CN112106591A

CN112106591A - Breeding method of excellent pleurotus eryngii

Info

Publication number: CN112106591A
Application number: CN202010909178.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨杰伟; 柯丽娜; 金文松; 郑裕; 林一东
Original assignee: Fujian Chengfa Agriculture Development Co ltd
Current assignee: Fujian Chengfa Agriculture Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-09-02
Filing date: 2020-09-02
Publication date: 2020-12-22

Abstract

The invention provides a pleurotus eryngii breeding method which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a culture dish: preparing a culture medium; (2) and (3) breeding: uniformly smearing the strain spores prepared by preselection in corresponding culture dishes, and numbering A, B and C for each culture dish; (3) performing antagonistic selection; (4) cultivation: inoculating the dominant strains into a cultivation main body filled with a culture material, sending the cultivation main body into a fungus culturing chamber, and transferring the cultivation main body to a fruiting room to fruiting after fungus emergence. (5) Harvesting: and (4) harvesting the mature pleurotus eryngii. According to the invention, the opening of the cultivation bottle is divided into areas, so that the growth and the harvesting of pleurotus eryngii are facilitated, the separation plug is conveniently and quickly matched with the cultivation bottle, the assembly and disassembly are convenient, the working efficiency is improved, the harvesting device is used for harvesting mature pleurotus eryngii, the harvesting of workers is omitted, the labor force is saved, the working efficiency is improved, and the labor cost is reduced.

Description

Breeding method of excellent pleurotus eryngii

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of pleurotus eryngii cultivation, in particular to a method for breeding excellent pleurotus eryngii.

Background

The pleurotus eryngii is a new rare edible fungus variety integrating edible, medicinal and dietary therapy. The pleurotus eryngii has fleshy flesh, crisp and tender texture, particularly has compact, solid and milky stem tissues, can be completely eaten, has more crisp and smooth stem than pileus and is tasty and refreshing, is called as oyster mushroom king and dried oyster mushroom, has pleasant almond fragrance and taste like abalone, and is suitable for fresh keeping and processing.

The traditional cultivation method of the pleurotus eryngii is characterized in that the pleurotus eryngii is cultivated through a cultivation bag, the pleurotus eryngii is easy to be extruded together when growing, the growth of the pleurotus eryngii and the harvesting of follow-up workers are not facilitated, manual harvesting is relied on, the working efficiency is unstable, if the pleurotus eryngii is not thoroughly sterilized before entering a mushroom house, the pleurotus eryngii is easy to infect, waste mushrooms are caused, and waste is caused; in addition, the growth of the pleurotus eryngii is greatly influenced by the environment, the pleurotus eryngii with poor quality is difficult to grow normally, and the yield is not high.

Accordingly, the present inventors have made extensive studies to solve the above problems and have made the present invention.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for breeding excellent pleurotus eryngii, and the method is used for solving the problems that the quality of the pleurotus eryngii is poor, the pleurotus eryngii is extruded together during growth and is not beneficial to growth and harvesting, and the manual harvesting efficiency is not stable in the background art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for breeding excellent pleurotus eryngii comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a culture dish: preparing a culture medium, pouring the prepared culture medium into a sealed bottle, sealing the bottle mouth, sterilizing the sealed bottle, cooling the sealed bottle, and pouring the culture medium in the sealed bottle into a plurality of culture dishes which are sterilized in advance;

(2) and (3) breeding: uniformly smearing the strain spores prepared by preselection in corresponding culture dishes, and numbering A, B and C for each culture dish;

a: blow-drying in an aseptic state to form a bacterial membrane on the surface, injecting nitrogen ion beams, washing the bacterial membrane subjected to mutagenesis treatment with sterile water, coating the diluted bacterial membrane on a culture dish, selecting a single strain with good growth to inoculate the single strain in the culture dish, and selecting a high-yield strain with stable genetic character after culture;

no. B: under the aseptic condition, a new strain of edible fungi is bred by a monospore cross breeding technology, the well-grown new strain is inoculated in a culture dish, and a high-yield strain with stable hereditary character is selected after culture;

no. C: under the aseptic condition, mutation of spore genes of the strains is realized by adopting an ultraviolet irradiation mutagenesis method, the mutated spores of the strains are coated on a culture dish, a single strain with good growth is selected and inoculated in the culture dish, and a high-yield strain with stable hereditary character is selected after culture;

(3) antagonistic selection: three dominant strains selected by the three methods are mixed and inoculated on a culture dish, the culture dish is taken out after the three dominant strains are cultured for a preset time at a proper temperature, and dominant strains are observed;

(4) cultivation: inoculating the dominant strains into a cultivation container filled with a culture material, sending the cultivation container into a fungus culturing room, and transferring the cultivation container to a fruiting room to produce mushrooms after the mushrooms are produced;

(5) harvesting: and (4) harvesting the mature pleurotus eryngii.

Further, in the step (4), the cultivation container includes a cultivation bottle.

Further, the cultivation bottle comprises a partition part for partitioning the opening of the cultivation bottle into a plurality of areas.

Further, the partition portion includes a partition plug removably connected to the bottle mouth.

Furthermore, a plurality of separating holes for growing pleurotus eryngii are formed in the separating plug, and the separating holes are communicated with the opening.

Furthermore, the bottom end of the separation plug is provided with an annular bulge extending along the axial direction, and the separation plug is in friction connection with the bottleneck of the cultivation bottle through the annular bulge.

Further, in the step (4), after the fungus is grown out, the cultivation bottles are neatly placed on the cultivation frame, and then the cultivation frame is sent into a mushroom growing room.

Further, the cultivation frame comprises a containing part for containing the cultivation bottles and a frame body for bearing the containing part.

Furthermore, a plurality of accommodating holes for accommodating the cultivation bottles and positioning the cultivation bottles are formed in the upper surface of the accommodating part.

Further, an accommodating cavity for accommodating the cultivation bottle is formed on the upper surface of the accommodating part.

Further, the upper surface of the accommodating cavity is provided with a fixing part for fixing the cultivation bottle.

Further, the fixing part comprises a fixing ring sleeved on the outer wall of the cultivation bottle.

Further, the fixing ring is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the accommodating cavity.

Furthermore, an accommodating groove for accommodating the accommodating part is formed on the side surface of the frame body; the holding part is mounted on the holding groove.

Further, hold part and holding tank pull formula sliding connection.

Further, the holding tank of support body is equipped with a plurality of parts that hold from last equidistant down.

Further, the bottom of the frame body is provided with universal wheels.

Further, the number of the cultivation shelves is n, n is a natural number, and the cultivation shelves are arranged in an nxn manner.

Further, in the step (4), the compost is wood chip compost.

Further, the wood chip compost comprises a main material and an auxiliary material.

Further, the main material comprises pine sawdust.

Further, the pine sawdust accounts for 75-85% of the sawdust culture material by weight.

Further, the pine sawdust accounts for 76% of the sawdust culture medium in percentage by weight.

Further, the auxiliary materials comprise bran, gypsum and sucrose.

Further, the auxiliary materials account for 15-25% of the wood chip compost in percentage by weight.

Further, the pine sawdust, the bran, the gypsum and the sucrose are mixed by 76%, 22%, 1% and 1% by weight.

Further, the water content of the wood chip compost is 65%.

Further, in the step (5), the mature pleurotus eryngii is harvested and processed through a harvesting device.

Further, the harvesting device comprises a plurality of harvesting parts in one-to-one correspondence with the cultivation frames and an opening and closing driving device for driving the harvesting parts to open and close.

Further, the harvesting part comprises a first harvesting knife, a second harvesting knife, a third harvesting knife and a mounting head, wherein the first harvesting knife, the second harvesting knife, the third harvesting knife and the mounting head are used for harvesting mature pleurotus eryngii; the first harvesting knife, the second harvesting knife and the third harvesting knife are arranged around the mounting head.

Further, the harvesting device also comprises a movable driving device for driving the harvesting part to move, and a lifting driving device for driving the harvesting part to lift.

Further, in the step (1), the medium is a wheat seed medium.

Further, the wheat seed culture medium comprises a main material and an auxiliary material.

Further, the main material comprises wheat grains.

Further, the wheat grains account for 85-90% of the wheat seed culture medium by weight.

Further, the wheat grains account for 88 percent of the weight of the wheat grain culture medium.

Further, the auxiliary materials comprise rice powder and gypsum.

Further, the auxiliary materials account for 10-15% of the wheat seed culture medium by weight.

Further, the wheat grains, the rice powder and the gypsum are mixed according to the weight percentage of 88 percent, 10 percent and 2 percent, and the PH value is 7.5-8.

After the structure is adopted, the excellent pleurotus eryngii breeding method has the following beneficial effects that:

the strain spores are bred in three breeding modes of A, B and C, and then antagonistic selection is adopted to select dominant strains with stable genetic characters, so that the quality of pleurotus eryngii is improved, and the survival rate of the pleurotus eryngii is higher; through the inoculation of the advantage bacterial with the apricot bao mushroom in the cultivation bottle, cut apart the region to the opening of cultivation bottle, make the apricot bao mushroom be in corresponding regional growth, crowded together when having avoided the apricot bao mushroom to go out the mushroom, do benefit to follow-up work of gathering to ripe apricot bao mushroom, separate stopper and cultivation bottle's cooperation convenient and fast, the loading and unloading of being convenient for, the work efficiency is improved, gather ripe apricot bao mushroom through the harvesting device, remove the staff from and gather, save the labour, the work efficiency is improved, and the labor cost is reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional structure of a fruiting room of the excellent pleurotus eryngii breeding method of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional structure of a cultivation frame for a good Pleurotus eryngii breeding method according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an assembly structure of a cultivation bottle and a partition part of the excellent Pleurotus eryngii breeding method according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a harvesting part and an opening and closing driving device of a good pleurotus eryngii breeding method according to the present invention.

In the figure: 1-cultivation bottle, 2-partition part, 3-cultivation frame, 4-mushroom growing room, 21-partition plug, 211-partition hole, 212-annular bulge, 31-containing part, 32-frame body, 311-containing cavity, 321-universal wheel, 5-harvesting device, 51-harvesting part, 52-opening and closing driving device, 511-first harvesting knife, 512-second harvesting knife, 513-third harvesting knife and 514-mounting head.

Detailed Description

In order to further explain the technical solution of the present invention, the following detailed description is given by way of specific examples.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the method for breeding superior pleurotus eryngii of the present invention comprises the following steps:

(4) cultivation: inoculating the dominant strains into a cultivation container filled with a culture material, sending the cultivation container into a fungus culturing room, and transferring the cultivation container to a fruiting room 4 to fruiting after fungus is produced;

(5) harvesting: and (4) harvesting the mature pleurotus eryngii.

Thus, the strain spores are bred in three breeding modes of A, B and C, and then antagonistic selection is adopted to select dominant strains with stable genetic characters, so that the quality of pleurotus eryngii is improved, and the survival rate of the pleurotus eryngii is higher; through the inoculation with the advantage bacterial of apricot bao mushroom in cultivation bottle 1, cut apart the region to the opening of cultivation bottle 1, make the apricot bao mushroom be in corresponding regional growth, crowded together when having avoided the apricot bao mushroom to go out the mushroom, do benefit to follow-up work of gathering to ripe apricot bao mushroom, separate stopper and cultivation bottle 1's cooperation convenient and fast, be convenient for load and unload, improve work efficiency, gather ripe apricot bao mushroom through harvesting device 5, remove the staff from and gather, save the labour, improve work efficiency, and labor cost is reduced.

Preferably, in step (4), the cultivation container includes a cultivation bottle 1. The growth environment of the pleurotus eryngii is more stable through the cultivation bottle 1.

Preferably, the cultivation bottle further comprises a partition part 2 for dividing the opening of the cultivation bottle 1 into a plurality of areas. Divide into a plurality of regions through partition portion 2 with the opening, make the apricot bao mushroom grow in corresponding region, avoid crowding together in the growth process, do benefit to the growth of apricot bao mushroom, facilitate for follow-up harvesting process simultaneously.

Preferably, the partition 2 comprises a partition plug 21 removably connected to the bottle mouth. The separation plug 21 is inserted into the bottleneck of the cultivation bottle 1, so that the assembly is convenient and rapid, and the efficiency is improved.

Preferably, the partition plug 21 is provided with a plurality of partition holes 211 for growing pleurotus eryngii, and the plurality of partition holes 211 are communicated with the opening. Each pleurotus eryngii grows in the corresponding area, and after the pleurotus eryngii grows to a certain degree and penetrates through the separation holes 211, the separation holes 211 have a limiting effect, so that the growth environment of the pleurotus eryngii is better.

Preferably, the bottom end of the partition plug 21 is provided with an annular protrusion 212 extending in the axial direction, and the partition plug 21 is frictionally coupled to the neck of the cultivation bottle 1 by the annular protrusion 212. The installation of the separating plug 21 is convenient and fast, and the working efficiency is improved.

Preferably, in the step (4), after the fungus is discharged, the cultivation bottles 1 are neatly placed on the cultivation shelves 3, and then the cultivation shelves 3 are sent into the mushroom discharging room 4. Through putting the cultivation container neatly on cultivation frame 3, improve space utilization to and the harvest of the mature back of apricot bao mushroom is convenient.

Preferably, the cultivation shelf 3 includes a holding part 31 for holding the cultivation bottles 1, and a shelf body 32 for carrying the holding part 31. The cultivation bottle 1 is contained through the containing part 31, and the containing part 31 is borne by the frame body 32, so that the whole structure is more stable and reliable.

Preferably, the upper surface of the containing part 31 is formed with a plurality of containing holes for containing and positioning the cultivation bottles 1. The cultivation bottle 1 is positioned through the accommodating hole, so that the cultivation bottle 1 is not easy to incline and overturn.

Preferably, the upper surface of the accommodating part 31 is formed with an accommodating cavity 311 for accommodating the cultivation bottle 1. The cultivation bottle 1 is placed into the containing cavity 311, so that the cultivation bottle 1 is not easy to incline and overturn, and the growth of the pleurotus eryngii is more stable.

Preferably, in order to promote the growth of pleurotus eryngii, the upper surface of the receiving cavity 311 is provided with a fixing member for fixing the cultivation bottle 1.

Preferably, the fixing means includes a fixing ring fitted over the outer wall of the cultivation bottle 1 for better growth of pleurotus eryngii.

Preferably, the fixing ring is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the accommodating cavity 311. The structure of the cultivation bottle 1 is more stable, and the growth of the pleurotus eryngii is not interfered.

Preferably, a receiving groove for receiving the accommodating part 31 is formed on a side surface of the frame body 32; the holding part 31 is installed on the receiving groove. Be convenient for hold part 31 and accomodate and take out, improve space utilization.

Preferably, the containing part 31 and the containing groove are in a pull-type sliding connection. The holding part 31 is simple, fast, stable and smooth to store and take out.

Preferably, the holding groove of frame body 32 is equipped with a plurality of parts 31 that hold from last equidistant to down. Through a plurality of parts 31 that hold, improve space utilization, make the room of fruiting 4 hold more cultivation bottles 1 that supply the growth of apricot bao mushroom.

Preferably, universal wheels 321 are provided at the bottom of the frame body 32. Through the setting of universal wheel 321, make cultivation frame 3 more easily by being removed to fruiting room 4 in, practice thrift the labour, improve work efficiency.

Preferably, in order to improve space utilization, the number of the cultivation shelves 3 is n, which is a natural number, and the cultivation shelves 3 are arranged in an nxn manner.

Preferably, in the step (4), the compost is wood chip compost. The wood chip culture material has short culture time, low cost and easily obtained raw materials.

Preferably, in order to make the culture effect of the culture material better, the wood chip culture material comprises a main material and an auxiliary material.

Preferably, the main material comprises pine wood chips. The pine sawdust culture needs short time, the cost is low, and the raw materials are easy to obtain.

Preferably, in order to ensure that the culture effect of the culture material is better, the pine sawdust accounts for 75-85% of the weight of the wood chip culture material.

Preferably, in order to make the culture effect of the culture material better, the pine wood chips account for 76% of the wood chip culture material by weight.

Preferably, in order to make the culture effect of the culture material better, the auxiliary materials comprise bran, gypsum and sucrose.

Preferably, in order to ensure that the culture effect of the culture material is better, the auxiliary materials account for 15-25% of the weight of the wood chip culture material.

Preferably, pine sawdust, bran, gypsum and sucrose are mixed by 76%, 22%, 1% and 1% by weight in order to improve the cultivation effect of the compost.

Preferably, in order to make the culture effect of the culture material better, the water content of the wood chip culture material is 65%.

Preferably, in the step (5), the mature pleurotus eryngii is subjected to a harvesting treatment by the harvesting device 5. Through harvesting device 5, improve the efficiency of gathering.

Preferably, the harvesting device 5 includes a plurality of harvesting parts 51 corresponding to the cultivation shelves 3 one by one, and an opening and closing driving device 52 that drives the harvesting parts 51 to open and close. The opening and closing driving device 52 drives the harvesting part 51 to open and close, and mature pleurotus eryngii is harvested one by one.

The harvesting part 51 preferably comprises a first harvesting knife 511, a second harvesting knife 512, a third harvesting knife 513 and a mounting head 514 for harvesting the mature pleurotus eryngii; the first collecting blade 511, the second collecting blade 512, and the third collecting blade 513 are disposed around the mounting head 514. The pleurotus eryngii is cut off and harvested through the first harvesting knife 511, the second harvesting knife 512 and the third harvesting knife 513, and the knife edges are smooth, so that the pleurotus eryngii can be conveniently trimmed subsequently.

Preferably, the harvesting device 5 further comprises a moving driving device for driving the harvesting part 51 to move, and a lifting driving device for driving the harvesting part 51 to lift. The harvesting part 51 is driven to be above each cultivation bottle 1 through the moving driving device, then the cultivation bottles 1 descend to harvest mature pleurotus eryngii in each cultivation bottle 1, the harvesting part 51 is driven to ascend and descend to the position of each containing part 31 through the lifting driving device, and the pleurotus eryngii in each containing part 31 is harvested.

Preferably, in step (1), the medium is a wheat seed medium. The wheat seed culture medium needs short time, and has low cost and easily obtained raw materials.

Preferably, the wheat seed culture medium comprises a main material and an auxiliary material in order to make the culture effect of the culture medium better.

Preferably, the main material comprises wheat grains for better culture effect of the culture medium.

Preferably, the wheat grains account for 85-90% of the wheat seed culture medium by weight in order to make the culture effect of the culture medium better.

Preferably, in order to make the culture effect of the culture medium better, the wheat grains account for 88% of the wheat seed culture medium by weight.

Preferably, in order to make the culture effect of the culture medium better, the auxiliary materials comprise rice powder and gypsum.

Preferably, in order to make the culture effect of the culture medium better, the auxiliary materials account for 10-15% of the weight of the wheat seed culture medium.

Preferably, in order to make the culture effect of the culture medium better, the wheat grains, the rice flour and the gypsum are mixed according to the weight percentage of 88 percent, 10 percent and 2 percent, and the pH value is 7.5-8.

The product form of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments and examples shown in the present application, and any suitable changes or modifications of the similar ideas should be made without departing from the patent scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for breeding excellent pleurotus eryngii is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(5) harvesting: and (4) harvesting the mature pleurotus eryngii.

2. The method for breeding the excellent pleurotus eryngii according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (4), the cultivation container includes a cultivation bottle.

3. The method for breeding the excellent pleurotus eryngii according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: also comprises a partition part for dividing the opening of the cultivation bottle into a plurality of areas.

4. The excellent pleurotus eryngii breeding method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: the partition comprises a partition plug removably connected to the bottle mouth.

5. The method for breeding the excellent pleurotus eryngii according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: the separating plug is provided with a plurality of separating holes for the pleurotus eryngii to grow out, and the plurality of separating holes are communicated with the opening.

6. The method for breeding the excellent pleurotus eryngii according to claim 5, which is characterized in that: the bottom end of the separation plug is provided with an annular bulge extending along the axial direction, and the separation plug is in friction connection with the bottleneck of the cultivation bottle through the annular bulge.

7. The method for breeding the excellent pleurotus eryngii according to claim 6, which is characterized in that: in the step (4), after fungus emergence, the cultivation bottles are neatly placed on the cultivation frame, and then the cultivation frame is sent into a mushroom emergence room.

8. The method for breeding the excellent pleurotus eryngii according to claim 7, which is characterized in that: the cultivation frame comprises a containing part for containing the cultivation bottles and a frame body for bearing the containing part.

9. The method for breeding the excellent pleurotus eryngii according to claim 8, which is characterized in that: the upper surface of the containing part is provided with a plurality of containing holes for containing and positioning the cultivation bottles.

10. The method for breeding the excellent pleurotus eryngii according to claim 8, which is characterized in that: the upper surface of the containing part is provided with a containing cavity for containing the cultivation bottle.