CN103449928A - Culture medium using waste loquat branches as matrix as well as preparation and cultivation method of culture medium - Google Patents
Culture medium using waste loquat branches as matrix as well as preparation and cultivation method of culture medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural microbiology, and specifically relates to a culture medium using waste loquat branches as matrix as well as a preparation and a cultivation method of the culture medium, aiming at solving the technical problem that existing edible fungus is short of cultivation resources, and an existing method for producing the edible fungus by the loquat branches is complex to operate and high in cost. The culture medium comprises the following materials in ratio: 38%-68% of loquat branches, 0%-20% of corncobs, 10%-20% of distilled grains, 3%-8% of oil cakes, 8%-15% of wheat bran, 0.5%-1% of ammonium sulfate, 0.5%-1% of sucrose, 1% of quick lime, 1% of plaster and 1% of zymocyte. According to the invention, the waste loquat branches are fermented and treated for cultivating hericium erinaceus and ganoderma lucidum, so that the operation method is simple and easy to implement and the production cost can be lowered, and therefore, a new resource is provided for edible fungus cultivation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture microorganism field, be specifically related to discard substratum and preparation and the cultivating method of loquat branch as matrix.
Technical background
The Traditional Wood saprophage be take the deciduous tree resource as Main Cultivation matrix with bacteria cultivation, but China's forest coverage is low, the wooden woods resource of mushroom accumulation is on the low side, existing mushroom wood woods maldistribution of the resources weighing apparatus, the broad-leaf forest resource is few and stand quality is not high, and available good mushroom wood species ratio is on the low side.Along with the production-scale continuous expansion of edible fungus in bags industry, cause limited mushroom wood resource luxus consumption, mushroom woods contradiction, in many edible mushrooms tradition producing region, mushroom wood woods resource has been the negative growth state, even presents the day by day exhausted trend of broad-leaf forest resource.In addition, some area has also caused seriously disappearing of mushroom wood resource because deforestation is reclaimed wasteland, deforestation does construction, build economic forest, over-exploitation etc., 18% of whole nation area of woods is opening, and these all become the important factor that the restriction mushroom industry develops in a healthy way.Rising steadily of edible fungus culturing raw material in recent years in addition, cotton seed hulls increases to present 2600 yuan/tons by 800 yuan/tons before 3 years, corn cob by before 3 years 400 yuan/tons increase to present 880 yuan/tons, the extreme of raw materials for production goes up and causes increasing substantially of Edible Fungi cost, constantly compress the profit margin of mushroom agriculture, make edible mushrooms go into operation than constantly reducing, limited to a certain extent the development of mushroom industry.Therefore, seek the edible fungus culturing new resources, guarantee the mushroom industry Sustainable development, extremely urgent.
Conventional art is to adopt will the loquat branch to pulverize, produce edible mushrooms after the pack sterilising treatment, owing to pulverizing loquat branch and pack (charging is few) time-consuming, sterilizing also needs special-purpose sterilizing device, front-end investment is large, need in sterilization process to consume coal or electricity, make production cost high, also contaminate environment.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention be existing edible fungus culturing there is lack of raw materials, and existing loquat branch to produce method complicated operation, the cost of edible mushrooms higher.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above be to provide a kind of using discard the substratum of loquat branch as cultivation Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. and Ganderma lucidum matrix.
Provided by the invention using discard the substratum of loquat branch as cultivation Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. and Ganderma lucidum matrix, its proportioning raw materials is: loquat branch 38%～68%, corn cob 0%～20%, vinasse 10～20%, oil cake 3～8%, wheat bran 8～15%, ammonium sulfate 0.5～1%, sucrose 0.5%～1%, unslaked lime 1%, gypsum 1%, zymophyte 1%.
Preferably, using and discard the substratum of loquat branch as matrix, its proportioning raw materials is: loquat branch 48%, corn cob 15%, vinasse 15%, oil cake 5%, wheat bran 12%, ammonium sulfate 1%, sucrose 1%, unslaked lime 1%, gypsum 1%, zymophyte 1%.
Wherein, above-mentioned using discard in the substratum of loquat branch as matrix, described zymophyte is a kind of in Chinese medicine yeast, wide bacterium king starter, EM microbial inoculum; Described zymophyte is preferably the Chinese medicine yeast.
The present invention also provide above-mentioned using discard the compound method of loquat branch as the substratum of matrix, comprise the following steps:
A, the loquat branch that goes mouldy discarded by drying, nothing are crushed to the particle that particle diameter is 0.1～10mm;
B, raw material is mixed according to proportioning, fermentation obtains substratum.
Wherein, above-mentioned using discard in the compound method of loquat branch as the substratum of cultivation Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. and Ganderma lucidum matrix, the described drying of step a, without going mouldy, by intact, it is 15～30% that the loquat branch do not infected by competitive miscellaneous bacteria is dried to water content.
Wherein, in aforesaid method, the concrete operations of the described fermentation of step b are: mixing raw material water transfer to water content is 60～65%, pile bottom width 1.0～1.5m, high by 0.8～1.2, the long bar shaped stockpile of not limitting, cover and fermented with straw, in material, temperature reaches more than 55 ℃, maintain fermentation and carry out turning for the first time after 36～48 hours, during turning in court turn up, on turn over down; In stockpile, temperature surpasses more than 55 ℃ again, keeps fermentation after 36～48 hours, carries out turning for the second time; After turning, in stockpile, temperature surpasses more than 55 ℃ again for the second time, then keeps fermentation after 36～48 hours, carries out turning for the third time, then continues fermentation 48 hours again, obtains culture material.
The present invention also provides to using and has discarded the loquat branch as the substratum cultivation Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. of matrix and the method for Ganderma lucidum, comprises the following steps:
C, inoculation: first spread the substratum that one deck 10cm is thick and then inoculate 1/3 bacterial classification in Box of foamed plastics, repave the substratum that 5cm is thick and then inoculate 1/3 bacterial classification, repave the substratum that 5cm is thick and then inoculate 1/3 bacterial classification, after having inoculated, add a cover foam cap, make incubator; Wherein, inoculum size is 15% of substratum quality;
D, a bacterium: the incubator of having inoculated is carried out to pile and send out bacterium, the bacteria developing period temperature is controlled at 22 ℃～25 ℃, and relative air humidity is 60～70%, and full dark condition issues bacterium, and sending out the bacterium time is 25～30 days;
E, fruiting: after the Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. mycelia is covered with culture material, remove cotton, give scattered light, control temperature in 20～28 ℃ of fruiting scopes, keep atmospheric moisture 85～95%, carry out ventilation every day, hedgehog hydnum is from the punching fruiting; Ganoderma lucidum mycelium is opened lid after covering with culture material, then covers the evenly mixed wet soil of use 1% lime water that one deck 3～4cm is thick, maintains soil humidity 28～32%, give scattered light, control temperature in 20～28 ℃ of scopes, keep atmospheric moisture 85～95%, glossy ganoderma starts fruiting from overburden layer.
Wherein, described bubble chamber, arrange the circular hole that diameter is 2cm in two long the spacing according to high 10cm, wide 10cm of bubble chamber, then each circular hole cotton beyond the Great Wall.
The present invention utilizes discarded loquat branch fermentative processing to cultivate Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. and Ganderma lucidum; working method is simple and easy to do; send out bacterium fast; space availability ratio is high; transformation efficiency and conventional art are suitable; can reduce production costs 20～30%; can partially or completely substitute the cultivation that cotton seed hulls and weed tree sawdust carry out Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. and Ganderma lucidum; realized the recycle of waste; extend the loquat industrial chain, increased orchard worker's income, effectively protected ecotope; expand edible fungus culturing new raw material and novel method, guaranteed the mushroom industry Sustainable development.
Embodiment
Using and discard the substratum of loquat branch as matrix, its proportioning raw materials is: loquat branch 38%～68%, corn cob 0%～20%, vinasse 10～20%, oil cake 3～8%, wheat bran 8～15%, ammonium sulfate 0.5～1%, sucrose 0.5%～1%, unslaked lime 1%, gypsum 1%, zymophyte 1%.
Preferably, using and discard the substratum of loquat branch as matrix, its proportioning raw materials is: loquat branch 48%, corn cob 15%, vinasse 15%, oil cake 5%, wheat bran 12%, ammonium sulfate 1%, sucrose 1%, unslaked lime 1%, gypsum 1%, zymophyte 1%.
Wherein, above-mentioned using discard the substratum of loquat branch as matrix, described oil cake is the waste material after the oil expression such as rape, peanut, soybean.
Wherein, above-mentioned using discard the substratum of loquat branch as matrix, described vinasse are the roasting remaining waste materials after drinking of beer and white wine.
Above-mentioned using discard the compound method of loquat branch as the substratum of matrix, comprise the following steps:
A, will be dried to water content and be 15～30%, without the loquat branch that goes mouldy discarded, be crushed to the particle that particle diameter is 0.1～10mm;
B, raw material is mixed according to proportioning, water transfer to water content is 60～65%, fermentation: mixture piles bottom width 1.0～1.5m, high 0.8～1.2m, the long bar shaped stockpile of not limitting, cover and carry out aerobic fermentation with straw, in material, temperature reaches more than 55 ℃, maintain fermentation and carry out turning for the first time after 36～48 hours, during turning in towards turning up, on turn over down; In stockpile, temperature surpasses more than 55 ℃ again, keeps fermentation after 36～48 hours, carries out turning for the second time; After turning, in stockpile, temperature surpasses more than 55 ℃ again for the second time, then keeps fermentation after 36～48 hours, carries out turning for the third time, then continues fermentation 48 hours again, obtains substratum.
In step b, the too low or too high mycelia of water content all grows bad, and the high-moisture culture material is easily contaminated.Easily heat up the raw material hybrid reactor is high, but pile too widely and too highly be unfavorable for that beneficial microorganism breeds and turning.During turning, upper fabric down turns over, and lower fabric up turns over, and the inside material is toward turning up, and outer facing material, toward turning in, could allow the abundant fermentation of material evenly like this, is conducive to mycelial growth.Culture material humidity, turning number of times, turning method all can exert an influence to ferment effect.
Because the culture material treatment capacity is large, the present invention adopts fermentation process to process substratum for traditional sterilising method, simple to operate, does not want sterilizing device and fuel, and production cost is low, sends out bacterium fast, and biological transformation ratio is suitable.
The present invention also provides to using and has discarded the loquat branch as the substratum cultivation Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. of matrix and the method for Ganderma lucidum, comprises the following steps:
C, inoculation: first spread the substratum that one deck 10cm is thick and then inoculate 1/3 bacterial classification in Box of foamed plastics, repave the substratum that 5cm is thick and then inoculate 1/3 bacterial classification, repave the substratum that 5cm is thick and then inoculate 1/3 bacterial classification, after having inoculated, add a cover foam cap, make incubator; Wherein, inoculum size is 15% of substratum quality;
D, a bacterium: the incubator of having inoculated is carried out to pile and send out bacterium, the bacteria developing period temperature is controlled at 22 ℃～25 ℃, and relative air humidity is 60～70%, and full dark condition issues bacterium, and sending out the bacterium time is 25～30 days;
E, fruiting: after hericium mycelium covers with culture material, remove cotton, give scattered light, control temperature in 20～28 ℃ of fruiting scopes, keep atmospheric moisture 85～95%, carry out ventilation every day, hedgehog hydnum is from the punching fruiting; Ganoderma lucidum mycelium is opened lid after covering with culture material, then covers the evenly mixed wet soil of use 1% lime water that one deck 3～4cm is thick, maintains soil humidity 28～32%, give scattered light, control temperature in 20～28 ℃ of scopes, keep atmospheric moisture 85～95%, glossy ganoderma starts fruiting from overburden layer.
The present invention adopts in bubble chamber Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. and Ganderma lucidum is inoculated, sends out bacterium and fruiting.
Wherein, described bubble chamber, arrange the circular hole that diameter is 2cm in two long spacings according to high 10cm, wide 10cm of bubble chamber, then each circular hole cotton beyond the Great Wall.
Adopt bubble chamber cultivation by hole edible mushrooms, than easy and simple to handle with plastic bag cultivation, the amount of labour used is few, and air permeability is good, pollutes littlely, and culture material is not easy dehydration, and, the Box of foamed plastics three-dimensional planting can be in sending out the bacterium process because pile is too high the burning bacterium.
The Chinese medicine yeast used in the embodiment of the present invention is produced by Sichuan flat mcroorganism Products Co., Ltd, and its trade name is " Chinese medicine yeast ", and the patent No. is ZL01108507.X.Wide bacterium king starter is produced by Jining City large Chinese scholartree biotechnology limited liability company.The EM microbial inoculum is produced by Kang Yuan oasis biotechnology (Beijing) company limited.
Embodiment 1
Raw material is: loquat branch 38%, corn cob 20%, vinasse 20%, oil cake 3%, wheat bran 15%, ammonium sulfate 0.5%, sucrose 0.5%, unslaked lime 1%, gypsum 1%, Chinese medicine yeast 1%.
A, will be dried to water content and be 15～30%, without the loquat branch that goes mouldy discarded, be crushed to the particle that particle diameter is 0.1～10mm;
B, according to proportioning, raw material is mixed, water transfer is to culture material water content 60%, fermentation: mixture piles bottom width 1.0m, high 0.8m, the long bar shaped stockpile of not limitting, cover and carry out aerobic fermentation with straw, in material, temperature reaches more than 55 ℃, maintain fermentation and carry out turning for the first time after 36 hours, during turning in towards turning up, on turn over down; In stockpile, temperature surpasses more than 55 ℃ again, keeps fermentation after 36 hours, carries out turning for the second time; After turning, in stockpile, temperature surpasses more than 55 ℃ again for the second time, then keeps fermentation after 36 hours, carries out turning for the third time, then continues fermentation 48 hours again, obtains substratum;
C, inoculation: first spread the substratum that one deck 10cm is thick and then inoculate 1/3 bacterial classification in Box of foamed plastics, repave the substratum that 5cm is thick and then inoculate 1/3 bacterial classification, repave the substratum that 5cm is thick and then inoculate 1/3 bacterial classification, after having inoculated, add a cover foam cap, make incubator; Wherein, inoculum size is 15% of substratum quality;
D, a bacterium: the incubator of having inoculated is carried out to pile and send out bacterium, the bacteria developing period temperature is controlled at 22 ℃～25 ℃, and relative air humidity is in 60% left and right, and full dark condition issues bacterium, and hedgehog hydnum sends out 36 days bacterium time, and glossy ganoderma sends out 20 days bacterium time;
E, fruiting: after the Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. mycelia is covered with culture material, remove cotton, give scattered light, control temperature in 20～28 ℃ of fruiting scopes, keep atmospheric moisture 85～95%, carry out ventilation every day, hedgehog hydnum is from the punching fruiting; Ganoderma lucidum mycelium is opened lid after covering with culture material, then covers the evenly mixed wet soil of use 1% lime water that one deck 3～4cm is thick, maintains soil humidity in 30% left and right, give scattered light, control temperature in 20～28 ℃ of scopes, keep atmospheric moisture 85～95%, glossy ganoderma starts fruiting from overburden layer.
Embodiment 2
Raw material is: loquat branch 48%, corn cob 10%, vinasse 20%, oil cake 3%, wheat bran 14%, ammonium sulfate 1%, sucrose 1%, unslaked lime 1%, gypsum 1%, wide bacterium king starter 1%.
A, will be dried to water content and be 15～30%, without the loquat branch that goes mouldy discarded, be crushed to the particle that particle diameter is 0.1～10mm;
B, according to proportioning, raw material is mixed, water transfer is to culture material water content 65%, fermentation: mixture piles bottom width 1.2m, high 1.0m, the long bar shaped stockpile of not limitting, cover and carry out aerobic fermentation with straw, in material, temperature reaches more than 55 ℃, maintain fermentation and carry out turning for the first time after 42 hours, during turning in towards turning up, on turn over down; In stockpile, temperature surpasses more than 55 ℃ again, keeps fermentation after 42 hours, carries out turning for the second time; After turning, in stockpile, temperature surpasses more than 55 ℃ again for the second time, then keeps fermentation after 42 hours, carries out turning for the third time, then continues fermentation 48 hours again, obtains substratum;
C, inoculation: first spread the substratum that one deck 10cm is thick and then inoculate 1/3 bacterial classification in Box of foamed plastics, repave the substratum that 5cm is thick and then inoculate 1/3 bacterial classification, repave the substratum that 5cm is thick and then inoculate 1/3 bacterial classification, after having inoculated, add a cover foam cap, make incubator; Wherein, inoculum size is 15% of substratum quality;
D, a bacterium: the incubator of having inoculated is carried out to pile and send out bacterium, the bacteria developing period temperature is controlled at 22 ℃～25 ℃, and relative air humidity is in 60% left and right, and full dark condition issues bacterium, and hedgehog hydnum sends out 35 days bacterium time, and glossy ganoderma sends out 20 days bacterium time;
E, fruiting: after the Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. mycelia is covered with culture material, remove cotton, give scattered light, control temperature in 20～28 ℃ of fruiting scopes, keep atmospheric moisture 85～95%, carry out ventilation every day, hedgehog hydnum is from the punching fruiting; Ganoderma lucidum mycelium is opened lid after covering with culture material, then covers the evenly mixed wet soil of use 1% lime water that one deck 3～4cm is thick, maintains soil humidity in 30% left and right, give scattered light, control temperature in 20～28 ℃ of scopes, keep atmospheric moisture 85～95%, glossy ganoderma starts fruiting from overburden layer.
Embodiment 3
Raw material is: loquat branch 58%, vinasse 20%, oil cake 5%, wheat bran 12%, ammonium sulfate 1%, sucrose 1%, unslaked lime 1%, gypsum 1%, EM microbial inoculum 1%.
A, will be dried to water content and be 15～30%, without the loquat branch that goes mouldy discarded, be crushed to the particle that particle diameter is 0.1～10mm;
B, according to proportioning, raw material is mixed, water transfer is to culture material water content 62%, fermentation: mixture piles bottom width 1.2m, high 1.0m, the long bar shaped stockpile of not limitting, cover and carry out aerobic fermentation with straw, in material, temperature reaches more than 55 ℃, maintain fermentation and carry out turning for the first time after 48 hours, during turning in towards turning up, on turn over down; In stockpile, temperature surpasses more than 55 ℃ again, keeps fermentation after 48 hours, carries out turning for the second time; After turning, in stockpile, temperature surpasses more than 55 ℃ again for the second time, then keeps fermentation after 48 hours, carries out turning for the third time, then continues fermentation 48 hours again, obtains substratum;
C, inoculation: first spread the substratum that one deck 10cm is thick and then inoculate 1/3 bacterial classification in Box of foamed plastics, repave the substratum that 5cm is thick and then inoculate 1/3 bacterial classification, repave the substratum that 5cm is thick and then inoculate 1/3 bacterial classification, after having inoculated, add a cover foam cap, make incubator; Wherein, inoculum size is 15% of substratum quality;
D, a bacterium: the incubator of having inoculated is carried out to pile and send out bacterium, the bacteria developing period temperature is controlled at 22 ℃～25 ℃, and relative air humidity is in 60% left and right, and full dark condition issues bacterium, and hedgehog hydnum sends out 35 days bacterium time, and glossy ganoderma sends out 18 days bacterium time;
E, fruiting: after mycelia is covered with culture material, remove cotton, give scattered light, control temperature in 20～28 ℃ of fruiting scopes, keep atmospheric moisture 85～95%, carry out ventilation every day, hedgehog hydnum is from the punching fruiting; Ganoderma lucidum mycelium is opened lid after covering with culture material, then covers the evenly mixed wet soil of use 1% lime water that one deck 3～4cm is thick, maintains soil humidity in 30% left and right, give scattered light, control temperature in 20～28 ℃ of scopes, keep atmospheric moisture 85～95%, glossy ganoderma starts fruiting from overburden layer.
Embodiment 4
Raw material is: loquat branch 68%, vinasse 10%, oil cake 3%, wheat bran 15%, ammonium sulfate 0.5%, sucrose 0.5%, unslaked lime 1%, gypsum 1%, Chinese medicine yeast 1%.
A, will be dried to water content and be 15～30%, without the loquat branch that goes mouldy discarded, be crushed to the particle that particle diameter is 0.1～10mm;
B, according to proportioning, raw material is mixed, water transfer is to culture material water content 63%, fermentation: mixture piles bottom width 1.5m, high 1.2m, the long bar shaped stockpile of not limitting, cover and carry out aerobic fermentation with straw, in material, temperature reaches more than 55 ℃, maintain fermentation and carry out turning for the first time after 48 hours, during turning in towards turning up, on turn over down; In stockpile, temperature surpasses more than 55 ℃ again, keeps fermentation after 42 hours, carries out turning for the second time; After turning, in stockpile, temperature surpasses more than 55 ℃ again for the second time, then keeps fermentation after 42 hours, carries out turning for the third time, then continues fermentation 48 hours again, obtains substratum;
C, inoculation: first spread the substratum that one deck 10cm is thick and then inoculate 1/3 bacterial classification in Box of foamed plastics, repave the substratum that 5cm is thick and then inoculate 1/3 bacterial classification, repave the substratum that 5cm is thick and then inoculate 1/3 bacterial classification, after having inoculated, add a cover foam cap, make incubator; Wherein, inoculum size is 15% of substratum quality;
D, a bacterium: the incubator of having inoculated is carried out to pile and send out bacterium, the bacteria developing period temperature is controlled at 22 ℃～25 ℃, and relative air humidity is in 60% left and right, and full dark condition issues bacterium, and hedgehog hydnum sends out 35 days bacterium time, and glossy ganoderma sends out 19 days bacterium time;
E, fruiting: after the Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. mycelia is covered with culture material, remove cotton, give scattered light, control temperature in 20～28 ℃ of fruiting scopes, keep atmospheric moisture 85～95%, carry out ventilation every day, hedgehog hydnum is from the punching fruiting; Ganoderma lucidum mycelium is opened lid after covering with culture material, then covers the evenly mixed wet soil of use 1% lime water that one deck 3～4cm is thick, maintains soil humidity in 30% left and right, give scattered light, control temperature in 20～28 ℃ of scopes, keep atmospheric moisture 85～95%, glossy ganoderma starts fruiting from overburden layer.
Embodiment 5
Raw material is: loquat branch 48%, corn cob 15%, vinasse 15%, oil cake 6%, wheat bran 12%, ammonium sulfate 0.5%, sucrose 0.5%, unslaked lime 1%, gypsum 1%, Chinese medicine yeast 1%.
A, will be dried to water content and be 15～30%, without the loquat branch that goes mouldy discarded, be crushed to the particle that particle diameter is 0.1～10mm;
B, according to proportioning, raw material is mixed, water transfer is to culture material water content 65%, fermentation: mixture piles bottom width 1.2m, high 1.0m, the long bar shaped stockpile of not limitting, cover and carry out aerobic fermentation with straw, in material, temperature reaches more than 55 ℃, maintain fermentation and carry out turning for the first time after 48 hours, during turning in towards turning up, on turn over down; In stockpile, temperature surpasses more than 55 ℃ again, keeps fermentation after 42 hours, carries out turning for the second time; After turning, in stockpile, temperature surpasses more than 55 ℃ again for the second time, then keeps fermentation after 42 hours, carries out turning for the third time, then continues fermentation 48 hours again, obtains substratum;
C, inoculation: first spread the substratum that one deck 10cm is thick and then inoculate 1/3 bacterial classification in Box of foamed plastics, repave the substratum that 5cm is thick and then inoculate 1/3 bacterial classification, repave the substratum that 5cm is thick and then inoculate 1/3 bacterial classification, after having inoculated, add a cover foam cap, make incubator; Wherein, inoculum size is 15% of substratum quality;
D, a bacterium: the incubator of having inoculated is carried out to pile and send out bacterium, the bacteria developing period temperature is controlled at 22 ℃～25 ℃, and relative air humidity is in 60% left and right, and full dark condition issues bacterium, and hedgehog hydnum sends out 33 days bacterium time, and glossy ganoderma sends out 17 days bacterium time;
E, fruiting: after the Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. mycelia is covered with culture material, remove cotton, give scattered light, control temperature in 20～28 ℃ of fruiting scopes, keep atmospheric moisture 85～95%, carry out ventilation every day, hedgehog hydnum is from the punching fruiting; Ganoderma lucidum mycelium is opened lid after covering with culture material, then covers the evenly mixed wet soil of use 1% lime water that one deck 3～4cm is thick, maintains soil humidity in 30% left and right, give scattered light, control temperature in 20～28 ℃ of scopes, keep atmospheric moisture 85～95%, glossy ganoderma starts fruiting from overburden layer.
Embodiment 6
Raw material is: loquat branch 48%, corn cob 15%, vinasse 15%, oil cake 5%, wheat bran 12%, ammonium sulfate 1%, sucrose 1%, unslaked lime 1%, gypsum 1%, Chinese medicine yeast 1%.
A, will be dried to water content and be 15～30%, without the loquat branch that goes mouldy discarded, be crushed to the particle that particle diameter is 0.1～10mm;
B, according to proportioning, raw material is mixed, water transfer is to culture material water content 60%, fermentation: mixture piles bottom width 1.2m, high 1.0m, the long bar shaped stockpile of not limitting, cover and carry out aerobic fermentation with straw, in material, temperature reaches more than 55 ℃, maintain fermentation and carry out turning for the first time after 48 hours, during turning in towards turning up, on turn over down; In stockpile, temperature surpasses more than 55 ℃ again, keeps fermentation after 42 hours, carries out turning for the second time; After turning, in stockpile, temperature surpasses more than 55 ℃ again for the second time, then keeps fermentation after 42 hours, carries out turning for the third time, then continues fermentation 48 hours again, obtains substratum;
C, inoculation: first spread the substratum that one deck 10cm is thick and then inoculate 1/3 bacterial classification in Box of foamed plastics, repave the substratum that 5cm is thick and then inoculate 1/3 bacterial classification, repave the substratum that 5cm is thick and then inoculate 1/3 bacterial classification, after having inoculated, add a cover foam cap, make incubator; Wherein, inoculum size is 15% of substratum quality;
D, a bacterium: the incubator of having inoculated is carried out to pile and send out bacterium, the bacteria developing period temperature is controlled at 22 ℃～25 ℃, and relative air humidity is in 60% left and right, and full dark condition issues bacterium, and hedgehog hydnum sends out 33 days bacterium time, and glossy ganoderma sends out 16 days bacterium time;
E, fruiting: after the Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. mycelia is covered with culture material, remove cotton, give scattered light, control temperature in 20～28 ℃ of fruiting scopes, keep atmospheric moisture 85～95%, carry out ventilation every day, hedgehog hydnum is from the punching fruiting; Ganoderma lucidum mycelium is opened lid after covering with culture material, then covers the evenly mixed wet soil of use 1% lime water that one deck 3～4cm is thick, maintains soil humidity in 30% left and right, give scattered light, control temperature in 20～28 ℃ of scopes, keep atmospheric moisture 85～95%, glossy ganoderma starts fruiting from overburden layer.
Embodiment 7
" the material feeding time " in table 1 refers to mycelia in the media surface field planting and starts the time of growing; " biology transformation efficiency " by: mushroom weight/culture material dry weight * 100% calculates; The proportioning raw materials of " tradition " is loquat branches and leaves 77%, wheat bran 20%, sucrose 1%, calcium superphosphate 0.5%, gypsum 0.5%, lime 1%, water transfer is to culture material water content 60% left and right, pack 18*38cm, 100 ℃ of sterilizings of normal pressure 12 hours, the cooling culture material that obtains, edible mushrooms adopts two inoculation method, and inoculum size is culture material 3%.
Wherein, two inoculation method refers to: the rope at bacterium bag two is untied, added the special-purpose collar of edible mushrooms after inoculation and seal with newspaper, bungee.
The operation steps that the tradition substratum is sent out bacterium and fruiting is: the bacterium rod connected is placed on to a dark bacterium in booth, controls temperature between 20～30 ℃.After mycelia is covered with bacterium rod culture material, remove newspaper, water spray, induce fruiting, mushroom grow to 7～8 layers ripe, while also launching spore, do not gathered.
Bacterium and the fruiting effect comparison of table 1 substratum of the present invention and traditional substratum cultivation Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. and glossy ganoderma
From above-mentioned experimental result, can find out, traditional substratum material feeding time is short, the purseful time is short than adopting for the substratum cultivation Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. that adopts the embodiment of the present invention to provide and glossy ganoderma, and the speed of sending out bacterium and fruiting is fast, and the biology transformation efficiency is suitable.
Adopt substratum provided by the invention than adopting traditional substratum cultivation Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. and glossy ganoderma to send out that bacterium speed is fast, cost is low, easy and simple to handle, the biology transformation efficiency is suitable.
Claims (8)
1. using and discard the substratum of loquat branch as matrix, its proportioning raw materials is: loquat branch 38%～68%, corn cob 0%～20%, vinasse 10～20%, oil cake 3～8%, wheat bran 8～15%, ammonium sulfate 0.5～1%, sucrose 0.5%～1%, unslaked lime 1%, gypsum 1%, zymophyte 1%.
According to claim 1 using discard the substratum of loquat branch as matrix, it is characterized in that: its proportioning raw materials is: loquat branch 48%, corn cob 15%, vinasse 15%, oil cake 5%, wheat bran 12%, ammonium sulfate 1%, sucrose 1%, unslaked lime 1%, gypsum 1%, zymophyte 1%.
Claim 1 or 2 described using discard the compound method of loquat branch as the substratum of matrix, it is characterized in that: described zymophyte is a kind of in Chinese medicine yeast, wide bacterium king starter, EM fermenting agent; Described zymophyte is preferably the Chinese medicine yeast.
Claim 1 or 2 described using discard the compound method of loquat branch as the substratum of cultivation Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. and Ganderma lucidum matrix, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
A, the loquat branch that goes mouldy discarded by drying, nothing are crushed to the particle that particle diameter is 0.1～10mm;
B, raw material is mixed according to proportioning, fermentation obtains substratum.
According to claim 4 using discard the compound method of loquat branch as the substratum of matrix, it is characterized in that: the described drying of step a, without going mouldy, by intact, it is 15～30% that the loquat branch do not infected by competitive miscellaneous bacteria is dried to water content.
According to claim 4 using discard the compound method of loquat branch as the substratum of matrix, it is characterized in that: the concrete operations of the described fermentation of step b are: by mixing raw material water transfer to water content, be 60～65%, pile bottom width 1.0～1.5m, high by 0.8～1.2, the long bar shaped stockpile of not limitting, cover and fermented with straw, in material, temperature reaches more than 55 ℃, maintain fermentation and carry out turning for the first time after 36～48 hours, during turning in towards turning up, on turn over down; In stockpile, temperature surpasses more than 55 ℃ again, keeps fermentation after 36～48 hours, carries out turning for the second time; After turning, in stockpile, temperature surpasses more than 55 ℃ again for the second time, then keeps fermentation after 36～48 hours, carries out turning for the third time, then continues fermentation 48 hours again, obtains culture material.
Claim 1 or 2 described using discard the method for loquat branch as the substratum of matrix cultivation Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. and Ganderma lucidum, comprise the following steps:
C, inoculation: first spread the substratum that one deck 10cm is thick and then inoculate 1/3 bacterial classification in Box of foamed plastics, repave the substratum that 5cm is thick and then inoculate 1/3 bacterial classification, repave the substratum that 5cm is thick and then inoculate 1/3 bacterial classification, after having inoculated, add a cover foam cap, make the cultivation case; Wherein, inoculum size is 15% of substratum quality;
D, a bacterium: the incubator of having inoculated is carried out to pile and send out bacterium, the bacteria developing period temperature is controlled at 22 ℃～25 ℃, and relative air humidity is 60～70%, and full dark condition issues bacterium, and sending out the bacterium time is 25～30 days;
E, fruiting: after hericium mycelium covers with culture material, remove cotton, give scattered light, control temperature in 20～28 ℃ of fruiting scopes, keep atmospheric moisture 85～95%, carry out ventilation every day, hedgehog hydnum is from the punching fruiting; Ganoderma lucidum mycelium is opened lid after covering with culture material, then covers the evenly mixed wet soil of use 1% lime water that one deck 3～4cm is thick, maintains soil humidity 28～32%, give scattered light, control temperature in 20～28 ℃ of scopes, keep atmospheric moisture 85～95%, glossy ganoderma starts fruiting from overburden layer.
8. according to claim 7ly using the method for loquat branch as the substratum of matrix cultivation Hericium erinaceus (Bull. Ex Fr.) Pers. and Ganderma lucidum of discarding, it is characterized in that: described bubble chamber, to the circular hole that diameter is 2cm be set in two long the spacing according to high 10cm, wide 10cm of bubble chamber, then by cotton on each stopple.
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