CN107912229A - A kind of elegant precious mushroom compost and its method for producing elegant precious mushroom - Google Patents
A kind of elegant precious mushroom compost and its method for producing elegant precious mushroom Download PDFInfo
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- CN107912229A CN107912229A CN201711269478.4A CN201711269478A CN107912229A CN 107912229 A CN107912229 A CN 107912229A CN 201711269478 A CN201711269478 A CN 201711269478A CN 107912229 A CN107912229 A CN 107912229A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
Abstract
This application discloses a kind of elegant precious mushroom compost and its method for producing elegant precious mushroom, the elegant precious mushroom compost to be made of following raw materials according：Water, sawdust, shell, calcium carbonate, glucose, sucrose, selenium-enriched earthworm excrement, protein peptides, magnesium sulfate, agar and microorganism；The weight proportion of the raw material is：0.5 1.5 parts of 62 72 parts of water, 10 20 parts of sawdust, 7 17 parts of shell, 0.5 1.5 parts of calcium carbonate, 2 12 parts of glucose, 0.8 1.8 parts of sucrose, 28 38 parts of selenium-enriched earthworm excrement, 3 13 parts of protein peptides, 0.4 1.4 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1 11 parts of agar and microorganism；The microorganism is nostoc.The culture of elegant precious mushroom in the prior art is solved more using sawdust, cotton seed hulls, straw and wheat bran etc., elegant precious mushroom is relatively low to the utilization rate of these matrix, cause elegant precious mushroom slow-growing low with cultivating rate, and then cause the low output of elegant precious mushroom, therefore serious the problem of constraining the production and development of elegant precious mushroom.
Description
Technical field
This application involves edible mushroom culture technique field, more particularly to a kind of compost for improving elegant precious mushroom yield and its training
The method of supporting.
Background technology
Elegant precious mushroom (Pleurotus geesteranus), also known as handle elegant precious mushroom, small mushroom and pleurotus cornucopiae, on taxology
Belong to Eumycota, Basidiomycetes, Agaricales, Pleurotaceae, Pleurotus.The title of elegant precious mushroom derives from TaiWan, China, is business taste
A kind of denseer phoenix-tail mushroom, it is different from common phoenix-tail mushroom, and the mushroom body of elegant precious mushroom is petite, and handle grows 5 centimetres to 6 centimetres,
Bacteria cover diameter is less than 3 centimetres, so being referred to as elegant precious mushroom.Elegant precious mushroom, because form is graceful, fresh and tender clear and melodious, delicious flavour, nutrition are rich
It is rich and obtain the favorable comment of a numerous persons sponging on an aristocrat.With the increasingly raising of people's living standard, consumers in general to pollution-free food increasingly
Favor.
Elegant precious mushroom is rich in protein, fungi polysaccharide, vitamin and various trace elements, not only full of nutrition and have health care
Function.The protein content of elegant precious mushroom is 3 times to 6 times higher than the protein content of general vegetables close to meat.It is elegant precious after measured
Containing protein 3.65%~3.88%, crude fat 1.13%~1.18%, sugar 23.94%~34.87% in mushroom, also containing fibre
Tie up element, mineral matter element etc..In addition, elegant precious mushroom contains Soviet Union's ammonia that human body itself cannot be manufactured and lacked very much in diet
Acid, lysine, leucine etc..The proteoglycan body contained in elegant precious mushroom has cancer cell very strong inhibitory action, can strengthen machine
Body immunity function.Often edible elegant precious mushroom can not only improve human metabolism, adjust vegetative nerve, and to reducing human body blood
Clearing gallbladder sterol, reduce blood pressure, prevent hepatitis, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer etc. from having obvious effect.It can be seen from the above that elegant precious mushroom
It is a kind of high protein and health care's food of low fat.
The culture of elegant precious mushroom is more using sawdust, cotton seed hulls, straw and wheat bran etc. in the prior art, and elegant precious mushroom is to these matrix
Utilization rate it is relatively low, cause elegant precious mushroom slow-growing low with cultivating rate, and then cause the low output of elegant precious mushroom, therefore serious restrict
The production and development of elegant precious mushroom.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the application is a kind of method for providing elegant precious mushroom compost and its producing elegant precious mushroom, solves existing skill
More using sawdust, cotton seed hulls, straw and wheat bran etc., elegant precious mushroom is relatively low to the utilization rate of these matrix for the culture of elegant precious mushroom in art,
Cause the slow-growing cultivating rate of elegant precious mushroom low, and then cause the low output of elegant precious mushroom, therefore the serious production for constraining elegant precious mushroom
The problem of with development.
On the one hand, the application provides a kind of elegant precious mushroom nutriment, is made of following raw materials according：Water, sawdust, shell, calcium carbonate, Portugal
Grape sugar, sucrose, selenium-enriched earthworm excrement, protein peptides, magnesium sulfate, agar and microorganism；The weight proportion of the raw material is：Water 62-72
Part, 10-20 parts of sawdust, 7-17 parts of shell, 0.5-1.5 parts of calcium carbonate, 2-12 parts of glucose, 0.8-1.8 parts of sucrose, selenium-enriched earthworm
0.5-1.5 parts of 28-38 parts of excrement, 3-13 parts of protein peptides, 0.4-1.4 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1-11 parts of agar and microorganism；The microorganism
For nostoc.
Further, the weight proportion of the raw material is：63-71 parts of water, 11-19 parts of sawdust, 8-16 parts of shell, calcium carbonate
0.6-1.4 parts, 3-11 parts of glucose, 0.9-1.7 parts of sucrose, 29-37 parts of selenium-enriched earthworm excrement, 4-12 parts of protein peptides, magnesium sulfate
0.6-1.4 parts of 0.5-1.3 parts, 2-10 parts of agar and microorganism.
Further, the weight proportion of the raw material is：64-70 parts of water, 12-18 parts of sawdust, 9-15 parts of shell, calcium carbonate
0.7-1.3 parts, 4-10 parts of glucose, 1.0-1.6 parts of sucrose, 30-36 parts of selenium-enriched earthworm excrement, 5-11 parts of protein peptides, magnesium sulfate
0.7-1.3 parts of 0.6-1.2 parts, 3-9 parts of agar and microorganism.
Further, the weight proportion of the raw material is：65-69 parts of water, 13-17 parts of sawdust, 10-14 parts of shell, carbonic acid
0.8-1.2 parts of calcium, 5-9 parts of glucose, 1.1-1.5 parts of sucrose, 31-35 parts of selenium-enriched earthworm excrement, 6-10 parts of protein peptides, magnesium sulfate
0.8-1.2 parts of 0.7-1.1 parts, 4-8 parts of agar and microorganism.
Further, the weight proportion of the raw material is：66-68 parts of water, 14-16 parts of sawdust, 11-13 parts of shell, carbonic acid
0.9-1.1 parts of calcium, 6-8 parts of glucose, 1.2-1.4 parts of sucrose, 32-34 parts of selenium-enriched earthworm excrement, 7-9 parts of protein peptides, magnesium sulfate
0.9-1.1 parts of 0.8-1.0 parts, 5-7 parts of agar and microorganism.
On the other hand, this application provides a kind of method for producing elegant precious mushroom, include the following steps：
Step S1：The selection of strain：Select snow-white mycelia, robust growth, of the right age and without disease pest pollution excellent elegant treasure
Mushroom strains；
Step S2：The preparation of elegant precious mushroom compost：Weighed respectively according to a kind of above-mentioned elegant precious mushroom compost proportioning,
It is mixed and stirred for uniformly, pH value being adjusted to 7.5；
Step S3：Pack：Bacterium bag selects the high density low pressure pocket of 20 centimetres of 17 cm x 30 cm x, per it is packed enter 1.8
Kilogram sterilizing after elegant precious mushroom compost, obtain elegant precious mushroom culture material bag；
Step S4：Sterilizing：Elegant precious mushroom culture material bag after being packed in step S3 is put into autoclave and is sterilized, it is spare；
Step S5：Inoculation：When elegant precious mushroom culture material bag temperature is down to 27 DEG C after step S4 sterilizings, elegant precious mushroom strain is connect
Into the elegant precious mushroom compost band；
Step S6：Cultural hypha：The elegant precious mushroom culture material bag that strain is accessed in step S5 is placed in culturing room and is cultivated, is trained
Temperature setting is supported at 24 DEG C, it is 65% to keep culture indoor air relative humidity, and incubation time is 45 days；
Step S7：Management of producing mushroom：After cultural hypha, after the elegant precious mushroom culture material bag in step S6 is sent into disinfection
Mushroom house, the temperature of mushroom house is 25 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 93% in mushroom house；Add scattering light irradiation, promote mushroom flower bud to be formed；
Step S8：Harvesting：Elegant precious mushroom is produced to fruiting harvesting from mushroom flower bud needs 6-10 days, when cap length is to 2-3 centimetres, bacterium
Lid color is gradually thin out, and cap edge is rolled, and is harvested before spore ejection.
Further, the sterilizing pot temperature is 120 DEG C.
Further, when the sterilization time is 3 small.
Further, it is characterised in that the bacterium bag uses the Polythene Bag of high density low pressure.
From above technical method, this application provides a kind of elegant precious mushroom compost and its method for producing elegant precious mushroom,
It is used in mixed way by plurality of raw materials and elegant precious mushroom compost is made, and elegant precious mushroom is produced through the above method, is solved in the prior art
More using sawdust, cotton seed hulls, straw and wheat bran etc., elegant precious mushroom is relatively low to the utilization rate of these matrix, causes for the culture of elegant precious mushroom
Elegant precious mushroom is slow-growing low with cultivating rate, and then causes the low output of elegant precious mushroom, thus the serious production for constraining elegant precious mushroom with
The problem of development.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly of the technical solution of the application, letter will be made to attached drawing needed in the embodiment below
Singly introduce, it should be apparent that, for those of ordinary skills, without having to pay creative labor,
Other attached drawings can also be obtained according to these attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of method flow diagram for producing elegant precious mushroom that the application provides.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, clear, complete description is carried out to the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention,
Obviously, described embodiment is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based in the present invention
Embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art's all other embodiments obtained without making creative work, all
Belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
On the one hand, the application provides a kind of elegant precious mushroom nutriment, is made of following raw materials according：Water, sawdust, shell, calcium carbonate, Portugal
Grape sugar, sucrose, selenium-enriched earthworm excrement, protein peptides, magnesium sulfate, agar and microorganism；The weight proportion of the raw material is：Water 62-72
Part, 10-20 parts of sawdust, 7-17 parts of shell, 0.5-1.5 parts of calcium carbonate, 2-12 parts of glucose, 0.8-1.8 parts of sucrose, selenium-enriched earthworm
0.5-1.5 parts of 28-38 parts of excrement, 3-13 parts of protein peptides, 0.4-1.4 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1-11 parts of agar and microorganism；The microorganism
For nostoc.
Further, the weight proportion of the raw material is：63-71 parts of water, 11-19 parts of sawdust, 8-16 parts of shell, calcium carbonate
0.6-1.4 parts, 3-11 parts of glucose, 0.9-1.7 parts of sucrose, 29-37 parts of selenium-enriched earthworm excrement, 4-12 parts of protein peptides, magnesium sulfate
0.6-1.4 parts of 0.5-1.3 parts, 2-10 parts of agar and microorganism.
Further, the weight proportion of the raw material is：64-70 parts of water, 12-18 parts of sawdust, 9-15 parts of shell, calcium carbonate
0.7-1.3 parts, 4-10 parts of glucose, 1.0-1.6 parts of sucrose, 30-36 parts of selenium-enriched earthworm excrement, 5-11 parts of protein peptides, magnesium sulfate
0.7-1.3 parts of 0.6-1.2 parts, 3-9 parts of agar and microorganism.
Further, the weight proportion of the raw material is：65-69 parts of water, 13-17 parts of sawdust, 10-14 parts of shell, carbonic acid
0.8-1.2 parts of calcium, 5-9 parts of glucose, 1.1-1.5 parts of sucrose, 31-35 parts of selenium-enriched earthworm excrement, 6-10 parts of protein peptides, magnesium sulfate
0.8-1.2 parts of 0.7-1.1 parts, 4-8 parts of agar and microorganism.
Further, the weight proportion of the raw material is：66-68 parts of water, 14-16 parts of sawdust, 11-13 parts of shell, carbonic acid
0.9-1.1 parts of calcium, 6-8 parts of glucose, 1.2-1.4 parts of sucrose, 32-34 parts of selenium-enriched earthworm excrement, 7-9 parts of protein peptides, magnesium sulfate
0.9-1.1 parts of 0.8-1.0 parts, 5-7 parts of agar and microorganism.
On the other hand, this application provides a kind of method for producing elegant precious mushroom, include the following steps：
Step S1：The selection of strain：Select snow-white mycelia, robust growth, of the right age and without disease pest pollution excellent elegant treasure
Mushroom strains；
Step S2：The preparation of elegant precious mushroom compost：Claimed respectively according to a kind of proportioning of above-mentioned elegant precious mushroom compost
Amount, is mixed and stirred for uniformly, pH value being adjusted to 7.5；
Step S3：Pack：Bacterium bag selects the high density low pressure pocket of 20 centimetres of 17 cm x 30 cm x, per it is packed enter 1.8
Kilogram sterilizing after elegant precious mushroom compost, obtain elegant precious mushroom culture material bag；
Step S4：Sterilizing：Elegant precious mushroom culture material bag after being packed in step S3 is put into autoclave and is sterilized, it is spare；
Step S5：Inoculation：When elegant precious mushroom culture material bag temperature is down to 27 DEG C after step S4 sterilizings, elegant precious mushroom strain is connect
Into the elegant precious mushroom compost band；
Step S6：Cultural hypha：The elegant precious mushroom culture material bag that strain is accessed in step S5 is placed in culturing room and is cultivated, is trained
Temperature setting is supported at 24 DEG C, it is 65% to keep culture indoor air relative humidity, and incubation time is 45 days；
Step S7：Management of producing mushroom：After cultural hypha, after the elegant precious mushroom culture material bag in step S6 is sent into disinfection
Mushroom house, the temperature of mushroom house is 25 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 93% in mushroom house；Add scattering light irradiation, promote mushroom flower bud to be formed；
Embodiment one：
A kind of elegant precious mushroom compost, is made of following raw materials according：Water, sawdust, shell, calcium carbonate, glucose, sucrose, selenium-rich
Wormcast, protein peptides, magnesium sulfate, agar and microorganism；The weight proportion of the raw material is：62 parts of water, 10 parts of sawdust, shell 7
Part, 0.5 part of calcium carbonate, 2 parts of glucose, 0.8 part of sucrose, 28 parts of selenium-enriched earthworm excrement, 3 parts of protein peptides, 0.4 part of magnesium sulfate, agar 1
0.5 part of part and microorganism；
Step S1：The selection of strain：Select snow-white mycelia, robust growth, of the right age and without disease pest pollution excellent elegant treasure
Mushroom strains；
Step S2：The preparation of elegant precious mushroom compost：Claimed respectively according to a kind of proportioning of above-mentioned elegant precious mushroom compost
Amount, is mixed and stirred for uniformly, pH value being adjusted to 7.5；
Step S3：Pack：Bacterium bag selects the high density low pressure polyethylene bags of 20 centimetres of 17 cm x, 30 cm x, per packed
Enter the elegant precious mushroom compost after 1.8 kilograms of sterilizings, obtain elegant precious mushroom culture material bag；
Step S4：Sterilizing：Elegant precious mushroom culture material bag after being packed in step S3 is put into autoclave and is sterilized, sterilising temp
For 120 DEG C, when sterilization time is 3 small；It is spare；
Step S5：Inoculation：When elegant precious mushroom culture material bag temperature is down to 27 DEG C after step S4 sterilizings, elegant precious mushroom strain is connect
Into the elegant precious mushroom compost band；
Step S6：Cultural hypha：The elegant precious mushroom culture material bag that strain is accessed in step S5 is placed in culturing room and is cultivated, is trained
Temperature setting is supported at 24 DEG C, it is 65% to keep culture indoor air relative humidity, and incubation time is 45 days；
Step S7：Management of producing mushroom：After cultural hypha, after the elegant precious mushroom culture material bag in step S6 is sent into disinfection
Mushroom house, the temperature of mushroom house is 25 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 93% in mushroom house；Add scattering light irradiation, promote mushroom flower bud to be formed；
Step S8：Harvesting：Elegant precious mushroom is produced to fruiting harvesting from mushroom flower bud needs 6-10 days, when cap length is to 2-3 centimetres, bacterium
Lid color is gradually thin out, and cap edge is rolled, and is harvested before spore ejection.
Embodiment two：
A kind of elegant precious mushroom compost, is made of following raw materials according：Water, sawdust, shell, calcium carbonate, glucose, sucrose, selenium-rich
Wormcast, protein peptides, magnesium sulfate, agar and microorganism；The weight proportion of the raw material is as follows：63 parts of water, 11 parts of sawdust, shell
8 parts, 0.6 part of calcium carbonate, 3 parts of glucose, 0.9 part of sucrose, 29 parts of selenium-enriched earthworm excrement, 4 parts of protein peptides, 0.5 part of magnesium sulfate, agar
2 parts and 0.6 part of microorganism；
Step S1：The selection of strain：Select snow-white mycelia, robust growth, of the right age and without disease pest pollution excellent elegant treasure
Mushroom strains；
Step S2：The preparation of elegant precious mushroom compost：Claimed respectively according to a kind of proportioning of above-mentioned elegant precious mushroom compost
Amount, is mixed and stirred for uniformly, pH value being adjusted to 7.5；
Step S3：Pack：Bacterium bag selects the high density low pressure polyethylene bags of 20 centimetres of 17 cm x, 30 cm x, per packed
Enter the elegant precious mushroom compost after 1.8 kilograms of sterilizings, obtain elegant precious mushroom culture material bag；
Step S4：Sterilizing：Elegant precious mushroom culture material bag after being packed in step S3 is put into autoclave and is sterilized, sterilize pot temperature
Spend for 120 DEG C, when sterilization time is 3 small；It is spare；
Step S5：Inoculation：When elegant precious mushroom culture material bag temperature is down to 27 DEG C after step S4 sterilizings, elegant precious mushroom strain is connect
Into the elegant precious mushroom compost band；
Step S6：Cultural hypha：The elegant precious mushroom culture material bag that strain is accessed in step S5 is placed in culturing room and is cultivated, is trained
Temperature setting is supported at 24 DEG C, it is 65% to keep culture indoor air relative humidity, and incubation time is 45 days；
Step S7：Management of producing mushroom：After cultural hypha, after the elegant precious mushroom culture material bag in step S6 is sent into disinfection
Mushroom house, the temperature of mushroom house is 25 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 93% in mushroom house；Add scattering light irradiation, promote mushroom flower bud to be formed；
Step S8：Harvesting：Elegant precious mushroom is produced to fruiting harvesting from mushroom flower bud needs 6-10 days, when cap length is to 2-3 centimetres, bacterium
Lid color is gradually thin out, and cap edge is rolled, and is harvested before spore ejection.
Embodiment three：
A kind of elegant precious mushroom compost, is made of following raw materials according：Water, sawdust, shell, calcium carbonate, glucose, sucrose, selenium-rich
Wormcast, protein peptides, magnesium sulfate, agar and microorganism；The weight proportion of the raw material is as follows：64 parts of water, 12 parts of sawdust, shell
9 parts, 0.7 part of calcium carbonate, 4 parts of glucose, 1 part of sucrose, 30 parts of selenium-enriched earthworm excrement, 5 parts of protein peptides, 0.6 part of magnesium sulfate, agar 3
0.7 part of part and microorganism；
Step S1：The selection of strain：Select snow-white mycelia, robust growth, of the right age and without disease pest pollution excellent elegant treasure
Mushroom strains；
Step S2：The preparation of elegant precious mushroom compost：Claimed respectively according to a kind of proportioning of above-mentioned elegant precious mushroom compost
Amount, is mixed and stirred for uniformly, pH value being adjusted to 7.5；
Step S3：Pack：Bacterium bag selects the high density low pressure polyethylene bags of 20 centimetres of 17 cm x, 30 cm x, per packed
Enter the elegant precious mushroom compost after 1.8 kilograms of sterilizings, obtain elegant precious mushroom culture material bag；
Step S4：Sterilizing：Elegant precious mushroom culture material bag after being packed in step S3 is put into autoclave and is sterilized, sterilize pot temperature
Spend for 120 DEG C, when sterilization time is 3 small；It is spare；
Step S5：Inoculation：When elegant precious mushroom culture material bag temperature is down to 27 DEG C after step S4 sterilizings, elegant precious mushroom strain is connect
Into the elegant precious mushroom compost band；
Step S6：Cultural hypha：The elegant precious mushroom culture material bag that strain is accessed in step S5 is placed in culturing room and is cultivated, is trained
Temperature setting is supported at 24 DEG C, it is 65% to keep culture indoor air relative humidity, and incubation time is 45 days；
Step S7：Management of producing mushroom：After cultural hypha, after the elegant precious mushroom culture material bag in step S6 is sent into disinfection
Mushroom house, the temperature of mushroom house is 25 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 93% in mushroom house；Add scattering light irradiation, promote mushroom flower bud to be formed；
Step S8：Harvesting：Elegant precious mushroom is produced to fruiting harvesting from mushroom flower bud needs 6-10 days, when cap length is to 2-3 centimetres, bacterium
Lid color is gradually thin out, and cap edge is rolled, and is harvested before spore ejection.
Example IV：
A kind of elegant precious mushroom compost, is made of following raw materials according：Water, sawdust, shell, calcium carbonate, glucose, sucrose, selenium-rich
Wormcast, protein peptides, magnesium sulfate, agar and microorganism；The weight proportion of the raw material is as follows：65 parts of water, 13 parts of sawdust, shell
10 parts, 0.8 part of calcium carbonate, 5 parts of glucose, 1.1 parts of sucrose, 31 parts of selenium-enriched earthworm excrement, 6 parts of protein peptides, 0.7 part of magnesium sulfate, fine jade
0.8 part of 4 parts of fat and microorganism；
Step S1：The selection of strain：Select snow-white mycelia, robust growth, of the right age and without disease pest pollution excellent elegant treasure
Mushroom strains；
Step S2：The preparation of elegant precious mushroom compost：Claimed respectively according to a kind of proportioning of above-mentioned elegant precious mushroom compost
Amount, is mixed and stirred for uniformly, pH value being adjusted to 7.5；
Step S3：Pack：Bacterium bag selects the high density low pressure polyethylene bags of 20 centimetres of 17 cm x, 30 cm x, per packed
Enter the elegant precious mushroom compost after 1.8 kilograms of sterilizings, obtain elegant precious mushroom culture material bag；
Step S4：Sterilizing：Elegant precious mushroom culture material bag after being packed in step S3 is put into autoclave and is sterilized, sterilize pot temperature
Spend for 120 DEG C, when sterilization time is 3 small；It is spare；
Step S5：Inoculation：When elegant precious mushroom culture material bag temperature is down to 27 DEG C after step S4 sterilizings, elegant precious mushroom strain is connect
Into the elegant precious mushroom compost band；
Step S6：Cultural hypha：The elegant precious mushroom culture material bag that strain is accessed in step S5 is placed in culturing room and is cultivated, is trained
Temperature setting is supported at 24 DEG C, it is 65% to keep culture indoor air relative humidity, and incubation time is 45 days；
Step S7：Management of producing mushroom：After cultural hypha, after the elegant precious mushroom culture material bag in step S6 is sent into disinfection
Mushroom house, the temperature of mushroom house is 25 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 93% in mushroom house；Add scattering light irradiation, promote mushroom flower bud to be formed；
Step S8：Harvesting：Elegant precious mushroom is produced to fruiting harvesting from mushroom flower bud needs 6-10 days, when cap length is to 2-3 centimetres, bacterium
Lid color is gradually thin out, and cap edge is rolled, and is harvested before spore ejection.
Embodiment five：
A kind of elegant precious mushroom compost, is made of following raw materials according：Water, sawdust, shell, calcium carbonate, glucose, sucrose, selenium-rich
Wormcast, protein peptides, magnesium sulfate, agar and microorganism；The weight proportion of the raw material is as follows：66 parts of water, 14 parts of sawdust, shell
11 parts, 0.9 part of calcium carbonate, 6 parts of glucose, 1.2 parts of sucrose, 32 parts of selenium-enriched earthworm excrement, 7 parts of protein peptides, 0.8 part of magnesium sulfate, fine jade
0.9 part of 5 parts of fat and microorganism；
Step S1：The selection of strain：Select snow-white mycelia, robust growth, of the right age and without disease pest pollution excellent elegant treasure
Mushroom strains；
Step S2：The preparation of elegant precious mushroom compost：Claimed respectively according to a kind of proportioning of above-mentioned elegant precious mushroom compost
Amount, is mixed and stirred for uniformly, pH value being adjusted to 7.5；
Step S3：Pack：Bacterium bag selects the high density low pressure polyethylene bags of 20 centimetres of 17 cm x, 30 cm x, per packed
Enter the elegant precious mushroom compost after 1.8 kilograms of sterilizings, obtain elegant precious mushroom culture material bag；
Step S4：Sterilizing：Elegant precious mushroom culture material bag after being packed in step S3 is put into autoclave and is sterilized, sterilize pot temperature
Spend for 120 DEG C, when sterilization time is 3 small；It is spare；
Step S5：Inoculation：When elegant precious mushroom culture material bag temperature is down to 27 DEG C after step S4 sterilizings, elegant precious mushroom strain is connect
Into the elegant precious mushroom compost band；
Step S6：Cultural hypha：The elegant precious mushroom culture material bag that strain is accessed in step S5 is placed in culturing room and is cultivated, is trained
Temperature setting is supported at 24 DEG C, it is 65% to keep culture indoor air relative humidity, and incubation time is 45 days；
Step S7：Management of producing mushroom：After cultural hypha, after the elegant precious mushroom culture material bag in step S6 is sent into disinfection
Mushroom house, the temperature of mushroom house is 25 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 93% in mushroom house；Add scattering light irradiation, promote mushroom flower bud to be formed；
Step S8：Harvesting：Elegant precious mushroom is produced to fruiting harvesting from mushroom flower bud needs 6-10 days, when cap length is to 2-3 centimetres, bacterium
Lid color is gradually thin out, and cap edge is rolled, and is harvested before spore ejection.
Embodiment six：
A kind of elegant precious mushroom compost, is made of following raw materials according：Water, sawdust, shell, calcium carbonate, glucose, sucrose, selenium-rich
Wormcast, protein peptides, magnesium sulfate, agar and microorganism；The weight proportion of the raw material is as follows：67 parts of water, 15 parts of sawdust, shell
12 parts, 1 part of calcium carbonate, 7 parts of glucose, 1.3 parts of sucrose, 33 parts of selenium-enriched earthworm excrement, 8 parts of protein peptides, 0.9 part of magnesium sulfate, agar 6
1 part of part and microorganism；
Step S1：The selection of strain：Select snow-white mycelia, robust growth, of the right age and without disease pest pollution excellent elegant treasure
Mushroom strains；
Step S2：The preparation of elegant precious mushroom compost：Claimed respectively according to a kind of proportioning of above-mentioned elegant precious mushroom compost
Amount, is mixed and stirred for uniformly, pH value being adjusted to 7.5；
Step S3：Pack：Bacterium bag selects the high density low pressure polyethylene bags of 20 centimetres of 17 cm x, 30 cm x, per packed
Enter the elegant precious mushroom compost after 1.8 kilograms of sterilizings, obtain elegant precious mushroom culture material bag；
Step S4：Sterilizing：Elegant precious mushroom culture material bag after being packed in step S3 is put into autoclave and is sterilized, sterilize pot temperature
Spend for 120 DEG C, when sterilization time is 3 small；It is spare；
Step S5：Inoculation：When elegant precious mushroom culture material bag temperature is down to 27 DEG C after step S4 sterilizings, elegant precious mushroom strain is connect
Into the elegant precious mushroom compost band；
Step S6：Cultural hypha：The elegant precious mushroom culture material bag that strain is accessed in step S5 is placed in culturing room and is cultivated, is trained
Temperature setting is supported at 24 DEG C, it is 65% to keep culture indoor air relative humidity, and incubation time is 45 days；
Step S7：Management of producing mushroom：After cultural hypha, after the elegant precious mushroom culture material bag in step S6 is sent into disinfection
Mushroom house, the temperature of mushroom house is 25 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 93% in mushroom house；Add scattering light irradiation, promote mushroom flower bud to be formed；
Step S8：Harvesting：Elegant precious mushroom is produced to fruiting harvesting from mushroom flower bud needs 6-10 days, when cap length is to 2-3 centimetres, bacterium
Lid color is gradually thin out, and cap edge is rolled, and is harvested before spore ejection.
Embodiment seven：
A kind of elegant precious mushroom compost, is made of following raw materials according：Water, sawdust, shell, calcium carbonate, glucose, sucrose, selenium-rich
Wormcast, protein peptides, magnesium sulfate, agar and microorganism；The weight proportion of the raw material is as follows：68 parts of water, 16 parts of sawdust, shell
13 parts, 1.1 parts of calcium carbonate, 8 parts of glucose, 1.4 parts of sucrose, 34 parts of selenium-enriched earthworm excrement, 9 parts of protein peptides, 1 part of magnesium sulfate, agar 7
1.1 parts of part and microorganism；
Step S1：The selection of strain：Select snow-white mycelia, robust growth, of the right age and without disease pest pollution excellent elegant treasure
Mushroom strains；
Step S2：The preparation of elegant precious mushroom compost：Claimed respectively according to a kind of proportioning of above-mentioned elegant precious mushroom compost
Amount, is mixed and stirred for uniformly, pH value being adjusted to 7.5；
Step S3：Pack：Bacterium bag selects the high density low pressure polyethylene bags of 20 centimetres of 17 cm x, 30 cm x, per packed
Enter the elegant precious mushroom compost after 1.8 kilograms of sterilizings, obtain elegant precious mushroom culture material bag；
Step S4：Sterilizing：Elegant precious mushroom culture material bag after being packed in step S3 is put into autoclave and is sterilized, sterilize pot temperature
Spend for 120 DEG C, when sterilization time is 3 small；It is spare；
Step S5：Inoculation：When elegant precious mushroom culture material bag temperature is down to 27 DEG C after step S4 sterilizings, elegant precious mushroom strain is connect
Into the elegant precious mushroom compost band；
Step S6：Cultural hypha：The elegant precious mushroom culture material bag that strain is accessed in step S5 is placed in culturing room and is cultivated, is trained
Temperature setting is supported at 24 DEG C, it is 65% to keep culture indoor air relative humidity, and incubation time is 45 days；
Step S7：Management of producing mushroom：After cultural hypha, after the elegant precious mushroom culture material bag in step S6 is sent into disinfection
Mushroom house, the temperature of mushroom house is 25 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 93% in mushroom house；Add scattering light irradiation, promote mushroom flower bud to be formed；
Step S8：Harvesting：Elegant precious mushroom is produced to fruiting harvesting from mushroom flower bud needs 6-10 days, when cap length is to 2-3 centimetres, bacterium
Lid color is gradually thin out, and cap edge is rolled, and is harvested before spore ejection.
Embodiment eight：
A kind of elegant precious mushroom compost, is made of following raw materials according：Water, sawdust, shell, calcium carbonate, glucose, sucrose, selenium-rich
Wormcast, protein peptides, magnesium sulfate, agar and microorganism；The weight proportion of the raw material is as follows：69 parts of water, 17 parts of sawdust, shell
14 parts, 1.2 parts of calcium carbonate, 9 parts of glucose, 1.5 parts of sucrose, 35 parts of selenium-enriched earthworm excrement, 10 parts of protein peptides, 1.1 parts of magnesium sulfate, fine jade
1.2 parts of 8 parts of fat and microorganism；
Step S1：The selection of strain：Select snow-white mycelia, robust growth, of the right age and without disease pest pollution excellent elegant treasure
Mushroom strains；
Step S2：The preparation of elegant precious mushroom compost：Claimed respectively according to a kind of proportioning of above-mentioned elegant precious mushroom compost
Amount, is mixed and stirred for uniformly, pH value being adjusted to 7.5；
Step S3：Pack：Bacterium bag selects the high density low pressure polyethylene bags of 20 centimetres of 17 cm x, 30 cm x, per packed
Enter the elegant precious mushroom compost after 1.8 kilograms of sterilizings, obtain elegant precious mushroom culture material bag；
Step S4：Sterilizing：Elegant precious mushroom culture material bag after being packed in step S3 is put into autoclave and is sterilized, sterilize pot temperature
Spend for 120 DEG C, when sterilization time is 3 small；It is spare；
Step S5：Inoculation：When elegant precious mushroom culture material bag temperature is down to 27 DEG C after step S4 sterilizings, elegant precious mushroom strain is connect
Into the elegant precious mushroom compost band；
Step S6：Cultural hypha：The elegant precious mushroom culture material bag that strain is accessed in step S5 is placed in culturing room and is cultivated, is trained
Temperature setting is supported at 24 DEG C, it is 65% to keep culture indoor air relative humidity, and incubation time is 45 days；
Step S7：Management of producing mushroom：After cultural hypha, after the elegant precious mushroom culture material bag in step S6 is sent into disinfection
Mushroom house, the temperature of mushroom house is 25 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 93% in mushroom house；Add scattering light irradiation, promote mushroom flower bud to be formed；
Step S8：Harvesting：Elegant precious mushroom is produced to fruiting harvesting from mushroom flower bud needs 6-10 days, when cap length is to 2-3 centimetres, bacterium
Lid color is gradually thin out, and cap edge is rolled, and is harvested before spore ejection.
Embodiment nine：
A kind of elegant precious mushroom compost, is made of following raw materials according：Water, sawdust, shell, calcium carbonate, glucose, sucrose, selenium-rich
Wormcast, protein peptides, magnesium sulfate, agar and microorganism；The weight proportion of the raw material is as follows：70 parts of water, 18 parts of sawdust, shell
15 parts, 1.3 parts of calcium carbonate, 10 parts of glucose, 1.6 parts of sucrose, 36 parts of selenium-enriched earthworm excrement, 11 parts of protein peptides, 1.2 parts of magnesium sulfate,
1.3 parts of 9 parts of agar and microorganism；
Step S1：The selection of strain：Select snow-white mycelia, robust growth, of the right age and without disease pest pollution excellent elegant treasure
Mushroom strains；
Step S2：The preparation of elegant precious mushroom compost：Claimed respectively according to a kind of proportioning of above-mentioned elegant precious mushroom compost
Amount, is mixed and stirred for uniformly, pH value being adjusted to 7.5；
Step S3：Pack：Bacterium bag selects the high density low pressure polyethylene bags of 20 centimetres of 17 cm x, 30 cm x, per packed
Enter the elegant precious mushroom compost after 1.8 kilograms of sterilizings, obtain elegant precious mushroom culture material bag；
Step S4：Sterilizing：Elegant precious mushroom culture material bag after being packed in step S3 is put into autoclave and is sterilized, sterilize pot temperature
Spend for 120 DEG C, when sterilization time is 3 small；It is spare；
Step S5：Inoculation：When elegant precious mushroom culture material bag temperature is down to 27 DEG C after step S4 sterilizings, elegant precious mushroom strain is connect
Into the elegant precious mushroom compost band；
Step S6：Cultural hypha：The elegant precious mushroom culture material bag that strain is accessed in step S5 is placed in culturing room and is cultivated, is trained
Temperature setting is supported at 24 DEG C, it is 65% to keep culture indoor air relative humidity, and incubation time is 45 days；
Step S7：Management of producing mushroom：After cultural hypha, after the elegant precious mushroom culture material bag in step S6 is sent into disinfection
Mushroom house, the temperature of mushroom house is 25 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 93% in mushroom house；Add scattering light irradiation, promote mushroom flower bud to be formed；
Step S8：Harvesting：Elegant precious mushroom is produced to fruiting harvesting from mushroom flower bud needs 6-10 days, when cap length is to 2-3 centimetres, bacterium
Lid color is gradually thin out, and cap edge is rolled, and is harvested before spore ejection.
Embodiment ten：
A kind of elegant precious mushroom compost, is made of following raw materials according：Water, sawdust, shell, calcium carbonate, glucose, sucrose, selenium-rich
Wormcast, protein peptides, magnesium sulfate, agar and microorganism；The weight proportion of the raw material is as follows：71 parts of water, 19 parts of sawdust, shell
16 parts, 1.4 parts of calcium carbonate, 11 parts of glucose, 1.7 parts of sucrose, 37 parts of selenium-enriched earthworm excrement, 12 parts of protein peptides, 1.3 parts of magnesium sulfate,
1.4 parts of 10 parts of agar and microorganism；
Step S1：The selection of strain：Select snow-white mycelia, robust growth, of the right age and without disease pest pollution excellent elegant treasure
Mushroom strains；
Step S2：The preparation of elegant precious mushroom compost：Claimed respectively according to a kind of proportioning of above-mentioned elegant precious mushroom compost
Amount, is mixed and stirred for uniformly, pH value being adjusted to 7.5；
Step S3：Pack：Bacterium bag selects the high density low pressure polyethylene bags of 20 centimetres of 17 cm x, 30 cm x, per packed
Enter the elegant precious mushroom compost after 1.8 kilograms of sterilizings, obtain elegant precious mushroom culture material bag；
Step S4：Sterilizing：Elegant precious mushroom culture material bag after being packed in step S3 is put into autoclave and is sterilized, sterilize pot temperature
Spend for 120 DEG C, when sterilization time is 3 small；It is spare；
Step S5：Inoculation：When elegant precious mushroom culture material bag temperature is down to 27 DEG C after step S4 sterilizings, elegant precious mushroom strain is connect
Into the elegant precious mushroom compost band；
Step S6：Cultural hypha：The elegant precious mushroom culture material bag that strain is accessed in step S5 is placed in culturing room and is cultivated, is trained
Temperature setting is supported at 24 DEG C, it is 65% to keep culture indoor air relative humidity, and incubation time is 45 days；
Step S7：Management of producing mushroom：After cultural hypha, after the elegant precious mushroom culture material bag in step S6 is sent into disinfection
Mushroom house, the temperature of mushroom house is 25 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 93% in mushroom house；Add scattering light irradiation, promote mushroom flower bud to be formed；
Step S8：Harvesting：Elegant precious mushroom is produced to fruiting harvesting from mushroom flower bud needs 6-10 days, when cap length is to 2-3 centimetres, bacterium
Lid color is gradually thin out, and cap edge is rolled, and is harvested before spore ejection.
Embodiment 11：
A kind of elegant precious mushroom compost, is made of following raw materials according：Water, sawdust, shell, calcium carbonate, glucose, sucrose, selenium-rich
Wormcast, protein peptides, magnesium sulfate, agar and microorganism；The weight proportion of the raw material is as follows：72 parts of water, 20 parts of sawdust, shell
17 parts, 1.5 parts of calcium carbonate, 12 parts of glucose, 1.8 parts of sucrose, 38 parts of selenium-enriched earthworm excrement, 13 parts of protein peptides, 1.4 parts of magnesium sulfate,
1.5 parts of 11 parts of agar and microorganism；
Step S1：The selection of strain：Select snow-white mycelia, robust growth, of the right age and without disease pest pollution excellent elegant treasure
Mushroom strains；
Step S2：The preparation of elegant precious mushroom compost：Claimed respectively according to a kind of proportioning of above-mentioned elegant precious mushroom compost
Amount, is mixed and stirred for uniformly, pH value being adjusted to 7.5；
Step S3：Pack：Bacterium bag selects the high density low pressure polyethylene bags of 20 centimetres of 17 cm x, 30 cm x, per packed
Enter the elegant precious mushroom compost after 1.8 kilograms of sterilizings, obtain elegant precious mushroom culture material bag；
Step S4：Sterilizing：Elegant precious mushroom culture material bag after being packed in step S3 is put into autoclave and is sterilized, sterilize pot temperature
Spend for 120 DEG C, when sterilization time is 3 small；It is spare；
Step S5：Inoculation：When elegant precious mushroom culture material bag temperature is down to 27 DEG C after step S4 sterilizings, elegant precious mushroom strain is connect
Into the elegant precious mushroom compost band；
Step S6：Cultural hypha：The elegant precious mushroom culture material bag that strain is accessed in step S5 is placed in culturing room and is cultivated, is trained
Temperature setting is supported at 24 DEG C, it is 65% to keep culture indoor air relative humidity, and incubation time is 45 days；
Step S7：Management of producing mushroom：After cultural hypha, after the elegant precious mushroom culture material bag in step S6 is sent into disinfection
Mushroom house, the temperature of mushroom house is 25 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 93% in mushroom house；Add scattering light irradiation, promote mushroom flower bud to be formed；
Step S8：Harvesting：Elegant precious mushroom is produced to fruiting harvesting from mushroom flower bud needs 6-10 days, when cap length is to 2-3 centimetres, bacterium
Lid color is gradually thin out, and cap edge is rolled, and is harvested before spore ejection.
The cultivating rate of the various embodiments described above production gained ganoderma lucidum is calculated, total output and biological transformation ratio, specific data are as follows：
From embodiment one to embodiment 11, the proportioning of each raw material is different in elegant precious mushroom compost.From data in table,
With the respectively change of proportioning mass fraction in compost, conclusion can be obtained：From embodiment one to embodiment six, the fruiting of elegant precious mushroom
Rate, total output and biological transformation ratio increase successively；From embodiment six to embodiment 11, the cultivating rate of elegant precious mushroom, total output and
Biological transformation ratio reduces successively.It follows that the proportioning of each compost is optimum proportioning in embodiment six, i.e. 67 parts of water, sawdust
15 parts, 12 parts of shell, 1 part of calcium carbonate, 7 parts of glucose, 1.3 parts of sucrose, 33 parts of selenium-enriched earthworm excrement, 8 parts of protein peptides, magnesium sulfate
0.9 part, microorganism is 1 part of nostoc described in 6 parts of agar and microorganism；
From above technical scheme, this application provides a kind of elegant precious mushroom compost and its method for producing elegant precious mushroom,
It is used in mixed way by plurality of raw materials and elegant precious mushroom compost is made, and elegant precious mushroom is produced through the above method, is solved in the prior art
More using sawdust, cotton seed hulls, straw and wheat bran etc., elegant precious mushroom is relatively low to the utilization rate of these matrix, causes for the culture of elegant precious mushroom
Elegant precious mushroom is slow-growing low with cultivating rate, and then causes the low output of elegant precious mushroom, thus the serious production for constraining elegant precious mushroom with
The problem of development.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of elegant precious mushroom compost, it is characterised in that be made of following raw materials according：Water, sawdust, shell, calcium carbonate, glucose,
Sucrose, selenium-enriched earthworm excrement, protein peptides, magnesium sulfate, agar and microorganism；The weight proportion of the raw material is：62-72 parts of water, wood
10-20 parts of bits, 7-17 parts of shell, 0.5-1.5 parts of calcium carbonate, 2-12 parts of glucose, 0.8-1.8 parts of sucrose, selenium-enriched earthworm excrement 28-
0.5-1.5 parts of 38 parts, 3-13 parts of protein peptides, 0.4-1.4 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1-11 parts of agar and microorganism；The microorganism is thought
Pearl algae.
2. a kind of elegant precious mushroom compost according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the weight proportion of the raw material is：Water
63-71 parts, it is 11-19 parts of sawdust, 8-16 parts of shell, 0.6-1.4 parts of calcium carbonate, 3-11 parts of glucose, 0.9-1.7 parts of sucrose, rich
0.6-1.4 parts of 29-37 parts of selenium wormcast, 4-12 parts of protein peptides, 0.5-1.3 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2-10 parts of agar and microorganism.
3. a kind of elegant precious mushroom compost according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the weight proportion of the raw material is：Water
64-70 parts, it is 12-18 parts of sawdust, 9-15 parts of shell, 0.7-1.3 parts of calcium carbonate, 4-10 parts of glucose, 1.0-1.6 parts of sucrose, rich
0.7-1.3 parts of 30-36 parts of selenium wormcast, 5-11 parts of protein peptides, 0.6-1.2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 3-9 parts of agar and microorganism.
4. a kind of elegant precious mushroom compost according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the weight proportion of the raw material is：Water
65-69 parts, it is 13-17 parts of sawdust, 10-14 parts of shell, 0.8-1.2 parts of calcium carbonate, 5-9 parts of glucose, 1.1-1.5 parts of sucrose, rich
0.8-1.2 parts of 31-35 parts of selenium wormcast, 6-10 parts of protein peptides, 0.7-1.1 parts of magnesium sulfate, 4-8 parts of agar and microorganism.
5. a kind of elegant precious mushroom compost according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the weight proportion of the raw material is：Water
66-68 parts, it is 14-16 parts of sawdust, 11-13 parts of shell, 0.9-1.1 parts of calcium carbonate, 6-8 parts of glucose, 1.2-1.4 parts of sucrose, rich
0.9-1.1 parts of 32-34 parts of selenium wormcast, 7-9 parts of protein peptides, 0.8-1.0 parts of magnesium sulfate, 5-7 parts of agar and microorganism.
6. a kind of elegant precious mushroom compost according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the weight ratio of affiliated raw material is：Water 67
Part, 15 parts of sawdust, 12 parts of shell, 1 part of calcium carbonate, 7 parts of glucose, 1.3 parts of sucrose, 33 parts of selenium-enriched earthworm excrement, 8 parts of protein peptides,
1 part of 0.9 part of magnesium sulfate, 6 parts of agar and microorganism.
A kind of 7. method for producing elegant precious mushroom, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
Step S1：The selection of strain：Select snow-white mycelia, robust growth, of the right age and without disease pest pollution excellent oyster mushroom
Kind；
Step S2：The preparation of elegant precious mushroom compost：A kind of elegant precious mushroom compost proportioning difference according to claim 1 to 6
Weighed, be mixed and stirred for uniformly, pH value being adjusted to 7.5；
Step S3：Pack：Bacterium bag selects the high density low pressure pocket of 20 centimetres of 17 cm x 30 cm x, per it is packed enter 1.8 kilograms
Elegant precious mushroom compost after sterilizing, obtains elegant precious mushroom culture material bag；
Step S4：Sterilizing：Elegant precious mushroom culture material bag after being packed in step S3 is put into autoclave and is sterilized, it is spare；
Step S5：Inoculation：When elegant precious mushroom culture material bag temperature is down to 27 DEG C after step S4 sterilizings, elegant precious mushroom strain is connected to institute
State in elegant precious mushroom compost band；
Step S6：Cultural hypha：The elegant precious mushroom culture material bag that strain is accessed in step S5 is placed in culturing room and is cultivated, culture temperature
Degree is arranged on 24 DEG C, and it is 65% to keep culture indoor air relative humidity, and incubation time is 45 days；
Step S7：Management of producing mushroom：After cultural hypha, the elegant precious mushroom culture material bag in step S6 is sent into the mushroom after disinfection
Room, the temperature of mushroom house is 25 DEG C, and relative air humidity is 93% in mushroom house；Add scattering light irradiation, promote mushroom flower bud to be formed；
Step S8：Harvesting：Elegant precious mushroom is produced to fruiting harvesting from mushroom flower bud needs 6-10 days, when cap length is to 2-3 centimetres, cap face
Color is gradually thin out, and cap edge is rolled, and is harvested before spore ejection.
8. a kind of method for producing elegant precious mushroom according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the sterilizing pot temperature is 120
℃。
9. a kind of method for producing elegant precious mushroom according to claim 7, it is characterised in that when the sterilization time is 3 small.
10. a kind of method for producing elegant precious mushroom according to any one of claims 7 to 9, it is characterised in that the bacterium bag is adopted
With the Polythene Bag of high density low pressure.
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| CN108651158A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-10-16 | 江山惠企科技服务有限公司 | Elegant precious mushroom and seafood mushroom cultivation method |
| CN108668778A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-10-19 | 菏泽学院 | A kind of compost and cultural method for Pleurotus ferulae |
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Application publication date: 20180417 |