CN110946037A - Pleurotus eryngii factory cultivation and breeding method - Google Patents
Pleurotus eryngii factory cultivation and breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110946037A CN110946037A CN201911230757.9A CN201911230757A CN110946037A CN 110946037 A CN110946037 A CN 110946037A CN 201911230757 A CN201911230757 A CN 201911230757A CN 110946037 A CN110946037 A CN 110946037A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/40—Cultivation of spawn
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/06—Processes for producing mutations, e.g. treatment with chemicals or with radiation
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of pleurotus eryngii cultivation and breeding, and discloses a pleurotus eryngii factory cultivation and breeding method, which comprises the following steps: s1: constructing a culture dish: preparing a culture medium, pouring the prepared culture medium into a sealed bottle, sealing, placing the sealed bottle into an autoclave for sterilization, and pouring the culture solution subjected to natural cooling and temperature reduction into a plurality of culture dishes which are sterilized in advance after sterilization is finished; s2: and (3) breeding: uniformly smearing prepared bacterial strain spores in a plurality of culture dishes, and numbering A, B and C; a: blow-drying under aseptic condition to form a bacterial membrane, injecting with nitrogen ion beam, washing with sterile water, diluting, and coating on culture dish. The industrial cultivation and breeding method for pleurotus eryngii can solve the problems that the yield of pleurotus eryngii is low, the quality of pleurotus eryngii is unstable, the pleurotus eryngii is greatly influenced by natural conditions and market needs are difficult to meet in the conventional cultivation method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pleurotus eryngii cultivation and breeding, in particular to a pleurotus eryngii factory cultivation and breeding method.
Background
The total yield and annual output value of edible fungi in China are increased year by year, are the largest world edible fungi production and consumption countries, account for 70 percent of the world annual total yield, and become the fifth crop which is only second to grains, oil, fruits and vegetables in the agricultural field in China.
The pleurotus eryngii is a large fleshy agaricus, is also called pleurotus eryngii, and is a new rare edible mushroom variety which is developed and cultivated successfully in recent years and integrates edible, medicinal and dietary therapy. The pleurotus eryngii is rich in nutrition, is rich in protein, carbohydrate, vitamins and mineral substances such as calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc and the like, can improve the immunologic function of a human body, and has the effects of resisting cancers, reducing blood fat, moistening intestines and stomach, beautifying and the like on the human body. The product has the characteristics of rich nutrition, excellent taste, easy industrial cultivation and the like, is generally popular among domestic and foreign consumers and investors in recent years, and has good development potential. The growth and development of the pleurotus eryngii need nutrient substances such as carbon sources, nitrogen sources, mineral substances, vitamins and the like, the traditional pleurotus eryngii cultivation utilizes the natural environment in winter to cultivate the pleurotus eryngii in a plastic greenhouse, and the method for cultivating the pleurotus eryngii has the defects of low yield, unstable quality, great influence of natural conditions and difficulty in meeting the market requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the pleurotus eryngii factory cultivation and breeding method which has the advantages of high yield, good quality and stability and solves the problems that the yield is low, the quality is unstable, the influence of natural conditions is great and the market needs are difficult to meet in the conventional pleurotus eryngii cultivation.
(II) technical scheme
In order to realize the purposes of high yield, good quality and stability, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a pleurotus eryngii factory cultivation and breeding method comprises the following steps:
s1: constructing a culture dish: preparing a culture medium, pouring the prepared culture medium into a sealed bottle, sealing, placing the sealed bottle into an autoclave for sterilization, and pouring the culture solution subjected to natural cooling and temperature reduction into a plurality of culture dishes which are sterilized in advance after sterilization is finished;
s2: and (3) breeding: uniformly smearing prepared bacterial strain spores in a plurality of culture dishes, and numbering A, B and C;
a: blow-drying under an aseptic condition to form a bacterial membrane, injecting by adopting a nitrogen ion beam, washing the mutagenized bacterial membrane by using sterile water, coating the diluted bacterial membrane on a culture dish, selecting a single strain with good growth to inoculate in the culture dish, and selecting a high-yield strain with stable hereditary character after culture;
no. B: under the aseptic condition, a new strain of edible fungi is bred by a monospore cross breeding technology, the well-grown new strain is inoculated in a culture dish, and a high-yield strain with stable hereditary character is selected after culture;
no. C: in an aseptic state, mutation of a spore gene of the strain is realized by adopting an ultraviolet irradiation mutagenesis method, the mutated strain spore is coated on a culture dish, a single strain with good growth is selected and inoculated in the culture dish, and a high-yield strain with stable hereditary character is selected after culture;
s3: antagonistic selection: mixing and inoculating the three dominant strains selected by the three methods in the step S2 on a culture dish, culturing at a proper temperature, taking out the culture dish after a period of time, observing by naked eyes, and observing according to characteristics such as colony morphology or bacterial suspension, or obtaining dominant strains through microscopic examination;
s4: cultivation: inoculating the dominant strains in the S3 into cultivation bags filled with culture materials, neatly placing the cultivation bags on a cultivation frame, sending the cultivation frame into a temperature-controlled mushroom house, sending the cultivation bags into a mushroom cultivation frame in a mushroom cultivation room after mushroom growth, and sending the cultivation bags into the mushroom growth room until the mushroom growth is finished.
Preferably, in the step S1, the culture medium is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200-300 g of sawdust, 100-150 g of banana puree, 22-35 g of wheat flour, 25-35 g of nutritional additive, 3-5 g of protein and 0.2-0.5 g of yeast powder.
Preferably, in the step S1, the temperature is maintained at 120 to 135 ℃ for 30 to 40min during the sterilization of the autoclave.
Preferably, in the step S2, the data of each group in each culture dish at different time periods are compared all through the table.
Preferably, in the step S3, the suitable temperature is 20 to 23 ℃.
Preferably, in the step S4, the formula of the compost is as follows: 30% of cotton seed hulls, 15% of sawdust, 10% of bagasse, 18% of corncobs, 20% of bran, 5% of corn flour and 2% of calcium carbonate.
Preferably, in the step S4, the cultivation shelf is a double-sided grid, the cultivation bag is directly inserted into the grid, the first layer is 200mm away from the ground, and the row spacing is 1100 mm.
Preferably, in the step S4, the fungus culturing room and the fruiting room are arranged in a one-to-one matching manner, the fungus culturing frame adopts a double-faced grid, the cultivation bag is directly inserted into the grid, the first layer is 200mm away from the ground, and the row spacing is 1000 mm.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a pleurotus eryngii factory cultivation and breeding method, which has the following beneficial effects:
according to the pleurotus eryngii factory cultivation and breeding method, three methods of nitrogen ion, monospore hybridization and ultraviolet irradiation mutagenesis are adopted to breed the strain spores of pleurotus eryngii, an antagonistic selection step is adopted to select dominant high-yield strains with stable hereditary characters, and then factory cultivation is adopted to plant the dominant high-yield strains, so that the pleurotus eryngii is not influenced by natural conditions, is high in yield, good and stable in quality and meets market requirements.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A pleurotus eryngii factory cultivation and breeding method comprises the following steps:
s1: constructing a culture dish: preparing a culture medium, pouring the prepared culture medium into a sealed bottle, sealing, placing the sealed bottle into an autoclave for sterilization, and pouring the culture solution subjected to natural cooling and temperature reduction into a plurality of culture dishes which are sterilized in advance after sterilization is finished;
s2: and (3) breeding: uniformly smearing prepared bacterial strain spores in a plurality of culture dishes, and numbering A, B and C;
a: blow-drying under an aseptic condition to form a bacterial membrane, injecting by adopting a nitrogen ion beam, washing the mutagenized bacterial membrane by using sterile water, coating the diluted bacterial membrane on a culture dish, selecting a single strain with good growth to inoculate in the culture dish, and selecting a high-yield strain with stable hereditary character after culture;
no. B: under the aseptic condition, a new strain of edible fungi is bred by a monospore cross breeding technology, the well-grown new strain is inoculated in a culture dish, and a high-yield strain with stable hereditary character is selected after culture;
no. C: in an aseptic state, mutation of a spore gene of the strain is realized by adopting an ultraviolet irradiation mutagenesis method, the mutated strain spore is coated on a culture dish, a single strain with good growth is selected and inoculated in the culture dish, and a high-yield strain with stable hereditary character is selected after culture;
s3: antagonistic selection: mixing and inoculating the three dominant strains selected by the three methods in the step S2 on a culture dish, culturing at a proper temperature, taking out the culture dish after a period of time, observing by naked eyes, and observing according to characteristics such as colony morphology or bacterial suspension, or obtaining dominant strains through microscopic examination;
s4: cultivation: inoculating the dominant strains in the S3 into cultivation bags filled with culture materials, neatly placing the cultivation bags on a cultivation frame, sending the cultivation frame into a temperature-controlled mushroom house, sending the cultivation bags into a mushroom cultivation frame in a mushroom cultivation room after mushroom growth, and sending the cultivation bags into the mushroom growth room until the mushroom growth is finished.
The method comprises the steps of breeding bacterial strain spores of pleurotus eryngii by three methods of nitrogen ion hybridization, monospore hybridization and ultraviolet irradiation mutagenesis, selecting dominant high-yield bacterial strains with stable hereditary characters by an antagonistic selection step, and planting the dominant high-yield bacterial strains by industrial cultivation, so that the pleurotus eryngii is not influenced by natural conditions, is high in yield, good and stable in quality, and meets market requirements
In the step S1, the culture medium is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 250g of sawdust, 135g of banana puree, 29g of wheat flour, 28g of nutritional additive, 4g of protein and 0.4g of yeast powder.
In step S1, the autoclave is sterilized at 128 ℃ for 35 min.
In step S2, the data of each group in each culture dish at different time periods are recorded and compared through the table.
In the step S3, the suitable temperature is 22 ℃.
In the step S4, the formula of the culture material is as follows: 30% of cotton seed hulls, 15% of sawdust, 10% of bagasse, 18% of corncobs, 20% of bran, 5% of corn flour and 2% of calcium carbonate.
In the step S4, the cultivation shelf adopts double-sided grids, the cultivation bags are directly inserted into the grids, the first layer is 200mm away from the ground, and the row spacing is 1100 mm.
In the step S4, the fungus culturing room and the fruiting room are arranged in a one-to-one matching mode, the fungus culturing frame adopts double-faced grids, the cultivation bags are directly inserted into the grids, the first layer is 200mm away from the ground, and the row spacing is 1000 mm.
According to the pleurotus eryngii factory cultivation and breeding method, three methods of nitrogen ion, monospore hybridization and ultraviolet irradiation mutagenesis are adopted to breed the strain spores of pleurotus eryngii, an antagonistic selection step is adopted to select dominant high-yield strains with stable hereditary characters, and then factory cultivation is adopted to plant the dominant high-yield strains, so that the pleurotus eryngii is not influenced by natural conditions, is high in yield, good and stable in quality and meets market requirements.
It is to be noted that the term "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A pleurotus eryngii factory cultivation and breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: constructing a culture dish: preparing a culture medium, pouring the prepared culture medium into a sealed bottle, sealing, placing the sealed bottle into an autoclave for sterilization, and pouring the culture solution subjected to natural cooling and temperature reduction into a plurality of culture dishes which are sterilized in advance after sterilization is finished;
s2: and (3) breeding: uniformly smearing prepared bacterial strain spores in a plurality of culture dishes, and numbering A, B and C;
a: blow-drying under an aseptic condition to form a bacterial membrane, injecting by adopting a nitrogen ion beam, washing the mutagenized bacterial membrane by using sterile water, coating the diluted bacterial membrane on a culture dish, selecting a single strain with good growth to inoculate in the culture dish, and selecting a high-yield strain with stable hereditary character after culture;
no. B: under the aseptic condition, a new strain of edible fungi is bred by a monospore cross breeding technology, the well-grown new strain is inoculated in a culture dish, and a high-yield strain with stable hereditary character is selected after culture;
no. C: in an aseptic state, mutation of a spore gene of the strain is realized by adopting an ultraviolet irradiation mutagenesis method, the mutated strain spore is coated on a culture dish, a single strain with good growth is selected and inoculated in the culture dish, and a high-yield strain with stable hereditary character is selected after culture;
s3: antagonistic selection: mixing and inoculating the three dominant strains selected by the three methods in the step S2 on a culture dish, culturing at a proper temperature, taking out the culture dish after a period of time, observing by naked eyes, and observing according to characteristics such as colony morphology or bacterial suspension, or obtaining dominant strains through microscopic examination;
s4: cultivation: inoculating the dominant strains in the S3 into cultivation bags filled with culture materials, neatly placing the cultivation bags on a cultivation frame, sending the cultivation frame into a temperature-controlled mushroom house, sending the cultivation bags into a mushroom cultivation frame in a mushroom cultivation room after mushroom growth, and sending the cultivation bags into the mushroom growth room until the mushroom growth is finished.
2. The pleurotus eryngii factory cultivation and breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S1, the culture medium is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200-300 g of sawdust, 100-150 g of banana puree, 22-35 g of wheat flour, 25-35 g of nutritional additive, 3-5 g of protein and 0.2-0.5 g of yeast powder.
3. The pleurotus eryngii factory cultivation and breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and in the step S1, the temperature is maintained at 120-135 ℃ for 30-40min when the autoclave is sterilized.
4. The pleurotus eryngii factory cultivation and breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S2, the data of each group in each culture dish at different time periods are recorded and compared through the table.
5. The pleurotus eryngii factory cultivation and breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S3, the appropriate temperature is 20-23 ℃.
6. The pleurotus eryngii factory cultivation and breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S4, the formula of the compost is as follows: 30% of cotton seed hulls, 15% of sawdust, 10% of bagasse, 18% of corncobs, 20% of bran, 5% of corn flour and 2% of calcium carbonate.
7. The pleurotus eryngii factory cultivation and breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S4, the cultivation shelf adopts double-sided grids, the cultivation bags are directly inserted into the grids, the first layer is 200mm away from the ground, and the row spacing is 1100 mm.
8. The pleurotus eryngii factory cultivation and breeding method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S4, the fungus culturing room and the fruiting room are arranged in a one-to-one matching mode, the fungus culturing frame adopts double-faced grids, the cultivation bags are directly inserted into the grids, the first layer is 200mm away from the ground, and the row spacing is 1000 mm.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112106592A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2020-12-22 | 福建成发农业开发有限公司 | Pleurotus eryngii breeding method |
| CN112106591A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2020-12-22 | 福建成发农业开发有限公司 | Breeding method of excellent pleurotus eryngii |
| CN112106653A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2020-12-22 | 福建成发农业开发有限公司 | Intelligent pleurotus eryngii breeding system and method |
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| CN107034147A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2017-08-11 | 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所 | The selection and cultural method of flat mushroom kind are planted for industrial bottle |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112106592A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2020-12-22 | 福建成发农业开发有限公司 | Pleurotus eryngii breeding method |
| CN112106591A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2020-12-22 | 福建成发农业开发有限公司 | Breeding method of excellent pleurotus eryngii |
| CN112106653A (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2020-12-22 | 福建成发农业开发有限公司 | Intelligent pleurotus eryngii breeding system and method |
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