CN1246273A - Method for cultivating agaricus bisporus in north protected land - Google Patents
Method for cultivating agaricus bisporus in north protected land Download PDFInfo
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- CN1246273A CN1246273A CN 99113103 CN99113103A CN1246273A CN 1246273 A CN1246273 A CN 1246273A CN 99113103 CN99113103 CN 99113103 CN 99113103 A CN99113103 A CN 99113103A CN 1246273 A CN1246273 A CN 1246273A
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- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 241000222519 Agaricus bisporus Species 0.000 title abstract 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PASHVRUKOFIRIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 25
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000021028 berry Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 244000251953 Agaricus brunnescens Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N Heavy water Chemical compound [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000283725 Bos Species 0.000 claims description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000283986 Lepus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 claims 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 abstract 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003898 horticulture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for cultivating agaricus bisporus in a north protected area, belonging to the fungi of microorganisms. The culture medium of the second and third-level strains mainly comprises wheat grains, corn, gypsum powder, calcium carbonate, brown sugar and the like. The culture medium of the fermentation material mainly comprises dry horse manure, wheat straw, cottonseed cake, urea, gypsum powder, calcium superphosphate and the like. The culture medium is cultivated in a protected area through the processes of material mixing, pre-stacking, temperature control, humidity and the like, the cultivation period can be shortened by two months, the culture medium is the best item for farmers in the north to get rich, and the culture medium has great economic and social benefits.
Description
The present invention is a kind of culturing edible fungi, the more definite method for cultivating bisporous mushroom in north protected field of saying so.
China's Agaricus Bisporus is cultivated in south in the past always.Along with the increase of domestic and international market to the Agaricus Bisporus demand, northern China also is badly in need of developing Agaricus Bisporus.But, fail to find best cultivation method because the weather conditions in the north are limit always.The present invention utilizes protection ground, the north to carry out the Agaricus Bisporus cultivation exactly, and adopting wheat straw, corn stalk etc. is raw material, Agaricus Bisporus output height, the quality better produced.
One, female source of planting:
The female source of planting of method for cultivating bisporous mushroom in north protected field has following several: " 176 " bacterial classification of institute of microbiology of (1) Chinese Academy of Sciences; (2) " No. 1, Zhejiang farming " bacterial classification of department of horticulture of Zhejiang Agricultural Univ; (3) " No. one, Fujian " bacterial classification of Fujian Province's light industry research institute; (4) " AS2796 " bacterial classification of Fujian Province's light industry research institute; (5) " 4795 " bacterial classification of Fujian Jiu Hu research institute.
Two, the preparation of second class inoculum:
A. fill a prescription and proportioning: wheat berry 97-98.5%, land plaster 0.5-1%, calcium carbonate 0.5-1%, brown sugar 0.5-1%.
Compound method: wheat berry is dipped to 4-12 hour with clear water, then wheat is put into pot and boiled thoroughly well cooked but not mushy degree, wheat is dried in the air adds the auxiliary material bottling when tack-free then, sterilization with cultivate.
B. fill a prescription and proportioning: corn 97-98.5%, land plaster 0.5-1%, calcium carbonate 0.5-1%, brown sugar 0.5-1%.Compound method: corn was soaked 12-24 hour with 1% limewash, it is fully absorbed water, put into then pot boil expand to the iblet deliquescing till, corn is picked up the control solid carbon dioxide divides and add auxiliary material bottling, sterilization and inoculated and cultured.
Three, the preparation of three-class strain
Prescription and proportioning: wheat berry 98-99%, land plaster 0.5-1%, calcium carbonate 0.5-1%.
Compound method: wheat berry was soaked in water 4-12 hour, then wheat is put into pot and boiled thoroughly well cooked but not mushy degree, wheat is pulled out to dry in the air add auxiliary material bottling, sterilization, inoculation and cultivation when tack-free.
Four, the preparation of fermentation material
A. fill a prescription and proportioning: the straw prescription
Dried horsehit 70-75%, wheat straw 20-25%, superphosphate 1-2%, calcium carbonate 2-3%, land plaster 1-2%.
B. fill a prescription and proportioning: semi-synthetic material formula
Wheat straw 58-68%, ox, horsehit 21-23%, cottonseed cake 5-7%, lime 1-2%, urea 1-2%, calcium carbonate 2-4%, land plaster 1-2%, superphosphate 1-2%.
C. fill a prescription and proportioning: the synthesis material prescription
Wheat Straw 76-84%, cottonseed cake 5-7%, lime 1-3%, urea 1-3%, superphosphate 1-3%, calcium carbonate 3-5%, gypsum 3-5%.
More than the preparation and the fermentation process of three kinds of prescriptions:
(1) raw material is prewetted: with wheat straw prewet abundant suction permeable part till.
(2) the pre-heap of raw material: the raw material after will prewetting build up high 1.8 meters, wide 1.8-2.0 rice, long heap arbitrarily.
(3) build heap: the raw material after will piling in advance build up high 1.5 meters, and are wide 1.8 meters, long heap arbitrarily.Water content is 60-65%, pH value 7-8.
(4) turning: generally build heap after 2-3 days, 70-75 ℃ of heap Wen Keda piled warm decline later on, and at this moment began to carry out turning in 6 days.After the turning 1-2 days for the first time, the heap temperature just rose rapidly, and about 5 days, heap temperature rise (70-75 ℃) to peak can begin progressively to descend, and at this moment carries out the turning second time.Also answer the same method turning 2-3 time then.
2, prescription and proportioning: corn stalk prescription:
Corn stalk 73-81.5% does cow dung 8-10%, cottonseed cake 3-5%, urea 0.5-1%, ammonium sulfate 1-2%, land plaster 2-3%, superphosphate 2-3%, lime 2-3%.
Preparation and fermentation process:
(1) raw material is handled: corn stalk is cut up with a hay cutter into about the 5-10 centimeter length with hay cutter;
(2) prewet: the corn stalk abundant suction of prewetting is permeable part;
(3) pre-heap: the corn stalk after will prewetting is built up high 1.5 meters, and is wide 2.0 meters, long heap arbitrarily;
(4) build heap: the raw material after will piling in advance build up high 1.5 meters, and are wide 1.8 meters, long heap arbitrarily, and water content is 60-65%, pH value 7-8.
(5) turning: when temperature in the material peaks and begins to descend, carry out turning, middle turning 4-5 time (the same wheat straw material of method).
Five, the construction of fruiting canopy and use
(1) transformation of plastic vegetable greenhouse and utilization: original plastic vegetable greenhouse is set up ventilating opening, remove 15-20 centimetre in surface layer soil.
(2) semi-underground type fruiting canopy: subsurface is dug about 0.5 meter, make the center pillar height, be particularly suitable for the cultivation of north cold area more than 3.2 meters.
(use of 3 black plastic greenhouse films: light scattering is to the spread effect that is formed with of Agaricus Bisporus fruit body, and the fruit-body color that grows is pure white, if light is strong excessively, then influences the color of fruit body, quality is descended, and the blue canopy film of traditional usefulness is a black canopy film so change in the past.
(4) use of water pillow: lowered the temperature when daytime, temperature of shed was high especially in order to make, heated when night, temperature of shed was low, the water pillow can effectively be addressed this problem, and the water pillow adopts the packed Qing Dynasty of black plastic water, puts a row by wall behind the booth.
Six, inoculation: the composts or fertilisers of cultivating that ferments is moved in the canopy that disinfects in advance.Composts or fertilisers of cultivating is tiled on the bed surface, and thickness is 25-30cm, has spread material back mixed seeding or bunch planting bacterial classification, and every square metre of sowing quantity is the 1.5-2 bottle, begins to carry out earthing when mycelia grows to 1/2nd left and right sides, and thickness is 3-4 centimetre.
Seven, bacteria: closeall ventilating opening within 3 days after finishing kind, preserve moisture and send out a bacterium, suitably ventilate about 7 days, in order to impel mycelial growth, to beat skewer at charge level and send out bacterium about 10 days, the bacteria phase temperature remains on 22-25 ℃, between the air humidity 65-80%.
Eight, the management of fruiting phase: the fruiting phase makes the canopy temperature control at 15-19 ℃, and air humidity is at 85-95%, and suitably ventilation is in time sprayed when mushroom mycelium is grown composts or fertilisers of cultivating substantially in once " heavy water ", and it is saturating to be about to the water spray.When the button of size as the Agaricus Bisporus original hase generally forms and develop into soya bean, spray once " heavy water " again.
Though low form mushroom class during Agaricus Bisporus belongs to is if temperature is low excessively, just fruit body can not normal development.When temperature is reduced to about 5 ℃, the bacterium bed no longer can enter overwinter management by traditional Routine Management during fruiting, but survive the winter in order to prevent Agaricus Bisporus, shorten the cultivation cycle, can be by the artificial temperature that increases, (concrete grammar comprises that cover with the greenhouse by solar heat insulation quilt night, use Reflecting curtain, hot line etc.) make the canopy temperature be higher than 10 ℃, allow its fruiting continuously, can shorten about two months cycles of cultivation, also filled up the blank in market.
Description of drawings: Fig. 1 is a process chart of the present invention.
Embodiment:
Second class inoculum prescription (precentagewise)
1, wheat berry 98.5, land plaster 0.5, calcium carbonate 0.5, brown sugar 0.5.
2, wheat berry 97, land plaster 1, calcium carbonate 1, brown sugar 1.
3, wheat berry 97.75, gypsum 0.75, calcium carbonate 0.75, brown sugar 0.75.
4, corn 98.5, land plaster 0.5, calcium carbonate 0.5, brown sugar 0.5.
5, corn 97, land plaster 1, calcium carbonate 1, brown sugar 1.
6, corn 97.75, land plaster 0.75, calcium carbonate 0.75, brown sugar 0.75.
Three-class strain prescription (precentagewise)
1, wheat berry 99, land plaster 0.5, calcium carbonate 0.5.
2, wheat berry 98, land plaster 1, calcium carbonate 1.
3, wheat berry 98.5, land plaster 0.75, calcium carbonate 0.75.
Fermentation material formula (precentagewise)
One, straw prescription
1, dried horsehit 75, wheat straw 20, superphosphate 2, calcium carbonate 2, land plaster 1.
2, dried horsehit 70, wheat straw 25, superphosphate 2, calcium carbonate 2, land plaster 1.
3, dried horsehit 72.5, wheat straw 22.5, superphosphate 1.5, calcium carbonate 2.5, land plaster 1.
Two, semi-synthetic material formula
1, wheat straw 68, oxen and horses excrement 21, cottonseed cake 5, lime 1, urea 1, calcium carbonate 2, land plaster 1, superphosphate 1.
2, wheat straw 58, oxen and horses excrement 23, cottonseed cake 7, lime 2, urea 2, calcium carbonate 4, land plaster 2, superphosphate 2.
3, wheat straw 63, oxen and horses excrement 22, cottonseed cake 6, lime 1.5, urea 1.5, calcium carbonate 3, land plaster 1.5, superphosphate 1.5.
Three, synthesis material prescription
1, wheat straw 84, cottonseed cake 6, lime 1, urea 1, superphosphate 2, calcium carbonate 3, gypsum 3.
2, wheat straw 76, cottonseed cake 7, lime 3, urea 3, superphosphate 3, calcium carbonate 5, gypsum 3.
3, wheat straw 80, cottonseed cake 6, lime 2, urea 2, superphosphate 2, calcium carbonate 4, gypsum 4.
Four, corn stalk prescription
1, corn stalk 81.5, dried horsehit 8, cottonseed cake 3, urea 0.5, ammonium sulfate 1, gypsum 2, superphosphate 2, lime 2.
2, corn 73 straw, dried cow dung 10, cottonseed cake 5, urea 1, ammonium sulfate 2, gypsum 3, superphosphate 3, lime 3.
3, corn stalk 77.25, dried cow dung 9, cottonseed cake 4, urea 0.75, ammonium sulfate 1.5, gypsum 2.5, superphosphate 2.5, lime 2.5.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of method for cultivating bisporous mushroom in north protected field comprises the fruiting that is prepared into from second class inoculum, it is characterized in that:
The preparation of second class inoculum
A. fill a prescription: wheat berry 97-98.5%, land plaster 0.5-1%, calcium carbonate 0.5-1%, brown sugar 0.5-1%,
Preparation: wheat berry was soaked 4-12 hour with clear water, then wheat is put into pot and boiled thoroughly well cooked but not mushy degree, then wheat being dried in the air adds auxiliary material bottling, sterilization when tack-free, cultivates;
B. fill a prescription: corn 97-98.5%, land plaster 0.5-1%, calcium carbonate 0.5-1%, brown sugar 0.5-1%,
Preparation: corn was soaked 12-24 hour with 1% limewash, it is fully absorbed water, put into then pot boil expand to the iblet deliquescing till, corn is picked up the control solid carbon dioxide divides the bottling of adding auxiliary material, sterilization, inoculated and cultured;
The preparation of three-class strain
Prescription: wheat berry 98-99%, land plaster 0.5-1%, calcium carbonate 0.5-1%,
Preparation: wheat berry was soaked in water 4-12 hour, then wheat is put into pot and boiled thoroughly well cooked but not mushy degree, wheat is pulled out to dry in the air add auxiliary material bottling, sterilization, inoculation and cultivation when tack-free;
The preparation of fermentation material
A. straw prescription: dried horsehit 70-75%, wheat straw 20-25%, superphosphate 1-2%, calcium carbonate 2-3%, land plaster 1-2%,
B. semi-synthetic material formula: wheat straw 58-68%, oxen and horses excrement 21-23%, cottonseed cake 5-7%, lime 1-2%, urea 1-2%, calcium carbonate 2-4%, land plaster 1-2%, superphosphate 1-2%,
C. synthesis material prescription:
Wheat straw 76-84%, cottonseed cake 5-7%, lime 1-3%, urea 1-3%, superphosphate 1-3%, calcium carbonate 3-5%, gypsum 3-5%,
The preparation and the fermentation of above-mentioned a.b.c prescription are:
Raw material is prewetted: with wheat straw prewet abundant suction permeable part till,
Raw material is piled in advance: the raw material after will prewetting builds up high 1.8 meters, wide 1.8-2.0 rice, and long heap arbitrarily,
Build heap: the raw material after will piling in advance builds up high 1.5 meters, and is wide 1.8 meters, long heap arbitrarily, and water content 60-65%, pH value 7-8,
Turning: generally build heap after 2-3 days, 70-75 ℃ of heap Wen Keda piled warm decline later in 6 days, at this moment began to carry out turning, wanted turning 4-5 time altogether,
The construction of fruiting canopy
A. the transformation of plastic vegetable greenhouse: original plastic vegetable greenhouse is set up ventilating opening, remove 15-20 centimetre in surface layer soil,
B. semi-underground type fruiting canopy: subsurface is dug about 0.5 meter, make the center pillar height more than 3.2 meters,
C. use black canopy film
Inoculation: the composts or fertilisers of cultivating that ferments is moved in the canopy of the poison that disappeared, be tiled on the bed surface, thickness is 25-30 centimetre, has spread material back mixed seeding or bunch planting bacterial classification, and every square metre of 1.5-2 bottle when mycelia grows to 1/2nd left and right sides, begins to carry out earthing, and thickness is 3-4 centimetre,
Bacteria: closeall ventilating opening in three days after finishing kind, suitably ventilate about 7 days, to beat skewer at charge level about 10 days and send out bacterium, the bacteria phase temperature remains on 22-25 ℃, air humidity 65-80%,
Fruiting: fruiting phase canopy temperature is at 15-19 ℃, and air humidity 85-95% when mushroom mycelium is grown composts or fertilisers of cultivating substantially, in time sprays in once " heavy water ", and it is saturating to be about to the water spray.When the button of size as original hase generally forms and develop into soya bean, spray once " heavy water " again.In order to prevent that Agaricus Bisporus from surviving the winter, by the temperature adjustment water bag is set, add a cover the greenhouse by solar heat insulation quilt in canopy, use Reflecting curtain, ground hot lines etc. make the canopy temperature be higher than 10 ℃.
2, according to the said method of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
The corn stalk prescription
Corn stalk 73-81.5% does cow dung 8-10%, cottonseed cake 3-5%, and urea 0.5-1%, ammonium sulfate 1-2%, gypsum 2-3%, superphosphate 2-3%, lime 2-3%,
Preparation and fermentation process: 5-10 centimetre of a. corn stalk length, b. is permeable part with the corn stalk abundant suction of prewetting, and c. piles in advance: high 1.5 meters, wide 2 meters, arbitrarily long, d. builds heap: high 1.5 meters, wide 1.8 meters, arbitrarily long, water content 60-65%, pH value 7-8, the e. turning: temperature reaches 70-75 ℃ and carry out turning when beginning to descend in material, middle turning 4-5 time, the same wheat straw material of method.
3,, it is characterized in that the temperature adjustment water bag is a black plastic bag of filling clear water according to the said method of claim 1.
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| CN 99113103 CN1246273A (en) | 1999-07-13 | 1999-07-13 | Method for cultivating agaricus bisporus in north protected land |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 99113103 CN1246273A (en) | 1999-07-13 | 1999-07-13 | Method for cultivating agaricus bisporus in north protected land |
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1999
- 1999-07-13 CN CN 99113103 patent/CN1246273A/en active Pending
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