JP4778756B2 - Mushroom artificial cultivation method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an artificial cultivation method for mushrooms having a large and excellent form and a chewy texture, and a mushroom fruit body having the above characteristics obtained by the cultivation method.

  In artificial cultivation of mushrooms, the cultivation bottle is filled with the medium, the holes for inoculating the inoculum are opened, the medium is sterilized, the inoculum is inoculated and cultured, then the fungus is scraped, budded, and then the fungus floor It is common to produce a stock-like fruiting body from and harvest it.

  However, because stock-like mushrooms are on the market in large quantities, they are not novel for general consumers, and even if they develop varieties that have better characteristics such as taste than conventional varieties, as long as their forms are similar Because it is difficult to differentiate from conventional varieties, there is a demand for the development of mushrooms that are large and have a sufficient presence in a single fruiting body instead of a stock.

  However, mushrooms having a clustered form obtained using conventional methods have variations in pattern thickness and umbrella size, making it difficult to grow large and high commercial value mushrooms. It was.

  In recent years, methods for obtaining large fruit bodies in artificial cultivation of mushrooms have been studied. For example, in the cultivation method of eringi, sprouting management is performed by maintaining a low humidity environment of less than 75% and a high humidity environment of 75% or more at regular intervals within the range of 50 to 100% of environmental humidity, and primordial formation It has been proposed to grow the primordium by eliminating germinated water that is sometimes generated within 5 days (for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).

  Moreover, in the cultivation of shimeji, cultivating large-sized shimeji through an opening with an effective diameter of 5 to 30 mm set to a circle on the top of the lid that has been sprouting on the mouth of the cultivation bottle or a shape similar thereto. Has also been reported (for example, Patent Document 3).

JP2000-209944 JP 2002-233239 A JP-A-11-196668

  However, the method described in Patent Document 1 or 2 requires a complicated operation because the environmental humidity of the germination chamber is changed midway or a plurality of germination chambers having different environmental humidity are required. In addition, since the method described in Patent Document 3 forms a plurality of stock-like fruit bodies so as to open from the opening, it is difficult to obtain a fruit body having a good shape. Since the root portion is dense, the shape and size of the handle portion were not satisfactory.

Moreover, in the artificial cultivation of mushrooms, especially in the cultivation of hon-shimeji mushroom, as the fruiting body becomes larger, a hollow may be formed in the pattern portion, which may reduce the commercial value.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a large and non-stock mushroom fruit body having excellent shape and high commercial value.

  As a result of intensive studies to obtain a large fruiting body, the present inventors have established a hole in the medium, and grown while selecting buds that emerged from the side or bottom of the hole. By generating a fruiting body, for example, a large fruiting body of more than 20 g can be obtained with a single fruiting body, which has a straight, thick, thick mycelium density and flesh quality, and excellent in appearance and texture. The present invention has been completed.

  That is, according to the first invention of the present invention, in the artificial cultivation of mushrooms, fruit bodies are grown while selecting the buds produced on the side or bottom of the holes provided in the culture medium, one per hole. The present invention relates to an artificial cultivation method for mushrooms characterized by forming fruit bodies. In 1st invention of this invention, 0.5 cm-7 cm are illustrated as a hole diameter of the hole provided in a culture medium. Furthermore, in the first invention of the present invention, the mushroom is exemplified by a shimejiji (Lyophyllum shimeji).

  2nd invention of this invention is related with the mushroom fruit body obtained by the cultivation method of 1st invention of this invention. In the second invention of the present invention, examples of the fruiting body include those exceeding 20 g by weight of one fruiting body.

By the artificial cultivation method of the mushroom of the present invention, a large and non-stock mushroom fruit body can be obtained.
These and other advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description below.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described.
The cultivation method of the present invention can be used for any edible mushroom as long as it can form a large fruit body. Examples include edible mushrooms such as hon-shimeji mushroom, oyster mushrooms, beech shimeji mushrooms, mushroom shimeji mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, eringi, and agaricus brazeimuril. Among them, hon shimeji (Lyophyllum shimeji) is preferable as an aspect of the present invention, and more preferable hon shimeji is Lyophyllum shimeji La01-27 (FERM P-17455), Lyophyllum shimeji La01-168 (FER) Are exemplified.

  In this specification, the term “honshimeji” refers to what is classified as “Lyophyllum shimeji”. Traditionally, beech shimeji has been distributed as “Yamabiko Honshimeji” or “Hon shimeji”, but this is classified as “Hypizigus marmoreus” (previously classified as Lyophyllum ulmarium). Available (mushroom cultivation index January 1989, Nagano Prefecture, Nagano Agricultural Cooperative Federation, Nagano Economic Business Agricultural Cooperative Federation, Nagano Forestry Association Federation; Sankei Color Directory Japanese Mushroom Showa 63 November 10th, issued by Yamato Valley Co., Ltd.), which is different from the Hongshimeji described in this specification. It was reported that lyophyllum shijiji was the first successful cultivation of fungus bed in Shiga Prefecture's Forest Center in 1993 (Mushroom Yearbook 2004 edition, April 1, 2004, edited by the special product information mushroom yearbook) It is presumed that what was previously distributed as “Hon-Shimeji” is “Buna-Shimeji” except for natural products. Honshimeji is a mycorrhizal fungus (occurs in the roots of living trees (lives parasites) and ingests nutrients), whereas Bunashimeji is a wood-rotting fungus (occurs in dead trees (dead parasites)) These are clearly different mushrooms.

  As the mushroom artificial cultivation method of the present invention, bottle cultivation, bag cultivation, box cultivation, and the like can be applied. As an example, the cultivation method of the mushroom of the present invention by bottle cultivation will be described. The method comprises each step of medium preparation, bottle filling, sterilization, inoculation, culture, fungi scraping, budding, bud selection, growth, harvesting and the like. . Next, although these are demonstrated concretely, this invention is not limited to these.

  Medium preparation refers to a process in which various substrates used for artificial cultivation are weighed, stirred, hydrated to adjust water content. For example, a medium for artificial cultivation of hon-shimeji mushroom (also referred to as a culture medium) is composed of a combination of corn, sawdust, and other nutrients. The bottle filling is a process of filling a culture medium in a bottle. Specifically, the prepared medium is usually packed in a heat-resistant wide-mouth culture bottle having a volume of 400 to 2300 ml, for example, in the case of a 1100 ml bottle, 800 to 1100 g, preferably 900 to 1050 g, and a caliber of 0.5 to about the center. ~ 1-7cm, preferably about 1-5cm, more preferably about 2-4cm, depth of 0.5cm-16cm, preferably 2cm-15cm, more preferably about 7-13cm with one or more holes The process to do. The cross-sectional shape of the hole may be any shape, but a circular shape is preferable in consideration of the ease of work for removing unnecessary buds. In the case of using a liquid inoculum, it is possible to generate a fruit body using a hole opened at this time (see FIG. 1). About the position of a hole, when it provides in the peripheral part of the culture medium surface, since a fruit body may be damaged by the bottle mouth of a container according to the growth of a fruit body, it is preferable to provide in the center part vicinity of a culture medium surface. Further, the number of holes per bin can be appropriately set according to the size of the bin mouth and the size of the hole, but for example 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 8, more preferably 1 to 6. Preferably.

  The sterilization may be a step of killing substantially all microorganisms in the medium by steam, and is usually 98 to 100 ° C. for 4 to 12 hours for normal pressure sterilization, 101 to 125 ° C. for high pressure sterilization, preferably It is carried out at 118 ° C. for 30 to 90 minutes.

  Inoculation is a process of inoculating inoculum on a medium that has been allowed to cool to about 20 ° C. after sterilization. For example, hon-shimeji mushrooms are typically inoculated with hon-shimeji mycelium cultured at 25 ° C. for 10-15 days in a medium mainly composed of glucose, peptone and yeast extract such as PGY liquid medium and 1/2 PGY liquid medium. Used as a liquid inoculum, aseptically planted about 10-50 ml per bottle. In addition, a known solid inoculum can be used. For example, a medium inoculated with the liquid inoculum obtained in the steps described so far is cultured at 25 ° C. for 60 to 150 days, and the bacteria are used as the solid inoculum. Can do. In this case, for example, about 15 g of solid inoculum per bottle is aseptically planted. The solid inoculum is not particularly limited, but can be planted in the hole provided in the medium preparation step.

  Culture is a process of growing and aging mycelium. For example, hon-shimeji mushroom is usually aged by spreading the mycelium in the inoculated medium at a temperature of 20 to 25 ° C. and a humidity of 40 to 70%. Aging can be omitted. In the case of an 850 ml bottle, the culture step is usually performed for 60 to 150 days, preferably about 100 days.

  Bacterial scraping refers to removing a dead sterilized membrane or buds on the surface of a medium. Usually, the fungus scraping step is performed to improve the alignment of the fruit bodies and the buds. In the method of the present invention, since the fruit bodies are not cultivated from the surface of the medium, the fungus scraping step can be omitted because the fruit body is sprouting from the side surface or bottom of the hole provided in the medium. In addition, when performing bacterial scraping, it is desirable to use a bacterial scraping method that does not sprout from the surface of the medium. For example, in the case of cultivating hon-shimeji mushrooms using liquid inoculum, it is possible to suppress the emergence of buds from the medium surface by scraping the entire medium surface by about 1 to 5 mm.

  When a liquid inoculum is used, it is possible to sprout using the holes provided in the medium preparation step as they are. When a solid inoculum is planted in a hole provided in the medium preparation step and the hole is filled with the inoculum, it is necessary to newly provide one or a plurality of holes. Any method may be used to provide the holes. For example, a hole punch used when holes are formed in the medium in the medium preparation step can be used. The size, shape, number, and position of the holes may be the same as the holes provided in the above medium preparation.

  Germination is the process of forming fruit body primordia. For example, Honshimeji is usually performed at 10 to 20 ° C., preferably around 15 ° C., humidity 80% or more, and illuminance 1000 lux or less for 10 to 20 days. During this process, if multiple sprouts come out from the side and bottom of the hole, use extra tools such as tweezers or a spatula to prevent the occurrence of multiple fruit bodies from the opening of the hole. It can also be removed.

  The selection of buds is carried out by removing some shoots from the side or bottom of the hole and removing the other shoots in the hole and the surface of the medium or stopping the growth (see FIG. 1). As a bud suitable for selection, a bud that is relatively large and grows toward the opening of the hole is preferable. Among them, from the viewpoint of obtaining a high-quality fruit body, it is preferable to leave the buds generated on the side surfaces of the hole having a depth of 3 cm from the surface of the medium, but it is not limited thereto. The selection of the buds may leave one bud in the hole and the other buds may be removed, but a plurality, preferably 2 to 3, of the buds in the hole are selected for a more preferable form in the subsequent growth step. Buds can also be sorted into one per hole. Moreover, removal of buds on the surface of the medium can be performed by scraping the entire surface of the medium about 1 to 5 mm. Furthermore, in addition to removing buds on the surface of the medium, the growth of buds on the surface of the medium can be stopped by installing a lid on the surface of the medium where a portion corresponding to the hole where budding is performed is provided.

Growth is a process of forming a mature fruit body from the fruit body primordium, and is performed for 5 to 15 days under substantially the same conditions as the normal sprouting process (see FIG. 1). In this growing process, in order to form one fruit body from one hole, it may be necessary to remove buds that have not been removed in the sprouting process or bud selection process using tweezers or a spatula.
A mature fruit body can be obtained by the above process, harvesting is performed, and all the processes of cultivation are complete | finished.

The fruit body of the mushroom obtained by the cultivation method of the present invention is one fruit body, for example, not only a large fruit body exceeding 20 g, but also the flesh is dense and the pattern portion cannot be hollowed, This is a very high value commercial product that does not grow and the shape of each fruit body is good. Further, when the mushroom fruit body obtained in the present invention is sprouting from the side surface of the hole, it grows with the root of the fruit body floating as shown in FIG. 1, and as a result, the child body obtained in the present invention. The root of the entity is thick, round and has a very characteristic shape with no medium attached. On the other hand, the fruit body obtained by the usual cultivation method has a thin root.
Further, the thickness of the handle of the fruit body can be adjusted by adjusting the diameter of the hole for forming the fruit body.

  The reason why the fruiting body obtained in the present invention grows greatly is that it is because the number of forming the fruiting body is limited, but as a reason other than that, the fruiting body is in the hole. As the area grows, the area where the handle and the hole surface come into contact increases, and the fruit body is firmly held in the hole, so that the mycelium and nutrients of the medium can be fully utilized for the growth of the fruit body. Conceivable.

  As mentioned above, although this invention was demonstrated by the bottle cultivation method, this invention is not limited to the said bottle cultivation.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited only to the scope of the following examples.

Example 1
PGY liquid medium (composition: glucose 2.0% (w / v), peptone 0.2% (w / v), yeast extract 0.2% (w / v), KH ₂ PO ₄ 0.05% (w / v), MgSO ₄ .7H ₂ O 0.05% (w / v)) 200 ml of the mycelium of Lyophyllum shimeji La 01-27 strain (FERM P-17455) is inoculated, cultured at 25 ° C. for 10 days, and liquid inoculum It was. On the other hand, in a polypropylene wide-mouth culture bottle (1100 ml), pressure pen corn (Iizaka Seiwa Co., Ltd.) and hardwood sawdust (Tomoe product) are mixed in a dry matter weight ratio of 2: 1 (pressure pen corn: hardwood sawdust). Then, 850 g of the mixture which was sufficiently stirred and mixed with water added so that the water content of the medium was finally 60% by weight was packed. A hole with a diameter of about 3 cm and a depth of about 10 cm is formed in the center of the surface of the filling, and then the culture bottle is capped, sterilized with high-pressure steam at 118 ° C for 60 minutes, and allowed to cool to 20 ° C as a solid medium. Prepared. About 25 ml of the above liquid inoculum was inoculated into this solid medium, and the mycelium was cultured for 110 days in the dark at a temperature of 20 ° C. and a humidity of 60 to 70%, and the mycelium was spread throughout the medium. Next, after removing the cap and reversing the bottle, the temperature was moved to 15 ° C. and the humidification was controlled to be 115 to 120% as indicated by Humiai 100 (manufactured by Kakinomiya Seisakusho Co., Ltd.). Germination was performed for 10 days under illumination of 500 lux. After that, the bottle is rotated forward, and unnecessary buds other than a few large and well-shaped buds that grow toward the opening of the hole from the plurality of buds generated from the side and bottom of the hole are used with a spatula. Removed. After that, by growing while further removing unnecessary shoots so that one fruiting body can grow from the opening of the hole for 10 days, a large-sized one having a weight of 30 g from the hole as shown in FIG. The mature fruit body with excellent appearance was obtained. Moreover, when the obtained fruit body was cut | disconnected longitudinally and the presence or absence of the cavity was confirmed, the cavity did not exist, the mycelia density was high, and the flesh quality was also precise | minute.

Example 2
A hole with a diameter of 12 mm and a depth of about 11 cm is formed in the center of the bottle, and a hole 4 with a diameter of 12 mm and a depth of about 11 cm is formed on a circle with a radius of 2.2 cm centered on the center of the bottle. By cultivating in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a total of 5 holes were opened, 5 mature fruit bodies having an appearance exceeding 20 g were obtained from each hole. Moreover, when the obtained fruit body was cut | disconnected longitudinally and the presence or absence of the cavity was confirmed, the cavity did not exist in all the fruit bodies, the mycelia density was high, and the flesh quality was also precise | minute.

Control Example 1
After culturing in the same manner as in Example 1, the cap was removed, the outer periphery of the medium surface was scraped off in a donut shape with a width of 15 mm to a thickness of about 2 mm, and then the buds were not removed. Germination and development occurred in the same manner. As a result, hon-shimeji mushroom having a total yield of 100 g consisting of 10 fruit bodies was obtained from the center of the medium surface. However, there was no fruiting body exceeding 20 g by one, and two of the ten fruiting bodies had cavities in the handle.

Control Example 2
After sprouting by the same method as in Example 1 and carrying out until normal rotation, several buds generated from the surface of the medium were left, and other buds including those generated in the pores were removed and further cultured for 10 days. Continued. As a result, 40 g of fruit bodies were obtained with 4 each independent (FIG. 2). However, there was no fruit body exceeding 20 g per fruit body, the handle was thin toward the root, and a cavity was seen in the handle of one of the four fruit bodies.

According to the present invention, there is provided an unprecedented large-sized mushroom fruit body having a good shape and a fine meat quality and a very high commercial value, and a method for cultivating it.
The present invention described above clearly has many things in the range of identity. Such diversity is not to be considered as departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such modifications that are obvious to those skilled in the art are included within the scope of the following claims.

It is a figure which shows the mushroom artificial cultivation method of this invention, and the fruit body obtained by it. It is a figure which shows the normal cultivation method of a normal mushroom, and the fruit body obtained by it.

Claims (3)

  In mushroom artificial cultivation, mushrooms are grown while selecting the buds produced on the side or bottom of the holes provided in the medium to form one fruit body per hole. Artificial cultivation method.   The method for artificial cultivation of mushrooms according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the hole provided in the medium is 0.5 cm to 7 cm.   The method for artificial cultivation of mushrooms according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mushrooms are lyophyllum shimeji.

Images