JP2012205589A - Mushroom bed cultivation method of mushroom - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a mushroom bed cultivation method of Pleurotus cystidiosus or black abalone mushroom that is appropriate for a large-scale commercial production.SOLUTION: The mushroom bed cultivation method of Pleurotus cystidiosus or black abalone mushroom is characterized by using only a corn cob as the medium base material of the medium for a solid cultivation of mushroom. Moreover, the mushroom bed cultivation method of Pleurotus cystidiosus or black abalone mushroom includes a process in which the medium base material and a nutrient material fewer than the medium base material by a dry weight ratio are mixed to make the medium for a solid cultivation of mushroom. Thereby, the germination at a cultivation process can be controlled, and the harvesting of a maturation fruit body can be performed at a simultaneous periodm, thereby Pleurotus cystidiosus or black abalone mushroom can be stably produced, the growing period can be shorten, and an excellent maturation fruit body with a good quality can be produced in a large-scale commercial production.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for cultivating fungus mushroom or black abalone.

  In recent years, artificial cultivation techniques for mushrooms have been developed, and various edible mushroom fruit bodies (shiitake, enokitake, oyster mushrooms, sea cucumbers, maitake, beech shimeji, hatake shimeji, hon shimeji, etc.) that have been called mushrooms for one year. Is being offered inside.

  Usually, mushrooms are artificially cultivated using raw wood such as Japanese oak, beech, and cucumber as a hardwood, and nutrient sources such as rice bran, wheat bran, and corn bran on medium base materials such as sawdust and corn cob. There is a fungus bed cultivation using a solid culture medium in which a medium mixed with is filled in a container such as a bottle, a bag or a box. Among these cultivation methods, the fungus bed cultivation method using polypropylene bottles is relatively easy to increase in size and mechanization, and therefore has been promoted in a factory system for large facilities.

  As for the mushrooms belonging to the genus Oyster mushrooms, the oyster mushrooms and black abalone mushrooms, a method using a juice extract of sawdust or citrus as a medium base material has been studied (for example, Patent Document 1). However, methods for studying other medium base materials suitable for large-scale factory systems and stable production of high-quality fruit bodies have not been established.

JP 05-153852 A

  In view of the above-mentioned present situation, an object of the present invention is to provide an inexpensive and efficient method for producing oyster mushroom or black abalone mushroom in large-scale commercial production.

  The present inventors investigated using a medium base material containing both sawdust and sawdust and corn cob, which are commonly used for large-scale commercial production of mushrooms that belong to the genus Oyster mushrooms. Went. Usually, in large-scale commercial production of mushrooms, each process of cultivation is appropriately managed, and buds are germinated almost simultaneously in the budding process after the culturing process, and grown into fruiting bodies in the growing process. Stable production of mature fruit bodies with uniform thickness. The present inventors thought that the same could be done in the large-scale commercial production of oyster mushrooms or black oyster mushrooms. However, the usual mushrooms are different, and artificial germination induction is performed during the culturing process. Many buds germinated before, and subsequent process management became complicated. In addition, in the case of bottle cultivation, it was found that the buds germinated during the cultivation process as mentioned above lift the lid of the bottle and contaminate bacteria, which is not suitable for large-scale commercial production. Furthermore, when there are many buds and few buds in the culturing process, even if the timing of the subsequent process is adjusted, the growth rate of the fruiting bodies and the shape of the fruiting bodies are different, and the quality is uniform and of good quality. It was revealed that excellent mature fruit bodies could not be obtained and the yield of mature fruit bodies was also reduced. As a result of intensive studies to solve this problem, the present inventors have surprisingly used only corn cob as a medium base material, and the corn cob has a smaller amount of nutrients in a dry weight ratio than this. It was found that by using a solid culture medium (mushroom bed culture medium or culture medium) mixed with mushrooms, germination during the culturing process can be suppressed, and many mature fruit bodies can be harvested at the same time after the growing process. . Moreover, when the said culture medium for solid cultivation was used, it also discovered that the yield of a mature fruit body increased. Furthermore, by using the culture medium, it is possible to reduce the number of days of growth compared with the case of using the usual medium substrate containing sawdust and sawdust and corn cob, and a good mature fruit body with good quality. And the present invention was completed.

In summary of the present invention:
According to a first aspect of the present invention, in the culture medium for solid cultivation, the amount of the medium base material is larger than the amount of the nutrient material in a dry weight ratio, and the corn fly is used as a medium base material. It relates to a method for cultivating the fungus bed. As an aspect of 1st invention of this invention, it is mentioned that the culture medium base material of the culture medium for solid cultivation is a corn cob substantially, Preferably only a corn cob is mentioned.
In addition, the second invention of the present invention includes a step of mixing a medium substrate and a nutrient material in an amount less than the medium substrate in a dry weight ratio to produce a mushroom solid culture medium. It relates to a method for cultivating the fungus bed. As an aspect of the second invention of the present invention, the culture medium substrate is substantially corn cob or only corn cob, and the nutrient material is at least one nutrient material selected from rice bran, oats, and beer lees. A cultivation method is mentioned.

  Next, in the present invention, a medium for solid cultivation of oyster mushrooms or black abalone mushrooms containing corn cob as a medium base material for suppressing germination during the cultivation process of mushrooms or black mushrooms is provided. Furthermore, the germination suppression method in the culture | cultivation process in the fungus bed cultivation of the oyster mushroom or black abalone bamboo characterized by using the said culture medium is provided. In the culture medium and the suppression method, it is preferable to substantially use corn cob as the medium base material, and it is more preferable to use only corn cob, and the medium base material and the medium base material in a dry weight ratio. It is preferable to use a medium for solid cultivation mixed with a smaller amount of nutrients.

  According to the present invention, a method for cultivating fungus mushrooms or black abalone mushrooms suitable for large-scale commercial production is provided.

  The oyster mushroom or black abalone mushroom suitable for the present invention is a strain that can be artificially cultivated, and is not particularly limited as long as it is a strain applicable to the present invention. A commercially available strain, a tissue isolate from a wild fruiting body, Strains bred by techniques such as selection, mating, cell fusion, and gene recombination, and strains and mutants bred by methods obvious to those skilled in the art can be used. As black abalone, for example, Pleurotus cystidiosus subsp. abalonus K-4986 (FERM P-22064), Pleurotus cystidiosus subsp. abalonus K-4987 (FERM P-22065), Pleurotus cystidiosus subsp. abalonus K-4988 (FERM P-22066), a method obtained by using these strains as parent strains, for example, mutations obtained by mutating spores of the strains, or mating hyphae of the strains and hyphae of other strains Examples of the strains or hybrids obtained by known cross breeding using these strains as parent strains are given.

  The fungus bed cultivation method of the oyster mushroom or black abalone mushroom of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the fungus bed cultivation is possible, and can be applied to bottle cultivation, bag cultivation, box cultivation and the like.

  Hereinafter, as an example, the fungus bed cultivation method of the oyster mushroom or black abalone mushroom of the present invention by bottle cultivation will be described. The method includes medium preparation, bottle filling, sterilization, inoculation, inoculation, culture (fungal bed culture), and germination induction after culture (For example, fungus scraping described later), sprouting, growth from a young fruit body to a mature fruit body, harvesting of a mature fruit body, and the like. Next, although these are demonstrated concretely, this invention is not limited to the content of this description.

  “Medium preparation” refers to the process of measuring, stirring, and adding various materials used in a solid culture medium until the water is adjusted to a water-moist state suitable for fungus bed cultivation of oyster mushroom or black agaric bamboo. . The medium for solid cultivation used in the present invention can be prepared by mixing a medium base material and a nutrient. It is preferable to use only corn cob as a medium base material. As nutrients, rice bran, oats, beer lees, etc. may be used alone or in combination, and the use of rice bran is particularly preferred. In the present invention, it is essential that the amount of the medium base material and the nutrient material used in the solid cultivation medium be larger than the amount of the nutrient material in a dry weight ratio. For example, in the solid culture medium, the content of the medium base material is preferably more than about 50% by weight, preferably 51% by weight or more in terms of dry weight.

  Moreover, it is suitable to adjust the water content of the medium for solid cultivation to such an extent that water does not stay in the lower part of the culture bottle in accordance with common knowledge of those skilled in the art. The moisture content is not particularly limited, but is 68% by weight or less, preferably 65% by weight or less, for example. However, if the water content is too low, defective bacteria, malformation, and poor generation occur due to the effect of drying the culture medium for solid cultivation. That is, the water content is preferably adjusted to 50% by weight or more, more preferably 55% by weight or more. These water contents can be set as appropriate in view of the medium properties adjusted for water content.

  “Bottled” is a process of filling a solid culture medium into a bottle. Specifically, in a heat-resistant wide-mouth culture bottle usually used for 400-2300 mL bottle cultivation, in the case of a solid cultivation medium prepared as described above, for example, an 850 mL bottle, 350-650 g, preferably 400-600 g, more preferably It refers to a step of clogging 450 to 550 g, further opening one or a plurality of holes (also referred to as holes) having a diameter of about 1 to 3 cm in the solid culture medium, and capping. The number of holes per bin can be appropriately set according to the size of the bin mouth.

  “Sterilization” may be a step of killing all microorganisms in the medium. In normal pressure sterilization with steam, 98 to 100 ° C., 4 to 12 hours, and in high pressure sterilization, 101 to 125 ° C., preferably 118 ° C., 30 to 90 minutes. The medium thus produced may be referred to as a cultivation medium in the present invention.

“Inoculum” is a process of planting an inoculum in a solid culture medium that has been allowed to cool after sterilization. Usually, a liquid inoculum obtained by culturing Ohitake mushroom hyphae or black abalone mushroom hyphae in a liquid medium is used as the inoculum. The medium used for the production of the liquid inoculum is not particularly limited, but is a PGY liquid medium or 1/2 PGY containing glucose, peptone, yeast extract as a main component and added with KH ₂ PO ₄ , MgSO ₄ .7H ₂ O, or the like. Examples thereof include a liquid medium, a GY medium mainly composed of glucose and yeast extract, and a 1/2 GY medium. The liquid culture medium can be used as a liquid inoculum, for example, which is inoculated with oyster mushroom mycelia or black agaric mycelia and cultured for 10 to 15 days at 25 ° C. The culture of the liquid inoculum can be performed using a flask, a jar fermenter, or the like. In the case of culturing liquid inoculum for large-scale cultivation, a jar fermenter is preferable from the viewpoint of increasing the capacity and reducing the number of culture days. The cell concentration of the liquid inoculum used for inoculation of the solid culture medium is not particularly limited, but is 0.1 to 10 g / L, preferably 1 to 7 g / L, particularly preferably dry cell concentration. 2 to 5 g / L is exemplified. Moreover, as an inoculation amount of liquid inoculum, about 5-30 mL is illustrated per 1 bottle of 850 mL wide-mouth culture bottles, for example. A known solid inoculum can also be used. For example, the solid culture medium inoculated with the liquid inoculum obtained in the steps described so far can be cultured at 21 ° C. for 25 to 50 days, and the bacteria can be used as the solid inoculum. For example, about 15 g of this solid inoculum is aseptically planted per 850 mL wide-mouth culture bottle.

  “Cultivation” is a step of culturing a solid culture medium inoculated with an inoculum, and causes the mycelia to elongate, spread and mature. Usually, the mycelium is spread at a temperature of 20 to 25 ° C. and a humidity of 50 to 80% in a solid cultivation medium inoculated with an inoculum, and further matured. Aging can also be omitted. The culture step can be appropriately set depending on the capacity of the culture vessel to be used. In the case of culture using an 850 mL bottle, it is usually performed for about 30 to 60 days. By using the culture medium of the present invention, germination in the culturing process can be suppressed.

  “Induction of germination after culture” is a step of inducing germination from a state in which hyphae have spread and matured by the above-described culture step. For example, germination can be induced by scraping fungi. “Bacterial scraping” is a step of scraping off the inoculum part on the surface of the solid cultivation medium and the surface of the solid cultivation medium in a state where the bacteria are in the bottle to promote the formation of fruit body primordia. Usually, after scraping the fungus, water is immediately put into the bottle mouth and drained immediately after 5 hours, but this addition operation can be omitted.

  “Sprouting” means the formation of buds from the fruiting body primordium (incubation: a state in which a dark brown gray fungus umbrella is formed at the tip of the primordium differentiated from the fruiting body primordia). It is also a process that promotes the growth of buds (larvae) as necessary. The sprouting step is usually carried out for 5 to 15 days under illumination at 15 to 30 ° C., preferably around 20 ° C., humidity of 80% or more, preferably 98%, and illuminance of 1000 lux or less. During the sprouting process, dewed water is likely to be generated by humidification, and therefore, the fungus floor may be covered with a perforated polysheet or corrugated sheet for the purpose of preventing wetting, or the culture bottle may be inverted and cultured. Moreover, in order to promote the growth of the infant body, the fungus floor may be covered with an appropriate covering material as necessary.

  “Growth from juvenile fruit body to mature fruit body” is usually a step carried out for 5 to 15 days under illumination in the range of 20 to 25 ° C., humidity of 80% or more, preferably 98%, and illuminance of 2000 lux or less ( In this specification, it may be simply referred to as a growth process). In the growth process from a juvenile fruit body to a mature fruit body, it is less susceptible to wetting by dew condensation water, so it is preferable not to cover with a perforated polysheet or corrugated sheet.

  A mature fruit body can be obtained by the above process, harvesting is performed, and all the processes of cultivation are complete | finished. In addition, although this invention was demonstrated by the bottle cultivation method, this invention can be applied to the fungus bed cultivation in general, and is not limited to the above-mentioned bottle cultivation.

  According to the present invention, corn cob is substantially used as a medium base material, and the use of a mushroom solid culture medium mixed with a smaller amount of nutrients than the corn cob in a dry weight ratio can suppress germination during the culture process. It becomes. This makes it possible to harvest mature fruit bodies at the same time after the growing process. In addition, the amount (yield) of mature fruit bodies to be harvested is also increased. Furthermore, by using the medium, the number of days of growth can be shortened compared to the case of using a medium substrate mainly composed of sawdust, which is usually used, and an excellent mature fruit body with good quality can be obtained. It is done.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited only to the scope of the following examples.

Example 1
PGY liquid medium [composition: glucose 2.0% (w / v), peptone 0.2% (w / v), yeast extract 0.2% (w / v), KH ₂ PO ₄ 0.05% (w / V), MgSO ₄ .7H ₂ O 0.05% (w / v)] to 200 mL, Pleurotus cystidiosus subsp. abalonus K-4986 (FERM P-22064), Pleurotus cystidiosus subsp. abalonus K-4987 (FERM P-22065), and Pleurotus cystidiosus subsp. The mycelium of Abalonus K-4988 (FERM P-22066) was inoculated, and cultured with shaking (90 rpm) at 25 ° C. for 14 days. On the other hand, conifer Sugioga (manufactured by Chidori Sangyo Co., Ltd.) and rice bran (manufactured by Junjun Shoten) are mixed in a dry weight ratio of 90:72 (sugioga: rice bran), so that the water content of the medium finally becomes 65%. Water was added to the mixture and stirred and mixed. This mixture was put into a 850 mL wide-mouth culture bottle made of polypropylene (Blowbin S-850, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Agricultural Materials Co., Ltd.) and packed. An inoculation hole having a diameter of about 2.0 cm was formed at the center of the surface of the filling, and after plugging, pasteurization was performed at 118 ° C. for 60 minutes under high-pressure steam sterilization to prepare a medium for solid inoculum. 20 mL of the liquid mycelium prepared above was inoculated into this solid inoculum medium, and the mycelium was cultured in a dark place at a temperature of 21 ° C. and a humidity of 65% for 29 days to prepare a solid inoculum.

  Next, to the medium base material having the composition (dry weight ratio) shown in Table 1, 72 equivalents by dry weight ratio of rice bran (made by US Junsho) as a nutrient are added and mixed, respectively. Water was added and stirred and mixed so that the water content was finally 65%. Each mixture was put into a 850 mL wide-mouth culture bottle made of polypropylene (Blowbin S-850, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Agricultural Materials Co., Ltd.) and packed. An inoculation hole with a diameter of about 2.0 cm is formed in the center of the surface of the filling, and after plugging, pasteurized by high-pressure steam sterilization at 118 ° C. for 60 minutes and then cooled to room temperature, prepared 16 pieces each as a medium for solid cultivation did. In the table, corn cob is manufactured by Takara Bussan Co., Ltd., conifer sugiogaga is manufactured by Chidori Sangyo Co., Ltd., hardwood tree Oga is manufactured by Foods Techno Holdings (Okinawa hardwood: Itajii 80%, Taiwan Hanoki and other 20%, trade name: Okinawa hardwood sawdust ) Was used.

  The solid culture medium prepared above was inoculated with 12 g of solid inoculum, and cultured in the dark at a temperature of 25 ° C. and a humidity of 65% for 40 days. After completion of the culture, before the fungus was scraped, the number of bottles in which even one bud was germinated from the culture was counted (the number of germination in the culture period). Thereafter, the cap was removed, about 1 cm of the mycelium layer on the upper surface of the fungus bed was removed (bacteria scraping), tap water was added to the bottle mouth, and immediately drained by inversion dehydration. Next, sprouting was performed for about 7 to 9 days in an environment where the illuminance was 100 lux, the temperature was 20 ° C., and the humidity was controlled to 98% with the display value of Humiai 100 (manufactured by Kakinomiya Seisakusho) (sprouting process). An entity primordial was obtained. Furthermore, it grew on the same environmental conditions (growth process), and the mature fruit body was obtained. Number of germination bins in culture period (number of bins germinated during the culture process) in the medium conditions described in Table 1, average number of days in the growth process, occurrence rate of fruiting bodies (%, calculated from the number of bottles in which fruiting bodies were generated), Table 2 shows the harvest period (the number of days required from the start of harvesting to the end of harvesting of mature fruit bodies in all bins) and the average yield (g) of mature fruit bodies per bin.

  As is clear from Table 2, in the culture medium using corn cob as a medium base material and mixed with nutrients less than corn cob in a dry weight ratio (condition 1), the cultivation process in any strain as compared with other conditions It became clear that time germination was suppressed. It was also found that the average yield of mature fruiting bodies increased despite the shortening of the growth process days. This is an excellent effect that has been revealed for the first time by the present invention.

  According to the present invention, a method for cultivating fungus mushrooms or black abalone mushrooms suitable for large-scale commercial production is provided. By using the present invention, germination during the culturing process can be suppressed, and mature fruiting bodies can be harvested at the same time, so that, in large-scale commercial production, oyster mushroom or black agaric can be stably produced, and The number of growing days can be shortened, and it becomes possible to produce a high-quality mature fruit body.

Claims (3)

  A method for cultivating mushroom solid cultivation medium, wherein the amount of the medium base material is larger than the amount of the nutrient material in a dry weight ratio, and corn cob is used as the medium base material.   A method for cultivating fungus mushrooms or black abalone mushrooms, comprising a step of mixing a medium base material and a nutrient material in a dry weight ratio less than the medium base material to produce a mushroom solid culture medium.   The method for cultivating a fungus bed according to claim 2, wherein the medium substrate is corn cob, and the nutrient is at least one nutrient selected from rice bran, oats, and beer lees.