CN103340093A - Artificial cultivation method for phellinus linteus - Google Patents
Artificial cultivation method for phellinus linteus Download PDFInfo
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- CN103340093A CN103340093A CN2013102522552A CN201310252255A CN103340093A CN 103340093 A CN103340093 A CN 103340093A CN 2013102522552 A CN2013102522552 A CN 2013102522552A CN 201310252255 A CN201310252255 A CN 201310252255A CN 103340093 A CN103340093 A CN 103340093A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an artificial cultivation method for phellinus linteus. Artificial domestication cultivation research of the phellinus linteus newly starts in China, a few exploration tests are conducted in parts of areas, and the problems such as sporocarp is low in productivity and poor in quality (unshaped) exist mainly due to the fact that cultivation techniques are immature. The artificial cultivation method for the phellinus linteus comprises the steps that phellinus linteus strains are activated, 0.3 square centimeter stain blocks are taken on the aseptic condition to be inoculated to phellinus linteus cultivation culture media in cultivation bags, the stain blocks are cultivated at constant temperature being 28 DEG C without light until mycelia grow all over the cultivation bags, and cultispecies are obtained; when the mycelia in the cultivation bags are yellow or have protuberant nodular primordia, the cultivation bags are moved out of yellow areas, and semi-bag-off soil-cast yellow-out cultivation is conducted. According to the artificial cultivation method for the phellinus linteus, mulberry fields are used for phellinus linteus cultivation, and growing conditions of generation, differentiation and development of wild phellinus linteus sporocarps are imitated in nature. The phellinus linteus is high in productivity, good in quality (similar to wild phellinus linteus in shape), short in growth cycle, simple in cultivation mode, and capable of being cultivated in large scale.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to medicinal fungi artificial cultivation technique field, be specifically related to a kind of method of artificial cultivation Phellinus.
Background technology
Phellinus [
Phellinus igniarius(L.ex. Fr.) Quel]; have another name called Sang Chen, mulberry ear, white heart-rot fungus, Phellinus mushroom etc.; belong to Basidiomycotina (Basidiomycotina), Hymenomycetes (Hymenomycetes), Aphyllophorales (Aphyllophorales), Polyporaceae (Polyporaceae), shelf fungus genus [Fomes (Fr.) Fr.]; be a kind of large-scale medicinal fungi of preciousness, the laudatory title of " forest gold " is arranged." Chinese medicine voluminous dictionary " record, gynecological diseases such as it can control under metrorrhagia, blood pouring, the band, amenorrhoea.Modern medicine study shows that Phellinus has antitumor, antibiotic, anti-fibrosis, anti-oxidant and improve remarkable result such as body immunity; be the rare medicinal fungi of present internationally recognized biological antitumous effect first, be widely used in industries such as medicine, food, daily-use chemical industry, health products.
In recent years; because domestic and international market increases the Phellinus demand; cause the excessive exploitation of wild Phellinus to stop; be subjected to the restriction of particularity and complexity and the external condition of its physiological ecological again, it is very rare to cause natural world to form fruit body, wild natural Phellinus scarcity of resources; face exhaustion; the artificial domesticating cultivation difficulty of adding Phellinus is bigger, is difficult to form stable medical industry rule of origin, has limited the development of Phellinus industry greatly.
At present; domestic research to Phellinus mainly concentrates on the aspects such as extraction of relevant its protection of resources, chemical composition, medical mechanism, strain improvement, liquid fermentation technology, effective ingredient; and it is at the early-stage to artificial domesticating cultivation research; there is groping property test on a small quantity some areas; also have and cultivate successfully; but all because culture technique is not mature enough, exist fruiting body yield low, problems such as (shapeless) of poor quality mostly.
Summary of the invention
The method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of artificial cultivation Phellinus, it is low to overcome in the existing Phellinus culture technique ubiquitous fruiting body yield, problems such as (shapeless) of poor quality.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of method of artificial cultivation Phellinus is characterized in that:
Realized by following steps:
Step 1: after the Phellinus bacterial classification activated, under aseptic condition, get 0.3 cm
2The bacterial classification piece is inoculated on the interior Phellinus culture medium for cultivating of cultivation bag, and 28 ℃ of lucifuges of constant temperature are cultured to mycelia and cover with bacterium bag acquisition cultivated species;
Step 2: when treating warty original hase that mycelia in the cultivation bag begins to present yellow or projection occurs, the bacterium bag is moved to out yellow place, partly take off a bag earthing and go out yellow the cultivation: 22 ℃～28 ℃ of cultivation temperature, relative air humidity 85～98%, soil moisture 45～70%, intensity of illumination 100～300lex, 1～7 time/d of ventilation rate, each time 5～25min.
In the step 1, the water content of Phellinus culture medium for cultivating is 60～65%, and the solid phase prescription is:
Mulberry branch wood chips 30～60 weight portions, cotton seed hulls 30～60 weight portions, wheat bran 15～25 weight portions, white sugar 0.5～2 weight portion, gypsum 0.5～2 weight portion;
The concrete configuration method is: mulberry branch is pulverized with timber be machined to the wood chip that granularity is 0.5～2mm earlier; Again by culture medium prescription take by weighing white sugar, the gypsum water dissolves; Continue to take by weighing mulberry branch wood chips, cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, add and dissolve the good abundant mixing of white sugar, gypsum, and keep the skin wet, make the composts or fertilisers of cultivating water content reach 60～65%; With the packed bag of the polyethylene bacterium of 17cm * 33cm * 0.05cm, every packed wet feed 1kg, sack sleeving plastic ring seals with two-layer newspaper, layer of polyethylene plastic paper, puts into the high-pressure sterilizing pot sterilization, at pressure 1.0～1.5kg/cm
2, 121～126 ℃ of temperature, time 120min takes out and is cooled to room temperature, moves into and prepares inoculation between inoculation.
In the step 2, go out be chosen in the age of tree 3～5 years, tree spacing 2m, physical features, yellow place lower, not ponding, ventilates, the mulberry field at close water source; The cleaning ground weeds in mulberry field and fallen leaves are organized into the furrow that width is 1m before the cultivation; When outdoor minimum temperature exceeds 20 ℃, enter out yellow management, select to go out at the beginning of 6 months by the end of May yellow row's bag.
Described row's bag method is: move to out yellow place after the bacterium bag mycelia maturation, the 4.5cm place opens a meniscate osculum with scalpel, opening length 8cm from bacterium bag bottom; With sack plastic foil girdling to 1/3 place, take off the bag end following, earthing is to leaving a mouthful 6cm place; The bacterium bag discharges at interval, and bag spacing 10cm fills up soil between bag and the bag; Build the little shed that 1.2m is wide, 1m is high at furrow, covered with plastic film on the shed covers one deck grass felt again; The shed both sides are real with soil pressure, and air regulator is opened at the canopy two ends, is beneficial to the control of temp. and humidity; Ditch is opened on the canopy both sides, is used for pouring water and draining.
The present invention has the following advantages:
The present invention plants Phellinus with adopting the mulberry field; simulate the growth conditions that wild Phellinus fruit body takes place, breaks up and grow at occurring in nature; compare that the Phellinus fruit body that traditional Phellinus cultivation method produces has output height, quality good (the wild Phellinus of shape approximation), growth cycle is short and advantage such as cultivation mode is simple, but large-scale planting.
Embodiment
The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment.
The method of a kind of artificial cultivation Phellinus of the present invention, realized by following steps:
Step 1: after the Phellinus bacterial classification activated, under aseptic condition, get 0.3cm
2The bacterial classification piece is inoculated on the interior Phellinus culture medium for cultivating of cultivation bag, and 28 ℃ of lucifuges of constant temperature are cultured to mycelia and cover with bacterium bag acquisition cultivated species.
The water content of Phellinus culture medium for cultivating is 60～65%, and the solid phase prescription is: mulberry branch wood chips 30～60 weight portions, cotton seed hulls 30～60 weight portions, wheat bran 15～25 weight portions, white sugar 0.5～2 weight portion, gypsum 0.5～2 weight portion.The concrete configuration method is: mulberry branch is pulverized with timber be machined to the wood chip that granularity is 0.5～2mm earlier; Again by culture medium prescription take by weighing white sugar, the gypsum water dissolves; Continue to take by weighing mulberry branch wood chips, cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, add and dissolve the good abundant mixing of white sugar, gypsum, and keep the skin wet; With the packed bag of the polyethylene bacterium of 17cm * 33cm * 0.05cm, every packed wet feed 1kg, sack sleeving plastic ring seals with two-layer newspaper, layer of polyethylene plastic paper, puts into the high-pressure sterilizing pot sterilization, at pressure 1.0～1.5kg/cm
2, 121～126 ℃ of temperature, time 120min takes out and is cooled to room temperature, moves into and prepares inoculation between inoculation.
Step 2: when treating warty original hase that mycelia in the cultivation bag begins to present yellow or projection occurs, the bacterium bag is moved to out yellow place, partly take off a bag earthing and go out yellow the cultivation: 22 ℃～28 ℃ of cultivation temperature, relative air humidity 85～98%, soil moisture 45～70%, intensity of illumination 100～300lex, 1～7 time/d of ventilation rate, each time 5～25min.
Go out be chosen in the age of tree 3～5 years, tree spacing 2m, physical features, yellow place lower, not ponding, ventilates, the mulberry field at close water source; The cleaning ground weeds in mulberry field and fallen leaves are organized into the furrow that width is 1m before the cultivation; When outdoor minimum temperature exceeds 20 ℃, enter out yellow management, select to go out at the beginning of 6 months by the end of May yellow row's bag.Row's bag method is: move to out yellow place after the bacterium bag mycelia maturation, the 4.5cm place opens a meniscate osculum with scalpel, opening length 8cm from bacterium bag bottom; With sack plastic foil girdling to 1/3 place, take off the bag end following, earthing is to leaving a mouthful 6cm place; The bacterium bag discharges at interval, and bag spacing 10cm fills up soil between bag and the bag; Build the little shed that 1.2m is wide, 1m is high at furrow, covered with plastic film on the shed covers one deck grass felt again; The shed both sides are real with soil pressure, and air regulator is opened at the canopy two ends, is beneficial to the control of temp. and humidity; Ditch is opened on the canopy both sides, is used for pouring water and draining.
Embodiment 1:
Step 1: after the Phellinus bacterial classification activated, under aseptic condition, get 0.3cm
2The bacterial classification piece is inoculated on the interior Phellinus culture medium for cultivating of cultivation bag, and 28 ℃ of lucifuges of constant temperature are cultivated, and 50d left and right sides mycelia is covered with the bacterium bag and obtains cultivated species.
The water content of Phellinus culture medium for cultivating is 60%, and the solid phase prescription is: mulberry branch wood chips 30 weight portions, cotton seed hulls 60 weight portions, wheat bran 25 weight portions, white sugar 2 weight portions, gypsum 2 weight portions.The concrete configuration method is: mulberry branch is pulverized with timber be machined to the wood chip that granularity is 0.5～2mm earlier; Again by culture medium prescription take by weighing white sugar, the gypsum water dissolves; Continue to take by weighing mulberry branch wood chips, cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, add and dissolve the good abundant mixing of white sugar, gypsum, and keep the skin wet; With the packed bag of the polyethylene bacterium of 17cm * 33cm * 0.05cm, every packed wet feed 1kg, sack sleeving plastic ring seals with two-layer newspaper, layer of polyethylene plastic paper, puts into the high-pressure sterilizing pot sterilization, at pressure 1.0kg/cm
2, 121 ℃ of temperature, time 120min takes out and is cooled to room temperature, moves into and prepares inoculation between inoculation.
Step 2: when treating warty original hase that mycelia in the cultivation bag begins to present yellow or projection occurs, the bacterium bag is moved to out yellow place, partly take off a bag earthing and go out yellow the cultivation: 22 ℃ of cultivation temperature, relative air humidity 85%, soil moisture 45%, intensity of illumination 100lex, 1 time/d of ventilation rate, each time 25min.
Go out be chosen in the age of tree 3～5 years, tree spacing 2m, physical features, yellow place lower, not ponding, ventilates, the mulberry field at close water source; The cleaning ground weeds in mulberry field and fallen leaves are organized into the furrow that width is 1m before the cultivation; When outdoor minimum temperature exceeds 20 ℃, enter out yellow management, select to go out at the beginning of 6 months by the end of May yellow row's bag.Row's bag method is: move to out yellow place after the bacterium bag mycelia maturation, the 4.5cm place opens a meniscate osculum with scalpel, opening length 8cm from bacterium bag bottom; With sack plastic foil girdling to 1/3 place, take off the bag end following, earthing is to leaving a mouthful 6cm place; The bacterium bag discharges at interval, and bag spacing 10cm fills up soil between bag and the bag; Build the little shed that 1.2m is wide, 1m is high at furrow, covered with plastic film on the shed covers one deck grass felt again; The shed both sides are real with soil pressure, and air regulator is opened at the canopy two ends, is beneficial to the control of temp. and humidity; Ditch is opened on the canopy both sides, is used for pouring water and draining.
The Phellinus sporophore growth is very fast and quality good, approximate wild Phellinus, and the fruit-body color foresythia mostly is the shape of a hoof to yellowish-brown, and quality is hard, and every bag can be produced Phellinus fruit body dry product 35g.
Embodiment 2:
Step 1: after the Phellinus bacterial classification activated, under aseptic condition, get 0.3cm
2The bacterial classification piece is inoculated on the interior Phellinus culture medium for cultivating of cultivation bag, and 28 ℃ of lucifuges of constant temperature are cultivated, and 50d left and right sides mycelia is covered with the bacterium bag and obtains cultivated species.
The water content of Phellinus culture medium for cultivating is 62%, and the solid phase prescription is: mulberry branch wood chips 45 weight portions, cotton seed hulls 45 weight portions, wheat bran 20 weight portions, white sugar 1 weight portion, gypsum 1 weight portion.The concrete configuration method is: mulberry branch is pulverized with timber be machined to the wood chip that granularity is 0.5～2mm earlier; Again by culture medium prescription take by weighing white sugar, the gypsum water dissolves; Continue to take by weighing mulberry branch wood chips, cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, add and dissolve the good abundant mixing of white sugar, gypsum, and keep the skin wet; With the packed bag of the polyethylene bacterium of 17cm * 33cm * 0.05cm, every packed wet feed 1kg, sack sleeving plastic ring seals with two-layer newspaper, layer of polyethylene plastic paper, puts into the high-pressure sterilizing pot sterilization, at pressure 1.0kg/cm
2, 123 ℃ of temperature, time 120min takes out and is cooled to room temperature, moves into and prepares inoculation between inoculation.
Step 2: when treating warty original hase that mycelia in the cultivation bag begins to present yellow or projection occurs, the bacterium bag is moved to out yellow place, partly take off a bag earthing and go out yellow the cultivation: 25 ℃ of cultivation temperature, relative air humidity 91%, soil moisture 57%, intensity of illumination 200lex, 4 times/d of ventilation rate, each time 15min.
Go out be chosen in the age of tree 3～5 years, tree spacing 2m, physical features, yellow place lower, not ponding, ventilates, the mulberry field at close water source; The cleaning ground weeds in mulberry field and fallen leaves are organized into the furrow that width is 1m before the cultivation; When outdoor minimum temperature exceeds 20 ℃, enter out yellow management, select to go out at the beginning of 6 months by the end of May yellow row's bag.Row's bag method is: move to out yellow place after the bacterium bag mycelia maturation, the 4.5cm place opens a meniscate osculum with scalpel, opening length 8cm from bacterium bag bottom; With sack plastic foil girdling to 1/3 place, take off the bag end following, earthing is to leaving a mouthful 6cm place; The bacterium bag discharges at interval, and bag spacing 10cm fills up soil between bag and the bag; Build the little shed that 1.2m is wide, 1m is high at furrow, covered with plastic film on the shed covers one deck grass felt again; The shed both sides are real with soil pressure, and air regulator is opened at the canopy two ends, is beneficial to the control of temp. and humidity; Ditch is opened on the canopy both sides, is used for pouring water and draining.
The Phellinus sporophore growth is very fast and quality good, approximate wild Phellinus, and the fruit-body color foresythia mostly is the shape of a hoof to yellowish-brown, and quality is hard, and every bag can be produced Phellinus fruit body 36.2g.
Embodiment 3:
Step 1: after the Phellinus bacterial classification activated, under aseptic condition, get 0.3cm
2The bacterial classification piece is inoculated on the interior Phellinus culture medium for cultivating of cultivation bag, and 28 ℃ of lucifuges of constant temperature are cultivated, and 50d left and right sides mycelia is covered with the bacterium bag and obtains cultivated species.
The water content of Phellinus culture medium for cultivating is 65%, and the solid phase prescription is: mulberry branch wood chips 60 weight portions, cotton seed hulls 30 weight portions, wheat bran 15 weight portions, white sugar 0.5 weight portion, gypsum 0.5 weight portion.The concrete configuration method is: mulberry branch is pulverized with timber be machined to the wood chip that granularity is 0.5～2mm earlier; Again by culture medium prescription take by weighing white sugar, the gypsum water dissolves; Continue to take by weighing mulberry branch wood chips, cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, add and dissolve the good abundant mixing of white sugar, gypsum, and keep the skin wet; With the packed bag of the polyethylene bacterium of 17cm * 33cm * 0.05cm, every packed wet feed 1kg, sack sleeving plastic ring seals with two-layer newspaper, layer of polyethylene plastic paper, puts into the high-pressure sterilizing pot sterilization, at pressure 1.5kg/cm
2, 126 ℃ of temperature, time 120min takes out and is cooled to room temperature, moves into and prepares inoculation between inoculation.
Step 2: when treating warty original hase that mycelia in the cultivation bag begins to present yellow or projection occurs, the bacterium bag is moved to out yellow place, partly take off a bag earthing and go out yellow the cultivation: 28 ℃ of cultivation temperature, relative air humidity 98%, soil moisture 70%, intensity of illumination 300lex, 7 times/d of ventilation rate, each time 5min.
Go out be chosen in the age of tree 3～5 years, tree spacing 2m, physical features, yellow place lower, not ponding, ventilates, the mulberry field at close water source; The cleaning ground weeds in mulberry field and fallen leaves are organized into the furrow that width is 1m before the cultivation; When outdoor minimum temperature exceeds 20 ℃, enter out yellow management, select to go out at the beginning of 6 months by the end of May yellow row's bag.Row's bag method is: move to out yellow place after the bacterium bag mycelia maturation, the 4.5cm place opens a meniscate osculum with scalpel, opening length 8cm from bacterium bag bottom; With sack plastic foil girdling to 1/3 place, take off the bag end following, earthing is to leaving a mouthful 6cm place; The bacterium bag discharges at interval, and bag spacing 10cm fills up soil between bag and the bag; Build the little shed that 1.2m is wide, 1m is high at furrow, covered with plastic film on the shed covers one deck grass felt again; The shed both sides are real with soil pressure, and air regulator is opened at the canopy two ends, is beneficial to the control of temp. and humidity; Ditch is opened on the canopy both sides, is used for pouring water and draining.
The Phellinus sporophore growth is very fast and quality good, approximate wild Phellinus, and the fruit-body color foresythia mostly is the shape of a hoof to yellowish-brown, and quality is harder, and every bag can be produced Phellinus fruit body 31.6g.
Comparative experimental example 1
This comparative trial is with the difference of embodiment 1:
Making prescription and the proportioning of making the Phellinus culture medium for cultivating are as follows: mulberry branch wood chips 20%, cotton seed hulls 65%, wheat bran 10%, white sugar 2.5%, gypsum 2.5%, moisture content in medium 60%;
In addition, other every contents are all identical with embodiment 1; Indivedual bacterium bags have black warty original hase to form, but do not break up all the time.
Comparative experimental example 2
This comparative trial is with the difference of embodiment 2:
When treating warty original hase that mycelia in the Phellinus cultivation bag begins to present yellow or projection occurs, the bacterium bag is moved to common edible mushroom room, open a crescent osculum about long 8cm apart from sack 4.5cm place with scalpel, the bacterium bag is erect and to be arranged not that earthing directly enters out yellow management;
In addition, other every contents are all identical with embodiment 2; The dehydration of bacterium bag is more serious, and opening part is withered easily, suppresses the differentiation of Phellinus original hase, and indivedual bacterium bags have the Phellinus fruit body to form, but childlike all the time.
Comparative experimental example 3
This comparative trial is with the difference of embodiment 3:
Control out yellow temperature at 30 ℃, relative air humidity 98%, soil moisture 60%, intensity of illumination 100lex, 8 times/d of ventilation, each 30min;
In addition, other every contents are all identical with embodiment 3; The Phellinus fruit body forms behind the 5d, continues to cultivate 45d and can grow up to the finished product size.The Phellinus sporophore growth is fast but fair, and sporophore growth is irregular, and quality is more loose, lighter weight, and indivedual bacterium bags have living contaminants, and every bag can be produced Phellinus fruit body 19.3g.
It is cited that content of the present invention is not limited to embodiment, and the conversion of any equivalence that those of ordinary skills take technical solution of the present invention by reading specification of the present invention is claim of the present invention and contains.
Claims (4)
1. the method for an artificial cultivation Phellinus is characterized in that:
Realized by following steps:
Step 1: after the Phellinus bacterial classification activated, under aseptic condition, get 0.3 cm
2The bacterial classification piece is inoculated on the interior Phellinus culture medium for cultivating of cultivation bag, and 28 ℃ of lucifuges of constant temperature are cultured to mycelia and cover with bacterium bag acquisition cultivated species;
Step 2: when treating warty original hase that mycelia in the cultivation bag begins to present yellow or projection occurs, the bacterium bag is moved to out yellow place, partly take off a bag earthing and go out yellow the cultivation: 22 ℃～28 ℃ of cultivation temperature, relative air humidity 85～98%, soil moisture 45～70%, intensity of illumination 100～300lex, 1～7 time/d of ventilation rate, each time 5～25min.
2. the method for a kind of artificial cultivation Phellinus according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
In the step 1, the water content of Phellinus culture medium for cultivating is 60～65%, and the solid phase prescription is:
Mulberry branch wood chips 30～60 weight portions, cotton seed hulls 30～60 weight portions, wheat bran 15～25 weight portions, white sugar 0.5～2 weight portion, gypsum 0.5～2 weight portion;
The concrete configuration method is: mulberry branch is pulverized with timber be machined to the wood chip that granularity is 0.5～2mm earlier; Again by culture medium prescription take by weighing white sugar, the gypsum water dissolves; Continue to take by weighing mulberry branch wood chips, cotton seed hulls, wheat bran, add and dissolve the good abundant mixing of white sugar, gypsum, and keep the skin wet, make the composts or fertilisers of cultivating water content reach 60～65%; With the packed bag of the polyethylene bacterium of 17cm * 33cm * 0.05cm, every packed wet feed 1kg, sack sleeving plastic ring seals with two-layer newspaper, layer of polyethylene plastic paper, puts into the high-pressure sterilizing pot sterilization, at pressure 1.0～1.5kg/cm
2, 121～126 ℃ of temperature, time 120min takes out and is cooled to room temperature, moves into and prepares inoculation between inoculation.
3. the method for a kind of artificial cultivation Phellinus according to claim 2 is characterized in that:
In the step 2, go out be chosen in the age of tree 3～5 years, tree spacing 2m, physical features, yellow place lower, not ponding, ventilates, the mulberry field at close water source; The cleaning ground weeds in mulberry field and fallen leaves are organized into the furrow that width is 1m before the cultivation; When outdoor minimum temperature exceeds 20 ℃, enter out yellow management, select to go out at the beginning of 6 months by the end of May yellow row's bag.
4. the method for a kind of artificial cultivation Phellinus according to claim 3 is characterized in that:
Described row's bag method is: move to out yellow place after the bacterium bag mycelia maturation, the 4.5cm place opens a meniscate osculum with scalpel, opening length 8cm from bacterium bag bottom; With sack plastic foil girdling to 1/3 place, take off the bag end following, earthing is to leaving a mouthful 6cm place; The bacterium bag discharges at interval, and bag spacing 10cm fills up soil between bag and the bag; Build the little shed that 1.2m is wide, 1m is high at furrow, covered with plastic film on the shed covers one deck grass felt again; The shed both sides are real with soil pressure, and air regulator is opened at the canopy two ends, is beneficial to the control of temp. and humidity; Ditch is opened on the canopy both sides, is used for pouring water and draining.
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| CN113875497A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-01-04 | 陕西省微生物研究所 | Method for cultivating phellinus linteus |
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