JP2000069845A - Cultivation of mushroom fruit body in container - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for cultivating mushroom fruit bodies, having a low possibility of a pollution with sundry germs, capable of obtaining good quality fruit bodies efficiently, at a low cost and in a work saving way. SOLUTION: This method for cultivating mushroom fruit bodies in a container, comprises a process of taking off by raking the surface of a fungal bed formed by cultivating spawns in a medium in >=1 cultivating containers, a process of adding a suitable amount of water for maintaining an effective humidity for forming a rudiment for the mushroom fruit bodies in the cultivating container, and a process for forming the rudiment of the mushroom fruit bodies by cultivating in a state that essentially no leak of water content from the container, while maintaining the temperature in the cultivating container at an approximately 0-10 deg.C lower than the cultivating temperature for the spawns.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a method for cultivating mushroom fruit bodies in a container.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Many fruit bodies of edible mushrooms (for example, oyster mushroom, bunashimeji, enokitake, nameko, eryngii, etc.) currently on the market are obtained by artificial cultivation. For the artificial cultivation of fruiting bodies, (i) can be used semi-permanently (available for 20 years); (ii) the cultivation scale is small and easy to handle; (iii) shelves, shelves, etc. Cultivation bottles can be arranged three-dimensionally, and the space can be used effectively; therefore, polypropylene heat-resistant bottles are often used.

[0003] Fruit bodies are generally cultivated in the steps shown in Table 1.

[0004]

[Table 1]

[0005] A good fruiting body can be obtained only after each of these series of cultivation steps is complete. In this series of cultivation processes, a process that is particularly difficult to manage and that is likely to cause a decrease in the yield and quality of the fruiting body is a “budding process”.

[0006] The conventional sprouting step is generally performed by the following method.

[0007] The cultivation bottle from which the bacteria have been scraped is carried into a room called a sprout room. Humidify the sprouting chamber at the appropriate temperature, adjusting the ventilation conditions. Humidity of sprouting room is 90-95
Maintain at% RH. In the sprouting room, it is common to open the lid of the cultivation bottle and germinate with the bacterial bed exposed, and when the cultivation bottle is closed, carbon dioxide gas accumulates in the cultivation bottle and the carbon dioxide gas concentration rises The germination rate is low, so it is not good. After germination and formation of the mushroom fruit body primordia, the cultivation bottle is moved to a growth room.

[0008] Normally, when cultivating fruit bodies on a commercial scale, the germination chamber is routinely humidified and used, so that the entire germination chamber tends to be unsanitary. When germination is performed in an unsanitary germination chamber, there is a high probability that the bacterial bed will be contaminated with various bacteria. Contamination of the bacterial bed by various germs is a cause of deterioration of the fruiting body. In fact,
Malformation of the fruit body of mushrooms is almost always caused by bacterial contamination in the "budding process". For example, it is known that oyster mushroom rot and eryngii rot are caused by reproduction of Psuedomonas tolaasii. In the case of severe bacterial contamination, no fruiting body is obtained or the yield is extremely low.

In addition, since the humidification of the sprouting chamber is generally performed using a humidifier, the humidity may vary depending on the location in the sprouting chamber. Therefore, depending on the position where the cultivation bottle for mushrooms is placed in the sprouting room, the bacterial bed becomes excessively humidified or becomes slightly dry. If the bed becomes too humidified,
There is a problem that germ contamination is likely to occur and the obtained fruit body is likely to be soft. When the bacterial bed becomes slightly dry, there is a problem that germination does not occur, or even when germination occurs, the timing is irregular.

In the sprouting room, cultivation bottles are often spatially arranged using shelves. In such cases, usually
16 cultivation bottles that have been "scratched" are arranged in one container, and this container is arranged as a unit on the shelves in the sprouting room. After sprouts, they are moved to the growing room. The work to put on the "shelf" is called "shelf shelving." However, since the weight of the container in which the cultivation bottles are arranged is about 11 kg and is heavy, moving the shelves and moving to the growing room is a heavy labor.

Furthermore, in the conventional sprouting method, the sprouting chamber is humidified and the humidity is high, and thus there is a problem that there is a risk of electric leakage.

It is recommended to use a fin cooler instead of a fan cooler as an air conditioner for circulating the air in the germination chamber and controlling the temperature and humidity. The fan cooler has a disadvantage that the bacterial bed surface is dried due to a large amount of wind generated. The fin cooler has an advantage that the amount of generated wind is small, but also has a problem that equipment cost and electric power cost are expensive.

In order to save the labor of shelving, a method without using a shelf, that is, a method of arranging cultivation bottles in containers after scraping the bacteria and stacking the containers has been proposed. However, in this method, the air flow between the cultivation bottles is insufficient, and the heat generated from the mycelium during sprouting is liable to build up,
Due to a temperature disorder, germination of fruiting bodies may not be observed, or even when germinating, fruiting bodies may become irregular in shape. In addition, in this method, since the bottom surface of the dirty container is in direct contact with the opening of the bottle in a humidified state, there is a problem that germ contamination occurs frequently.

As described above, it is difficult to efficiently obtain good-quality mushroom fruit bodies by the conventional sprouting method.

[0015]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention is intended to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is possible to efficiently obtain a high-quality fruiting body with low possibility of contamination by various germs and to reduce the cost. The aim is to provide a labor-free method.

[0016]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors closed the cultivation bottle lid in the sprouting step which had conventionally been required to be performed with the lid of the cultivation bottle opened and the bacterial bed exposed. The present inventors have found that by performing the treatment in a state, the probability of contamination by various bacteria is reduced as compared with the related art and that uniform germination can be obtained, and the present invention has been completed.

The method for cultivating fruit bodies of mushrooms in a container according to the present invention comprises the steps of: scraping the surface of a fungal bed formed by culturing mushroom hyphae in a medium in one or more cultivation containers; Adding a suitable amount of water to the cultivation container to maintain a humidity effective for the formation of mushroom fruiting body primordia, and substantially removing water from inside the cultivation container. Culturing the fungal bed in a state where there is no leakage and maintaining the temperature in the cultivation container at a temperature lower by about 0 to 10 ° C. than the cultivation temperature of the mycelium, thereby forming a fruit body primordium of mushrooms, Include. The cultivation container may be a heat-resistant bottle made of polypropylene. The step of adding the water may be performed by spraying the water. The condition without substantial loss of water is achieved by capping the cultivation container, and maintaining the temperature can be performed by air cooling the cultivation container.

The method for growing fruit bodies of mushrooms in a container according to the present invention comprises a step of scraping a surface of a mushroom bed formed in each of a plurality of cultivation containers contained in the container; A step of adding an appropriate amount of moisture to maintain the effective humidity for forming the mushroom fruit body primordium in the cultivation container, a step of capping each of the cultivation containers, a plurality of covered cultivation containers. The containers that were housed were piled up across the pier,
Thereby forming a space necessary for the flow of air between the cultivation vessels, and maintaining the inside of the cultivation vessel at a temperature lower by about 0 to 10 ° C. than the culture temperature of the bacterial bed by circulating air through the space. Process.

[0019]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The cultivation method of the present invention will be described in detail below.

1. Mushroom In the present specification, mushrooms may be fungi belonging to any species as long as fungi can be grown on a bed and can form fruiting bodies. Examples of mushrooms include Pleurotus
Genus, Lentinus, Flammulina, Hypsizigus, Grifol
Genus a, Pholiota, Auricularia, Agrocybe, Herici
Genus um, Agaricus, Lyophyllum, Tricholoma, Rhiz
Bacteria belonging to the genus opagon or the genus Tuber can be mentioned. Preferably, eryngii (Pleurotus eryngii), shiitake (Lentinus edodes), enoki mushroom (Flammulina veluti)
pes), oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), white mushroom (Hypsizigus ulmarius), beetle (Hypsizigu)
s marmoreus), Maitake (Grifola frondosa), Nameko (Pholiota nameko), Jellyfish (Auricularia auric)
ula), mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus), willow matsutake (Agrocybe cylindracea), yamabushitake (He
ricium erinaceum), Agaricus (Agaricus blaze)
i), Lyophyllum shimeji, Matsutake (T
richoloma matsutake), Bakamatsutake (Tricholoma ba)
kamatsutake), truffle (Tuber melanosporum), or shouro (Rhizopagon rubescens), more preferably eryngii, oyster mushroom, bunashimeji, enokitake, or nameko.

2. Medium composition and preparation Composition The composition of the medium used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and any medium conventionally developed or used for cultivation of various mushrooms can be used.

The medium is generally a sawdust or wood chips obtained from wood of at least one of hardwood and conifer; cereals such as millet, millet, millet, rice, sugarcane, corn, wheat (for example, wheat, barley and rye). Ingredients (eg, rice bran, corn bran, corn cob, corn bran, barley bran, barley ground, bran, straw, rice husk, and sugar cane bagasse); humus; Food production by-products such as okara, soybean husk, coffee grounds, liquor grounds; lignin; cottonseed halblanc; coconut peat; moss; horticultural soil; lime;
A liquid fertilizer for plants and the like can be used in any combination.

For cultivation of Pleurotus mushrooms (for example, eryngii), for example, a medium containing at least one of sawdust, rice bran, and bran can be used. The typical composition is about 10 to 100 parts by weight of sawdust and about 10 to
About 30 parts by weight and about 10 to about 30 parts by weight of bran.

Mushrooms of the genus Lentinus (eg, shiitake mushroom)
For cultivation, for example, sawdust, wood chips, rice bran,
And a culture medium containing at least one kind of bran. A typical composition is, for 100 parts by weight of sawdust, about 10 to about 30 parts by weight of wood chips, about 10 to about 30 parts by weight of rice bran,
And about 10 to about 30 parts by weight of bran.

For the cultivation of mushrooms of the genus Flammulina (for example, enoki mushrooms), for example, a medium containing at least one of sawdust, corn cob, rice bran, and dried okara may be used. A typical composition is about 10 to about 20 parts by weight of corn cob and about 20 to about 20 parts by weight of rice bran for 100 parts by weight of sawdust.
About 50 parts by weight.

For the cultivation of mushrooms of the genus Hypsizigus (eg, white mushrooms), for example, sawdust, corn cob,
A medium containing at least one of rice bran, and bran may be used. A typical composition is about 10 to about 50 parts by weight of rice bran and about 10 to about 50 parts of bran for 100 parts by weight of sawdust.
Parts by weight.

Mushrooms of the genus Grifola (eg, Maitake)
For cultivation, a medium containing at least one of sawdust, corn bran, bran, and okara can be used. A typical composition is based on 100 parts by weight of sawdust.
About 10 to about 50 parts by weight of corn bran, and about 10 to about
50 parts by weight.

For cultivation of mushrooms of the genus Pholiota (eg, nameko), a medium containing at least one of sawdust, rice bran, bran, and corn bran can be used. A typical composition is based on 100 parts by weight of sawdust.
About 10 to about 50 parts by weight of rice bran, and about 10 to about 30 parts by weight of bran.

For cultivation of Auricularia mushrooms (eg, jellyfish), a medium containing at least one of sawdust, corncob, rice bran, and bran can be used, for example. A typical composition is based on 100 parts by weight of sawdust.
About 5 to about 10 parts by weight of corn cob, and about 20 to about 50 of rice bran
Parts by weight.

For cultivation of Agrocybe mushrooms (for example, Salix matsutake), for example, a medium containing at least one of sawdust, rice bran, bran, corn cob, and corn bran can be used. The typical composition is sawdust 10
The amount is about 10 to about 30 parts by weight of rice bran and about 10 to about 30 parts by weight of bran for 0 parts by weight.

For cultivation of mushrooms of the genus Hericium (eg, Yamabushitake), for example, sawdust, rice bran, bran,
A medium containing at least one of corn cob and corn bran may be used. A typical composition is about 10 to about 30 parts by weight of rice bran and about 10 to about 30 parts by weight of bran per 100 parts by weight of sawdust.

For cultivation of mushrooms of the genus Agaricus (eg, Agaricus), for example, a medium containing at least one of sawdust, rice bran, compost, and millet can be used. A typical composition is about 2 parts of rice bran for 100 parts by weight of sawdust.
0 to about 40 parts by weight, and about 10 to about 20 parts by weight of compost.

Lyophyllum, Tricholoma, Rhizopagon
For cultivation of mushrooms of the genus Tuber (eg, Hon-shimeji, Matsutake, Shoro, Truffle), for example, a medium containing at least one of sawdust, humus, rice bran, bran, and lignin may be used. A typical composition is about 20 to about 100 parts by weight of humus per 100 parts by weight of sawdust.
About 20 to about 35 parts by weight of rice bran, about 20 to about 35 parts by weight of bran, and about 0 to 7 parts by weight of lignin.

Suitable medium compositions for various mushrooms are known to those skilled in the art.

The above-mentioned medium components are mixed, and water is added and kneaded according to a method well known to those skilled in the art to prepare a medium used in the cultivation method of the present invention.

[0036] The medium is contained in a suitable cultivation container. The shape, size, material, and the like of the cultivation container are not limited as long as the container can withstand sterilization. A bottle having a capacity of 850 ml and a diameter of 58 mm which is most commonly used in mushroom cultivation may be used, or another cultivation container, for example, a bag for bag cultivation may be used.

3. Sterilization The above-mentioned culture medium for artificial cultivation is subjected to a sterilization treatment as it is or after being packed in a cultivation container. Sterilization conditions are:
Within the range of commonly used sterilization conditions,
There is no particular limitation. Examples of the sterilization method include high-pressure steam sterilization and normal-pressure steam sterilization. For example, about 121 ° C
Autoclaving at about 60 minutes is preferred.

4. Inoculation To prepare the inoculum, the mycelium or spores may be collected from any of the fruiting bodies of the mushrooms, whether natural or artificially cultivated, and used by growing them in a culture medium, or stored at a microorganism depositary institution or a research institution. The hyphae of the present strain may be used by growing it in a medium. Inoculation is performed by mixing the obtained inoculum and the sterilized medium. The volume ratio between the inoculum and the medium is not particularly limited, but is about 1: 100 to about 1:25.
It is preferred that

5. Cultivation In order to cultivate the mushroom fruit body, first, the inoculum inoculated in the medium is cultured, the mycelium of the mushroom is grown, the fungus is completed, and a bacterial bed is formed (the mycelium spreads throughout the entire medium). The state where the bacteria were turned around was completed.) Culture conditions are not particularly limited as long as the mushrooms can grow. Culture conditions suitable for various mushrooms are known in the art.

In general, conditions suitable for culturing bacteria belonging to the genus Pleurotus include a temperature of about 12 ° C. to about 28 ° C., a humidity of about 50% RH to about 80% RH, and a CO ₂ concentration of about 3000ppm
It is as follows. Preferably, the temperature is from about 15 ° C. to about 24 ° C., the humidity is from about 60% RH to about 75% RH, and the CO ₂ concentration is about 2%.
It is 500 ppm or less. More preferably, the temperature is about 20 ° C., the humidity is about 65% RH to about 70% RH, and the CO ₂ concentration is about 2000 ppm or less.

Conditions suitable for cultivation of bacteria belonging to the genus Lentinus generally include a temperature of about 12 ° C. to about 26 ° C. and a humidity of
About 50% RH or more and about 80% RH or less, and the CO ₂ concentration is about 3000 ppm or less. Preferably, the temperature is from about 15 ° C to about 24 ° C,
Humidity of about 60% RH or more about 75% RH or less, CO ₂ concentration is about 2000p
pm or less. More preferably, the temperature is about 22 ° C. and the humidity is about 65
% RH or more and about 70% RH or less, CO ₂ concentration about 1500 ppm or less.

In general, conditions suitable for culturing bacteria belonging to the genus Flammulina include a temperature of about 10 ° C. to about 22 ° C., a humidity of about 50% RH to about 80% RH, and a CO ₂ concentration of about 50% RH to about 80% RH. 3000ppm
It is as follows. Preferably, the temperature is from about 14 ° C. to about 20 ° C., the humidity is from about 60% RH to about 75% RH, and the CO ₂ concentration is about 2%.
000 ppm or less. More preferably, the temperature is about 18 ° C., the humidity is about 65% RH to about 70% RH, and the CO ₂ concentration is about 1500 ppm or less.

Conditions suitable for cultivation of bacteria belonging to the genus Hypsizigus generally include a temperature of about 10 ° C. to about 26 ° C., a humidity of about 50% RH to about 80% RH, and a CO ₂ concentration of about 3000ppm
It is as follows. Preferably, the temperature is from about 15 ° C. to about 24 ° C., the humidity is from about 60% RH to about 75% RH, and the CO ₂ concentration is about 2%.
000 ppm or less. More preferably, the temperature is about 20 ° C., the humidity is about 65% RH to about 70% RH, and the CO ₂ concentration is about 1500 ppm or less.

The conditions suitable for cultivation of bacteria belonging to the genus Grifola generally include a temperature of about 15 ° C. or more and about 28 ° C. or less, and a humidity of
About 50% RH or more and about 80% RH or less, and the CO ₂ concentration is about 3000 ppm or less. Preferably, the temperature is from about 18 ° C to about 25 ° C,
Humidity of about 60% RH or more about 75% RH or less, CO ₂ concentration is about 2500p
pm or less. More preferably, the temperature is about 23 ° C. and the humidity is about 70
% RH or more and about 75% RH or less and CO ₂ concentration about 2000ppm or less.

[0045] Conditions suitable for cultivation of bacteria belonging to the genus Pholiota generally include a temperature of about 12 ° C to about 28 ° C and a humidity of
About 50% RH or more and about 80% RH or less, and the CO ₂ concentration is about 3000 ppm or less. Preferably, the temperature is from about 15 ° C to about 24 ° C,
Humidity of about 60% RH or more about 75% RH or less, CO ₂ concentration is about 2500p
pm or less. More preferably, the temperature is about 20 ° C. and the humidity is about 65
% RH or more and about 70% RH or less, CO ₂ concentration about 2000 ppm or less.

The conditions suitable for cultivation of bacteria belonging to the genus Auricularia generally include a temperature of about 15 ° C. to about 30 ° C., a humidity of about 50% RH to 80% RH, and a CO ₂ concentration of about 3000 ppm. It is as follows. Preferably, the temperature is from about 18 ° C. to about 22 ° C., the humidity is from about 60% RH to about 75% RH, and the CO ₂ concentration is about 2%.
000 ppm or less. More preferably, the temperature is about 20 ° C., the humidity is about 65% RH to about 70% RH, and the CO ₂ concentration is about 1500 ppm or less.

Conditions suitable for cultivation of bacteria belonging to the genus Agrocybe generally include a temperature of about 18 ° C. to about 30 ° C. and a humidity of about
50% RH or more and about 80% RH or less, and the CO ₂ concentration is about 3000 ppm or less. Preferably, the temperature is about 20 ° C. to about 28 ° C., the humidity is about 55% RH to about 70% RH, and the CO ₂ concentration is about 2000 ppm.
It is as follows. More preferably, the temperature is about 24 ° C and the humidity is about 60%
It is RH or more and about 65% RH or less, and CO ₂ concentration is about 1500 ppm or less.

The conditions suitable for cultivation of bacteria belonging to the genus Hericium generally include a temperature of about 13 ° C. or more and about 25 ° C. or less, and a humidity of about
50% RH or more and about 80% RH or less, and the CO ₂ concentration is about 3000 ppm or less. Preferably, the temperature is about 15 ° C. to about 23 ° C., the humidity is about 60% RH to about 75% RH, and the CO ₂ concentration is about 2000 ppm.
It is as follows. More preferably, the temperature is about 20 ° C and the humidity is about 65%
It is RH or more and about 70% RH or less, and CO ₂ concentration is about 1500 ppm or less.

The conditions suitable for cultivation of bacteria belonging to the genus Agaricus generally include a temperature of about 15 ° C. to about 30 ° C. and a humidity of about
The concentration is 50% RH or more and about 75% RH or less, and the CO ₂ concentration is about 2500 ppm or less. Preferably, the temperature is about 20 ° C. to about 28 ° C., the humidity is about 60% RH to about 70% RH, and the CO ₂ concentration is about 2000 ppm.
It is as follows. More preferably, the temperature is about 25 ° C and the humidity is about 60%
It is RH or more and about 70% RH or less, and CO ₂ concentration is about 1500 ppm or less.

Lyophyllum, Tricholoma, Rhizopagon
Genus, conditions suitable for the culture of mycorrhizal fungi belonging to the genus Tuber, etc., generally, the temperature is about 20 ° C or more and about 26 ° C or less, and the humidity is
About 50% RH or more and about 75% RH or less, and the CO ₂ concentration is about 2000 ppm or less. Preferably, the temperature is from about 22 ° C to about 24 ° C,
Humidity of about 60% RH or more about and below 70% RH, CO ₂ concentration is about 1500p
pm or less. More preferably, the temperature is about 23 ° C. and the humidity is about 60
% RH or more and about 70% RH or less, CO ₂ concentration about 1500 ppm or less.

The light irradiation may or may not be performed, but is preferably performed under dark conditions.

[0052] The time required for circulating bacteria varies depending on the capacity of the container used for culturing (the capacity of the medium). After completion of the fungus rotation, the culture is continued for several more days to mature the hypha and promote the development of fruiting bodies. However, aging is not necessary.

The ripening period may be generally about 0 to about 15 days, preferably about 3 to about 7 days for bacteria belonging to the genus Pleurotus. If the bacterium belongs to the genus Lentinus, usually about 20 days or more and about 100 days or less, preferably about 30 days
It can be no less than about 80 days. If it is a bacterium belonging to the genus Flammulina, it may usually be about 0 to about 7 days, preferably about 2 to about 4 days. If it is a bacterium belonging to the genus Hypsizigus, it may be usually about 20 days to about 80 days, preferably about 30 days to about 80 days. If it is a bacterium belonging to the genus Grifola, it can usually be about 7 to about 30 days, preferably about 10 to about 20 days. If it is a bacterium belonging to the genus Pholiota, it can usually be about 10 to about 40 days, preferably about 15 to about 30 days. If it is a bacterium belonging to the genus Auricularia, it may usually be about 0 to about 20 days, preferably about 2 to about 10 days. If it is a bacterium belonging to the genus Agrocybe, it may be usually about 0 to about 8 days, preferably about 2 to about 6 days. If it is a bacterium belonging to the genus Hericium, it can usually be about 0 to about 6 days, preferably about 2 to about 4 days. If it is a bacterium belonging to the genus Agaricus, it can usually be about 5 to about 20 days, preferably about 10 to about 15 days. And Lyophy
The mycorrhizal fungi belonging to the genus llum, the genus Tricholoma, the genus Rhizopagon, and the genus Tuber can be usually from about 5 to about 30 days, preferably from about 15 to about 20 days.

6. After bacterial cultivation, the surface of the bacterial bed is scraped (this is referred to as bacterial scraping). Examples of the method of scraping bacteria include "bukikaki", "hiragaki", and "manjugaki" which are well known to those skilled in the art.
And the like, but not limited thereto. In the scraping of bacteria, generally, the cultivation container in which cultivation is completed is opened, and the surface of the bacterial bed is scraped. The thickness of the surface that is scraped off by the fungus is generally about 5 to 10 mm. Thereafter, in order to add moisture to the culture medium, an appropriate amount of water is added to the bacterial bed to maintain the humidity effective for forming the mushroom fruit body primordia in the cultivation container. The addition of water is performed, for example, by pouring water into a cultivation container and draining it after a certain period of time, or adding a small amount of water (for example, when growing in a 850 cc bottle,
About 2 to 20 cc, preferably about 5 to 10 cc).

When the bacteria are scraped, effects such as the formation of the fruit body and the uniform growth of the fruit body can be obtained.

7. Sprouting After scraping the bacteria, sprouting operation is performed. First, after the bacteria are scraped, there is no substantial leakage of water from the cultivation container. For example, if the cultivation container is a bottle, cover it. "There is no substantial loss of water" means that the water required for the fruit body primordium is formed until the fruit body primordium is formed. Means less than about 5% of the water content. According to this method, since the moisture does not substantially escape from the cultivation container, humidification of the sprout chamber is not required, and the humidity effective for forming the mushroom fruit body primordia is maintained in the cultivation container. In addition, since the surface of the bacterial bed is not exposed to the unsanitary sprouting chamber, the possibility of contamination by germs is reduced.

The cultivation container may be stored on a shelf as it is, or may be stored in a container and the containers may be stacked. When a cultivation container is accommodated in a container, the container can be stacked on a trolley across a pier (sangi), thereby forming a space required for air circulation between the cultivation containers.
The material and size of the pier are not limited. Examples of the material of the crosspiece include wood, metal, plastic, and rubber. When the number of cultivation bottles is large, for example, by using an auto capper, the operation of closing the cultivation container is facilitated.

At the time of sprouting, the fungal bed is cultured while maintaining the temperature in the cultivation container at a temperature lower by about 0 to 10 ° C. than the temperature at which the mycelium was cultured in the culture described in the above item 5, and the mushroom fruit body primordia Is formed. Appropriate germination temperatures for various mushrooms are known to those skilled in the art. Mushroom mycelia often generate heat as they grow, and when the temperature in the cultivation container rises, the cultivation container can be air-cooled to a certain temperature by circulating air in the sprouting chamber. When the number of cultivation containers is large, the cultivation containers are housed in containers, and the containers are stacked with a pier sandwiched therebetween, whereby the temperature in the cultivation containers can be easily adjusted by air cooling. An air conditioner can be installed in the sprouting room to promote the flow of air in the sprouting room. Examples of the air conditioner include a fan cooler and a fin cooler. A fan cooler is preferable because the equipment cost and the power cost are low.

The sprouting temperature of bacteria belonging to the genus Pleurotus is
Usually, about 10 ° C or more and about 20 ° C or less, preferably about 15 ° C or more
It is at most 18 ° C, more preferably about 16 ° C.

The germination temperature of bacteria belonging to the genus Lentinus is generally about 10 ° C. or more and about 20 ° C. or less, preferably about 12 ° C. or more and about 18 ° C.
° C or lower, more preferably about 15 ° C.

The sprouting temperature of bacteria belonging to the genus Flammulina is
Usually, about 8 ° C or more and about 18 ° C or less, preferably about 10 ° C or more
It is 16 ° C. or lower, more preferably about 13 ° C.

The germination temperature of bacteria belonging to the genus Hypsizigus is
Usually, about 10 ° C or more and about 18 ° C or less, preferably about 14 ° C or more
It is 16 ° C. or lower, more preferably about 15 ° C.

The germination temperature of bacteria belonging to the genus Grifola is usually about 12 ° C. or more and about 24 ° C. or less, preferably about 18 ° C. or more and about 23 ° C.
C. or lower, more preferably about 22.degree.

The germination temperature of the bacteria belonging to the genus Pholiota is usually about 10 ° C. or more and about 18 ° C. or less, preferably about 12 ° C. or more and about 16 ° C.
° C or lower, more preferably about 14 ° C.

The germination temperature of bacteria belonging to the genus Auricularia is usually about 18 ° C. or more and about 27 ° C. or less, preferably about 20 ° C. or more and about 25 ° C. or less, and more preferably about 22 ° C.

The germination temperature of bacteria belonging to the genus Agrocybe is generally about 15 ° C. or more and about 22 ° C. or less, preferably about 18 ° C. or more and about
It is 20 ° C. or lower, more preferably about 19 ° C.

The germination temperature of bacteria belonging to the genus Hericium is generally about 13 ° C. or more and about 20 ° C. or less, preferably about 15 ° C. or more and about
20 ° C. or lower, more preferably about 17 ° C.

The germination temperature of bacteria belonging to the genus Agaricus is usually about 20 ° C. or more and about 30 ° C. or less, preferably about 22 ° C. or more and about
It is 28 ° C or less, more preferably about 25 ° C.

Lyophyllum, Tricholoma, Rhizopagon
The germination temperature of mycorrhizal fungi belonging to the genus Tuber is usually about 1
The temperature is from 4 ° C to about 20 ° C, preferably from about 16 ° C to about 20 ° C, more preferably about 18 ° C.

Light irradiation may or may not be performed. For example, a light cycle (about 50 to 100 Lux), a 12-hour dark condition, a 12-hour circadian cycle, or an all-day dark condition.

The number of days of cultivation under the conditions of sprouting is not particularly limited, and is until the formation of the fruit body primordium of the mushroom is recognized with the naked eye.

When the sprouting is completed, the cultivation container is released (for example, if the cultivation container is a bottle, the cap is removed), and the process proceeds to the growing step.

8. Growth The growth condition of the fruit body primordium obtained in the above 7 is not particularly limited as long as the mushroom can grow. Suitable growth conditions for various mushrooms are known.

For the genus Pleurotus, generally, the temperature is from about 10 ° C. to about 20 ° C., and the humidity is from about 80% RH to about 100% RH.
% RH or less, CO ₂ concentration is about 2000 ppm or less, preferably, the temperature is about 15 ° C. to about 18 ° C., and the humidity is about 85% RH to about 95%.
% RH or less, the CO ₂ concentration is about 1500 ppm or less, more preferably, the temperature is about 16 ° C., the humidity is about 90% RH, and the CO ₂ concentration is about 1000 ppm or less.

For the genus Lentinus, generally the temperature is
About 10 ° C or more and about 20 ° C or less, humidity is about 80% RH or more and about 100% RH
Hereinafter, the CO ₂ concentration is about 3000 ppm or less, preferably, the temperature is about 12 ° C. or more and about 18 ° C. or less, and the humidity is about 85% RH or more and about 95%.
RH or less, CO ₂ concentration is about 2000 ppm or less, more preferably,
The temperature is about 14 ° C, the humidity is about 90% RH, and the CO ₂ concentration is about 1500 ppm or less.

For the genus Flammulina, generally, the temperature is between about 4 ° C. and about 10 ° C., and the humidity is between about 80% RH and about 100 ° C.
% RH or less, CO ₂ concentration is about 4000 ppm or less, preferably, the temperature is about 5 ° C. to about 8 ° C., and the humidity is about 85% RH to about 95%.
% RH or less, the CO ₂ concentration is about 2500 ppm or less, more preferably, the temperature is about 7 ° C., the humidity is about 90% RH, and the CO ₂ concentration is about 2000 ppm or less.

For the genus Hypsizigus, generally, the temperature is from about 10 ° C. to about 18 ° C., and the humidity is from about 80% RH to about 100%.
% RH or less, CO ₂ concentration is about 3000 ppm or less, preferably, the temperature is about 12 ° C. to about 16 ° C., and the humidity is about 85% RH to about 95%.
% RH or less, the CO ₂ concentration is about 2000 ppm or less, more preferably, the temperature is about 15 ° C., the humidity is about 90% RH, and the CO ₂ concentration is about 1500 ppm or less.

For the genus Grifola, the temperature is generally
About 14 ° C or more and about 20 ° C or less, humidity about 85% RH or more and about 100% RH
Hereinafter, the CO ₂ concentration is about 2000 ppm or less, preferably, the temperature is about 16 ° C. or more and about 18 ° C. or less, and the humidity is about 90% RH or more and about 95%.
RH or less, CO ₂ concentration is about 1500 ppm or less, more preferably,
The temperature is about 17 ° C, the humidity is about 93% RH, and the CO ₂ concentration is about 1000 ppm or less.

For the genus Pholiota, the temperature is generally
About 10 ° C or more and about 18 ° C or less, humidity is about 85% RH or more and about 100% RH
Hereinafter, the CO ₂ concentration is about 3000 ppm or less, preferably, the temperature is about 12 ° C. to about 16 ° C., and the humidity is about 90% RH to about 100%.
% RH or less, the CO ₂ concentration is about 2500 ppm or less, more preferably, the temperature is about 14 ° C., the humidity is about 95% RH, and the CO ₂ concentration is about 2000 ppm or less.

For the genus Auricularia, generally, the temperature is from about 18 ° C. to about 27 ° C., and the humidity is from about 85% RH to about 100%.
% RH or less, CO ₂ concentration is about 3000 ppm or less, preferably, the temperature is about 20 ° C. to about 24 ° C., and the humidity is about 90% RH to about 95%.
% RH or less, the CO ₂ concentration is about 2000 ppm or less, more preferably, the temperature is about 22 ° C., the humidity is about 93% RH, and the CO ₂ concentration is about 1500 ppm or less.

For the genus Agrocybe, generally the temperature is
About 15 ° C or more and about 22 ° C or less, humidity is about 80% RH or more and about 100% RH
Hereinafter, the CO ₂ concentration is about 3000 ppm or less, preferably, the temperature is about 18 ° C. or more and about 20 ° C. or less, and the humidity is about 85% RH or more and about 95%.
RH or less, CO ₂ concentration is about 2000 ppm or less, more preferably,
The temperature is about 19 ° C, the humidity is about 90% RH, and the CO ₂ concentration is about 1500 ppm or less.

For the genus Hericium, the temperature is generally
About 13 ° C or more and about 20 ° C or less, humidity is about 85% or more and about 100% RH or less, CO ₂ concentration is about 2000 ppm or less, and preferably, the temperature is
About 15 ° C or more and about 18 ° C or less, humidity about 90% RH or more and about 95% RH or less, CO ₂ concentration about 1500 ppm or less, more preferably temperature about 17 ° C., humidity about 93% RH and CO ₂ concentration about It is 1000 ppm or less.

For the genus Agaricus, generally the temperature is
About 20 ° C or more and about 30 ° C or less, humidity is about 75% RH or more and about 95% RH or less, CO ₂ concentration is about 2500 ppm or less, preferably, the temperature is
About 22 ° C or more and about 28 ° C or less, humidity is about 80% RH or more and about 90% RH or less, CO ₂ concentration is about 2000 ppm or less, more preferably temperature is about 25 ° C., humidity is about 90% RH and CO ₂ concentration is about It is 1500 ppm or less.

Genus Lyophyllum, genus Tricholoma, Rhizopagon
For mycorrhizal fungi belonging to the genus Tuber, the temperature generally ranges from about 14 ° C to about 20 ° C, and the humidity ranges from about 75% RH to about 95%.
% RH or less, CO ₂ concentration is about 2000 ppm or less, preferably, the temperature is about 16 ° C. or more and about 20 ° C. or less, and the humidity is about 85% RH or more and about 95%.
% RH or less, the CO ₂ concentration is about 1800 ppm or less, more preferably, the temperature is about 18 ° C., the humidity is about 90% RH, and the CO ₂ concentration is about 1500 ppm or less.

In the growing step, light irradiation is required. The light irradiation is preferably performed at about 50 Lux or more and about 500 Lux or less for about 1 hour or more and about 8 hours or less per day.
About 100 hours or more and about 300 hours or less, about 1 hour or more and about 6 days a day
Hours or less, even more preferably about 100 Lux or more and about 200 L
It is about 3 hours per day below ux. In order to obtain the desired form of fruiting body, light irradiation and CO ₂ concentration are appropriately controlled.

The number of days for growing can vary depending on the growth conditions of the mushroom. When the mushroom fruit body has grown to a desired size, harvest the fruit body.

[0087]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.

(Example 1: Cultivation of eryngii) In this example, the cultivation of fruiting bodies of Pleurotus eryngii (hereinafter, eryngii) will be described. This mushroom is the most promising mushroom in recent years, because its fruiting body has a similar chewy texture to matsutake, but when cultured by conventional cultivation methods, the incidence of malformed fruiting bodies is reduced. It is known to be high. It has been suggested that malformation of fruiting bodies may be due in part to bacterial contamination during the germination process.

1. Preparation of culture medium The medium components shown in Table 2 below were mixed, and the diameter was 58 mm and the volume was 85.
Into 1,152 bottles of 0 cc polypropylene, a hole having a diameter of 18 mm was made at the center of the medium and a cap was fitted according to a conventional method. Next, high-pressure steam sterilization was performed at 118 ° C. for 45 minutes, and then cooled overnight in a clean room until the medium temperature reached 18 ° C.

[Table 2]

2. Inoculation of eryngii Spores were collected from the fruiting bodies of commercially available Pleurotus eryngii,
Germination and hyphal growth were performed on a potato dextrose agar medium (PDA medium). Germination and hyphal growth were performed for 25 days at 25 ° C., 65% RH and darkness. A 5 mm square piece of the cultured mycelium was newly inoculated into a PDA medium and cultured under the same conditions. This operation was repeated three times in total to purify the bacteria. The seeds were inoculated into a coniferous sawdust medium containing rice bran and special bran as a nutrient source.
The mixture of the hypha and the sawdust medium thus obtained was used as a seed. The inoculum was inoculated into the above medium in an amount of about 12 g per bottle according to a conventional method.

3. _3. Cultivation of fruiting bodies 3.1 Culture The cells were cultured in the dark, at a temperature of 22 ° C., a humidity of 70% RH, and a CO ₂ concentration of 2,000 ppm to form a bacterial bed. The hyphae were completely circulated in 20 days, after which the ripening period was 3 days, and the total number of culture days was 23 days.

3.2 Bacterial scraping After the culture was completed, a bacterial scraping operation was performed. Remove the cap of the cultivation bottle and make the bacterial bed surface about 10 mm
5 cc of water was sprayed per bottle onto the newly exposed bacterial bed surface.

3.3 Sprouting After scraping the bacteria, a sprouting operation was performed. The cultivation bottles were fitted with caps, and 16 bottles were arranged in a 45 cm × 45 cm container.
The containers were stacked in eight rows in three rows on a 150 cm × 50 cm cart. At this time, 1.5cm ×
A 1.5 cm x 145 cm pier was passed through each end, leaving a gap between each step of the container. The cultivation bottle was carried into the sprouting room while being mounted on a cart, and sprout was performed. Sprouting conditions are 12 hours in the daytime
50-100 Lux, 12 hours night under dark lighting, temperature 16 ° C, humidity
The RH was 70% and the CO ₂ concentration was 1,500 ppm. In the sprouting room, air was constantly circulated using a fan cooler. It took 10 days for mycelia to regenerate and to form larvae.

3.4 Growth of fruiting body The young fruiting body obtained in 3.3 was transferred to a growing room and grown. The shelves in the growth room were grown by placing containers on shelves of 6 stages, 34 cm between the upper and lower shelves. The environment of the growth room is at temperature 16
° C., humidity 85-90% RH, CO ₂ concentration 1,000～1,500Ppm, light irradiation was period 12 hours light (50~100Lux) under 12-hour dark day. The harvest period was 6-8 days of growth. The yield of fruiting bodies harvested per bottle averaged 160 g. Table 3 shows the results.

(Comparative Example) The procedure was performed in the same manner as in the example except for the sprouting step. The sprouting step in the comparative example was performed as follows. In the comparative example, the container was placed on a shelf having six steps and a height of 34 cm between the upper and lower shelves of the sprouting chamber, and sprouting was performed. The environment of the sprouting room is temperature 16 ° C, humidity 95% RH, carbon dioxide 1,500ppm, lighting 1 day
50-100 Lux for 2 hours, 12 hours dark at night. Germination is 10
~ Confirmed in 12 days. In addition, the optimal harvest time in the growth process after sprouting was 6 to 10 days for growth. Table 3 shows the results.

[0096]

[Table 3] * The criteria for judging the grade of the fruiting body are that the height of the fruiting body is 8-10cm
If the stalk is pure white, the umbrella does not warp, and there is no wateriness (that is, the water content of the fruit body is 84 to 87%), it is a grade A product, and the height of the fruit body is If the stems were uneven and the stems slightly yellowed and felt watery (that is, the fruit body had a water content of 88% or more), it was judged to be a Class B product. As described above, when cultivating fruit bodies by the method of the present invention,
Compared with the case of cultivation by the conventional method, the ratio of ungerminated seeds decreased and the yield of fruiting bodies increased. Furthermore, when the fruiting bodies were cultivated by the method of the present invention, the ratio of the A-class products also increased.

[0097]

According to the present invention, there is provided a method for cultivating a fruit body of a mushroom, which comprises a step of sprouting in a state in which the cultivation container is closed.

In the cultivation method of the present invention, it is not necessary to humidify the sprouting chamber, so that the environment which has been apt to be unsanitary in the past is renewed, and there is no danger of electric leakage due to humidification. Further, in the conventional method, humidification unevenness, that is, a difference between a portion with much humidification and a portion with little humidification was severe depending on the location, and it was difficult to control the bacterial bed. However, according to the present invention, such management is not required. Furthermore, since the surface of the bacterial bed that has been scratched by the bacterial scraping is not exposed in the sprouting chamber, there is very little contamination with various bacteria.

Furthermore, according to the method of the present invention, containers in which cultivation containers are arranged can be piled up on a cart in a sanitary manner and can be directly carried into the sprouting room. Yes, there is no need to raise and lower containers on shelves, saving labor.

By using the method of the present invention, sprouting can be performed by effectively utilizing the three-dimensional space. If shelves are used in the conventional method, the shelves must be separated by 30 to 40 cm, so about 420 m ³ (effective height 3.2 m) to accommodate 20,000 cultivation bottles
Although necessary, the method of the present invention allows the same number to be accommodated in about 260 m ³ because it can be stacked side by side in a container.

In the method of the present invention, since the cultivation bottle is closed at the time of sprouting, air may flow through the sprouting chamber, and therefore air conditioning can be performed using a fan cooler. A fan cooler is inexpensive and consumes less power than a fin cooler, and thus has the advantage of low cost.

As described above, the method of the present invention not only solves the problems of the humidification process, which was a problem in the conventional method, but also makes it possible to more effectively use the three-dimensional space than before, and furthermore, compared with the conventional method. Uniform sprouting, shortening of cultivation days, reduction of ungerminated seeds, and increase of fruiting bodies are possible. The method of the present invention is applicable to all types of edible and medicinal mushrooms currently bottled.

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing on the front page (72) Tomomi Komiya Investigator, Fukuoka Prefecture, Amagi-shi, Fukuoka Prefecture 1181-2, Tokuda Building 202 F Term (Reference) 2B011 BA06 BA07 BA09 BA13 CA11 CA12 DA01 EA01 EA03 GA03 GA08 GA09 GA10 GA11

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A method of cultivating a fruit body of a mushroom in a container, wherein the step of scraping a surface of a fungal bed formed by culturing a mycelium of the mushroom in a medium in one or more cultivation containers; Adding a suitable amount of moisture to the cultivation container to maintain a humidity effective for forming mushroom fruit body primordia on the fungal bed whose surface has been scraped, and substantially removing moisture from inside the cultivation container. A step of forming the fruit body primordium of mushrooms by culturing the fungal bed while maintaining the temperature in the cultivation container at a temperature lower than the cultivation temperature of the mycelium by about 0 to 10 ° C. without any leakage, A method for growing a fruit body of a mushroom, the method comprising: 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation container is a heat-resistant bottle made of polypropylene. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of adding water is performed by spraying water. 4. The condition in which there is no substantial leakage of water,
The method of claim 1, wherein the method is achieved by capping the cultivation vessel, and wherein maintaining the temperature is performed by air cooling the cultivation vessel. 5. A method for cultivating fruit bodies of mushrooms in a container, wherein the step of scraping a surface of a mushroom fungus bed formed in each of the plurality of cultivation containers accommodated in the container; Adding a suitable amount of moisture to maintain the effective humidity for forming the mushroom fruit body primordia in the cultivation container, capped each of the cultivation containers, a plurality of capped cultivation containers Stacking the containers holding the piers therebetween, thereby forming a space required for air distribution, and by flowing air through the space, the inside of the cultivation container is moved from the culture temperature of the bacterial bed to about 0-10. C. maintaining at a lower temperature.