JP2002233239A - Method for artificially cultivating pleurotus eryngii mushroom - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for artificially cultivating Pleurotus eryngii mushroom enabling collecting stably in high yield mushroom having excellent feature and high commercial value through enlarging carpophore, and preventing various disease damages from generating when growing the mushroom. SOLUTION: This method for artificially cultivating Pleurotus eryngii mushroom comprises such processes that spawn of Pleurotus eryngii mushroom is inoculated to a culture medium, the surface of mushroom bed with spread mycelial thread is subjected to fungus scratch treatment to 5-20 mm depth, the resultant product is carried to a sprout chamber without being subjected to watering treatment, sprout management is done in an inverted cultivation vessel with an opened mouth through keeping within a range of an environmental humidity of 50-100% a low humidity environment at <75% and a high humidity environment at >=75% at a given interval and primordium is grown through vanishing within 5 days sprouting water generated when forming the primordium.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for artificially cultivating eryngii. Eryngii is an edible mushroom belonging to the oyster family Pleurotus, and has the following characteristics. That is,
Umbrella size is 5-10cm, umbrella color is grayish brown to pale yellow,
The shape is round to flat and later funnel-shaped. The length of the fungus is 3 to 10 cm and the thickness is 1 to 2 cm. Also, not native to Japan,
Native to southern Europe, southern Russia, central Asia, etc.
Occurs in dead roots of the Apiaceae herbaceous plants of the genera ryngium and Ferula. And, in Europe and the like, it is popular as an edible mushroom because it has good texture, tastes, and lasts a long time.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The present inventors have already disclosed Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-2
In Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 09944, as a method for artificially cultivating eryngii, a culture medium is inoculated with a species of eryngii, and the surface of a bacterial bed in which hyphae are infested is scraped to a depth of 5 to 20 mm. In the sprout room, open the cultivation container with the mouth open, and invert or erected in a low humidity environment of less than 75% in an environment humidity range of 50 to 100%.
A method has been proposed in which sprouting is performed by maintaining a high-humidity environment of 5% or more at regular intervals, and then the primordia is grown.

[0003] The above method is limited in that the number of germinated plants is limited by a cultivation method that largely controls the humidity range of the sprouting environment, which is never used in the artificial cultivation of ordinary edible mushrooms such as oyster mushrooms and nameko. Has features. And, by such a method, by enlarging the fruiting body, it has an effect that mushrooms with good traits and high commercial value can be stably harvested at a high yield, but sometimes a disease occurs during growth. There's a problem.

[0004]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to increase the size of fruiting bodies to stably produce high quality mushrooms with good traits. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for artificially cultivating eryngii, which can be harvested at a high rate and prevents various diseases from occurring during growth.

[0005]

Means for Solving the Problems As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have found that various diseases are caused by long-term retention of germinated water generated during primordium formation. The invention has been completed.

[0006] That is, the gist of the present invention is to inoculate a culture medium with an inoculum of eryngii, and make the surface of the bacterial bed in which hyphae are spread 5 to 5 m.
After the bacteria are scraped to a depth of 20 mm, they are transported into the sprouting chamber without performing water injection, and the cultivation container is opened with the mouth open and upside down in an environment humidity of 50 to 100%.
By maintaining a low-humidity environment of less than 5% and a high-humidity environment of 75% or more at regular intervals, sprout management is performed, and germination water generated during primordium formation is eliminated within 5 days, and growth of primordia is improved. The present invention relates to a method for artificially cultivating eryngii.

[0007]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
In the present invention, the culture medium is usually formed by adding water to sawdust and cereal bran. As sawdust, softwood sawwood is suitable, but hardwood sawwood can also be used.
Also, sawdust deposited for three months or more is suitable, but fresh sawdust can also be used. You can also use ground corncob with sawfish, in which case sawfish:
The volume ratio of the ground corn cob is about 8: 2. On the other hand, as the cereal bran, rice bran, bran, barley bran, corn bran and the like are used. The cereal bran is preferably as fresh as possible. Based on the total weight of the culture medium, the use ratio of cereal bran is usually in the range of 10 to 20% by weight, preferably 15 to 18% by weight (90 to 100 g per bottle), and the water content is usually 55 to 75% by weight. , Preferably in the range of 66 to 68% by weight.

[0008] The culture medium is usually used by filling in a cultivation container. As a cultivation container, a cultivation bottle made of polypropylene is suitable, and its size is usually 800 to 1000 c.
About c is sufficient. The filling of the culture medium can be easily performed by using a filling machine. It is preferable to provide an inoculation hole having a diameter of 10 to 20 mm and reaching the bottom in the central portion of the culture medium filled in the cultivation container in order to spread the hyphae well.

The culture medium filled in the cultivation container is sterilized after covering the container according to a conventional method. The sterilization treatment is usually performed using a high-pressure sterilization pot, and after the temperature in the culture medium reaches about 120 ° C., the temperature is maintained for about 1 hour, whereby complete sterilization can be performed. The culture medium after the sterilization treatment is aseptically cooled.

First, in the cultivation method of the present invention, a seed medium of eryngii is inoculated into a culture medium. Inoculation of the inoculum is performed aseptically in the inoculation room. Inoculation volume is 800-850
In the case of a cultivation bottle of the size of about cc, usually 1 per bottle
It is preferable to make it about 0 to 20 cc and inoculate the whole mouth of the bottle.

Next, the culture medium inoculated with the inoculum is cultured to obtain a bacterial bed in which hyphae are spread. Culture management is 18
After performing initial control at about 20 ° C. for about 20 days, it is preferable to raise the temperature to 23 ° C. and further ripen for about 15 days. It is preferable that the temperature inside the cultivation container does not exceed 28 ° C. during the culture period. Usually, a mature bed in which hyphae spread is obtained in a culture period of about 35 days.

Next, the surface of the fungal bed in which the hypha was infested was polished by 5 to 5
The bacteria are scraped to a depth of 20 mm. By such a fungus scraping treatment, the inoculated inoculum is scraped off, and the hypha on the surface of the fungal bed is physically stimulated. In addition, the germination can be synchronized, and the number of germination can be suppressed, and the fruiting bodies can be intensively generated. The depth of the bacterial scraping treatment is preferably 10 to 20 m
m, more preferably 15 to 20 mm.

Then, the cultivation container is carried into the sprouting chamber without performing the water injection treatment, and the cultivation container is opened in an inverted state or an upright state with the opening of the cultivation container in an environment humidity of 50 to 100%.
Germination is performed by maintaining a low humidity environment of less than 5% and a high humidity environment of 75% or more at regular intervals.

In the present invention, when sprouting,
It is important to carry out intermittent dry / moisture control and to eliminate germinated water generated during primordium formation within 5 days. If the environmental humidity at the time of sprouting is always as high as 90% or more, the retention time of germinated water on the surface of the bacterial bed will be longer than 5 days, not only will the number of germinating be increased, but also bacteria such as bacteria from germinated water will be increased. Diseases caused by infection often cause atrophy and withering of fruiting bodies. In addition, when the environmental humidity at the time of sprouting is always as low as 60% or less, germination water formation is not recognized, but primordium formation is extremely delayed, sometimes it is not formed, and the generated mushrooms are often malformed Therefore, it is not possible to stably harvest large-sized eryngii with good traits in a short period of time at a high yield.

In the present invention, the preferable humidity in a low humidity environment is 60 to 70%, and the preferable humidity in a high humidity environment is 85 to 95%.
It is. And the holding interval of each of the above-mentioned humidity environments alternately repeated is usually in the range of 3 to 12 hours, preferably 5 to 8 hours. The holding time between the low-humidity environment and the high-humidity environment does not need to be constant, and the holding time in the low-humidity (high-humidity) environment that is repeatedly performed does not need to be constant.

The sprouting is carried out at a temperature of usually 12 to 22 ° C., preferably 14 to 15 ° C., and a carbon dioxide concentration of usually 20 to 20 ° C.
It is carried out in an environment where the illuminance is not more than 00 ppm and the illuminance is 50 to 200 lux. Usually, the primordium is formed within 7 to 10 days after the bacterial scraping treatment. When the primordium has grown to about 1 cm, the cultivation container is returned to the upright state, and the same management is continued.

Next, germinated water is generated on the surface of the bacterial bed in the process of growing from the primordium to a juvenile fruit body (grey-white umbrella is formed at the tip of the primordia). It is preferable that the germination water be eliminated within 3 days after the generation. The shortening of the germination water retention period can be achieved by shortening the holding time of the high humidity environment and by increasing the inversion period of the cultivation container until the larvae have grown to the height of the bottle mouth. . The germination period is usually performed until the germination water completely disappears and the fruit body grows to 2 to 4 cm.

Next, the actual condition of the larvae is grown. At this time, the environmental temperature is usually 12 to 26 ° C., preferably 16 to 26 ° C.
18 ° C., environmental humidity is usually 70% or more, preferably 85%
９５95%.

[0019]

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples unless it exceeds the gist of the present invention.

Example 1 First, Sugiogako and corn cob meal were mixed at a volume ratio of 8: 2.
, And add 9% by weight of a dedicated tube bran and 9% by weight of rice bran to the total weight of the culture medium (95 g per bottle in total).
), The water content was adjusted to about 68% by weight to prepare a culture medium. And a polypropylene cultivation bottle (850
cc) was filled with a culture medium having a net weight of 530 to 540 g by a filling machine, and an inoculation hole having a diameter of about 15 mm and reaching the bottom was provided at the center of the culture medium and plugged. Then, the mixture was sterilized in a high-pressure sterilization pot according to a conventional method, and then cooled. Cooling was performed in a clean room in order to prevent recontamination by return air at the time of cooling.

Next, inoculation of aspergillus inoculum ("KX-EG077") was aseptically inoculated in the clean room to start cultivation. The culture was kept at 18 ° C. for 20 days,
The test was performed at 23 ° C. until the mycelia spread, and the test was continued for 10 days, for a total of 35 days. Thereafter, the bacteria were scraped to a depth of about 15 mm including the surface of the medium.

Then, immediately, at an environmental temperature of 14 to 15 ° C.,
The sprouting management was performed by irradiating 200 lux light only in the daytime with a carbon dioxide gas concentration of 800 to 1800 ppm and maintaining a low humidity environment and a high humidity environment at a constant interval in an environment humidity range of 60 to 98%. Specifically, in the inverted state with the mouth of the cultivation container open and 60-70%
Low humidity environment and 85-98% high humidity environment were alternately repeated for 6 hours.

Next, after the cultivation container is turned upside down, 1
0 days later, formation of primordium was confirmed. Thereafter, the cultivation bottle was returned to the upright state, and the sprouting management was continued. Two days after returning to the erect state, the formation of germinated water was observed.
The low humidity environment of ７０70% was continued for 6 hours, and the humidity management of 85 to 98% high humidity environment was changed to 2 hours. Thereby, the germinated water completely disappeared within 3 days after the generation.

Next, the cultivation container is moved to a growth room with the umbrella differentiated, the environmental temperature is changed to 16 to 18 ° C., the environmental humidity is changed to 80 to 90%, and the cultivation is performed under dark management except during harvesting. Was performed. And the length of the mushroom pattern is 10cm
The umbrellas were grown to an appropriate level and harvested one by one at the stage of growing until the fungus umbrella became flat. Days to harvest 18.2 days (standard deviation 1.4), yield per bottle 157.8g
(Standard deviation value: 13.3), and the incidence of diseases such as atrophy, bending, and decay of the fungus was 6.3%.

Example 2 In Example 1, a supplementary tool having a height of 5 cm was attached to the mouth of the cultivation container in order to prevent the germination water from stagnating during the formation of the primordium. Providing a space so that it does not deform even when discharged, the inverted period of the cultivation container is 15 days,
Humidity control after returning the cultivation container to the upright state is 60 to 7
Elingi was cultivated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the low humidity environment of 0% and the high humidity environment of 85 to 98% were changed so as to be alternately repeated every 6 hours. By extending the inversion period of the cultivation container, no germinated water was generated after returning to the upright state. The number of days until harvest was 17.7 days (standard deviation 1.2), the yield per bottle was 162.3 g (standard deviation 11.9), and the disease incidence was 0%.

Comparative Example 1 In Example 1, the humidity control after returning the cultivation container to the upright state was repeated alternately between a low humidity environment of 60 to 70% and a high humidity environment of 85 to 98% every 6 hours. Except for changing to the management, eringi was cultivated in the same manner as in Example 1. Variation was observed when germinated water generated during primordium formation disappeared, and it took about 7 days to completely disappear. The number of days to harvest was 17.8 days (standard deviation 1.
0) The yield per bottle was 160.2 g (standard deviation 2
7.8), and the disease incidence was 12.5%.

[0027]

According to the present invention described above, germination water generated during primordium formation is eliminated within a short period of time within 5 days to grow primordia, thereby preventing various diseases during growth. It is possible to stably harvest large-sized eryngii with good commercial value and good traits by preventing occurrence.

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] July 12, 2001 (2001.7.1)
2)

[Procedure amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0003

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

[0003] The above-mentioned method is limited in that the number of germinated plants is limited by a cultivation method that largely controls the humidity range of the sprouting environment, which is hardly adopted in the artificial cultivation of ordinary edible mushrooms such as oyster mushrooms and nameko. Has features. Such a method has the effect of increasing the size of the fruiting body so that mushrooms with good traits and high commercial value can be stably harvested at a high yield, but sometimes a disease occurs during growth. There is a problem.

[Procedure amendment 2]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0014

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

In the present invention, when sprouting,
It is important to carry out intermittent dry / moisture control and to eliminate germinated water generated during primordium formation within 5 days. When the environmental humidity at the time of sprouting is always as high as 90% or more, the retention period of the germinating water on the surface of the bacterial bed becomes longer than 5 days, not only the number of germinating increases, but also bacteria such as bacteria from the germinating water. due to the occurrence of diseases caused by infection, it becomes as that Hassu frequent atrophy symptoms and stand枯症-like fruiting bodies. In addition, when the environmental humidity at the time of sprouting is always as low as 60% or less, germination water formation is not recognized, but primordium formation is extremely delayed, sometimes it is not formed, and the generated mushrooms are often malformed Therefore, it is not possible to stably harvest large-sized eryngii with good traits in a short period of time at a high yield.

[Procedure amendment 3]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0017

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

Next, germinated water is generated on the surface of the bacterial bed in the process of growing from the primordium to a juvenile fruit body (grey-white umbrella is formed at the tip of the primordia). It is preferable that the germination water be eliminated within 3 days after the generation. Shorten the dwell period of germination water, other shorten the retention time of the high humidity environment, young child entity has long inverted period state until in cultivation <br/>培容vessel was grown to about the bottle mouth height Can be achieved by doing
The germination period is usually performed until the germination water completely disappears and the fruit body grows to 2 to 4 cm.

[Procedure amendment 4]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0026

[Correction method] Change

[Correction contents]

Comparative Example 1 In Example 1, the humidity control after returning the cultivation container to the upright state was repeated alternately between a low humidity environment of 60 to 70% and a high humidity environment of 85 to 98% every 6 hours. Except for changing to the management, eringi was cultivated in the same manner as in Example 1. Variation observed loss period when the germination water generated during primordia formation, the until complete disappearance took about 7 days. The number of days to harvest was 17.8 days (standard deviation 1.
0) The yield per bottle was 160.2 g (standard deviation 2
7.8), and the disease incidence was 12.5%.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Inoculation of a seedling of Eryngii in a culture medium, scraping of the surface of a bacterial bed in which hyphae are infested to a depth of 5 to 20 mm, and then transporting to a sprouting chamber without performing water injection treatment, and cultivating With the mouth of the container open and in an inverted state, a low humidity environment of less than 75% and 75%
The artificial eryngii is characterized in that sprouting management is performed by maintaining the above-mentioned high humidity environment at regular intervals and germination water generated during primordium formation is eliminated within 5 days to grow primordia. Cultivation method.