CN110876322A

CN110876322A - High-temperature tricholoma giganteum breeding and cultivating process

Info

Publication number: CN110876322A
Application number: CN201911256204.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘叶高; 黄黎红
Original assignee: Sanming Sanzhen Biological S & T Co ltd
Current assignee: Sanming Sanzhen Biological S & T Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-12-10
Filing date: 2019-12-10
Publication date: 2020-03-13

Abstract

The invention discloses a breeding and cultivating process of high-temperature tricholoma matsutake in the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and a cultivating formula and a method process route thereof are as follows: selecting a high-temperature tricholoma matsutake separation part, picking living tissues, inoculating a PDA culture medium, culturing test tube mycelia, extracting pure mycelia (mother seeds), preparing stock seeds and inoculating the stock seeds with mycelia for culturing, preparing cultivated species and inoculating the stock seeds with mycelia for culturing, selecting a cultivation test formula, preparing a cultivation fungus bag and inoculating the cultivation seed mycelia for culturing, opening the bag, covering soil, fruiting, demonstrating, managing and harvesting, and obtaining a new excellent variety. The new variety of the selected Tricholoma matsutake is large in fruiting body, thick in flesh, white in color, crisp in taste, high in yield and good in quality when cultivated in a bag material culture medium such as sawdust and the like in summer and autumn, and the characteristics and fruiting performance of the new variety of the selected Tricholoma matsutake are superior to those of the common Tricholoma matsutake or Tricholoma taiwanense at present and the like.

Description

High-temperature tricholoma giganteum breeding and cultivating process

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, in particular to a breeding and cultivation process of high-temperature tricholoma matsutake.

Background

Tricholoma matsutake is a rare edible fungus, belonging to the genus Tricholoma of Tricholomataceae of Agaricales of Hymenomycetes of Basidiomycotina. At present, reported schizochytrium castaneum (bred by Sanming fungus) in cultivation and high-temperature tricholoma matsutake and the like in the patent belong to the tricholoma genus in classification.

The white or grey white fruiting body, crisp taste and high yield are superior to those of common equivalent varieties, and the inventor discovers that a cluster of wild tricholoma matsutake is separated and cultivated on a grassland in 11 months in 2015 and the cluster of wild tricholoma matsutake is called tricholoma matsutake in Shaxian county.

At present, the commercial edible fungi in China have dozens of varieties, and most varieties are moderate or moderate low or high.

The high-temperature Tricholoma matsutake in Sha county is a high-temperature rare edible fungus suitable for summer cultivation in south China, the temperature range of hypha growth is 15-35 ℃, the temperature range of fruiting body development is 22-34 ℃, and the yield is high and the quality is excellent.

Based on the above, the invention designs a breeding and cultivation process of high-temperature tricholoma matsutake, so as to solve the problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a breeding and cultivating process of high-temperature type tricholoma matsutake, which aims to solve the problems that the edible mushroom varieties which are commercially cultivated in China at present have dozens of varieties, and are mostly medium-temperature or medium-temperature low-temperature or medium-temperature high-temperature type varieties.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a method for cultivating high-temperature type tricholoma matsutake comprises the following steps:

selecting strong and white high-temperature Tricholoma matsutake fruiting body, and sterilizing with alcohol;

picking out living tissues at the combination part of the mushroom cap, the mushroom stem, the mushroom pleat or the mushroom cap and the mushroom stem;

inoculating living tissue of high-temperature Tricholoma matsutake into PDA test tube culture medium, and culturing at 27 deg.C in culture room;

weighing the following components in percentage by weight: uniformly mixing 35-45 parts of cottonseed hulls, 35-45 parts of mixed sawdust, 20-25 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of lime, 1 part of calcium carbonate and 1 part of sugar, bagging and sealing to manufacture a cooked material bag;

sterilizing the cooked material bag;

transferring the sterilized clinker bags into a cooling chamber for cooling, transferring into a sterile inoculation chamber to inoculate culture strains into the clinker bags, transferring the clinker bags inoculated with the culture strains into a culture chamber to culture mycelia at the culture temperature of 24-25 ℃, and culturing in dark light;

when the mycelium of the clinker bags is cultured to be mature, moving the clinker bags to a fruiting chamber, opening the bag openings, covering 2-4cm of burnt soil, spraying water on the burnt soil thoroughly, covering a non-woven fabric, spraying the non-woven fabric, and keeping the humidity of the non-woven fabric for bud promotion;

the chamotte bag is moisturized and bud-promoted for 6-7 days, and hyphae can climb to the surface layer of the chamotte bag burned soil. The fruiting chamber is maintained at 24-30 deg.C, humidity of 85-90%, and carbon dioxide concentration of less than 0.1% until fruiting body of Tricholoma matsutake grows mature and Tricholoma matsutake is picked.

Preferably, the following components are weighed according to weight percentage: 38.5 parts of cottonseed hulls, 38.5 parts of mixed wood chips, 20 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of lime, 1 part of calcium carbonate and 1 part of sugar, and uniformly mixing to prepare a cooked material bag.

Preferably, the length, width and thickness of the fruiting body are respectively 4-8 mm, 1-2 mm and 1-2 mm, and the fruiting body is sterilized by alcohol with concentration of 75% for 3-5 minutes.

Preferably, the living tissue is selected from a combination of a pileus and a stipe.

Preferably, the clinker bags are sterilized at 122 ℃ for 2 hours.

Preferably, the inoculation is carried out by cooling to 28 ℃ in a sterile environment.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the new high-temperature edible fungus cultivation variety is obtained by the cultivation method. The obtained fruiting body is white or grey white, the mushroom stem is thick, the mushroom flesh is thick, the taste is crisp, the taste is sweet, fresh and fragrant, the nutrition is rich, the yield is high, the quality is excellent, and the like.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The method comprises the following steps:

(I) selecting a part for separating fruit body. Taking a plant of collected tricholoma matsutake, selecting a stout and white tricholoma matsutake fruiting body of the collected tricholoma matsutake, disinfecting the tricholoma matsutake fruiting body with alcohol in a clean inoculation box, respectively picking out 3 and 4 blocks of living tissues with large rice grains at 4 positions of a mushroom cap, a mushroom stem, a mushroom fold and a combination part of the mushroom cap and the mushroom stem, respectively inoculating 3 (4 groups of 12) PDA (200 g of potato, 20 g of glucose, 15-20 g of agar, 1000 ml of distilled water and natural pH) test tube culture media, respectively attaching a mark, culturing hyphae in a culture room at 27 ℃, and often observing the growth condition of each group of test tube hyphae;

and (II) selecting pure hyphae. Observing the growth condition of hyphae of the living tissue of the Tricholoma matsutake inoculated into each group when most of the hyphae grow fully in 12 inoculated test tubes (about 7-10 days), and selecting pure hyphae which are stout, pure white, powerful, fast in full tube and free of mixed bacteria as the strain of the fruiting cultivation test. The result shows that the hypha growth of the living tissue of the tricholoma matsutake picked out from the combination part of the pileus and the stipe is obvious and is used as a selected cultivation strain, namely a test tube mother seed of pure hypha;

and (III) selecting a cultivation mode. There are various cultivation methods for edible mushrooms, such as cultivation in outdoor fields, indoor layered bagged materials, piled materials, and raw materials, cooked materials, and fermented materials, which are prepared from rice straws, stalks, bagasse, cottonseed hulls, and miscellaneous wood chips. The mushroom production test selects a grog bag soil-covering cultivation process technology which takes mixed miscellaneous wood chips and cottonseed hulls as main materials. The purpose of selecting such a cultivation method is to be preferably applied to industrial and facility cultivation.

And (IV) selecting a cultivation formula. The high-temperature type tricholoma matsutake fruiting test formula with sawdust and cottonseed hulls as main materials is designed into 6 groups (see table 1), and finally 1 group with the highest yield is selected as the main cultivation formula. The highest yield formula combination was group 2: 38.5% of miscellaneous wood dust, 38.5% of cottonseed hull, 20% of wheat bran, 1% of lime, 1% of calcium carbonate and 1% of sugar.

Table 1 tricholoma matsutake test 6 groups medium formulation (%)

And (V) fruiting test production. The production process of the fruiting test is complex and mainly comprises the following steps: according to the requirements of cultivation conditions, the whole production process flows (similar to the production process of common edible fungi, and the specific details are omitted) such as selection of proper cultivation seasons, cultivation raw materials, proportioning of the culture medium ingredients, mixing of the ingredients, charging, sterilization, cooling, inoculation, hypha cultivation, bag opening and soil covering, fruiting management, harvesting and the like are carried out, and test records are made. Through experiments in 2017 and 2018 for two years, the cultivation method of the high-temperature tricholoma matsutake is basically held.

Taking the fruiting test in 2018 as an example: we inoculated at 3 months and 4 days; culturing the inoculated fungus bags at the temperature of 23-25 ℃ in a strain culture room for 7-10 days until the bags are full of hyphae, and growing most of hyphae in 5 months and 22 days until the bags are full of hyphae (the process from inoculation to hyphae growth is about 75-85 days); the bag is filled with mycelia, and the mycelia are continuously subjected to after-ripening culture (namely, the nutrients of the mycelia are fully accumulated to achieve the purposes of tidy fruiting, high yield and high quality), wherein the process lasts for about 30 days; opening bags and covering soil at 26 days in 6 months, and continuously covering the hyphae on the soil surface at 4 days in 7 months (the process from covering soil to covering the hyphae on the soil surface is about 7 to 9 days); the small mushroom buds of 7-month 12-mouth mushroom begin to form (the process from the soil surface on the hypha to the formation of the mushroom buds is about 8 to 10 days); the harvest is finished from 7 months and 19 days to 22 days (the process from the formation of mushroom buds to the end of the harvest is about 7 to 10 days). Of course, the time from the step of fruiting to the step of harvesting after covering soil has a great influence on the temperature.

And (VI) fruiting test yield. According to the fruiting formula conditions of different tests of 6 groups of tricholoma matsutake, the yield difference is obvious, the highest yield is the group 2, the next group is the group 6 (control), the lowest yield is the group 1 (see table 2), the yield of a single bag is as high as 200 g, and the low yield is 100 g. And weighing and counting the yield after removing the footing impurities every bag.

TABLE 2 Tricholoma matsutake (test group) fruiting yield

Fourth, results and analysis

The method is characterized in that the method obtains the high-temperature edible fungi suitable for being cultivated in summer and autumn in the south of China in high-temperature seasons, and is characterized in that: the hyphae grow robustly and white, the bags are filled quickly, and the fruiting is quick; white or grey white fruiting body, thick mushroom stem, fleshy mushroom flesh, crisp taste, sweet and fresh flavor, rich nutrition, high yield, high quality and the like.

And (II) the success rate of selecting and breeding the tricholoma matsutake is high by adopting a separation method of sporocarp of different parts. Fruiting body living tissues are picked out from 4 different positions of a mushroom cap, a mushroom stem, a mushroom fold and a combination part of the mushroom cap and the mushroom stem and are inoculated into a PDA test tube culture medium to culture hyphae, so that high-quality strains can be separated and observed at one time, and the achievement of cost-saving, efficient and successful separation and breeding is achieved. If the hypha growth of the living tissue of the tricholoma matsutake is observed at different positions, the living tissue picked out from the combining part of the pileus and the stipe of the tricholoma matsutake is basically determined to have the characteristic expressions of thick, white, powerful, full pipe and the like.

And (III) a high-yield and high-quality cultivation formula is easy to select by adopting different matching methods of main cultivation raw materials. The fruiting test method with different proportions of main cultivation raw materials is adopted, so that the fruiting test effect with high yield and high quality can be easily selected. The formula combination which initially obtains the highest yield through 6 groups of cultivation formula tests is as follows: 38.5% of miscellaneous wood dust, 38.5% of cottonseed hull, 20% of wheat bran, 1% of lime, 1% of calcium carbonate and 1% of sugar.

And (IV) different edible fungus varieties have different breeding methods only for the tricholoma matsutake. In addition, the fruiting test formula has different raw materials, even if the raw materials are the same, the yield of different formulas is not the same, and a lot of work is needed for the test research in the aspect.

In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating high-temperature tricholoma matsutake is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting strong and white high-temperature Tricholoma matsutake fruiting body, and sterilizing with alcohol;

(2) picking out living tissues at the combination part of the mushroom cap, the mushroom stem, the mushroom pleat or the mushroom cap and the mushroom stem;

(3) inoculating living tissue of high-temperature Tricholoma matsutake into PDA test tube culture medium, and culturing at 27 deg.C in culture room;

(4) weighing the following components in percentage by weight: uniformly mixing 35-45 parts of cottonseed hulls, 35-45 parts of mixed sawdust, 20-25 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of lime, 1 part of calcium carbonate and 1 part of sugar, bagging and sealing to manufacture a cooked material bag;

(5) sterilizing the cooked material bag;

(6) transferring the sterilized clinker bags into a cooling chamber for cooling, transferring into a sterile inoculation chamber to inoculate culture strains into the clinker bags, transferring the clinker bags inoculated with the culture strains into a culture chamber to culture mycelia at the culture temperature of 24-25 ℃, and culturing in dark light;

(7) when the mycelium of the clinker bags is cultured to be mature, moving the clinker bags to a fruiting chamber, opening the bag openings, covering 2-4cm of burnt soil, spraying water on the burnt soil thoroughly, covering non-woven fabrics, spraying the non-woven fabrics, and keeping the humidity of the non-woven fabrics for bud promotion;

(8) the clinker bag is kept moist and bud-forcing is carried out for 6-7 days, the hypha can climb to the surface layer of the clinker bag burned soil, the fruiting chamber is kept at the temperature of 24-30 ℃, the humidity is 85% -90%, and the concentration of carbon dioxide is lower than 0.1% until the Tricholoma matsutake fruiting bodies grow mature and the Tricholoma matsutake is picked.

2. The method for cultivating a high-temperature type tricholoma matsutake as claimed in claim 1, wherein: weighing the following components in percentage by weight: 38.5 parts of cottonseed hulls, 38.5 parts of mixed wood chips, 20 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of lime, 1 part of calcium carbonate and 1 part of sugar, and uniformly mixing to prepare a cooked material bag.

3. The method for cultivating a high-temperature type tricholoma matsutake as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the length, width and thickness of the fruiting body block in the step (1) are respectively 4-8 mm, 1-2 mm and 1-2 mm, and the fruiting body block is sterilized by alcohol with concentration of 75% for 3-5 minutes.

4. The method for cultivating a high-temperature type tricholoma matsutake as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (2) selecting a combined part of the pileus and the stipe from the living tissue.

5. The method for cultivating a high-temperature type tricholoma matsutake as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (5) sterilizing the cooked material bag at 122 ℃ for 2 hours.

6. The method for cultivating a high-temperature type tricholoma matsutake as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (6) cooling to 28 ℃ in a sterile environment for inoculation.