CN103931420A - Method for cultivating phellinus igniarius - Google Patents
Method for cultivating phellinus igniarius Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating phellinus igniarius. The method includes the steps that firstly, short-cut wood is directly placed in a material bag or placed in the material bag after being bundled, the two end faces of the short-cut wood or the two ends of a short-cut wood bundle are paved with cultivation media, an opening of the bag is tightened, and then a material package is acquired; secondly, the material package is sterilized, cooled and then inoculated, and then phellinus igniarius is acquired through cultivation, wherein the cultivation media are radix puerariae residues. The radix puerariae residues are used as the cultivation media, so that growth and reproduction of phellinus igniarius mycelia can be stimulated, the mycelia are stronger, germination and field planting of the phellinus igniarius mycelia are accelerated, and eventually the spawn running time can be shortened by about 15 d; in addition, invasion and infection of contaminating microorganisms can be reduced, and statistics show that the contamination rate of the material package can be reduced by 11.7% to 17.9% and the yield of phellinus igniarius can be increased by more than 15%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultivation method of medicinal fungi, relate in particular to the cultivation method of the Phellinus that a kind of mycelium field planting is fast.
Background technology
Phellinus (Inonotus sanghuang Wu good reputation); the famous and precious medicinal fungus that is a kind of nourishing and body-strengthening, strengthens the body resistance to consolidate the constitution; the immune system of contained polysaccharide physical efficiency human activin; inhibition cancer cell growth, strengthens active anticancer, has obvious anti-cancer function; it is the best mushroom of anticancer therapeutic in known higher fungi; anticancer mechanism is familiar with by people gradually, and because domestic and international market is increasing to the demand of Phellinus, market prospects are very optimistic.
Phellinus cultivation at present mainly contains Bag Material cultivation and section wood is cultivated two kinds.Bag Material cultivation refers to cultivation matrix is packed in plastic sack, after sterilizing, inoculates, and is then placed under proper environment and cultivates, until grow fruit body.CN102786333A discloses a kind of Phellinus cultivating in bag medium and has adopted the method for this medium cultivation Phellinus fruit body; this medium bag mixes pack by fuel and water and makes; fuel comprises: ramulus mori wood chip 40～80%, mulberry leaf powder 5～20%; grain 10～30%; sugar 0.5～2%; quicklime 1～5%, potassium hydrogen phosphate 0.1～2%, magnesium sulfate 0.1～2%.Cultivation method comprises: under gnotobasis, plant in access Phellinus bacterium bag Phellinus is female, cultivate 60-90 days, treat that bacterium bag covers with mycelia, bacterium bag 1/3～1/2 is buried in the earth, cultivate and after 3～9 days, on bacterium bag, scratch openning fruiting.
Section wood is cultivated and is referred to the juggle cutting is placed in to bacterium bag, and two end grains are spread cultivation matrix, then tighten bacterium bag, after sterilizing, inoculate, and carry out mushroom producing culture after bacterium bag covers with mycelia.But existing segment wood cultivated technology phellinus igniarius mycelium field planting speed is slow and inoculation yield rate is lower, is unfavorable for large-scale promotion.
The root of kudzu vine is to abound with in the edible dual purpose plant of a kind of perennial pulse family liana medicine in southern china mountain area, has that high nutriture value is planted, medicinal valency is planted, and in the fresh root of kudzu vine, is rich in dietary fiber, and content is about 19%.At present, the domestic exploitation of being engaged in root of kudzu vine product is main mainly with producing kudzuvine root starch, and remaining root of kudzu vine slag after kudzuvine root starch extraction is used as to rubbish, topples over, and fails to make full use of resource.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of cultural method of Phellinus, to solve, existing method phellinus igniarius mycelium field planting speed is slow, the low problem of inoculation survival rate.
A cultivation method for Phellinus, comprising:
(1) by juggle directly or be bundled into bundle and be placed in pocket, on two end faces of juggle or juggle bundle, after bedding cultivation matrix, tighten sack, make material bag;
(2) after the sterilizing of material bag is cooling, inoculate, cultivate and obtain Phellinus;
Described cultivation matrix is root of kudzu vine slag.
Described root of kudzu vine slag is that the fresh root of kudzu vine is carried through tentatively planting, clear water rinsing and dry the waste residue of acquisition.Because conventional method is the materials such as wheat bran, wood chip at the cultivation matrix of juggle or the laying covering of juggle bundle two ends.Although these materials contain abundant nutrient component, carbon, nitrogen content are high, are suitable for mycelial growth and breeding, also easily grow miscellaneous bacteria, cause inoculation failure.These cultivation matrixes are because nutrient component is comparatively single, although mycelia growth and breeding is very fast, mycelium is very thin, owe the environment of nutrition in cannot short time endoadaptation Duan Mu, and causing cannot rapid field planting.
Except starch, root of kudzu vine slag also contains the compounds such as osajin (mainly comprising daidzein, daidzin, Puerarin etc.), root of kudzu vine glycoside, three note saponinses, alkaloids, although carbon, nitrogen content are lower, but above material can promote the growth and breeding of mycelia, make mycelium more sturdy, the interior environment that more easily adapts to Duan Mu, thus rapid field planting is at Duan Muzhong; Yin Gegen slag carbon nitrogen content is low in addition, and varied bacteria growing is difficulty comparatively, adds in the root of kudzu vine and also exists the fungies such as Cryptococcus neoformans are existed to inhibiting endophyte, and material bag is difficult for infected, and success ratio of inoculation significantly improves.
Juggle is selected from the broad-leaved trees such as maple, oak, birch, because juggle diameter differs, when juggle diameter hour, juggle should be bundled into a bundle with iron wire or thin bamboo strips used for weaving, be placed in the juggle of pocket or the specification of juggle bundle is: diameter 20～30cm, length 20～25cm.
Lay covering root of kudzu vine slag and answer the whole end face of uniform fold, thickness is suitable, and the consumption of each material bag root of kudzu vine slag is 100～200g, and it is suitable that the moisture content of root of kudzu vine slag needs, and too high too low being all unsuitable for sent out a bacterium, is preferably 50～60%.
Described cultivation comprises that sending out bacterium cultivates and mushroom producing culture.
Described bacterium cultivated as postvaccinal material bag is placed in to shading culturing room, controls and cultivates 26～28 ℃ of indoor temperatures, and relative moisture is 60～65%, until mycelia is covered with whole material bag.
Described mushroom producing culture comprises: keep material bag 50～60d after-ripening; the de-bag of bacterium rod moves into booth; one end is buried in the earth 5cm; keep 25～30 ℃ of canopy temperatures; relative moisture 85～95%, keeps upper soll layer moistening, ventilates in good time; until Phellinus is ripe, described bacterium rod is section wood or the section wood bundle of sending out full bacterium.
When Phellinus is changed into orange-yellowly by white, then by the orange-yellow yellowish-brown that changes into, border sclerosis, and while launching out yellowish-brown spore, shows ripely, can gather.
Inoculation should be carried out under gnotobasis, and described inoculation is specially: sack is opened, cultivated species is evenly sprinkling upon on root of kudzu vine slag, tighten immediately sack after completing.
The preparation method of described cultivated species is: mother is planted and is inoculated in culture matrix, and at 24～26 ℃, 30-50 days is cultivated in shading; Described culture matrix is mixed and is formed by siccative and water, and wherein siccative percentage by weight consists of: wood chip 60%, cotton seed hulls 20%, wheat bran 18%, gypsum 1%, lime 1%, potassium hydrogen phosphate 0.5%, magnesium sulfate 0.5%.
The moisture content of described culture matrix is 50～55%.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in:
(1) root of kudzu vine cinder ladle is containing the multiple compound that can improve Phellinus spawn activity; utilize root of kudzu vine slag can promote the growth and breeding of phellinus liteus as cultivation matrix; make mycelium more sturdy, accelerate sprouting and the field planting of phellinus liteus, finally make to send out bacterium time shorten 15d left and right.
(2) root of kudzu vine slag carbon nitrogen content is lower, and the endophyte that contains Antifungi, utilizes root of kudzu vine slag can reduce intrusion and the infection of miscellaneous bacteria as cultivation matrix, can reduce according to statistics material bag pollution rate 11.7%～17.9%, improves Phellinus output more than 15%.
(3) root of kudzu vine slag is cheap and easy to get, utilizes root of kudzu vine slag can reduce Phellinus cultivation cost as cultivation matrix, and has found feasible recycling processing method for processing root of kudzu vine slag.
Embodiment
Produce cultivated species
On inclined-plane PDA medium, get female kind, be inoculated in culture matrix, at 24～26 ℃, shading is cultivated 40 days, obtains cultivated species.Culture matrix is mixed and is formed by siccative and water, and moisture content is 55%, and siccative percentage by weight consists of: wood chip 60%, cotton seed hulls 20%, wheat bran 17%, gypsum 1%, lime 1%, potassium hydrogen phosphate 0.5%, magnesium sulfate 0.5%.
Comparative example
(1) get robur log, be cut into the juggle that length is 20cm, the juggle that diameter is less than 25cm is tied up bundled with iron wire or thin bamboo strips used for weaving, makes every bundle juggle diameter reach 25cm left and right.
(2) juggle or juggle are in bundled in polyethylene cylinder bag (diameter 28cm), on two end faces of juggle or juggle bundle, lay cover by weed tree sawdust 60%, cotton seed hulls 20%, wheat bran 18%, gypsum 1%, lime each 1%, the mixture that forms such as trace element, the addition of each end face is about 100g, after bedding completes, tighten sack, make material bag.
(3) material bag is put into normal-pressure sterilization equipment and carry out 100 ℃ of disinfecting actions that keep 14～16h, inoculation according to a conventional method under gnotobasis after material bag is cooling.Material bag is transferred in sunshade culturing room and is cultivated; in control culturing room, temperature is 26～28 ℃; relative moisture is 60%～65%; phellinus liteus 5d after inoculation starts to sprout; after 30～35d, on linden, start field planting; mycelium is sturdy strong, and the charge bar through 110～120d inside covers with mycelia, and yield rate reaches 74.8%.
(4) keep 60d after-ripening after sending out bacterium and completing, de-bag grand style in the booth of setting up the facility that shelters from heat or light, bacterium rod is imbedded the lower 5cm of soil, 30 centimetres of spacing, canopy temperature remains on 25～30 ℃, and relative air humidity requires 85%～95%, according to weather condition to soil layer work of water sprinkling for better material moisture, or pour water in circular groove, make soil layer remain moisture state.Will keep certain ventilation every day, increases ventilation after pouring water especially at water spray or soil.When Phellinus is changed into orange-yellowly by white, then by the orange-yellow yellowish-brown that changes into, border sclerosis, and while launching out yellowish-brown spore, shows ripely, can gather.
Embodiment 1
(1) get robur log, be cut into the juggle that length is 20cm, the juggle that diameter is less than 25cm is tied up bundled with iron wire or thin bamboo strips used for weaving, makes every bundle juggle diameter reach 25cm left and right.
(2) juggle or juggle are in bundled in polypropylene cylinder bag (diameter 28cm), on two end faces of juggle or juggle bundle, laid and cover the root of kudzu vine slag that water content is 55%, the addition of each end face is 50g, after having laid, tightens sack, makes material bag.
(3) material bag is put into normal-pressure sterilization equipment and carry out 100 ℃ of disinfecting actions that keep 14～16h, after material bag is cooling, under gnotobasis, access according to a conventional method Phellinus bacterial classification.Material bag is transferred in sunshade culturing room and is cultivated; in control culturing room, temperature is 26～28 ℃; relative moisture is 60%～65%; phellinus liteus 3d after inoculation starts to sprout; after 23～25d, on linden, start field planting; mycelium is sturdy strong, and the charge bar through 100d inside covers with mycelia, and yield rate reaches 86.5%.
(4) keep 60d after-ripening after sending out bacterium and completing, de-bag grand style in the booth of setting up the facility that shelters from heat or light, bacterium rod is imbedded the lower 5cm of soil, 30 centimetres of spacing, canopy temperature remains on 25～30 ℃, and relative air humidity requires 85%～95%, according to weather condition to soil layer work of water sprinkling for better material moisture, or pour water in circular groove, make soil layer remain moisture state.Will keep certain ventilation every day, increases ventilation after pouring water especially at water spray or soil.When Phellinus is changed into orange-yellowly by white, then by the orange-yellow yellowish-brown that changes into, border sclerosis, and while launching out yellowish-brown spore, shows ripely, can gather.
Table 1 embodiment 1 and comparative example Phellinus field planting time, pollution rate comparison
As shown in Table 1, adopt the composition of raw materials of embodiment 1, its mycelium germination, field planting and purseful time, pollution rate declined 11.7% than the respectively Zao 2d of comparative example, 7～10d, 10-15d.
Embodiment 2
(1) get robur log, be cut into the juggle that length is 20cm, the juggle that diameter is less than 25cm is tied up bundled with iron wire or thin bamboo strips used for weaving, makes every bundle juggle diameter reach 25cm left and right.
(2) juggle or juggle are in bundled in polypropylene cylinder bag (diameter 28cm), on two end faces of juggle or juggle bundle, laid and cover the root of kudzu vine slag that water content is 55%, the addition of each end face is 75g, after having laid, tightens sack, makes material bag.
(3) material bag is put into normal-pressure sterilization equipment and carry out 100 ℃ of disinfecting actions that keep 14～16h, inoculation according to a conventional method under gnotobasis after material bag is cooling.Material bag is transferred in sunshade culturing room and is cultivated; in control culturing room, temperature is 26～28 ℃; relative moisture is 60%～65%; phellinus liteus 3d after inoculation starts to sprout; after 26～28d, on linden, start field planting; mycelium is sturdy strong, and the charge bar through 95～105d inside covers with mycelia, and yield rate reaches 89.3%.
(4) keep 60d after-ripening after sending out bacterium and completing, de-bag grand style in the booth of setting up the facility that shelters from heat or light, bacterium rod is imbedded the lower 5cm of soil, 30 centimetres of spacing, canopy temperature remains on 25～30 ℃, and relative air humidity requires 85%～95%, according to weather condition to soil layer work of water sprinkling for better material moisture, or pour water in circular groove, make soil layer remain moisture state.Will keep certain ventilation every day, increases ventilation after pouring water especially at water spray or soil.When Phellinus is changed into orange-yellowly by white, then by the orange-yellow yellowish-brown that changes into, border sclerosis, and while launching out yellowish-brown spore, shows ripely, can gather.
Table 2 embodiment 2 and comparative example Phellinus field planting time, pollution rate comparison
As shown in Table 2, adopt the composition of raw materials of embodiment 2, its mycelium germination, field planting and purseful time, pollution rate declined 14.5% than the respectively Zao 2d of comparative example, 6～8d, 15d.
Embodiment 3
(1) get willow log, be cut into the juggle that length is 20cm, the juggle that diameter is less than 25cm is tied up bundled with iron wire or thin bamboo strips used for weaving, makes every bundle juggle diameter reach 25cm left and right.
(2) juggle or juggle are in bundled in polypropylene cylinder bag (diameter 28cm), on two end faces of juggle or juggle bundle, laid and cover the root of kudzu vine slag that water content is 55%, the addition of each end face is 100g, after having laid, tightens sack, makes material bag.
(3) material bag is put into normal-pressure sterilization equipment and carry out 100 ℃ of disinfecting actions that keep 14～16h, inoculation according to a conventional method under gnotobasis after material bag is cooling.Material bag is transferred in sunshade culturing room and is cultivated; in control culturing room, temperature is 26～28 ℃; relative moisture is 60%～65%; phellinus liteus 3d after inoculation starts to sprout; after 28d, on linden, start field planting; mycelium is sturdy strong, and the charge bar through 90～100d inside covers with mycelia, and yield rate reaches 92.7%.
(4) keep 60d after-ripening after sending out bacterium and completing, de-bag grand style in the booth of setting up the facility that shelters from heat or light, bacterium rod is imbedded the lower 5cm of soil, 30 centimetres of spacing, canopy temperature remains on 25～30 ℃, and relative air humidity requires 85%～95%, according to weather condition to soil layer work of water sprinkling for better material moisture, or pour water in circular groove, make soil layer remain moisture state.Will keep certain ventilation every day, increases ventilation after pouring water especially at water spray or soil.When Phellinus is changed into orange-yellowly by white, then by the orange-yellow yellowish-brown that changes into, border sclerosis, and while launching out yellowish-brown spore, shows ripely, can gather.
Table 3 embodiment 3 and comparative example Phellinus field planting time, pollution rate comparison
As shown in Table 3, adopt the composition of raw materials of embodiment 3, its mycelium germination, field planting and purseful time, pollution rate declined 17.9% than conventional proportioning difference Zao 2d, 5～7d, 20d.
Claims (9)
1. a cultivation method for Phellinus, comprising:
(1) by juggle directly or be bundled into bundle and be placed in pocket, on two end faces of juggle or juggle bundle, after bedding cultivation matrix, tighten sack, make material bag;
(2) after the sterilizing of material bag is cooling, inoculate, cultivate and obtain Phellinus;
It is characterized in that, described cultivation matrix is root of kudzu vine slag.
2. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the consumption of each material bag root of kudzu vine slag is 100～200g.
3. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the moisture content of described root of kudzu vine slag is 50%～60%.
4. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the specification of described juggle or juggle bundle is: diameter 20～30cm, length 20～25cm.
5. cultivation method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described cultivation comprises that sending out bacterium cultivates and mushroom producing culture, described bacterium cultivated and comprises: postvaccinal material bag is placed in to shading culturing room, control and cultivate 26～28 ℃ of indoor temperatures, relative moisture is 60%～65%, until mycelia is covered with whole material bag.
6. cultivation method as claimed in claim 5; it is characterized in that; described mushroom producing culture comprises: keep material bag 50～60d after-ripening; the de-bag of bacterium rod moves into booth, and one end is buried in the earth, and keeps 25～30 ℃ of canopy temperatures; relative moisture 85%～95%; keep upper soll layer moistening, ventilate, until Phellinus is ripe in good time.
7. cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described inoculation is: sack is opened, cultivated species is evenly sprinkling upon on root of kudzu vine slag, tighten immediately sack after completing.
8. cultivation method as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, the preparation method of described cultivated species is: mother is planted and is inoculated in culture matrix, and at 24～26 ℃, 30-50 days is cultivated in shading; Described culture matrix is mixed and is formed by siccative and water, and wherein siccative percentage by weight consists of: wood chip 60%, cotton seed hulls 20%, wheat bran 17%, gypsum 1%, lime 1%, potassium hydrogen phosphate 0.5%, magnesium sulfate 0.5%.
9. cultivation method as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, the moisture content of described culture matrix is 50～55%.
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