CN102835248A - Method for cultivating lucid ganoderma by using mulberry branches - Google Patents
Method for cultivating lucid ganoderma by using mulberry branches Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating lucid ganoderma by using mulberry branches. A formula for cultivating the lucid ganoderma by using the mulberry branches comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of mulberry branches, 1-10 parts of bran, 1-5 parts of rice bran, 1-5 parts of corn meal, 1-5 parts of bean cake meal, 1-5 parts of gypsum powder, 1-5 parts of lime powder, 0.1-1 part of calcium carbonate, 1-5 parts of sugar, 0.1-1 part of magnesium sulfate and 5-10 parts of miscellaneous fine sawdust. The method for cultivating the lucid ganoderma by using the mulberry branches has the advantages of adequate source of raw materials, simple technology, low cost and quick response. In addition, according to the method for cultivating the lucid ganoderma by using the mulberry branches, the contradiction between fungus and forest can be solved, and the forest log is substituted by the mulberry branches for cultivating the lucid ganoderma, so that the waste is changed into things of value, the economic benefit for production of silkworm is improved, and the method has a great significance to protection of forest resources.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ganoderma lucidum cultivation method.
Background technology
Glossy ganoderma is a kind of famous and precious Chinese medicine, and ancient medical book is early on the books.Glossy ganoderma is warm in nature, lightly seasoned, ability nourishing, brain tonic, anti-inflammatory, diuresis, beneficial stomach.It is to neurasthenia, dizzy insomnia, stomach trouble all has certain therapeutic action for many years.Mostly its artificial cultivation material is the forest log at present, and this is totally unfavorable to protecting forest resources.Ramulus mori is the accessory substance that silkworm and mulberry are produced, wide material sources, and enormous amount, major part is all discarded or is only made firewood at present, causes very big waste.
Compendium of Material Medica record " mulberry, the Shenmu County in east also ".Provide according to silkworm and mulberry research institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences data, mulberry branch contains crude protein 5.44, cellulose 51.88, and lignin 18.1, hemicellulose 23.02, ash content 1.57, C/N ratio is 86:1.Have the high characteristics of abundant nutrients, cellulose and hemicellulose level; Very suitable glossy ganoderma produces; When glossy ganoderma grows in the needed nutriment; Especially the effect of cellulose and hemicellulose is very big, and it can usually decompose and utilize this type material through self secreting corresponding enzyme.Modern medicine study shows; Mulberry branch contains the exclusive natural alkaloid DNT of a kind of Morus plant (1-DNJ); And contain flavones, Sang Su isoreactivity material, and utilize the mulberry branch cultivating ganoderma can obviously increase its nutrient component, have more certain nutrition and health-care effect.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to provide a kind of method of utilizing the mulberry branch cultivating ganoderma, not only have the effect of turning waste into wealth, improving silkworm and mulberry production economic benefit, and be significant protecting forest resources.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme taked of the present invention is:
A kind of method of utilizing the mulberry branch cultivating ganoderma is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Its cultivation Bag Material is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: mulberry branch 70-80, wheat bran 1-10, rice bran 1-5, corn flour 1-5, soybean cake powder 1-5, land plaster 1-5, pulverized limestone 1-5, calcium carbonate 0.1-1, sugared 1-5, magnesium sulfate 0.1-1, assorted thin wood chip 5-10;
(1) spice: drying is not had the mulberry branch of going mouldy be ground into mung bean grain size ramulus mori bits; Ramulus mori bits, wheat bran, rice bran, corn flour, soybean cake powder, land plaster, pulverized limestone, calcium carbonate, sugar, magnesium sulfate and assorted thin wood chip are mixed thoroughly by prescription; The limit adds the waterside and mixes; Fully mix thoroughly, water content is 50-55%;
(2) pack and sterilization: the composts or fertilisers of cultivating pack that will mix, tighten sack, be to sterilize 10-12 hour under 100 ℃ of normal pressures in temperature;
(3) take the dish out of the pot, cool off: kettle temperatures such as sterilization end back drop to 60-70 ℃ naturally and can take the dish out of the pot while hot pocket immigration cooling place; Handle with care in the process that takes the dish out of the pot, want shield or gunnysack in the handbarrow, prevent to puncture pocket;
(4) inoculation: adopt aerial fog disinfectant before the inoculation in inoculating hood, transfer room or the mosquito account formula inoculating hood; Carry out space disinfection; Both sides and utensil carry out surface sterilization with alcohol, when above-mentioned pocket is cooled to below 28 ℃, inoculate, during inoculation; The agility that is swift in motion, shorten as far as possible the bacterial classification hole in the space open-assembly time; The inoculation cleaning residue in time that finishes, every batch has connect the back and combines ventilation to search clearly, keeps the place to clean, and stops living contaminants, walks about less in indoor, the account;
(5) hair tube reason: the inoculation back was controlled at 26-28 ℃ in preceding 10 days, and room temperature is controlled at 22-24 ℃ after 20 days, need pay special attention to the heap temperature this moment, can reduce the heap layer, strengthened and ventilated, and mycelial growth removes bagging with ventilate to 10cm-15cm, quickens mycelial growth; After 40 days, room temperature is controlled at 20-22 ℃, often observes variations in temperature, mainly leans on the switch door and window to regulate, but piles temperature rise after must being careful the pass door and window, avoids burning bacterium, and the cave grand style of waiting to punch after the mycelia purseful goes out sesame;
(6) go out the sesame management: selecting has water source, high land to make the sesame canopy, when the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium purseful just can move into out Zhi Peng, takes off bag for sleeping in putting; Bag sequences the soil that covers 1-2cm on the back, keeps the interior humidity of canopy more than 90%, the just visible former stem of glossy ganoderma about 7 days; Ganoderma lucidum fruitbody is more water-fast; Direct spray form water, the growth of cap is to take turns to outgrowth along horizontal direction one, just can gather in ripe back; Gather behind the 1st tide, cut off the water 7 days, and then keep humidity more than 90%, just can go out the 2nd tide; By this management, can adopt 4 tides altogether.
Its cultivation Bag Material is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: mulberry branch 78, wheat bran 5, rice bran 3, corn flour 2, soybean cake powder 2, land plaster 1, pulverized limestone 1, calcium carbonate 0.5, sugar 1, magnesium sulfate 0.5, assorted thin wood chip 6.
Will mix in the time of the described spice of step (1) and be spherical, block will be broken into pieces, and humidity is with the hand-tight material of holding, watermark is arranged between webs and not following be degree.
Desinsection, sterilization will be carried out in the described cooling of step (3) place before taking the dish out of the pot, can adopt sulfur fumigation sterilization or 5% phenol or Peracetic acid, Lysol, bleaching powder to spray wall, space and ground.
The described method of utilizing the mulberry branch cultivating ganoderma; It is characterized in that; Described its cultivation also includes the raw material of following weight portion in Bag Material: paulownia sawdust 3-5, composite microbiological fertilizer 0.1-0.2, living bacteria count in the composite microbiological fertilizer >=0.2 hundred million/gram, zinc sulphate 0.02-0.03, ammonium molybdate 0.02-0.03, peat composed of rotten mosses 3-5; Be mixed with 2-3 parts by weight of Chinese traditional medicine component in the cultivation Bag Material raw material of per 100 weight portions, described traditional Chinese medicinal components is pulverized by the Chinese medicine of following weight ratio example and is mixed:
The 8-10 weight portion coptis, the 8-10 weight portion root of langdu, 8-10 weight portion pomegranate tree root, 8-10 weight portion frutus cnidii.
The present invention has following meaning:
1, Bag Material prescription of the present invention changes the unicity with the way to manage composts or fertilisers of cultivating, and polynary formula nutritional is comprehensive, has reached the complementation between the composts or fertilisers of cultivating; Growing of glossy ganoderma preferably produced glossy ganoderma with this prescription, during the mycelia purseful; Single on year-on-year basis prescription 7 days in advance; Go out 6 days in advance sesame time, mycelial growth shows dense sturdy, and glossy ganoderma lid pork is thick.
2, mulberry branch contains the exclusive natural alkaloid DNT of a kind of Morus plant (1-DNJ); And contain flavones, Sang Su isoreactivity material; Utilize the mulberry branch cultivating ganoderma can obviously increase its nutrient component, have more certain nutrition and health-care effect.
3, further; Increasing composite microbiological fertilizer, zinc sulphate, ammonium molybdate in the Bag Material prescription of the present invention can effectively replenish nutrient component in the Bag Material, can promote the glossy ganoderma growth, and makes that micronutrient levels improves in the glossy ganoderma; Increase its quality; Simultaneously, the peat composed of rotten mosses, paulownia sawdust make Bag Material itself have sterilizing function, keep wherein not having varied bacteria growing; Traditional Chinese medicine ingredients such as the coptis contain medicinal ingredients such as polysaccharide, make that useful component increases in the glossy ganoderma, and above-mentioned Chinese medicine all can sterilization simultaneously, helps the pure growing environment of glossy ganoderma, improves glossy ganoderma output and quality.
4, the mulberry branch cultivating ganoderma can solve bacterium woods contradiction.Glossy ganoderma is typical wood decay fungi, and cultivation needs a large amount of timber, and the policy of country is that forest is forbidden excessive and random lumbering, and this just causes very big contradiction with the development of glossy ganoderma.Mulberry branch is the accessory substance of sericulture, has not only solved bacterium woods contradiction with its cultivation, and has brought very big economic benefit for the silkworm raiser.Use the mulberry branch cultivating ganoderma, sufficient raw not only, and also technology is simple and easy, cost is low, instant effect.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is done further description:
Example 1:
Mulberry branch cultivating ganoderma Bag Material prescription is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: mulberry branch 78, wheat bran 5, rice bran 3, corn flour 2, soybean cake powder 2, land plaster 1, pulverized limestone 1, calcium carbonate 0.5, sugar 1, magnesium sulfate 0.5, assorted thin wood chip 6.
Utilize the technological process of mulberry branch cultivating ganoderma to may further comprise the steps successively:
(1) spice: drying is not had the mulberry branch of going mouldy be ground into mung bean grain size ramulus mori bits; Ramulus mori bits, wheat bran, rice bran, corn flour, soybean cake powder, land plaster, pulverized limestone, calcium carbonate, sugar, magnesium sulfate and assorted thin wood chip are mixed thoroughly by prescription; The limit adds the waterside mixes, and fully mixes thoroughly, and water content is 50;
(2) pack: take Different Ways of Planting to adopt different size bacterium bag according to peasant household, generally adopt 15cm * 55 cm * 0.0045 cm bacterium bag.Machine divides in the pack, tightens sack.Reasonable arrangement personnel carry out continuous productive process during pack.Per 6 people are 1 group, shovel and expect the machine of going up, each 1 people of pack, and 4 people prick sack, and the time interval that finishes of extremely feeding behind the spice does not surpass 4 hours, accomplish spice pack on same day sterilization on the same day, avoid to pile up and spend the night.That packing consolidation, a material and a bag wall tight, fungi-proofing bag draw is thin, wear and tear, puncture, and accomplishes to handle with care;
(3) sterilization: interior " well " font of steamer or a heap bottle formula stack 1500 bags and are advisable, and surpassing 1500 bags of sterilization times should extend.Normal-pressure sterilization begins to use very hot oven, makes temperature in 4 hours, rise to 100 ℃ rapidly, as grows to the gas overlong time, is prone to cause composts or fertilisers of cultivating to become sour.In whole sterilizing kitchen, all be full of steam, the bottom has steam to overflow, and when the inner space reaches 100 ℃, keeps temperature 12 hours, and the interior temperature of pocket this moment can reach about 95 ℃.Whole sterilization process interrupts, and adds cold water when adding hot water during lack of water in the pot, avoiding.Sterilization back natural step-down (temperature);
(4) take the dish out of the pot, cool off: carry out desinsection, sterilization to stacking the cooling place in advance, adopt sulfur fumigation sterilization or 5 phenol or Peracetic acid, Lysol, bleaching powder to spray wall, space and ground.Waiting kettle temperature to drop to 60 ℃ naturally after sterilization finishes can take the dish out of the pot pocket immigration cooling place while hot.If being higher than 80 ℃ of easy pockets that take place that take the dish out of the pot bursts.Requirement takes the dish out of the pot and handles with care in the process, and shield or gunnysack prevent to puncture pocket in the handbarrow;
(5) inoculation: adopt formaldehyde or aerial fog disinfectant before the inoculation in inoculating hood, transfer room or the mosquito account formula inoculating hood, carry out space disinfection, both sides and utensil carry out surface sterilization with 75 alcohol.Pocket is cooled to below 28 ℃, according to different vaccination ways, takes different combinations.Inoculating hood is inoculated two people combination.Transfer room or mosquito account formula inoculating hood (plastic film is processed) adopt one group of 4 people, pass pocket, punch, insert bacterial classification, each 1 people's flowing water operation of bagging.Every bag connects 4 caves, and hole diameter 2cm suitably increases inoculum concentration, and the monoblock bacterial classification inserts and slightly exceeds the cave face, generally adopts the bagging method to seal.Bagging can be inserted in after inoculation, also can when taking the dish out of the pot, take the dish out of the pot while overlapping.During inoculation, the agility that is swift in motion, shorten as far as possible the bacterial classification hole in the space open-assembly time.The inoculation cleaning residue in time that finishes, every batch has connect the back and combines ventilation to search clearly, keeps the place to clean, and stops living contaminants.Walk about less in indoor, the account;
(6) hair tube reason:
Germination period: inoculate in back 15 days, indoor temperature 10 days is controlled at 26 ℃, makes that bacterium is linear accelerates field planting and spread in environmental optima, captures composts or fertilisers of cultivating, reduces living contaminants.Grow with mycelial growth after 10 days, temperature rises gradually in the bag, so room temperature should be adjusted to 24 ℃;
Vegetative period: in the strongest stage of mycelia decomposition and absorption nutritional capacity after 20 days, mycelia is vigorous, healthy and strong, and metabolism is accelerated, and the bag temperature continues to raise, and room temperature is controlled at about 22 ℃.Need pay special attention to the heap temperature this moment, can reduce the heap layer, strengthen and ventilate.Mycelial growth 10-15cm removes bagging with ventilate, quickens mycelial growth;
Maturing stage: after 40 days, the mycelia entering physiological ripening stage promptly carries out the transition to reproductive growth by nourishing and growing, and the material temperature descends gradually; Generally about 20 ℃, often observe variations in temperature, mainly lean on the switch door and window to regulate; But pile temperature rise after must being careful the pass door and window, avoid burning bacterium.The cave grand style of waiting to punch after the mycelia purseful goes out sesame;
(7) go out the sesame management: selecting has water source, high land to make the sesame canopy.Going out the sesame canopy, general to use wide be 6 meters steel pipe manufacturing, longly do not limit.It is 85 black sunshade net that ceiling covers white plastic sheeting for farm use and one deck shading rate.Drainage trenching around the canopy.When the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium purseful just can move into out Zhi Peng, take off bag for sleeping in putting, by 3 centimetres of dischargings of wide 1.3 meter, bag distances of every furrow, be 80cm in the middle of the furrow spacing, canopy limit spacing 25cm discharging, 6 meters wide canopies discharge 3 furrow.Bag sequences the soil that covers 2cm on the back, keeps this moment the interior humidity of canopy more than 90, just visible glossy ganoderma original hase about 7 days.Ganoderma lucidum fruitbody is more water-fast, directly spray form water.The growth of cap is to take turns to outgrowth along horizontal direction one, after white point disappears, just can gather.Gather behind the 1st tide, cut off the water 7 days, and then keep humidity more than 90, just can go out the 2nd tide.By this management, can adopt 4 tides altogether.
Example 2:
When preparation cultivation of glossy ganoderma Bag Material spice, increase the raw material of following weight portion: paulownia sawdust 4, composite microbiological fertilizer 0.1, living bacteria count in the composite microbiological fertilizer >=0.2 hundred million/gram, zinc sulphate 0.023, ammonium molybdate 0.02, the peat composed of rotten mosses 4; And mix, in the cultivation Bag Material raw material of per 100 weight portions that prepare, being mixed with 3 parts by weight of Chinese traditional medicine components more simultaneously, these traditional Chinese medicinal components are pulverized by the Chinese medicine of following weight ratio example and are mixed:
The 8-10 weight portion coptis, the 8-10 weight portion root of langdu, 8-10 weight portion pomegranate tree root, 8-10 weight portion frutus cnidii.
Poach again after spice finishes, all the other are with example 1.
Claims (5)
1. a method of utilizing the mulberry branch cultivating ganoderma is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Its cultivation Bag Material is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: mulberry branch 70-80, wheat bran 1-10, rice bran 1-5, corn flour 1-5, soybean cake powder 1-5, land plaster 1-5, pulverized limestone 1-5, calcium carbonate 0.1-1, sugared 1-5, magnesium sulfate 0.1-1, assorted thin wood chip 5-10;
(1) spice: drying is not had the mulberry branch that goes mouldy be ground into mung bean grain size ramulus mori bits; Ramulus mori bits, wheat bran, rice bran, corn flour, soybean cake powder, land plaster, pulverized limestone, calcium carbonate, sugar, magnesium sulfate and assorted thin wood chip are mixed thoroughly by prescription; The limit adds the waterside and mixes; Fully mix thoroughly, water content is 50-55%;
(2) pack and sterilization: the composts or fertilisers of cultivating pack that will mix, tighten sack, be to sterilize 10-12 hour under 100 ℃ of normal pressures in temperature;
(3) take the dish out of the pot, cool off: kettle temperatures such as sterilization end back drop to 60-70 ℃ naturally and can take the dish out of the pot while hot pocket immigration cooling place; Handle with care in the process that takes the dish out of the pot, want shield or gunnysack in the handbarrow, prevent to puncture pocket;
(4) inoculation: adopt aerial fog disinfectant before the inoculation in inoculating hood, transfer room or the mosquito account formula inoculating hood; Carry out space disinfection; Both sides and utensil carry out surface sterilization with alcohol, when above-mentioned pocket is cooled to below 28 ℃, inoculate, during inoculation; The agility that is swift in motion, shorten as far as possible the bacterial classification hole in the space open-assembly time; The inoculation cleaning residue in time that finishes, every batch has connect the back and combines ventilation to search clearly, keeps the place to clean, and stops living contaminants, walks about less in indoor, the account;
(5) hair tube reason: the inoculation back was controlled at 26-28 ℃ in preceding 10 days, and room temperature is controlled at 22-24 ℃ after 20 days, need pay special attention to the heap temperature this moment, can reduce the heap layer, strengthened and ventilated, and mycelial growth removes bagging with ventilate to 10cm-15cm, quickens mycelial growth; After 40 days, room temperature is controlled at 20-22 ℃, often observes variations in temperature, mainly leans on the switch door and window to regulate, but piles temperature rise after must being careful the pass door and window, avoids burning bacterium, and the cave grand style of waiting to punch after the mycelia purseful goes out sesame;
(6) go out the sesame management: selecting has water source, high land to make the sesame canopy, when the Ganoderma lucidum mycelium purseful just can move into out Zhi Peng, takes off bag for sleeping in putting; Bag sequences the soil that covers 1-2cm on the back, keeps the interior humidity of canopy more than 90%, just visible glossy ganoderma original hase about 7 days; Ganoderma lucidum fruitbody is more water-fast; Direct spray form water, the growth of cap is to take turns to outgrowth along horizontal direction one, just can gather in ripe back; Gather behind the 1st tide, cut off the water 7 days, and then keep humidity more than 90%, just can go out the 2nd tide; By this management, can adopt 4 tides altogether.
2. the method for utilizing the mulberry branch cultivating ganoderma according to claim 1; It is characterized in that its cultivation Bag Material is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: mulberry branch 78, wheat bran 5, rice bran 3, corn flour 2, soybean cake powder 2, land plaster 1, pulverized limestone 1, calcium carbonate 0.5, sugar 1, magnesium sulfate 0.5, assorted thin wood chip 6.
3. the method for utilizing the mulberry branch cultivating ganoderma according to claim 1 is characterized in that, will mix in the time of the described spice of step (1) to be spherical, and block will be broken into pieces, and humidity is with the hand-tight material of holding, watermark is arranged between webs and not following be degree.
4. the method for utilizing the mulberry branch cultivating ganoderma according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Desinsection, sterilization will be carried out in the described cooling of step (3) place before taking the dish out of the pot, can adopt sulfur fumigation sterilization or 5% phenol or Peracetic acid, Lysol, bleaching powder to spray wall, space and ground.
5. the method for utilizing the mulberry branch cultivating ganoderma according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Described its cultivation also includes the raw material of following weight portion in Bag Material: paulownia sawdust 3-5, composite microbiological fertilizer 0.1-0.2, living bacteria count in the composite microbiological fertilizer >=0.2 hundred million/gram, zinc sulphate 0.02-0.03, ammonium molybdate 0.02-0.03, peat composed of rotten mosses 3-5; Be mixed with 2-3 parts by weight of Chinese traditional medicine component in the cultivation Bag Material raw material of per 100 weight portions, described traditional Chinese medicinal components is pulverized by the Chinese medicine of following weight ratio example and is mixed:
The 8-10 weight portion coptis, the 8-10 weight portion root of langdu, 8-10 weight portion pomegranate tree root, 8-10 weight portion frutus cnidii.
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