2 ℃ every day, and mushroom buds grow into mushroom buds;
s5, increasing CO when mushroom buds grow out of 1cm of the bottle mouth in the step S42When the concentration is more than 10000ppm, the needle mushroom is wrapped to promote the elongation of the needle mushroom stipe;
and S6, when the needle mushrooms grow to 15cm, reaching the harvesting height, and harvesting.
The method can be used for collecting mushroom buds after 4 days, the mushroom buds can grow to the mouth of the cultivation bottle after 10 days, and mushroom pieces are wrapped on the mouth of the cultivation bottle after 16 days to promote the elongation of stipe, and the mushroom pieces can be collected after about 26 days.
Example 2
The invention provides a sorghum bran culture medium, wherein a culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of sorghum bran, 32 parts of corncobs, 26 parts of rice bran, 5 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10 parts of bran, 3 parts of dry soybean dregs, 3 parts of brewer's grains, 5 parts of soybean hulls, 2 parts of shell powder and 1 part of light calcium carbonate; wherein the water content of the culture medium is 67 percent, and the pH value is 6.5; the sorghum bran has the water content of less than 13 percent, the pH value of 5.9 and the volume weight of 215 g.
The application of the sorghum bran culture medium in the industrial cultivation of the white flammulina velutipes is used for the industrial cultivation of the flammulina velutipes, and the cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, filling the sorghum culture medium into a polypropylene plastic cultivation bottle with the volume of 1450ml, filling bottles with a structure requiring tight and loose filling, sterilizing with high-pressure steam, and cooling for later use;
s2, inoculating liquid strains into the culture bottles when the surface temperature of the culture medium is cooled to 18 ℃, inoculating 32mL of the liquid strains into each culture bottle, and culturing in two stages in a culture room, wherein the first stage comprises the following steps: the space temperature of the culture room is 15 ℃, the temperature between the bottles (the temperature between the culture bottles) is 16 ℃, the air humidity is not lower than 60 percent, and the culture is carried out for 5 days; and a second stage: the space temperature of the culture room is 12 ℃, the temperature between bottles is 17 ℃, the air humidity is 80 percent, and the culture is carried out for 15 days;
s3, after the hyphae cultured in the step S2 overgrow the cultivation bottle, performing mycelium stimulation treatment, removing old hyphae on the material surface, forming mechanical stimulation, and then moving the cultivation bottle to a breeding room for bud promotion, wherein the bud promotion conditions are as follows: room temperature 15 deg.C, air humidity 90%, CO2The concentration is 3500ppm, and mushroom buds are covered on the surface of the material after 5 days;
s4, after the bud forcing is finished, performing light inhibition on mushroom buds with the illumination intensity of 100Lux, and adding CO2The concentration is controlled to be 5000ppm, gradient cooling is carried out to 4 ℃ at the cooling rate of 3 ℃ every day, and mushroom buds grow into mushroom buds;
s5, increasing CO when mushroom buds grow out of the bottle mouth for 1.5cm in the step S42When the concentration is more than 5000ppm, covering with the bag mushroom to promote the elongation of the stipe of the flammulina velutipes;
and S6, when the needle mushrooms grow to 15cm, reaching the harvesting height, and harvesting.
The method can be used for collecting mushroom buds after 5 days, the mushroom buds can grow to the mouth of the cultivation bottle after 11 days, and mushroom pieces are wrapped on the mouth of the cultivation bottle after 16 days, so that the elongation of stipe is promoted, and the mushroom can be collected after about 26 days.
Example 3
The invention provides a sorghum bran culture medium, wherein a culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of sorghum bran, 35 parts of corncobs, 30 parts of rice bran, 6 parts of cottonseed hulls, 12 parts of bran, 4 parts of dry soybean dregs, 4 parts of brewer's grains, 6 parts of soybean hulls, 3 parts of shell powder and 2 parts of light calcium carbonate; wherein the water content of the culture medium is 68 percent, and the pH value is 6.8; the water content of the sorghum bran is lower than 13%, the pH value is 6.1, and the volume weight is 220 g.
The application of the sorghum bran culture medium in the industrial cultivation of the white flammulina velutipes is used for the industrial cultivation of the flammulina velutipes, and the cultivation method comprises the following steps:
s1, filling the sorghum culture medium into a polypropylene plastic cultivation bottle with the volume of 1450ml, filling bottles with a structure requiring tight and loose filling, sterilizing with high-pressure steam, and cooling for later use;
s2, inoculating liquid strains into the culture bottles when the surface temperature of the culture base material is cooled to 22 ℃, inoculating 35mL of the liquid strains into each culture bottle, and culturing in two stages in a culture room, wherein the first stage comprises the following steps: the space temperature of the culture room is 16 ℃, the temperature between the bottles (the temperature between the culture bottles) is 19 ℃, the air humidity is not lower than 60 percent, and the culture is carried out for 8 days; and a second stage: the temperature of the space of the culture room is 14 ℃, the temperature between bottles is 20 ℃, the air humidity is 85 percent, and the culture is carried out for 23 days;
s3, after the hyphae cultured in the step S2 overgrow the cultivation bottle, performing mycelium stimulation treatment, removing old hyphae on the material surface, forming mechanical stimulation, and then moving the cultivation bottle to a breeding room for bud promotion, wherein the bud promotion conditions are as follows: room temperature 16 deg.C, air humidity 95%, CO2The concentration is in the range of 4000ppm, and mushroom buds are distributed on the surface of the material after 6 days;
s4, after the bud forcing is finished, performing light inhibition on mushroom buds with the illumination intensity of 100Lux, and adding CO2The concentration is controlled to be 10000ppm, the temperature is reduced to 5 ℃ in a gradient way at the cooling rate of 4 ℃ every day, and mushroom buds grow into mushroom buds;
s5, increasing CO when mushroom buds grow out of the bottle mouth for 2cm in the step S42When the concentration is more than 10000ppm, the needle mushroom is wrapped to promote the elongation of the needle mushroom stipe;
s6, when the needle mushrooms grow to 16cm, the harvesting height is reached, and harvesting is carried out.
The method can be used for collecting mushroom buds after 6 days, growing the mushroom buds to the mouth of a cultivation bottle after 12 days, and covering mushroom slices on the mouth of the cultivation bottle after 17 days to promote the elongation of stipe, and collecting the mushroom buds after about 28 days.
In conclusion, the sorghum bran protein adopted by the invention has high content (more than 5 percent), can replace partial rice bran to provide nutrition for the growth of needle mushrooms, the rice bran is used as a main raw material in a culture medium, the price of the sorghum bran is far lower than that of the rice bran and cottonseed hulls, the price of the sorghum bran is 1500-dose 1600 yuan/ton, the price of the rice bran is 2300-dose 2400 yuan/ton, and the price of the cottonseed hulls is 1900-dose 2000 yuan/ton, so that the production cost can be effectively reduced. Moreover, the sorghum bran is stored together with the main product in the early stage of processing, the storage condition is better, the processing technology is relatively stable, the continuous and stable quality in the later stage can be ensured, the volume weight of the sorghum bran is lighter, the support property is better, a better culture medium structure can be ensured, the air permeability is strong, and the hypha elongation is facilitated; the sorghum bran has the advantages of low oil content, high fiber content, storage resistance and low possibility of deterioration. The yield of the flammulina velutipes cultivated by the cultivation substrate in which sorghum bran is used for replacing part of rice bran and cottonseed hulls in the examples 1-3 is almost the same as that of the flammulina velutipes cultivated by the cultivation substrate in the prior art, and the flammulina velutipes have better mouthfeel and taste.
Claims (9)
1. A sorghum bran culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of sorghum bran, 30-35 parts of corncobs, 25-30 parts of rice bran, 5-6 parts of cottonseed hulls, 8-12 parts of bran, 3-4 parts of dry bean dregs, 3-4 parts of brewer's grains, 5-6 parts of soybean hulls, 2-3 parts of shell powder and 1-2 parts of light calcium carbonate.
2. The application of the novel sorghum bran culture medium in the industrial cultivation of the white flammulina velutipes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sorghum bran culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the water content of the culture medium is 67-68%, and the pH value is 6.2-6.8.
3. The application of the novel sorghum bran culture medium in the industrial cultivation of the white flammulina velutipes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sorghum bran culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the water content of the sorghum bran is lower than 13%, the pH value is 5.7-6.1, and the volume weight is 210-220 g.
4. The use of a sorghum bran culture medium according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for the industrial cultivation of white flammulina velutipes, wherein: the method is used for industrial cultivation of the flammulina velutipes and comprises the following steps:
s1, filling the sorghum culture medium into a cultivation bottle, wherein the bottling structure requires that the sorghum culture medium is bottled and loosened, so that the sorghum culture medium is favorable for bacterial liquid to spread downwards, and cooling the sorghum culture medium for later use after high-pressure steam sterilization;
s2, inoculating the liquid spawn into a culture bottle when the surface temperature of the culture medium is cooled to 16-22 ℃, and culturing in two stages in a culture room, wherein the first stage comprises the following steps: the space temperature of the culture room is 14-16 ℃, the temperature between bottles is 15-19 ℃, the air humidity is not lower than 60%, and the culture is carried out for 1-8 days; and a second stage: the space temperature of the culture room is 11-14 ℃, the temperature between bottles is 15-20 ℃, the air humidity is 78-85%, and the culture is carried out for 6-23 days;
s3, after the hyphae cultured in the step S2 overgrow the cultivation bottle, performing mycelium stimulation treatment, removing old hyphae on the material surface, forming mechanical stimulation, then moving the cultivation bottle to a growing room for bud promotion, and after 4-6 days, covering mushroom buds on the material surface;
s4, after the bud forcing is finished, performing photoinhibition on mushroom buds, and adding CO2Controlling the concentration to be 3000-10000 ppm, reducing the temperature to 4-5 ℃ in a gradient manner, and growing mushroom buds into mushroom buds;
s5, increasing CO when mushroom buds grow out of the bottle mouth for 1-2 cm in the step S42When the concentration is more than 10000ppm, the needle mushroom is wrapped to promote the elongation of the needle mushroom stipe;
and S6, when the needle mushrooms grow to 15-16 cm, reaching the harvesting height, and harvesting.
5. The use of the sorghum bran culture medium in the industrial cultivation of the white flammulina velutipes as claimed in claim 4, wherein: and in the step S2, the liquid strain inoculation amount is 30-35 mL for each cultivation bottle.
6. The use of the sorghum bran culture medium in the industrial cultivation of the white flammulina velutipes as claimed in claim 4, wherein: in the step S3, the conditions for inducing budding are as follows: room temperature 15-16 deg.C, air humidity 85% -95%, and CO2The concentration is in the range of 3000-4000 ppm.
7. The use of the sorghum bran culture medium in the industrial cultivation of the white flammulina velutipes as claimed in claim 4, wherein: in the step S4, the gradient cooling is performed at a cooling rate of 2-4 ℃ per day.
8. The use of the sorghum bran culture medium in the industrial cultivation of the white flammulina velutipes as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the light intensity of the light suppression in step S4 was 100 Lux.
9. The use of the sorghum bran culture medium in the industrial cultivation of the white flammulina velutipes as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the cultivation bottle is a polypropylene plastic cultivation bottle with the capacity of 1450 ml.
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