CN107047068B - Facility greenhouse mushroom yield-increasing cultivation method - Google Patents
Facility greenhouse mushroom yield-increasing cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107047068B CN107047068B CN201710416387.2A CN201710416387A CN107047068B CN 107047068 B CN107047068 B CN 107047068B CN 201710416387 A CN201710416387 A CN 201710416387A CN 107047068 B CN107047068 B CN 107047068B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
A facility greenhouse mushroom yield-increasing cultivation method comprises a mushroom growing cultivation management step, wherein the mushroom growing cultivation management step specifically comprises the following steps: the mushroom sticks which grow hyphae and are subjected to color conversion and obtained in the step of culturing the mushroom bags are lightly shaken and bumped and then vertically placed in a facility greenhouse, so that the hyphae in a dormant state are awakened through the gentle shaking and bumping; the mushroom sticks are irradiated by semi-shading weak light to grow mushroom buds and grow robustly; the mushroom buds on the mushroom sticks can grow robustly by utilizing the ventilation mode of ventilation and ventilation of the facility greenhouse under the blockage; when the mushrooms meet the harvesting standard, a syringe is adopted to inject water into the mushroom sticks for the first time to promote the grown mushrooms and the new mushroom buds on the mushroom sticks to grow robustly, water is injected for the second time after harvesting is completed, nutrients and water in the mushroom sticks are restored to a proper growth state as soon as possible, the ground contact end of the mushroom sticks, which is in contact with the ground of the greenhouse before the first harvesting, is turned over to the upper side, and the mushroom sticks are guaranteed to grow robustly and smoothly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mushroom cultivation, in particular to a yield-increasing mushroom cultivation method in a greenhouse.
Background
The mushroom is one of the most famous edible mushrooms in the world and is also the traditional export famous product with the highest earning of our country. It not only has crisp and tender meat, delicious taste and refreshing fragrance, is an optimal dish for banquet and family cooking, but also has rich nutrition and can treat various diseases, thus being deeply loved by people at home and abroad.
With the reduction of wood raw materials for mushroom cultivation, the bag material becomes the mainstream technology of mushroom cultivation. For mushroom cultivators, how to produce more high-quality mushrooms by using scientific cultivation management technology is the key for obtaining higher economic benefit.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, there is a need for a method for increasing the yield of shiitake mushrooms in greenhouse.
A facility greenhouse mushroom yield-increasing cultivation method comprises the steps of preparing mushroom bag compost, preparing and sterilizing mushroom bags, inoculating, culturing the mushroom bags and managing fruiting cultivation, wherein the fruiting cultivation management specifically comprises the following steps:
the mushroom sticks which grow hyphae and are subjected to color conversion and obtained in the step of culturing the mushroom bags are lightly shaken and bumped and then vertically placed in a facility greenhouse, so that the hyphae in a dormant state are awakened through the gentle shaking and bumping;
semi-shading and weak light irradiation are carried out to enable mushroom fungus sticks to grow out of mushroom buds and grow robustly, namely, a shading net is used for shading two thirds of the lighting area of the facility greenhouse, and the remaining lighting surface of one third of the facility greenhouse is directly irradiated by sunlight, so that the illumination intensity in the facility greenhouse is 300-500 lux;
the lower part of the facility greenhouse is blocked for ventilation and air exchange to ensure that mushroom buds on mushroom sticks grow robustly, namely, the lower air outlet of the facility greenhouse is closed, and the upper air outlet of the facility greenhouse is opened, so that the phenomenon of slow mushroom growth or no mushroom growth caused by rapid temperature and humidity reduction in the facility greenhouse is avoided, and meanwhile, the ventilation environment required by robustly growing mushroom buds is ensured;
the mushroom is rapidly grown for the second time, namely, when the mushroom meets the harvesting standard, the mushroom stick is injected with water for the first time by an injector to promote the grown mushroom and the new mushroom buds on the mushroom stick to grow strongly, the mushroom stick is harvested the second day after the water injection is finished, no mushroom buds are reserved on the mushroom stick after the first harvesting, the mushroom stick after the first harvesting is injected with water for the second time by the injector to restore the nutrient and the moisture in the mushroom stick to a proper growth state as soon as possible, after the second water injection is finished, the ground contact end of the mushroom stick before the first harvesting, which is in contact with the ground of the greenhouse, is turned over to the upper part so that the mushroom stick is inverted up and down, and then the nutrient substances gathered at the ground contact end of the mushroom stick are dispersed under the action of gravity, and the hyphae in the dormant state are awakened by slight shock, so that the nutrient substances gathered at the ground contact end of the mushroom stick are dispersed under the action of gravity, the cultivation management is carried out according to the steps of semi-shading and weak light irradiation to enable the mushroom sticks to grow out of mushroom buds and grow strongly and the steps of blocking up, exhausting and ventilating under a facility greenhouse to ensure the mushroom buds on the mushroom sticks to grow strongly after the mushroom sticks are grown for the second time.
In the facility greenhouse mushroom yield increase cultivation method, mushroom sticks which grow hyphae and are subjected to color conversion are lightly shaken and bumped and then vertically placed in a facility greenhouse, hyphae in a dormant state are waken up through slight shaking and bumping, the mushroom sticks are irradiated by semi-shading weak light to enable mushroom buds and robust growth, a ventilation mode of blocking up ventilation and ventilation under the facility greenhouse is utilized to ensure the mushroom buds on the mushroom sticks to grow robustly, when mushrooms meet a harvesting standard, the mushroom sticks are subjected to first water injection by an injector to promote the growing mushrooms and new mushroom buds on the mushroom sticks to grow robustly, harvesting is started on the next day after water injection is finished, no mushroom buds are reserved on the mushroom sticks after the first harvesting, the mushroom sticks after the first harvesting are subjected to second water injection by the injector, and nutrients and water in the mushroom sticks are recovered to a proper growth state as soon as possible, after the second water injection is finished, the ground contact end, which is in contact with the ground of the greenhouse, of the mushroom stick before the first collection is turned over to the upper side, so that the mushroom stick is inverted up and down, and then the nutrient substances gathered at the ground contact end of the mushroom stick are dispersed under the action of gravity, and the mushroom stick is ensured to smoothly grow out mushroom buds and grow robustly for the second time, so that the yield and the quality of the mushrooms are improved, through a planting comparison test, when the mushrooms are planted according to the cultivation method provided by the invention, 650 grams of fresh mushrooms can be produced per bag, the yield is improved by 150-250 grams compared with 500 grams in the traditional technology, and the yield of each bag is improved by 30-50%; the fruiting time is advanced by 20 days; the commodity rate of the fresh mushrooms reaches more than 90 percent, the unit weight of the fresh mushrooms in commodities reaches more than 40 grams, and the weight of the fresh mushrooms is increased by about 15 percent compared with the weight of the original mushrooms.
Detailed Description
According to the yield-increasing cultivation method for the mushrooms in the facility greenhouse, in the fruiting cultivation management process of the facility greenhouse, a semi-shading dim-light bud forcing technology, a secondary quick fruiting technology, a mushroom stick up-down inversion technology and a lower blocking up-discharging ventilation technology are adopted to improve the yield and the quality of the mushrooms. The yield-increasing cultivation method of Lentinus edodes in greenhouse with the above mentioned facilities is described in detail below.
The facility greenhouse mushroom yield-increasing cultivation method comprises the steps of preparing mushroom bag compost, preparing and sterilizing mushroom bags, inoculating, culturing the mushroom bags and managing fruiting cultivation.
The fruiting cultivation and management method specifically comprises the following steps: the mushroom sticks which grow hyphae and are subjected to color conversion and obtained in the step of culturing the mushroom bags are lightly shaken and bumped and then vertically placed in a facility greenhouse, so that the hyphae in a dormant state are awakened through the gentle shaking and bumping; semi-shading and weak light irradiation are carried out to enable mushroom fungus sticks to grow out of mushroom buds and grow robustly, namely, a shading net is used for shading two thirds of the lighting area of the facility greenhouse, and the remaining lighting surface of one third of the facility greenhouse is directly irradiated by sunlight, so that the illumination intensity in the facility greenhouse is 300-500 lux; the lower part of the facility greenhouse is blocked for ventilation and air exchange to ensure that mushroom buds on mushroom sticks grow robustly, namely, the lower air outlet of the facility greenhouse is closed, and the upper air outlet of the facility greenhouse is opened, so that the phenomenon of slow mushroom growth or no mushroom growth caused by rapid temperature and humidity reduction in the facility greenhouse is avoided, and meanwhile, the ventilation environment required by robustly growing mushroom buds is ensured; the mushroom is rapidly grown for the second time, namely, when the mushroom meets the harvesting standard, the mushroom stick is injected with water for the first time by an injector to promote the grown mushroom and the new mushroom buds on the mushroom stick to grow robustly, the mushroom stick is harvested the second day after the water injection is finished, no mushroom buds are reserved on the mushroom stick after the first harvesting, the mushroom stick after the first harvesting is injected with water for the second time by the injector to restore the nutrient and the moisture in the mushroom stick to a proper growth state, after the second water injection is finished, the ground contact end of the mushroom stick before the first harvesting, which is in contact with the ground of a greenhouse of a facility, is turned over to the upper part so that the mushroom stick is inverted up and down and is slightly shaken to awaken the hyphae in the dormant state, and then the nutrient substances collected at the ground contact end of the mushroom stick are dispersed under the action of gravity to ensure the growth of the hyphae on the mushroom stick, thereby achieving the aim of successfully growing the mushroom buds and the robust, and after secondary quick fruiting, carrying out cultivation management according to the steps of semi-shading and weak light irradiation to enable mushroom sticks to grow mushroom buds and grow robustly and ventilation under a facility greenhouse to ensure that the mushroom buds on the mushroom sticks grow robustly.
Further, the step of preparing the mushroom bag compost specifically comprises the following steps: preparing 15 parts of fruit trees, 50 parts of hardwood, 15 parts of corncobs, 18 parts of bran, 1 part of gypsum and 1 part of nutrients; crushing fruit trees, hardwood and corncobs to obtain crushed fruit tree powder, crushed hardwood and crushed corncobs; uniformly mixing crushed fruit wood powder, crushed hardwood wood powder, crushed corncob powder, bran, gypsum and nutrients, adding water, uniformly stirring, and stacking to obtain the fruiting bag culture material, wherein the water content in the fruiting bag culture material is 55-60%. Wherein the fruit tree is the branch of the fruit tree.
Furthermore, in the steps of fungus bag manufacturing and sterilization, a high-pressure-resistant plastic bag is selected for use, one end of the plastic bag is sealed, the other end of the plastic bag is opened, the fruiting bag cultivation material is filled into the plastic bag, the open end of the plastic bag is tightened, and then the fungus bag is obtained through high-pressure sterilization. Wherein the specific process of autoclaving is as follows: firstly, sterilizing the mushroom bags by high-pressure steam for 6 to 8 hours, then stopping high-pressure steam input for 2 to 4 hours to recover the surviving harmful bacteria in the mushroom bag culture materials, and finally sterilizing the mushroom bags by high-pressure steam for 2 to 4 hours to kill the recovered surviving harmful bacteria.
When the fungus bags are cooled to below 30 ℃ in the inoculation step, the inoculation is started, and the inoculation is carried out: taking out the sterilized fruiting bag, cooling, transferring into an inoculation chamber for inoculation, punching 3 inoculation holes on the left, middle and right positions of the same side of the mushroom bag by using a conical wood stick with the diameter of 1.5-2 cm, and then pressing mushroom strains in the inoculation chamber, wherein the inoculation amount of the mushroom strains is 5% of the weight of the culture material of the mushroom bag; in the step of fungus bag cultivation, a preservative film is sleeved on the inoculated fungus bags and stacked to prevent the fungus bags infected by mixed fungi from polluting other healthy fungus bags, the fungus bags are cultivated until hyphae grow over the fungus bags (generally, the hyphae can grow over the fungus bags after 45-60 days of cultivation), the temperature is controlled to be 15-24 ℃ during cultivation, the illumination intensity is controlled to be below 200lx, the humidity is controlled to be 60-65%, and ventilation is kept.
Further, the mushroom fruiting cultivation management step also comprises a color conversion management step, after mushroom mycelia grow to be full of the mushroom bags, the preservative film sleeved in the mushroom bag cultivation step is removed, white mycelia on the inner surface of each mushroom bag are converted into grey brown under the conditions that the temperature is 15-24 ℃ and the relative air humidity is 75-80%, and then cultivation is carried out until the mycelia on the periphery of the inner wall of each mushroom bag expand and have wrinkles and raised nodules, and when the nodules are pinched by hands and have elastic loose and soft feeling, the plastic bags of the mushroom bags are cut by a knife, so that mushroom sticks are obtained.
In the facility greenhouse mushroom yield increase cultivation method, mushroom sticks which grow hyphae and are subjected to color conversion are lightly shaken and bumped and then vertically placed in a facility greenhouse, hyphae in a dormant state are waken up through slight shaking and bumping, the mushroom sticks are irradiated by semi-shading weak light to enable mushroom buds and robust growth, a ventilation mode of blocking up ventilation and ventilation under the facility greenhouse is utilized to ensure the mushroom buds on the mushroom sticks to grow robustly, an injector is adopted to inject water to the mushroom sticks for the first time to promote the growing mushrooms and new mushroom buds on the mushroom sticks to grow robustly, harvesting is started on the next day after water injection is finished, no mushroom buds are reserved on the mushroom sticks after the first harvesting is finished, the injector is adopted to inject water to the mushroom sticks after the first harvesting is finished, after the second water injection is finished, the ground contact end of the mushroom stick before first harvesting, which is in contact with the ground of the facility greenhouse, is turned over to the upper side, so that the mushroom stick is inverted up and down, and then nutrient substances gathered at the ground contact end of the mushroom stick are dispersed under the action of gravity, and the mushroom stick is ensured to smoothly grow out mushroom buds and grow robustly for the second time to improve the yield and the quality of mushrooms, through a planting comparison test, when the mushrooms are planted according to the cultivation method provided by the invention, each bag can produce 650 grams of fresh mushrooms, the yield is improved by 150-250 grams compared with the traditional technology, and the yield of each bag is improved by 30-50%; the fruiting time is advanced by 20 days; the commodity rate of the fresh mushrooms reaches more than 90 percent, the unit weight of the fresh mushrooms in commodities reaches more than 40 grams, and the weight of the fresh mushrooms is increased by about 15 percent compared with the weight of the original mushrooms.
Claims (5)
1. A facility greenhouse mushroom yield-increasing cultivation method comprises the steps of preparing mushroom bag compost, preparing and sterilizing mushroom bags, inoculating, culturing the mushroom bags and managing fruiting cultivation, and is characterized in that the fruiting cultivation management steps specifically comprise:
the mushroom sticks with grown hyphae and finished color conversion obtained in the step of culturing the mushroom bags are lightly shaken and bumped and then vertically placed in a facility greenhouse, so that the hyphae in a dormant state are awakened through the gentle shaking and bumping;
semi-shading and weak light irradiation are carried out to enable mushroom fungus sticks to grow out of mushroom buds and grow robustly, namely, a shading net is used for shading two thirds of the lighting area of the facility greenhouse, and the remaining lighting surface of one third of the facility greenhouse is directly irradiated by sunlight, so that the illumination intensity in the facility greenhouse is 300-500 lux;
the lower part of the facility greenhouse is blocked for ventilation and air exchange to ensure that mushroom buds on mushroom sticks grow robustly, namely, the lower air outlet of the facility greenhouse is closed, and the upper air outlet of the facility greenhouse is opened, so that the phenomenon of slow mushroom growth or no mushroom growth caused by rapid temperature and humidity reduction in the facility greenhouse is avoided, and meanwhile, the ventilation environment required by robustly growing mushroom buds is ensured;
the mushroom is rapidly grown for the second time, namely, when the mushroom meets the harvesting standard, the mushroom stick is injected with water for the first time by an injector to promote the grown mushroom and the new mushroom buds on the mushroom stick to grow strongly, the mushroom stick is harvested the second day after the water injection is finished, no mushroom buds are reserved on the mushroom stick after the first harvesting, the mushroom stick after the first harvesting is injected with water for the second time by the injector to restore the nutrient and the moisture in the mushroom stick to a proper growth state as soon as possible, after the second water injection is finished, the ground contact end of the mushroom stick before the first harvesting, which is in contact with the ground of the greenhouse, is turned over to the upper part so that the mushroom stick is inverted up and down, and then the nutrient substances gathered at the ground contact end of the mushroom stick are dispersed under the action of gravity, and the hyphae in the dormant state are awakened by slight shock, so that the nutrient substances gathered at the ground contact end of the mushroom stick are dispersed under the action of gravity, the cultivation management is carried out according to the steps of semi-shading and weak light irradiation to enable the mushroom sticks to grow out of mushroom buds and grow strongly and the steps of blocking up, exhausting and ventilating under a facility greenhouse to ensure the mushroom buds on the mushroom sticks to grow strongly after the mushroom sticks are grown for the second time.
2. The facility greenhouse mushroom yield-increasing cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the method for preparing the mushroom bag compost comprises the following steps: preparing 15 parts of fruit trees, 50 parts of hardwood, 15 parts of corncobs, 18 parts of bran, 1 part of gypsum and 1 part of nutrients; crushing fruit trees, hardwood and corncobs to obtain crushed fruit tree powder, crushed hardwood and crushed corncobs; uniformly mixing crushed fruit wood powder, crushed hardwood wood powder, crushed corncob powder, bran, gypsum and nutrients, adding water, uniformly stirring, and stacking to obtain the fruiting bag culture material, wherein the water content in the fruiting bag culture material is 55-60%.
3. The facility greenhouse mushroom yield-increasing cultivation method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: in the step of fungus bag manufacturing and sterilization, a high-pressure-resistant plastic bag is selected as the plastic bag, one end of the plastic bag is sealed, the other end of the plastic bag is opened, the compost of the fruiting bag is filled into the plastic bag, the opening end is tightened, and then the plastic bag is sterilized under high pressure to obtain the fungus bag; in the inoculation step, when the fungus bags are cooled to below 30 ℃, inoculation is started; in the step of culturing the fungus bags, the inoculated fungus bags are stacked after being sleeved with preservative films so as to prevent the fungus bags infected by mixed fungi from polluting other healthy fungus bags.
4. The facility greenhouse mushroom yield-increasing cultivation method as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the specific process of autoclaving is as follows: firstly, sterilizing the mushroom bags by high-pressure steam for 6 to 8 hours, then stopping high-pressure steam input for 2 to 4 hours to recover the surviving harmful bacteria in the mushroom bag culture materials, and finally sterilizing the mushroom bags by high-pressure steam for 2 to 4 hours to kill the recovered surviving harmful bacteria.
5. The facility greenhouse mushroom yield-increasing cultivation method as claimed in claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: in the secondary rapid fruiting step, the water injection amount of the first water injection is 100-200 ml, and the water injection amount of the second water injection is 300-500 ml.
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| CN108668785B (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2020-12-22 | 日照昱荣塑业有限公司 | Bag is cultivateed in black fungus planting |
| CN111699917A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-09-25 | 竹山县绿谷食用菌有限公司 | Shiitake mushroom tail stubble yield increasing method based on PH value adjustment |
| CN111699919A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-09-25 | 竹山县绿谷食用菌有限公司 | Hole-puncturing-free over-summer bag cutting management method for shiitake mushroom sticks |
| CN112449991A (en) * | 2020-12-20 | 2021-03-09 | 竹溪县隆源大鲵生物开发有限公司 | Method for accelerating color conversion in cultivation period of mushroom sticks in greenhouse |
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| CN103704013B (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2015-09-09 | 武义创新食用菌有限公司 | A kind of method of segmentation fruiting mushroom culture |
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| JP5507235B2 (en) * | 2009-12-24 | 2014-05-28 | 株式会社森羊土 | Mushroom cultivation medium |
| JP2013220080A (en) * | 2012-04-18 | 2013-10-28 | Sanwa Kinoko Giken Kk | Method for humidifying using heater fan plastic duct in mushroom bed shiitake cultivation greenhouse |
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