CN111802172A - Factory cultivation method of pleurotus eryngii - Google Patents
Factory cultivation method of pleurotus eryngii Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/40—Cultivation of spawn
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating pleurotus eryngii in a factory, which comprises six main steps of strain cultivation, fermentation, charging, inoculation, cultivation, cold treatment and fruiting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, in particular to a factory cultivation method of pleurotus eryngii.
Background
After more than 30 years of development and production scale of domestic edible fungi in China reaches more than 18800 million tons in 2009, the domestic edible fungi accounts for more than 70% of the total global production, and the yield and production of the domestic edible fungi are all in the front of the world, so that the domestic edible fungi become the sixth planting industry of China after grains, cotton, oil, vegetables and fruits. The pleurotus eryngii has the advantages that the pleurotus eryngii has thick mushroom flesh, crisp and tender texture, particularly has compact, solid and milky mushroom stem tissues, can be completely eaten, is more crisp, smooth and tasty than mushroom caps, is called as oyster mushroom king and dried oyster mushroom, has pleasant almond fragrance and taste like abalone, is suitable for fresh keeping and processing, is deeply favored by people, but with the continuous increase of market supply, some defects of the pleurotus eryngii are gradually revealed, if the texture of the mushroom stems is loose, the taste is influenced, if the problem of poor mushroom caps exists, and mushroom essence is seriously damaged by the damage to the mushroom caps in the packaging and transportation processes; moreover, due to the poor market circulation, part of the pleurotus eryngii has short storage period and cannot be released, so that the business buying and selling headaches are reduced, and the taste of common people is reduced. Moreover, most of the current edible fungus companies operate a single variety, and when the short-time capacity is excessive or the market dividend disappears, the switching of other varieties to profitable production is difficult to perform on the basis of the existing variety cultivation process mode. The pleurotus eryngii is integrated with the advantages of pleurotus eryngii and lentinus edodes, the largest bacterial strain is screened out on the basis of a distant hybridization technology, and new hybrid varieties developed for a series of filial generations are fresh in taste, hard and solid in texture, full in mushroom cap, storage-resistant and storage-resistant, and have wide market prospects.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the technical defects, the invention provides the pleurotus eryngii factory cultivation method which can be switched on the basis of the existing variety cultivation process modes, realizes cultivation in multiple process modes, avoids excess capacity, has high yield and high quality of the pleurotus eryngii cultivated by the method, is short in cultivation period and greatly saves cultivation cost.
The method for cultivating the pleurotus eryngii in the factory is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, sowing pleurotus eryngii strains and shiitake mushroom strains in a mixing manner to obtain mushrooms, and performing tissue separation, detoxification, purification and rejuvenation on hybrid sporocarp to obtain pure mycelium of pleurotus eryngii;
activating the pure mycelium of the pleurotus eryngii by a flat culture medium, and performing step-by-step expansion culture to obtain a liquid strain of the pleurotus eryngii;
step three, selecting mixed culture materials, stirring and prewetting the mixed culture materials to prepare a culture bag, sterilizing the culture bag at high temperature, cooling the culture bag, and inoculating liquid strains of the pleurotus eryngii;
step four, placing the inoculated cultivation bag into a cultivation room for hypha cultivation, wherein the cultivation time is 22-38 days, the cultivation temperature is 20-24 ℃, and the relative air humidity is 60-70%;
fifthly, transferring the cultivation bag subjected to hypha culture into a refrigerating chamber, wherein the temperature of the refrigerating chamber is 13-15 ℃, the humidity is 90% -100%, and the cold treatment time is 24 hours, and then sending the cultivation bag subjected to cold treatment into a mushroom outlet room;
and step six, fruiting the cultivation bag in the step five in a vertical bed frame fruiting cultivation mode or a net rack fruiting cultivation mode.
Preferably, the culture material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of wood chips, 10-30 parts of corncobs, 10-25 parts of bagasse, 20-25 parts of bran, 4-5 parts of soybean meal, 4-5 parts of corn flour, 1 part of lime and 60-65 parts of water.
Preferably, the high-temperature sterilization temperature in the third step is 120-125 ℃, the sterilization time is 90min, and the inoculation temperature is 23-25 ℃.
Preferably, the weight of the cultivation package is 1200-1400g, and the inoculation amount is 20-30 ml.
Preferably, the mycelium culture in the fourth step is divided into three stages, the stage does not need illumination, the culture room is kept in a dark state, the culture temperature in the first stage is 22-24 ℃, the air relative humidity is 60-65%, the culture temperature in the second stage is 22-24 ℃, the air relative humidity is 65-70%, the culture temperature in the third stage is 20-22 ℃, and the air relative humidity is 60-70%.
Preferably, the first stage culture time is 6-12 days, the second stage culture time is 5-12 days, and the third stage culture time is 8-14 days.
Preferably, the fruiting cultivation mode of the upright bed frame in the fifth step is that the cultivation bag is placed on the upright bed frame and cultivated through a hypha recovery stage, a kink point forming stage, a mushroom bud shaping stage, a mushroom bud induction stage and a mushroom bud growth stage.
Preferably, the temperature of the hypha recovery stage is set to be 16-20 ℃, the humidity is set to be 85-95%, the carbon dioxide concentration is 1000-10000ppm, and the culture time is 3 days; the temperature of the kink point forming stage is set to be 15-19 ℃, the relative humidity of air is set to be 70-90%, the illumination intensity is 200-500lux, and the culture time is 3 days; the temperature of the mushroom bud shaping stage is set to be 14-18 ℃, the relative humidity of air is set to be 60-90%, the concentration of carbon dioxide is 3000-9000ppm, the illumination intensity is 200-500lux, and the culture time is 4 days; the temperature of the mushroom bud induction stage is set between 10 ℃ and 17 ℃ for alternate conversion, the relative humidity of air is 50 percent to 90 percent, the concentration of carbon dioxide is 1000-5000ppm, and blue light and white light with the illumination intensity of 500lux are alternately converted and irradiated for 1 to 4 days until the cap of the pleurotus eryngii is formed; the temperature of the growth stage of the mushroom buds is set to be 10-15 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 70-90%, the concentration of carbon dioxide is 1000-5000ppm, and blue light and white light with the illumination intensity of 500lux are alternately converted and irradiated for 1-4 days until the mushroom buds are shaped and harvested.
Preferably, the net rack fruiting culture mode specifically comprises: placing the cultivation bag on a net rack for fruiting cultivation, wherein the cultivation stage is divided into three stages, the temperature of the first stage is set to be 15-17 ℃, the humidity is set to be 80% -85%, the concentration of carbon dioxide is 5000-; the temperature of the second stage is set to be 14-16 ℃, the humidity is set to be 80-85%, the concentration of carbon dioxide is 2000-4000ppm, the dark state is realized, and the cultivation time is 5 days; the temperature of the third period is set to be 13-15 ℃, the humidity is set to be 80% -95%, the concentration of carbon dioxide is 1000-2000ppm, the dark state is realized, and the cultivation time is 4 days.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with the prior art, the method for cultivating the pleurotus eryngii in the factory provided by the invention has the advantages that the wood chips, the corncobs, the bagasse, the bran, the bean pulp, the corn flour and the lime are selected as the culture medium of the pleurotus eryngii, so that a humid growth environment is provided for the pleurotus eryngii, and rich nitrogen sources and nutrient substances are provided for the growth of the pleurotus eryngii, so that the method has good water retention and moisture retention performances, meets the requirements of the pleurotus eryngii on the growth environment, and provides a solid foundation for the healthy growth of the pleurotus eryngii;
the mycelium culture process is divided into three stages, different temperature and humidity conditions are set for culture in the three stages, and the culture bag is firstly subjected to cold stimulation before being sent into a mushroom producing room, so that the product quality of pleurotus eryngii is improved.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying tables and specific embodiments.
Example 1
A factory cultivation method of pleurotus eryngii comprises the following steps:
step one, sowing pleurotus eryngii strains and shiitake mushroom strains in a mixing manner to obtain mushrooms, and performing tissue separation, detoxification, purification and rejuvenation on hybrid sporocarp to obtain pure mycelium of pleurotus eryngii;
activating the pure mycelium of the pleurotus eryngii by a flat culture medium, and performing step-by-step expansion culture to obtain a liquid strain of the pleurotus eryngii;
step three, selecting a mixed culture material, stirring and pre-wetting the mixed culture material to prepare a cultivation bag, punching the cultivation bag, inserting a hollow plastic rod into the hole, plugging a mushroom cover, sterilizing the cultivation bag at the high temperature of 120 ℃ for 90min, cooling the cultivation bag to 23-25 ℃, and inoculating liquid strains of the pleurotus eryngii with the inoculation amount of 20-30 ml; the culture medium comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of wood chips, 10 parts of corncobs, 10 parts of bagasse, 20 parts of bran, 4 parts of soybean meal, 4 parts of corn flour, 1 part of lime and 60 parts of water;
step four, placing the inoculated cultivation bag into a cultivation room for hypha cultivation, wherein the hypha cultivation is divided into three stages, the stage does not need illumination, the cultivation room is kept in a dark state, the first stage cultivation time is 6 days, the cultivation temperature is 22-24 ℃, and the relative air humidity is 60-65%; the second stage culture time is 5 days, the culture temperature is 22-24 ℃, and the relative air humidity is 65-70%; the third stage culture time is 8 days, the culture temperature is 20-22 ℃, and the relative air humidity is 60-70%;
fifthly, transferring the cultivation bag cultured by the hyphae into a refrigerating chamber, wherein the temperature of the refrigerating chamber is 13-15 ℃, the humidity is 90% -95%, and the cold treatment time is 24 hours, and then pulling out the plastic rods in the cultivation bag subjected to cold treatment and sending the cultivation bag out of a mushroom house;
step six, stacking the cultivation bags obtained in the step five on a vertical bed frame for fruiting cultivation, wherein the fruiting cultivation is divided into a hypha recovery stage, a kink point forming stage, a mushroom bud shaping stage, a mushroom bud induction stage and a mushroom bud growth stage; the temperature of the hypha recovery stage is set to be 16-22 ℃, the humidity is set to be 85-95%, the carbon dioxide concentration is 1000-10000ppm, and the culture time is 3 days; the temperature of the kink point forming stage is set to be 15-19 ℃, the relative humidity of air is set to be 70-90%, the illumination intensity is 200-500lux, and the culture time is 3 days; the temperature of the mushroom bud shaping stage is set to be 14-18 ℃, the relative humidity of air is set to be 60-90%, the concentration of carbon dioxide is 3000-9000ppm, the illumination intensity is 200-500lux, and the culture time is 4 days; the temperature of the mushroom bud induction stage is set between 10 ℃ and 17 ℃ for alternate conversion, the relative humidity of air is 50 percent to 90 percent, the concentration of carbon dioxide is 1000-5000ppm, and blue light and white light with the illumination intensity of 500lux are alternately converted and irradiated for 1 to 4 days until the cap of the pleurotus eryngii is formed; the temperature of the growth stage of the mushroom buds is set to be 10-15 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 70-90%, the concentration of carbon dioxide is 1000-5000ppm, and blue light and white light with the illumination intensity of 500lux are alternately converted and irradiated for 1-4 days until the mushroom buds are shaped and harvested.
Example 2
A factory cultivation method of pleurotus eryngii comprises the following steps:
step one, sowing pleurotus eryngii strains and shiitake mushroom strains in a mixing manner to obtain mushrooms, and performing tissue separation, detoxification, purification and rejuvenation on hybrid sporocarp to obtain pure mycelium of pleurotus eryngii;
activating the pure mycelium of the pleurotus eryngii by a flat culture medium, and performing step-by-step expansion culture to obtain a liquid strain of the pleurotus eryngii;
step three, selecting a mixed culture material, stirring and pre-wetting the mixed culture material to prepare a cultivation bag, punching the cultivation bag, inserting a hollow plastic rod into the hole, plugging a mushroom cover, sterilizing the cultivation bag at the high temperature of 120 ℃ for 90min, cooling the cultivation bag to 23-25 ℃, and inoculating liquid strains of the pleurotus eryngii with the inoculation amount of 20-30 ml; the nutrient comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of wood chips, 30 parts of corncobs, 25 parts of bagasse, 25 parts of bran, 5 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of corn flour, 1 part of lime and 65 parts of water;
step four, placing the inoculated cultivation bag into a cultivation room for hypha cultivation, wherein the hypha cultivation is divided into three stages, the stage does not need illumination, the cultivation room is kept in a dark state, the first stage cultivation time is 12 days, the cultivation temperature is 22-24 ℃, and the relative air humidity is 60-65%; the second stage culture time is 12 days, the culture temperature is 22-24 ℃, and the relative air humidity is 65-70%; the third stage culture time is 14 days, the culture temperature is 20-22 ℃, and the relative air humidity is 60-70%;
fifthly, transferring the cultivation bag cultured by the hyphae into a refrigerating chamber, wherein the temperature of the refrigerating chamber is 13-15 ℃, the humidity is 95% -100%, and the cold treatment time is 24 hours, and then pulling out the plastic rods in the cultivation bag subjected to cold treatment and sending the cultivation bag out of a mushroom house;
placing the cultivation bag obtained in the fifth step on a net rack for fruiting cultivation, wherein the cultivation stage is divided into three stages, the temperature of the first stage is set to be 15-17 ℃, the humidity is set to be 80-85%, the carbon dioxide concentration is 5000-; the temperature of the second stage is set to be 14-16 ℃, the humidity is set to be 80-85%, the concentration of carbon dioxide is 2000-4000ppm, the dark state is realized, and the cultivation time is 5 days; the temperature of the third period is set to be 13-15 ℃, the humidity is set to be 80% -95%, the concentration of carbon dioxide is 1000-2000ppm, the dark state is realized, and the cultivation time is 4 days.
Example 3
A factory cultivation method of pleurotus eryngii comprises the following steps:
step one, sowing pleurotus eryngii strains and shiitake mushroom strains in a mixing manner to obtain mushrooms, and performing tissue separation, detoxification, purification and rejuvenation on hybrid sporocarp to obtain pure mycelium of pleurotus eryngii;
activating the pure mycelium of the pleurotus eryngii by a flat culture medium, and performing step-by-step expansion culture to obtain a liquid strain of the pleurotus eryngii;
step three, selecting a mixed culture material, stirring and pre-wetting the mixed culture material to prepare a cultivation bag, punching the cultivation bag, inserting a hollow plastic rod into the hole, plugging a mushroom cover, sterilizing the cultivation bag at the high temperature of 120 ℃ for 90min, cooling the cultivation bag to 23-25 ℃, and inoculating liquid strains of the pleurotus eryngii with the inoculation amount of 20-30 ml; the nutrient comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of wood chips, 20 parts of corncobs, 20 parts of bagasse, 20 parts of bran, 4.5 parts of soybean meal, 4.5 parts of corn flour, 1 part of lime and 63 parts of water;
step four, placing the inoculated cultivation bag into a cultivation room for hypha cultivation, wherein the hypha cultivation is divided into three stages, the stage does not need illumination, the cultivation room is kept in a dark state, the first stage cultivation time is 10 days, the cultivation temperature is 22-24 ℃, and the relative air humidity is 60-65%; the second stage culture time is 8 days, the culture temperature is 22-24 ℃, and the relative air humidity is 65-70%; the third stage culture time is 12 days, the culture temperature is 20-22 ℃, and the relative air humidity is 60-70%;
fifthly, transferring the cultivation bag cultured by the hyphae into a refrigerating chamber, wherein the temperature of the refrigerating chamber is 13-15 ℃, the humidity is 95% -100%, and the cold treatment time is 24 hours, and then pulling out the plastic rods in the cultivation bag subjected to cold treatment and sending the cultivation bag out of a mushroom house;
step six, stacking the cultivation bags obtained in the step five on a vertical bed frame for fruiting cultivation, wherein the fruiting cultivation is divided into a hypha recovery stage, a kink point forming stage, a mushroom bud shaping stage, a mushroom bud induction stage and a mushroom bud growth stage; the temperature of the hypha recovery stage is set to be 16-22 ℃, the humidity is set to be 85-95%, the carbon dioxide concentration is 1000-10000ppm, and the culture time is 3 days; the temperature of the kink point forming stage is set to be 15-19 ℃, the relative humidity of air is set to be 70-90%, the illumination intensity is 200-500lux, and the culture time is 3 days; the temperature of the mushroom bud shaping stage is set to be 14-18 ℃, the relative humidity of air is set to be 60-90%, the concentration of carbon dioxide is 3000-9000ppm, the illumination intensity is 200-500lux, and the culture time is 4 days; the temperature of the mushroom bud induction stage is set between 10 ℃ and 17 ℃ for alternate conversion, the relative humidity of air is 50 percent to 90 percent, the concentration of carbon dioxide is 1000-5000ppm, and blue light and white light with the illumination intensity of 500lux are alternately converted and irradiated for 4 days until the mushroom cap of the pleurotus eryngii is formed; the temperature of the growth stage of the mushroom buds is set to be 10-15 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 70-90%, the concentration of carbon dioxide is 1000-5000ppm, and blue light and white light with the illumination intensity of 500lux are alternately converted and irradiated for 4 days until the mushroom buds are shaped and harvested.
Example 4
A factory cultivation method of pleurotus eryngii comprises the following steps:
step one, sowing pleurotus eryngii strains and shiitake mushroom strains in a mixing manner to obtain mushrooms, and performing tissue separation, detoxification, purification and rejuvenation on hybrid sporocarp to obtain pure mycelium of pleurotus eryngii;
activating the pure mycelium of the pleurotus eryngii by a flat culture medium, and performing step-by-step expansion culture to obtain a liquid strain of the pleurotus eryngii;
step three, selecting a mixed culture material, adding water, stirring and pre-wetting to prepare a culture bag, punching the culture bag, inserting a hollow plastic rod into the hole, plugging a mushroom cover, sterilizing the culture bag at high temperature, cooling and inoculating liquid strains of the pleurotus eryngii with the inoculation amount of 20-30ml, wherein the weight of the culture bag is 1200 plus 1400 g; the nutrient comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of wood chips, 20 parts of corncobs, 20 parts of bagasse, 20 parts of bran, 4.5 parts of soybean meal, 4.5 parts of corn flour, 1 part of lime and 63 parts of water;
step four, placing the inoculated cultivation bag into a cultivation room for hypha cultivation, wherein the hypha cultivation is divided into three stages, the stage does not need illumination, the cultivation room is kept in a dark state, the first stage cultivation time is 10 days, the cultivation temperature is 22-24 ℃, and the relative air humidity is 60-65%; the second stage culture time is 8 days, the culture temperature is 22-24 ℃, and the relative air humidity is 65-70%; the third stage culture time is 12 days, the culture temperature is 20-22 ℃, and the relative air humidity is 60-70%;
fifthly, transferring the cultivation bag cultured by the hyphae into a refrigerating chamber, wherein the temperature of the refrigerating chamber is 13-15 ℃, the humidity is 60% -80%, and the cold treatment time is 24 hours, and then pulling out the plastic rods in the cultivation bag subjected to cold treatment and sending the cultivation bag out of a mushroom house;
placing the cultivation bag obtained in the fifth step on a net rack for fruiting cultivation, wherein the cultivation stage is divided into three stages, the temperature of the first stage is set to be 15-17 ℃, the humidity is set to be 80-85%, the carbon dioxide concentration is 5000-; the temperature of the second stage is set to be 14-16 ℃, the humidity is set to be 80-85%, the concentration of carbon dioxide is 2000-4000ppm, the dark state is realized, and the cultivation time is 5 days; the temperature of the third period is set to be 13-15 ℃, the humidity is set to be 80% -95%, the concentration of carbon dioxide is 1000-2000ppm, the dark state is realized, and the cultivation time is 4 days.
Comparative example 1
The cultivation conditions were the same as in example 3, except that the cultivation bag was inoculated with Pleurotus eryngii species.
Comparative example 2
The cultivation conditions were the same as in example 4, except that the cultivation bag was inoculated with Pleurotus eryngii species.
The edible mushrooms cultivated in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention were compared, and the results are shown in the following table:
1. comparison test of mushroom bud shape
Selecting edible mushrooms cultivated in each embodiment and comparative embodiment, comparing the shapes of the buds, and evaluating
The results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 comparison table of mushroom bud types
| Index (I) | Example 3 | Example 4 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 |
| Cultivation period (d) | 30 | 30 | 36 | 34 |
| Fruiting period (d) | 18 | 18 | 19 | 19 |
| Single birth (g/bag) | 401.5 | 456.8 | 274.2 | 441.3 |
| Single bag mushroom bud number (one) | 4-5 | 2-3 | 1-2 | 1-3 |
| Mushroom body length (cm) | 5.8 | 13-15 | 7.1 | 17-19 |
| Width of mushroom cap (cm) | 5.5 | 5.5 | 2.7 | 4 |
| Mushroom cap thickness (cm) | 1.5 | 3.5 | 0.9 | 2 |
| Volume weight of mushroom (g/cm)3) | 0.38 | 0.40 | 0.19 | 0.31 |
| Diameter of mushroom body (cm) | 4.1 | 4.0 | 3.1 | 3.7 |
| Color of mushroom cap | Coffee color | Coffee color | Coffee color | Off-white color |
| Mushroom head with thick meat | Is thick and thick | Is thick and thick | Thin sheet | Thin sheet |
| Meat quality of mushroom cap | Ultra hard | Ultra hard | Elasticity | Elasticity |
| Hardness of mushroom body | Ultra hard | Ultra hard | Elasticity | Elasticity |
| Lines of mushroom body | Clear and clear | Clear and clear | Clear and clear | Clear and clear |
| Mushroom pleat | Clear and clear | Clear and clear | Clear and clear | Clear and clear |
As can be seen from the above table, the pleurotus eryngii cultured in the two cultivation modes is uniformly hard and full in mushroom cap, the pleurotus eryngii can only grow in a net rack cultivation mode, the cultivation period and the fruiting period of the pleurotus eryngii which adopts an upright bedstead fruiting cultivation mode are longer than those of the pleurotus eryngii, and the yield of the pleurotus eryngii is lower than that of the pleurotus eryngii.
2. Mouth feel test contrast test
5 kg of each of the edible mushrooms cultured in example 3 and comparative example 1 was selected, stir-fried, and cooled to a taste temperature. 100 persons were randomly selected to evaluate the buying intention of edible mushrooms, and the evaluation results are shown in table 2.
Table 2 taste testing comparison table
| Group of | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 |
| Color and luster | 4.7 | 4.3 |
| Fragrance | 4.5 | 4 |
| Delicate flavour | 4.7 | 4.6 |
| Brittleness | 4.9 | 3 |
| Bitter taste | 1 | 1 |
| Intention to buy | 4.3 | 2 |
Color evaluation criteria: 5-good-looking healthy, 4-transition state, 3-transition state, 2-transition state, 1-bad-looking unhealthy; evaluation criteria for flavor: 5-very fragrant, 4-excessive, 3-excessive, 2-excessive, 1-nausea; umami evaluation criteria: 5-very fragrant, 4-transition state, 3-transition state, 2-transition state, 1-not fresh; criterion for brittleness evaluation: 5-crisp, 4-transition state, 3-transition state, 2-transition state, 1-not crisp; evaluation criteria for bitterness: 5-not bitter, 4-transition, 3-transition, 2-transition, 1-bitter; evaluation criteria of purchase intention: 5-favorite buy, 4-excess, 3-excess, 2-excess, 1-not buy
As can be seen from the above table, the color, delicate flavor, fragrance and brittleness of the pleurotus eryngii are more attractive and cater to the taste of consumers.
3. Preservation storage test
The edible mushrooms cultured in the selected example 3 and the comparative example 1 were packed in 50 bags each, each bag weighed 2 kg, and then placed in a cold storage room at 4-5 ℃ for 7 days, and then taken out and placed at 23 ℃ at room temperature for fruiting body preservation storage experiments, and the evaluation results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 fresh-keeping storage test table
As can be seen from the above table, the Pleurotus eryngii begins to deteriorate at day 9, and the Pleurotus eryngii begins to deteriorate at day 15, which indicates that the Pleurotus eryngii has better preservation performance and market circulation than the Pleurotus eryngii.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various similar representations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A factory cultivation method of pleurotus eryngii is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, sowing pleurotus eryngii strains and shiitake mushroom strains in a mixing manner to obtain mushrooms, and performing tissue separation, detoxification, purification and rejuvenation on hybrid sporocarp to obtain pure mycelium of pleurotus eryngii;
activating the pure mycelium of the pleurotus eryngii by a flat culture medium, and performing step-by-step expansion culture to obtain a liquid strain of the pleurotus eryngii;
step three, selecting mixed culture materials, stirring and prewetting the mixed culture materials to prepare a culture bag, sterilizing the culture bag at high temperature, cooling the culture bag, and inoculating liquid strains of the pleurotus eryngii;
step four, placing the inoculated cultivation bag into a cultivation room for hypha cultivation, wherein the cultivation time is 22-38 days, the cultivation temperature is 20-24 ℃, and the relative air humidity is 60-70%;
fifthly, transferring the cultivation bag subjected to hypha culture into a refrigerating chamber, wherein the temperature of the refrigerating chamber is 13-15 ℃, the humidity is 60% -100%, and the cold treatment time is 24 hours, and then sending the cultivation bag subjected to cold treatment into a mushroom outlet room;
and step six, fruiting the cultivation bag in the step five in a vertical bed frame fruiting cultivation mode or a net rack fruiting cultivation mode.
2. The factory cultivation method of pleurotus eryngii according to claim 1, wherein: the culture material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of wood chips, 10-30 parts of corncobs, 10-25 parts of bagasse, 20-25 parts of bran, 4-5 parts of soybean meal, 4-5 parts of corn flour, 1 part of lime and 60-65 parts of water.
3. The method for factory cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the high temperature sterilization in the third step is 120-.
4. The method for factory cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation bag has a weight of 1200-1400g and an inoculum size of 20-30 ml.
5. The method for factory cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii according to claim 1, wherein the mycelium culture in the fourth step is divided into three stages, which do not require light, the cultivation room is kept dark, the first stage cultivation temperature is 22-24 ℃, the air relative humidity is 60-65%, the second stage cultivation temperature is 22-24 ℃, the air relative humidity is 65-70%, the third stage cultivation temperature is 20-22 ℃, and the air relative humidity is 60-70%.
6. The factory cultivation method of pleurotus eryngii according to claim 5, wherein: the first stage culture time is 6-12 days, the second stage culture time is 5-12 days, and the third stage culture time is 8-14 days.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fruiting cultivation mode of the upright bedstead in the fifth step is to place the cultivation bag on the upright bedstead, and to cultivate the cultivation bag through hypha recovery stage, kink point formation stage, bud shaping stage, bud induction stage and bud growth stage.
8. The factory cultivation method of pleurotus eryngii according to claim 7, wherein: the temperature of the hypha recovery stage is set to be 16-22 ℃, the humidity is set to be 85-95%, the carbon dioxide concentration is 1000-10000ppm, and the culture time is 3 days; the temperature of the kink point forming stage is set to be 15-19 ℃, the relative humidity of air is set to be 70-90%, the illumination intensity is 200-500lux, and the culture time is 3 days; the temperature of the mushroom bud shaping stage is set to be 14-18 ℃, the relative humidity of air is set to be 60-90%, the concentration of carbon dioxide is 3000-9000ppm, the illumination intensity is 200-500lux, and the culture time is 4 days; the temperature of the mushroom bud induction stage is set between 10 ℃ and 17 ℃ for alternate conversion, the relative humidity of air is 50 percent to 90 percent, the concentration of carbon dioxide is 1000-5000ppm, and blue light and white light with the illumination intensity of 500lux are alternately converted and irradiated for 1 to 4 days until the cap of the pleurotus eryngii is formed; the temperature of the growth stage of the mushroom buds is set to be 10-15 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 70-90%, the concentration of carbon dioxide is 1000-5000ppm, and blue light and white light with the illumination intensity of 500lux are alternately converted and irradiated for 1-4 days until the mushroom buds are shaped and harvested.
9. The factory cultivation method of pleurotus eryngii according to claim 1, wherein: the net rack fruiting culture mode in the fifth step specifically comprises the following steps: placing the cultivation bag on a net rack for fruiting cultivation, wherein the cultivation stage is divided into three stages, the temperature of the first stage is set to be 15-17 ℃, the humidity is set to be 80% -85%, the concentration of carbon dioxide is 5000-; the temperature of the second stage is set to be 14-16 ℃, the humidity is set to be 80-85%, the concentration of carbon dioxide is 2000-4000ppm, the dark state is realized, and the cultivation time is 5 days; the temperature of the third period is set to be 13-15 ℃, the humidity is set to be 80-95%, the concentration of carbon dioxide is 1000-2000ppm, the dark state is realized, and the cultivation time is 4 days.
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