JP2006067929A - Method for culturing eryngii - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for culturing Pleurotus nebrodensis and Pleurotus felurae which are the varieties of Pleurotus eryngii, capable of producing them stably and surely. <P>SOLUTION: This method for culturing the P. nebrodensis or P. felurae is provided by inoculating spawn in a medium, culturing at ≥20°C and ≤30°C environment temperature, then maturing at ≤20°C and ≥3°C environment temperature for ≥7 days, and then performing the scraping of the spawn for growing the fungi. The method for culturing the P. nebrodensis or P. felurae is provided by inoculating the spawn in the medium, culturing at ≥20°C and ≤30°C environment temperature for covering the whole surface of the medium with the above spawn, further additionally culturing for 10-70 days, maturing at ≤20°C and ≥3°C environment temperature for ≥7 days, and then performing the scraping of the spawn for growing the fungi. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for cultivating eringi, which is an edible mushroom of the genus Oyster mushrooms, in particular, white spirit and bamboo ears, and an eringi obtained by this method, and more particularly to white spirit and bamboo ears.

  The term “eringi” as used in the present invention refers to eringi, including eringi, white spirits, fox ear ears, and other varieties or hybrids of eringi.

  Conventionally, artificial cultivation of mushrooms has been widely adopted due to the fact that mushrooms with high quality can be harvested in a relatively short period of time.

  Among the mushrooms, the white spirits and bamboo ears (also known as 魏魏 磨) are mushrooms native to China and are known for their good texture. Pleurotus nebrodensis and P. felurae are assigned as their scientific names, respectively, but the species is contained in eringi (Pleurotus eryngii De Candolle ex Fries) and is a variant.

Conventionally, in the cultivation of mushrooms including eringi, it is common to generate them by culturing at a temperature of 20 ° C. or higher followed by a fungus scraping treatment or the like. However, the white ghosts that are varieties of eringi and the fox ears cannot reliably generate mushrooms with this method. Therefore, the above-mentioned variant has been reported to have a low incidence.
Katsuji Yamanaka Featured edible mushroom “Biling” special product information 2002.22 11-20 Oswald Hilber Die Gattung Pleurotus (Fr) .Kummer, Biobliotheca Mycologica Band 87, 1982 J. Cramer

  As for the ceremonial varieties of eringi, “bamboo shoots” and 魏 side ears, depending on the method used for cultivation of mushrooms including eringi, such as culturing at a temperature of 20 ° C. or higher and then performing a fungus scraping treatment, etc. There is a method in which mushrooms cannot be generated, and a temperature change treatment of 20 ° C. during the day and 8 ° C. during the night is performed for 10 days or more, and the generation is waited for.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to propose a cultivation method capable of stably and reliably producing white ghosts and fox ears which are varieties of eringi.

  In order to solve the above problems, the method of cultivating eringi proposed by the present invention is to inoculate a culture medium with an inoculum, culture at an environmental temperature of 20 ° C. or higher and 30 ° C. or lower, and then at an environmental temperature of 20 ° C. or lower and 3 ° C. or higher. After maturation for 7 days or more, the fungus is scraped to generate mushrooms.

  Here, the culture at an environmental temperature of 20 ° C. or higher and 30 ° C. or lower is performed until the hyphae by the inoculum covers the entire surface of the medium, and the period until the hyphae covers the entire surface of the medium is: It can be 15 to 30 days.

  Next, another method of cultivating eringi proposed by the present invention is to inoculate a medium with an inoculum, and culture at an environmental temperature of 20 ° C. or higher and 30 ° C. or lower until the mycelium by the inoculum covers the entire surface of the medium. Thereafter, additional culture is further performed for 10 to 70 days, and after aging for 7 days or more at an environmental temperature of 20 ° C. or lower and 3 ° C. or higher, fungi are scraped to generate mushrooms. It is.

  In the above, the additional culture for 10 days to 70 days is performed at the same temperature, that is, at an environmental temperature of 20 ° C. or higher and 30 ° C. or lower. By this additional culture, the amount of microbial cells can be increased, and fruit formation can be stored in the microbial cells.

  In addition, as a period until a mycelium comes to cover the whole culture medium surface, it can be made into 15th-30th.

  According to still another method of cultivating eringi proposed by the present invention, inoculum is inoculated in a medium, and cultured at an environmental temperature of 20 ° C. or higher and 30 ° C. or lower until the mycelium by the inoculum covers the entire surface of the medium. After maturation for 7 days or more at an environmental temperature of 3 ° C or lower, the fungus is scraped to generate mushrooms, that is, mushroom buds are produced and the buds are grown until harvest. is there.

  Also in this case, the period until the mycelium covers the entire surface of the medium can be 15 to 30 days.

  In this case, after culturing until the mycelium covers the entire surface of the medium, additional culturing is further performed for 10 to 70 days before aging for 7 days or more at an environmental temperature of 20 ° C. or less and 3 ° C. or more. Is preferred.

  By this additional culture, the amount of microbial cells can be increased, and fruit formation can be stored in the microbial cells. The additional culture for 10 to 70 days can be performed at the same temperature, that is, at an environmental temperature of 20 ° C. or higher and 30 ° C. or lower.

  In the above, after the fungus is scraped, mushrooms are generated by maintaining an environmental temperature of 10 ° C. to 20 ° C. and a humidity environment of 80% to 95% RH for 15 to 45 days. It is desirable to let the buds grow to harvest.

  More preferably, the environmental temperature after scraping the fungus is 14 ° C to 18 ° C.

  In any of the above-described methods for cultivating eringi of the present invention, the inoculum is a white spirit ▲ take fungus, a fungus on the shark side ear, a hybrid of the white soul ▲ take and the red ear ear, a white spirit ▲ take and It can be any of the crossing strains of eringi, the crossing of the selvage ear and eringi, or any of these offspring.

  And the eringi which this invention proposes is cultivated by the cultivation method of this invention mentioned above.

  Traditionally, in the natural cultivation of eringi, especially its varieties, white spirits and bamboo ears, the medium must be prepared from spring to summer, inoculated, cultured, and generated from winter to early spring. It has been known.

  Therefore, as a result of earnest research to artificially reproduce this natural providence, we succeeded in reliably generating the white ghosts that are varieties of eringi, and the fox ears by the method described above. This invention was completed.

  According to the cultivation method of the present invention, it is possible to stably and surely produce white varieties of bamboo shoots that are varieties of eringi and mushroom ears.

Preparation of culture medium used in the cultivation method of the present invention Variety of eringi, white spirit and bamboo ears, are mushrooms that grow on red grasses in nature. It can be cultivated with a substrate generally used for cultivation of mushrooms.

  For example, add nutrients such as husks, corn bran, rice bran, soybean hulls, okara to medium base materials such as corn cob, cotton hull and sawdust, adjust the water to around 65%, mix well, Alternatively, a medium prepared by packing in a cultivation bag and sterilizing by heating can be used in the cultivation method of the present invention.

Cultivation Inoculate the medium with a standard method and culture, but the temperature in this case is 25 ° C. to 30 ° C., which is the optimum temperature. The culture is preferably performed at 20 ° C to 27 ° C. That is, although it can culture | cultivate at the environmental temperature of 20 degreeC or more and 30 degrees C or less, as a more preferable environmental temperature, it is 20 to 27 degreeC.

  The humidity in this case is 60% to 70% RH, and depending on the form of the medium, the mycelium covers the entire surface of the medium in about 15 to 30 days.

  Here, ripening may be started immediately, but if additional culture is performed for 10 to 70 days at the same temperature as in the above culture (ie, environmental temperature of 20 ° C. to 30 ° C.), the amount of cells increases. It is possible to store fruit body formation nutrition in the fungus body. This is advantageous because the ripening period can be shortened and the yield is increased.

Aging culture In aging culture, maturation culture is carried out for 7 days or more at a temperature of 20 ° C. or less at which mushrooms are generated.

  If the aging culture temperature is low, for example, 5 ° C. and low-temperature stimulation are also applied, so the generation period is shortened.

  When it becomes around 0 ° C., there is a possibility that a part of the mycelium may be killed and the growth is stopped.

  If the temperature is close to 20 ° C., the incubation period tends to be prolonged unless the culture period and the ripening period are lengthened. However, if the aging is set to 7 days or more, preparation for the development of mushrooms proceeds during this period. There is some effect.

  Therefore, it is desirable that the aging culture is performed at an environmental temperature of 20 ° C. or lower and 3 ° C. or higher for 7 days or longer.

Bacterial scraping Bacteria scraping after aging culture. The fungus can be scraped by any of the regular methods such as oyster, bukkaki, and swordfish, but it is also possible to damage only a very small part of the surface of the medium in order to reduce the number of buds generated.

Sprouting and growth After scraping the fungus, sprouting is performed at 10 ° C to 20 ° C, preferably 14 ° C to 18 ° C. In this case, the humidity is 80% to 95% RH. Until buds emerge, try to prevent contamination and dryness. For example, in bottle cultivation, it is easy to cover the upper surface of the bottle with a breathable material such as newspaper. If the temperature and duration of cultivation, ripening, and generation are suitable, the buds that can be produced for 5 to 15 days will come out, but if there are too many buds, the buds are scraped by a conventional method to make 1 to 3 shoots.

Harvesting Harvested in about 10 days after germination. In this case, the harvesting period was when the edge of the umbrella began to weaken.

Strains The target of the cultivation method according to the present invention is a bacterium belonging to Pelurotus eryngii De Candolle ex Fries. One of the crosses of the Awa side ear, the cross of the white soul “Take” and eringi, the cross of the aba side ear and eringi, or a progeny of any of these.

  In addition, a hybrid strain of the white spirit and bamboo ears can be prepared by a commonly used method.

  Also, the hybrids of eringi and white spirit ▲ take, and the hybrids of eringi and fox ears are mononuclear hyphae or binuclear hyphae and Is cultured in the same medium in a temperature environment of 30 ° C. or less, and 15 days or more after both the colony of mononuclear hyphae or binuclear hyphae of the white spirit or bamboo ear and the mononuclear hyphae of Eringhi contact with each other It can be produced by continuing the culture.

  For example, a solid medium usually used for mushroom culture, for example, PDA medium, is inoculated with a mononuclear hyphae of Eringi and mononuclear hyphae or binuclear hyphae 1 to 3 cm apart and cultured at a culture temperature. The temperature is kept at 30 ° C. or lower, and the culture is continued for 15 days or more after the colonies of both mycelia come into contact. Inoculated at a distance, and the culture temperature is set to 30 ° C. or lower, and the culture is continued for 15 days or more after both mycelial colonies come into contact. Mating strains with side ears can be produced respectively.

  At this time, as the mononuclear mycelium of eringi, for example, the eringi inoculum (Shanghai No. 1) of the edible fungus laboratory of Shanghai Agricultural Sciences of the People's Republic of China is used as the binuclear mycelium of eringi, and this inoculum is cultivated by a regular method. It is possible to use those obtained by separating and culturing monospores from the fruiting bodies obtained in this manner.

  In addition, for example, the binuclear mycelium of Shiroi ▲ Take ▼, for example, the inoculum of Tianshan 2 purchased from the Tianshan Mycology Research Institute in Xinjiang District of the People's Republic of China, Monospores can be separated from the fruit bodies obtained by cultivating No. 2 by a conventional method, and those obtained by culturing can be used.

  For example, for the binuclear mycelia of the Abe side ear, for example, the inoculum of Ara ▲ Maa, purchased from the Sanming Fungus Research Institute of Fujian, China, It is possible to use those obtained by separating and culturing monospores from the fruiting bodies obtained in this manner.

  Cotton hull, corn cob, crust, corn bran, and calcium carbonate as a medium base material were mixed in a dry matter weight ratio of 39: 35: 20: 5: 1 to adjust the water content to 65%. This was filled with 570 g of a mushroom cultivation bottle having a capacity of 850 ml, sterilized with a lid, covered with a lid (one hour after reaching a medium temperature of 120 ° C.).

After sterilization, the mixture was cooled to 20 ° C. and inoculated with white spirit (intake, Tianshan Fungi Research Institute, Xinjiang dense area: Tianshan 2) as an inoculum. After culturing for a predetermined period as shown in Table 1 in a culture room at a temperature of 22 ° C to 24 ° C and a humidity of 60% to 70% RH, the predetermined value as shown in Table 1 is used in an aging room at a temperature of 16 ° C to 18 ° C and a humidity of 60% to 70% RH. Aged for a period. Table 1 shows the result of germination by bukkaki method after ripening and budding, bud scraping, and growth harvesting in a generation room at a temperature of 16 ° C. to 18 ° C. and a humidity of 80% to 95% RH. In addition, the whole cultivation period was 180 days, and the amount of crops that did not occur during this period was set to 0.

  At this time, in all of the test groups 1 to 13, the mycelium covered the entire surface of the medium in 21 days.

  As shown in Table 1, mushrooms were not generated from those that were subsequently aged for 21 days (test section 1).

  On the other hand, when ripening was subsequently performed for 42 days, it took a long time to develop, but the occurrence was observed (Test Zone 2).

  On the other hand, after the mycelium covered the entire surface of the medium, additional culture was performed for 10 days or more, and then aging was performed for 7 days or more. Mushrooms occurred for a shorter period of time.

  The longer the additional culture period, the shorter the development period even in the same ripening period (test group 3 and test group 6), but it is a good idea to select the additional culture period that minimizes the total cultivation period.

  No occurrence was observed in the test area where aging was not performed (Test area 4), or a long time was required for the occurrence (comparison between test area 9 and test area 10).

  On the other hand, if the aging period is 7 days or more, the cultivation period is shortened because the generation period is shortened.

  In addition, the longer the maturation period, the shorter the generation period, but it is a good idea to select the maturation period with the shortest total cultivation period.

  When bacteria are not scraped, it may be necessary to perform bacteria scraping because it may take a long time even if additional culture and maturation are carried out for a considerable period of time, or no occurrence is observed.

  There was no obvious trend in yield.

Table 2 shows the results of carrying out the same cultivation test as in Example 1, using the 魏 side ear (Sanming Fungi Research Institute, Sanming City, Fujian Province, China) as the inoculum.

  Also in this test, the mycelium covered the whole surface of the culture medium in 21 days in any of the test groups 1 to 8.

  As shown in Table 2, when additional culture was not performed, aging was carried out for 7 days, and even if the bacteria were scraped, a considerably long period of time was required (test group 1).

  As is clear from comparison between test group 1 and test group 2, the number of days of occurrence was significantly reduced when additional culture was performed for 10 days or more.

  However, as is clear from the comparison between the test groups 3, 4, 8 and the test groups 5-7, and the comparison between the test groups 5, 6 and 7 with the test group 7, even if the additional culture is performed for 10 days or more, no bacteria are scratched. Or if the aging time is less than 7 days, the number of days that occurred is prolonged.

  Again, there was no obvious trend in yield.

  As a result of a plurality of experiments of the same kind performed by Examples 1 and 2 and the inventor described above, it is considered from an economic aspect that no obvious tendency is seen in the yield, and the generation period, the cultivation period, In consideration of making the total cultivation period shorter, it was recognized that it is desirable to set the ripening period in a range of 7 days or more. For the same reason, it was recognized that it is desirable that the additional culture period for the additional culture be 10 days to 70 days.

Claims (9)

  Inoculate the medium and incubate at an environmental temperature of 20 ° C or higher and 30 ° C or lower, and after aging at an environmental temperature of 20 ° C or lower and 3 ° C or higher for 7 days or more, scrape the fungus to generate mushrooms. A method of cultivating eringi characterized by that.   After inoculating the medium with the inoculum, the hyphae of the inoculum covered the entire surface of the medium at an environmental temperature of 20 ° C. or higher and 30 ° C. or lower, followed by additional culture for 10 to 70 days, and then an environment of 20 ° C. or lower and 3 ° C. or higher. A method for cultivating eringi characterized in that after maturation at temperature for 7 days or more, fungi are scraped to generate mushrooms.   The method for cultivating eringi according to claim 2, wherein the period until the mycelium covers the entire surface of the medium is 15 to 30 days.   Inoculate the medium with an inoculum and incubate at an environmental temperature of 20 ° C to 30 ° C until the mycelium from the inoculum covers the entire surface of the medium, and then mature for 7 days or more at an environmental temperature of 20 ° C or lower and 3 ° C or higher. A method for cultivating eringi characterized in that after mushrooming, fungi are scraped to generate mushrooms.   After culturing until the mycelium covers the entire surface of the medium, additional culturing is further performed for 10 to 70 days before aging for 7 days or more at an environmental temperature of 20 ° C. or less and 3 ° C. or more. Item 5. A method for cultivating eringi according to item 4.   6. The mushroom is generated by keeping the environmental temperature of 10 ° C. to 20 ° C. and the humidity environment of 80% to 95% RH for 15 to 45 days after the fungus is scraped. A method for cultivating eringgi according to one item.   The method for cultivating eringi according to claim 6, wherein the environmental temperature after scraping the fungus is 14 ° C. to 18 ° C.   The inoculum is a white spirit ▲ take bacterium, a fungus on the side ear, a white ▲ take ▼ and a cross earring of the fox earring, a white ▲ take ▼ and eringi cross, a red horn and eringi The method for cultivating eringi according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the cultivated strain is any one of the crossed strains or any of these progeny.   The eringi cultivated by the method for cultivating eringi of claim 8.