CN109197381B - Method for planting hypsizygus marmoreus by liquefying solid strains - Google Patents
Method for planting hypsizygus marmoreus by liquefying solid strains Download PDFInfo
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- CN109197381B CN109197381B CN201811449442.9A CN201811449442A CN109197381B CN 109197381 B CN109197381 B CN 109197381B CN 201811449442 A CN201811449442 A CN 201811449442A CN 109197381 B CN109197381 B CN 109197381B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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Abstract
The invention introduces a method for planting hypsizygus marmoreus by liquefying solid strains, which comprises the following steps: 1) culturing a special solid strain for liquefaction, wherein the formula of a special solid strain culture medium for liquefaction comprises lignin powder, paper pulp, soybean meal, corn flour, bran, lime and light calcium; 2) liquefying the solid strain, namely diluting the solid strain obtained in the step 1) by 2-5 times, crushing the solid strain to obtain a liquefied strain, and diluting the liquefied strain to obtain a liquefied cultivated strain; 3) preparing a culture medium, wherein the culture medium comprises corncobs, cottonseed hulls, bagasse, wood chips, corn flour, bean pulp, bran, lime and gypsum powder; 4) bagging; 5) sterilizing; 6) inoculating; 7) managing in a culture period; 8) fruiting management; 9) harvesting; 10) and (5) storing. The method for planting the hypsizygus marmoreus by liquefying the solid strains can effectively shorten the growth time of the hypsizygus marmoreus, improve the turnover rate, reduce the cost and increase the yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for planting hypsizygus marmoreus by liquefying solid strains.
Background
The hypsizygus marmoreus is an edible fungus with high nutritional value and medicinal value, the strain type of the hypsizygus marmoreus is large, the demand for nutrient substances is high, and particularly the demand for lignin is far higher than that of common edible fungi.
The traditional three-stage solid strain breeding process has the advantages of high production cost, inconsistent strain age and irregular fruiting, and compared with solid strains, liquid strains have the advantages of consistent strain age, regular fruiting, convenience in management, low strain cost, convenience in inoculation and the like, and are widely applied to cultivation of edible fungi in recent years. However, in the production, the fungus growing period of the liquid strain inoculated hypsizygus marmoreus is not shorter than that of the solid strain inoculated hypsizygus marmoreus, but the defects that the decomposition capacity of lignin and the like is reduced, the fruiting time is long, and the like are shown, and the yield of the hypsizygus marmoreus produced by each bag of the liquid strain inoculated hypsizygus marmoreus is lower than that of the solid strain inoculated hypsizygus marmoreus, so that how to effectively combine the advantages of the solid strain and the liquid strain, the technology suitable for planting the hypsizygus marmoreus is developed, the growth time of the hypsizygus marmoreus is shortened, the turnover rate is improved, the cost is reduced, and the yield is.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention introduces a method for planting hypsizygus marmoreus by liquefying solid strains, which can effectively shorten the growth time of the hypsizygus marmoreus, improve the turnover rate, reduce the cost and increase the yield.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for planting hypsizygus marmoreus by liquefying solid strains comprises the following steps:
(1) culturing the special solid strain for liquefaction, inoculating the strain into a special solid strain culture medium for liquefaction for culture to obtain the special solid strain for liquefaction, wherein the special solid strain culture medium for liquefaction comprises the following dry materials in percentage by weight: 20-50% of lignin powder, 20-50% of paper pulp, 1-3% of soybean meal, 1-3% of corn flour, 10-30% of bran, 0.5-3% of lime and 0.5-3% of light calcium carbonate;
(2) liquefying the solid strain, diluting the solid strain obtained in the step (1) by 2-5 times, adding the diluted solid strain into a crusher, crushing for less than or equal to 60s at a crushing speed of less than or equal to 3000r/min to obtain a liquefied strain, and weighing the liquefied strain according to the weight of the solid strain: diluting with sterile water in a ratio of 1: 130-180 to obtain a liquefied culture strain;
(3) preparing a culture medium, weighing the raw materials according to a culture medium formula, and uniformly mixing, wherein the culture medium formula comprises the following dry materials in percentage by weight: 5-30% of corncobs, 25-38% of cottonseed hulls, 2-8% of bagasse, 18-32% of wood chips, 2-6% of corn flour, 1-4% of soybean meal, 6-20% of bran, 0.5-1.2% of lime and 0.5-1.2% of gypsum powder;
(4) bagging; (5) sterilizing; (6) inoculating; (7) managing in a culture period; (8) fruiting management; (9) harvesting; (10) and (5) storing.
The lignin powder is a substance which is obtained by processing lignocellulose and has high lignin content and small molecular weight, and is added into a solid strain culture medium special for the liquefaction of the hypsizygus marmoreus, so that the strain can generate extracellular enzymes with high activity for degrading lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose in the seed production stage, the degradation capability of the strain on the lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose is improved, and the strain can degrade the lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose quickly, absorb nutrients and has high culture medium conversion rate after being inoculated; paper pulp can form the suspended solid in aqueous for solid bacterial forms the mixture of suspension form, and the solid bacterial of being convenient for is broken, and the bacterial after the breakage has good homogeneity, still can keep sufficient homogeneity after diluting, and it is many to make to send out the fungus after inoculating, and the pollution abatement can also guarantee not stifled rifle when inoculating.
The nutrient components in the culture medium are lower than that of the existing culture medium, so that the conversion rate of the culture medium is increased, the content of the corncobs is higher than that of the existing culture medium, the porosity of the culture medium is high, the absorption rate and the absorption amount of the hypsizygus marmoreus on the nutrient components are increased, and the content of mycelia is increased.
Preferably, the special solid strain culture medium for liquefaction in the step (1) comprises the following dry materials in percentage by weight: 25-45% of lignin powder, 25-45% of paper pulp, 1-2.5% of soybean meal, 1-2.5% of corn flour, 10-20% of bran, 0.5-2% of lime and 0.5-2% of light calcium carbonate.
Preferably, the special solid strain culture medium for liquefaction in the step (1) comprises the following dry materials in percentage by weight: 38% of lignin powder, 38% of paper pulp, 2% of soybean meal, 2% of corn flour, 18% of bran, 1% of lime and 1% of light calcium carbonate.
Preferably, the pulp in step (1) is one or more of hardwood pulp, softwood pulp, bamboo pulp and gramineous pulp.
Preferably, the formula of the culture medium in the step (3) comprises the following dry materials in percentage by weight: 5-15% of corncobs, 28-38% of cottonseed hulls, 4-7% of bagasse, 20-30% of sawdust, 4-6% of corn flour, 2-4% of soybean meal, 10-20% of bran, 0.8-1.2% of lime and 0.8-1.2% of gypsum powder.
Preferably, the formula of the culture medium in the step (3) comprises the following dry materials in percentage by weight: 8% of corncob, 35% of cottonseed hull, 6% of bagasse, 26% of wood chip, 5% of corn flour, 3% of soybean meal, 15% of bran, 1% of lime and 1% of gypsum powder.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the seafood mushroom has short fruiting period, high turnover rate and high yield. According to the method, the hypsizygus marmoreus is cultivated by adopting a solid strain liquefaction technology, the culture medium of the special solid strain for liquefaction contains lignin powder, the lignin content of the lignin powder is extremely high, and the lignin powder is easy to decompose, the strain generates extracellular enzymes with high enough activity for degrading lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose in the seed production process, so that the strain does not need to adapt to a new culture medium after being inoculated to the culture medium, the lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose in the culture medium can be quickly decomposed, the conversion rate of the culture medium is improved, the germination of hyphae and the growth of the hypsizygus marmoreus are promoted, the growth cycle of the hypsizygus marmoreus is shortened, and the absorption capacity of the hypsizygus marmoreus on nutrition is improved; in addition, as the decomposition capacity of the strains is improved, the nutrient components of the seafood mushroom cultivation medium special for the liquefied strains are lower than those of the culture medium inoculated by the existing liquid strains and solid strains, and the conversion time of the culture medium can be effectively shortened by reducing the nutrient components; meanwhile, the content of the corncobs in the culture medium is increased, so that the porosity of the culture medium is increased, the content of mycelia is increased, and the nutrient elements can be absorbed by the hypsizygus marmoreus, so that the growth speed of the hypsizygus marmoreus and the yield of the hypsizygus marmoreus are increased.
(2) The production cost is low. The method adopts the solid strain liquefaction technology to cultivate the hypsizygus marmoreus, and can inoculate only by diluting the cultured solid strain and crushing the diluted solid strain, so that the production process is simple, the crushing time is short, the crushing rotating speed is low, the crushing energy consumption is low, the equipment investment is low, the nutrient components of the culture medium are lower than those of the existing culture medium for the hypsizygus marmoreus, the raw material cost is low, and the production cost is greatly reduced.
(3) The strain has long preservation time. The liquid strain can be generally preserved for only 7 days after being inoculated in a triangular flask, and can be preserved for only about 9 days after being made into a fermentation tank, but the solid strain can be prepared after the mycelium is liquefied, the strain preservation can reach more than 30 days, and the waste of the strain is reduced.
(4) The inoculation process is simple. The liquefied strain obtained after the liquefaction of the solid strain often causes gun blockage due to uneven dispersion of the solid in the liquefied strain in the inoculation process, the special solid strain for liquefaction contains paper pulp with higher content, the paper pulp can be used as a nutrient substance and can also form a suspended mixture, so that the liquefied strain forms uniform liquid, the risk of gun blockage cannot be caused, and the inoculation process is simple and convenient.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples.
Example one
The embodiment provides a method for planting hypsizygus marmoreus by liquefying solid strains, which comprises the following steps:
(1) culturing the liquefied special solid strain: inoculating the strain into a special solid strain culture medium for liquefaction for culture to obtain the special solid strain for liquefaction, wherein the special solid strain culture medium for liquefaction comprises the following dry materials in percentage by weight: 38% of lignin powder, 38% of paper pulp, 2% of soybean meal, 2% of corn flour, 18% of bran, 1% of lime and 1% of light calcium carbonate;
(2) liquefying the solid strain, diluting the solid strain obtained in the step (1) by 2 times, adding the diluted solid strain into a crusher, crushing for 30s at a crushing speed of 3000r/min to obtain a liquefied strain, and weighing the liquefied strain according to the weight of the solid strain: diluting with sterile water at a ratio of 1:150 to obtain liquefied culture strain;
(3) preparing a culture medium: weighing the raw materials according to a cultivation medium formula, and uniformly mixing, wherein the cultivation medium formula comprises the following dry materials in percentage by weight: 8% of corncob, 35% of cottonseed hull, 6% of bagasse, 26% of wood chip, 5% of corn flour, 3% of soybean meal, 15% of bran, 1% of lime and 1% of gypsum powder;
(4) bagging: uniformly mixing materials by a stirrer, using a polyethylene plastic bag with a doubling diameter of 18 x 32 as a container, controlling the upper part and the lower part of a cultivation bag to be tight when the cultivation bag is filled with the materials, wherein the height of the filling of the cultivation bag is 12-14 cm, and the wet weight is about 1.15 kg;
(5) and (3) sterilization: placing the wrapped cultivation bags and the plastic baskets in a sterilization trolley, pushing the sterilization trolley into an atmospheric sterilization pot for sterilization, and carrying out atmospheric sterilization for 10-12 hours;
(6) inoculation: cooling the sterilized cultivation bag to 25 ℃, pushing the cultivation bag into a clean room, and inoculating the liquefied cultivation strain obtained in the step (2);
(7) and (3) management in a culture period:
a. managing in a fixed value period, wherein fresh air does not need to be supplemented 15 days after inoculation, the temperature is 19-21 ℃, the humidity is 70-75%, and the concentration of carbon dioxide is lower than 0.25%;
b. managing in a growth period, increasing ventilation quantity, ensuring that the temperature of a core cannot exceed 28 ℃, and referring to a fixed value period for humidity and carbon dioxide concentration;
c. managing in the later ripening period, wherein the temperature can be adjusted to 24-26 ℃, so that the hyphae can decompose the nutrition of the compost more easily, the concentration of carbon dioxide can be properly adjusted to 0.6%, the hyphae in the compost turn yellow, and the hyphae are depressed by hand, which indicates that the later ripening period is finished;
(8) and (3) fruiting management:
a. opening bags to disturb bacteria: opening the cultivation bag, simply culturing the fungi, removing aerial hyphae on the surface, and keeping the fungi bag film at 4-6 cm;
b. and (3) growth management: the opened fungus bags are put in a fruiting room and are placed vertically, the space temperature is 13-16 ℃, the humidity is 85% -95%, the concentration of carbon dioxide is lower than 0.3%, and the lamplight is not more than 400 lux;
(9) harvesting: harvesting in time when the sporocarp grows to 8-14 cm and the edge of the mushroom cap is slightly rolled but not opened, and according to the actual harvesting standard according to the market demand, holding the mushroom bag by hand, shaking the mushroom lightly, and automatically separating the mushroom from mushroom materials and then pulling out the mushroom;
(10) and (3) storage: and (3) after harvesting, timely subpackaging, subpackaging each weighed mushroom by using an automatic subpackaging machine, and transporting to a refrigeration room for chilling, wherein the temperature of the refrigeration room is controlled at 0-3 ℃.
Example two
The embodiment provides a method for planting hypsizygus marmoreus by liquefying solid strains, which comprises the following steps:
(1) culturing the liquefied special solid strain: inoculating the strain into a special solid strain culture medium for liquefaction for culture to obtain the special solid strain for liquefaction, wherein the special solid strain culture medium for liquefaction comprises the following dry materials in percentage by weight: 30% of lignin powder, 30% of paper pulp, 2% of soybean meal, 2% of corn flour, 30% of bran, 3% of lime and 3% of light calcium carbonate;
(2) liquefying the solid strain, diluting the solid strain obtained in the step (1) by 3 times, adding the diluted solid strain into a crusher, crushing for 60s at a crushing speed of 2000r/min to obtain a liquefied strain, and weighing the liquefied strain according to the weight of the solid strain: diluting with sterile water at a ratio of 1:180 to obtain liquefied cultured strains;
(3) preparing a culture medium: weighing the raw materials according to a cultivation medium formula, and uniformly mixing, wherein the cultivation medium formula comprises the following dry materials in percentage by weight: 30% of corncob, 25% of cottonseed hull, 8% of bagasse, 18% of wood chip, 6% of corn flour, 1% of soybean meal, 10% of bran, 1.2% of lime and 0.8% of gypsum powder;
the rest steps are the same as the first embodiment.
EXAMPLE III
The embodiment provides a method for planting hypsizygus marmoreus by liquefying solid strains, which comprises the following steps:
(1) culturing the liquefied special solid strain: inoculating the strain into a special solid strain culture medium for liquefaction for culture to obtain the special solid strain for liquefaction, wherein the special solid strain culture medium for liquefaction comprises the following dry materials in percentage by weight: 44% of lignin powder, 43% of paper pulp, 1% of soybean meal, 1% of corn flour, 10% of bran, 0.5% of lime and 0.5% of light calcium carbonate;
(2) liquefying the solid strain, diluting the solid strain obtained in the step (1) by 5 times, adding the diluted solid strain into a crusher, crushing for 40s at a crushing speed of 1000r/min to obtain the liquefied strain, and weighing the liquefied strain according to the weight of the solid strain: diluting with sterile water at a ratio of 1:130 to obtain liquefied cultured strain;
(3) preparing a culture medium: weighing the raw materials according to a cultivation medium formula, and uniformly mixing, wherein the cultivation medium formula comprises the following dry materials in percentage by weight: 5% of corncob, 38% of cottonseed hull, 8% of bagasse, 32% of wood chip, 2% of corn flour, 4% of soybean meal, 8.6% of bran, 1.2% of lime and 1.2% of gypsum powder;
the rest steps are the same as the first embodiment.
Experimental example 1
In this experimental example, the culture time, fruiting time, medium conversion rate, single bag mushroom yield, and the like of hypsizygus marmoreus planted by the first, second, and third examples and the conventional hypsizygus marmoreus planting method were compared, wherein the conventional culture method includes the following steps:
(1) liquid strain PDA culture medium culture: the liquid strain is cultured by a PDA culture medium under the aseptic condition, wherein the PDA culture medium comprises the following materials in percentage by weight: 0.2% of peptone, 20% of potatoes, 1% of glucose, 0.1% of magnesium sulfate, 2.3% of agar powder and the balance of water;
(2) culturing liquid strain in a visible bottle culture medium: culturing liquid strains by using a visible bottle culture medium under an aseptic condition, wherein the visible bottle culture medium comprises the following materials in percentage by weight: 0.2% of peptone, 20% of potatoes, 1% of glucose, 0.1% of magnesium sulfate, 2.3% of agar powder and the balance of water;
(3) liquid strain shake-flask culture medium culture: culturing liquid strains by using a shake flask culture medium under an aseptic condition, wherein the shake flask culture medium comprises the following materials in percentage by weight: 3% of glucose, 0.7% of yeast extract, 0.1% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1% of magnesium sulfate, 0.001% of vitamin B and the balance of water;
(4) liquid strain fermentation tank culture: culturing liquid strains in a fermentation tank under the aseptic condition, wherein a fermentation tank culture medium comprises the following materials in percentage by weight: 3% of glucose, 0.7% of yeast extract, 0.1% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1% of magnesium sulfate, 0.001% of vitamin B and the balance of water;
(5) preparing materials: weighing the raw materials according to a formula of a culture medium, wherein the culture medium comprises the following materials in percentage by weight: 50% of cottonseed hulls, 22% of sawdust, 5% of corn flour, 3% of soybean meal, 18% of bran, 1% of lime, 1% of gypsum powder and the balance of water.
The other steps are the same as the steps (4) to (10) of the first embodiment.
The comparative results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 comparative test results
Analyzing the results of the comparative experiment, it can be known that: the method for planting the hypsizygus marmoreus by liquefying the solid strains has the advantages of short culture time, short fruiting time, high turnover rate, high culture medium conversion rate, high yield and low cost. Taking the planting method of the first embodiment as an example, compared with a conventional liquid spawn planting method, the planting method of the first embodiment can bring the hypsizygus marmoreus into the market in advance for 10 days, the conversion rate of the culture medium is improved by 50%, the yield of the single bag of hypsizygus marmoreus is improved by 10.75%, the turnover rate of planting the hypsizygus marmoreus is greatly improved, and the yield is improved.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for planting hypsizygus marmoreus by liquefying solid strains is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) culturing a special solid strain for liquefaction, inoculating the strain into a special solid strain culture medium for liquefaction for culture to obtain the special solid strain for liquefaction, wherein the special solid strain culture medium for liquefaction comprises the following dry materials in percentage by weight: 20-50% of lignin powder, 20-50% of paper pulp, 1-3% of soybean meal, 1-3% of corn flour, 10-30% of bran, 0.5-3% of lime and 0.5-3% of light calcium carbonate;
(2) liquefying the solid strain, diluting the solid strain obtained in the step (1) by 2-5 times, adding the diluted solid strain into a crusher, crushing for less than or equal to 60s at a crushing speed of less than or equal to 3000r/min to obtain a liquefied strain, and mixing the liquefied strain according to the weight of the solid strain: diluting with sterile water in a ratio of 1: 130-180 to obtain a liquefied culture strain;
(3) preparing a culture medium, weighing raw materials according to a culture medium formula, and uniformly mixing, wherein the culture medium formula comprises the following dry materials in percentage by weight: 5-30% of corncobs, 25-38% of cottonseed hulls, 2-8% of bagasse, 18-32% of wood chips, 2-6% of corn flour, 1-4% of soybean meal, 6-20% of bran, 0.5-1.2% of lime and 0.5-1.2% of gypsum powder;
(4) bagging; (5) sterilizing; (6) inoculating; (7) managing in a culture period; (8) fruiting management; (9) harvesting; (10) and (5) storing.
2. The method for planting hypsizygus marmoreus by liquefying solid spawn according to claim 1, wherein the formula of the special solid spawn culture medium for liquefying in the step (1) comprises the following dry materials in percentage by weight: 25-45% of lignin powder, 25-45% of paper pulp, 1-2.5% of soybean meal, 1-2.5% of corn flour, 10-20% of bran, 0.5-2% of lime and 0.5-2% of light calcium carbonate.
3. The method for planting hypsizygus marmoreus by liquefying solid spawn according to claim 2, wherein the formula of the special solid spawn culture medium for liquefying in the step (1) comprises the following dry materials in percentage by weight: 38% of lignin powder, 38% of paper pulp, 2% of soybean meal, 2% of corn flour, 18% of bran, 1% of lime and 1% of light calcium carbonate.
4. The method for cultivating hypsizygus marmoreus by using the solid strain liquefaction as claimed in claim 3, wherein the pulp in the step (1) is one or more of hardwood raw pulp, softwood raw pulp, bamboo raw pulp and gramineous raw pulp.
5. The method for cultivating hypsizygus marmoreus by using the solid spawn liquefaction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation medium formula in the step (3) comprises the following dry materials in percentage by weight: 5-15% of corncobs, 28-38% of cottonseed hulls, 4-7% of bagasse, 20-30% of sawdust, 4-6% of corn flour, 2-4% of soybean meal, 10-20% of bran, 0.8-1.2% of lime and 0.8-1.2% of gypsum powder.
6. The method for cultivating hypsizygus marmoreus by using the solid spawn liquefaction as claimed in claim 5, wherein the cultivation medium formula in the step (3) comprises the following dry materials in percentage by weight: 8% of corncob, 35% of cottonseed hull, 6% of bagasse, 26% of wood chip, 5% of corn flour, 3% of soybean meal, 15% of bran, 1% of lime and 1% of gypsum powder.
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| CN110036829A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-07-23 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | A kind of preparation method of oyster mushroom solid liquefaction strain |
| CN110301293A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-10-08 | 张掖贯党珍稀菇业有限公司 | A kind of compost and cultural method of seafood mushroom |
| CN113303165A (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-08-27 | 四川菌绿生态农业科技有限公司 | Seafood mushroom planting method |
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