CN103570447A - Process technology for producing seedling-growing medium by using tobacco wastes - Google Patents
Process technology for producing seedling-growing medium by using tobacco wastes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a process technology for producing a seedling-growing medium by using tobacco wastes; the process technology comprises the following steps: collecting and crushing the tobacco wastes, separating under high temperature and high pressure, fermenting, fumigating, and disinfecting, so as to obtain a thoroughly decomposed material; uniformly mixing a thoroughly decomposed material, perlite and vermiculite according to a mass ratio of (60-70):(10-30):(10-30), so as to obtain the seedling-growing medium; as turf is replaced by the tobacco waste thoroughly decomposed material, and the perlite and the vermiculite are added according to a certain ratio, the seedling-growing medium provides an excellent nutrition resource, the production cost is reduced, and the deficiency of the non-renewable resource, namely the turf is reduced, the comprehensive utilization of the resource is realized, and the development of the local recycling economy is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tobacco waste processing technology field, be specifically related to utilize tobacco waste to produce the Technology of seedling medium.
Background technology
Chemistry traditional agriculture is faced with the problems such as environmental pollution, ecological damage, resource exhaustion.Therefore, by developing a circular economy, explore a kind of high-quality, the novel agricultural mode of production efficient, capable of circulation, form the production model of " resource → agricultural-food → renewable resource → agricultural-food ", become the vital task of modern agricultural development.
Tobacco is one of leading industry of China's rural economy, and national tobacco planting area reaches more than 1,500 ten thousand mu.Tobacco growing needs a large amount of potassium, phosphoric, all needs every year to supplement potassium, phosphor resource in soil.And in the tobacco wastes such as footing leaf, offal, fireworks, cigarette wooden fork and part top, contain the nutritive elements such as the potassium that is easy in a large number to absorb, phosphorus.So it is the important channel of realizing tobacco sustainable development that tobacco waste is processed.
Owing to containing nicotine etc. in tobacco leaf and be unfavorable for the composition of microorganism growth, so traditional HM decomposing agent can not well become thoroughly decomposed to tobacco leaf, in prior art, general treatment process is field emergency burial, easily causes viral superinfection.Some place is to build treating pond, waste resource.Owing to carrying a large amount of virus, germ and worm's ovum in tobacco waste.If harmless treatment is not thorough, these pathogenic bacterias will be taken back to soil, pollute.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the above-mentioned technical problem providing in prior art, the Technology of utilizing tobacco waste to produce seedling medium is provided.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
The Technology of utilizing tobacco waste to produce seedling medium of the present invention, concrete steps are as follows: tobacco waste obtains the material that becomes thoroughly decomposed after collection, pulverizing, High Temperature High Pressure separating treatment, fermentation, fumigation step, the material that becomes thoroughly decomposed, perlite and vermiculite be take to the ratio that mass ratio is 60-70:10-30:10-30 and mix and obtain seedling medium;
The concrete technology of described fermentation step is: by tobacco waste, nutrition source material and auxiliary material are that the ratio of 70-75:10-20:10-20 is mixed in mass ratio, regulate moisture to 50-60%, add the AT fermentation base of 0.5-1 ‰ fermented product total amount, above-mentioned fermentation materials is sent in fermenter, maintain 60 ~ 75 ℃ of fermentations 7 ~ 10 days, stir turning every day and as temperature drops to 45 ℃, just stir below turning 1 time (do not decline and also will stir turning on time) later for middle low temperature (45-55 ℃) ferments 2 times, 5-10 days fermentation ends, fermentation materials is dried, be packaged to be finished product.
Fermenter described in the present invention can adopt normal fermentation groove of the prior art, and preferably adopting the patent No. is 200620030881.2, and denomination of invention is the disclosed technical scheme of closed aerating fecal treatment apparatus, and this technology can prevent secondary pollution.
Bacterial classification formula and the mass percent thereof of described AT (obsolete tabacum) fermentation base are as follows: bacillus natto 5-50%, penicillium oxalicum (Penicillium oxalicun) HB09-4(Classification And Nomenclature: penicillium oxalicum, Latin name: Penicillium oxalicun, depositary institution: China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, depositary institution is called for short: CGMCC, depositary institution address: No. 3, Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City, preservation date: on July 17th, 2012, deposit number: 6321) 5-50%, bacillus megaterium 5-50%, heat common streptomycete (Streptomyces thermovulgaris) HD12-4 (Classification And Nomenclature: hot common streptomycete, Latin name: Streptomyces thermovulgaris, depositary institution: China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, depositary institution is called for short: CGMCC, depositary institution address: No. 3, Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City, preservation date: on July 17th, 2012, deposit number: 6322) 10-70%.
AT for the treatment of tobacco waste fermentation base of the present invention, screening formulation is as follows: bacillus natto 10-30%, penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 20-40%, bacillus megaterium 10-30%, hot common streptomycete HD12-4 20-40%.
When described tobacco waste is inapplicable tobacco leaf, in described High Temperature High Pressure separating treatment technique, separating tank pressure is 0.5-0.6MPa, and temperature is 158-164 ℃, and the time length is in 1 minute.
When described tobacco waste is tobacco rod, in described High Temperature High Pressure separating treatment technique, separating tank pressure is 1.9-2.0MPa, and temperature is 211-213 ℃, continues 1-2 minute.
Described nutrition source is chicken manure or rapeseed meal or both mixtures.
Described auxiliary material is Semen Maydis powder or wheat bran or both mixtures.
The preparation technology of the fermentation of the AT for the treatment of tobacco waste base of the present invention, comprises the steps:
(1) triangular flask liquid culture: fill 200ml meat soup liquid nutrient medium in 500ml triangular flask, access respectively bacillus megaterium and bacillus natto in 2 ring slant tubes after sterilizing, 32 degree shaking tables are cultivated 15 hours, carry out tank body and expand numerous; In 500ml triangular flask, fill 200mlPDA liquid nutrient medium, access respectively bacillus natto and penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 in 2 ring slant tubes after sterilizing, 25-30 degree shaking table is cultivated 17-18 hour, carries out tank body and expands numerous; In 500ml triangular flask, fill 200ml Gause I liquid nutrient medium, access respectively the common streptomycete HD12-4 of heat in 2 ring slant tubes after sterilizing, 50-55 degree shaking table is cultivated 17-18 hour, carries out tank body and expands numerous;
(2) solid culture: will adsorb in bacillus megaterium and the sterilized solid carrier wheat bran 100% of bacillus natto tank body liquid inoculation, the ratio of liquid and solid is 1:2.4, then dries; Bacillus natto and the decomposition of penicillium oxalicum tank body nutrient solution are inoculated into solid medium dregs of beans: 13%, Semen Maydis powder: 10%, wheat bran: 60%, fine flour: in 12%, inoculum size is 7.5%, after fully stirring evenly, is placed in the pallet of lower curtate Reticular breathable, cultivates 3 days under the condition of 30 degree; The common streptomycete tank body of heat nutrient solution is decomposed and is inoculated into solid medium dregs of beans: 15%, Semen Maydis powder: 35%, wheat bran: 45%, sawdust: in 5%, inoculum size is 7.5%, after fully stirring evenly, be placed in sterilized aluminum bucket, it is to increase Air permenbility that there is aperture at the bucket end, cultivates 2 days under the condition of 50-55 degree;
(3) composite: above cultured solid fungicide to be dried or dry aseptic ventilation, according to bacillus natto 5-50, penicillium oxalicum 5-50, bacillus megaterium 5-50, heat common streptomycete 10-70 ratio mix, the bacterial content of solid fermentation substrate be 4-6 hundred million/gram.
The penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 the present invention relates to carries out preservation in July, 2012 17 China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms common micro-organisms center, Classification And Nomenclature: penicillium oxalicum, Latin name: Penicillium oxalicun, depositary institution: China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, depositary institution is called for short: CGMCC, depositary institution address: No. 3, Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City, preservation date: on July 17th, 2012, deposit number: 6321.
Colonial morphology and microscopic features are as follows:
Bacterial classification is grown comparatively fast on malt extract medium, lower 4 days of 25 ℃ of dark conditions, and colony diameter 19-21mm, quality is velvet-like, grayish green, sprawls, and conidial fructification forms in a large number; The bacterium colony back side is light brown, without water colo(u)r.
Conidiophore is tall and big, and wall is smooth, and penicillus 2 is verticillate, arrange closely, and bottle stalk column, neck is short, 8.2-13.6*2.5-3.5 m; Conidium is oval, light green, and wall is smooth, 3.5-6.9*2.0-3.3 m.There are no condition, produce robe structure.
The common streptomycete HD12-4 of heat the present invention relates to carries out preservation in July, 2012 17 China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms common micro-organisms center, Classification And Nomenclature: hot common streptomycete, Latin name: Streptomyces thermovulgaris, depositary institution: China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, depositary institution is called for short: CGMCC, depositary institution address: No. 3, Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City, preservation date: on July 17th, 2012, deposit number: 6322.
Form and physicochemical characteristics are as follows:
(1) cultural characteristic
| Cultural characteristic | Aerial hyphae | Substrate mycelium | Soluble pigment |
| Czapek's solution | Beige | Shallow drabon look | Nothing |
| Glucose asparagine substratum | White | Milky white | Nothing |
| Glycerine asparagine substratum | White | Milky white | Nothing |
| Inorganic salt starch culture-medium | Beige | Drabon look | Nothing |
| ISP-2 substratum | Seldom | Shallow khaki color | Nothing |
| Oatmeal substratum | Seldom | Milky white | Nothing |
| Gause I substratum | White | Milky white | Nothing |
| Mulberry Ta Shi substratum | Seldom | Khaki color | Nothing |
(2) microscopic features: fibrillae of spores is straight, flexible, hook-shaped, volution, flexible are straight.Spore is oval.
(3) physiological and biochemical property:
The bacillus natto the present invention relates to is that bacillus natto is purchased from Institute of Microorganism, Academia Sinica; The bacillus megaterium the present invention relates to is that bacillus megaterium is purchased from Institute of Microorganism, Academia Sinica.
AT fermentation base of the present invention can overcome the impact of nicotine in tobacco waste, realization is rapidly heated and becomes thoroughly decomposed, in digest process, produce the above high temperature of 60 degree, and continue more than one week, can effectively kill pathogenic bacteria, worm's ovum, weed seed etc., by high-temperature high-pressure separator, processing is that high temperature becomes thoroughly decomposed and makes the macromolecular substance in tobacco waste be converted into rapidly the small-molecule substance that can be absorbed and used, as small molecular sugar, amino acid etc.Can play and reduce the soil weight, promotion formation soil aggregate, culture fertility, raising soil microbial activities; Because nicotine has stronger killing effect to disease and pest in soil, can effectively prevent that soil-borne disease from the effects such as tobacco vegetables and fruits quality occurring, improving.
In tobacco waste after high temperature becomes thoroughly decomposed, do not contained pathogenic bacteria, and contained nutritive ingredient in the tobacco rod becoming thoroughly decomposed, tobacco leaf seedling-raising is required just, as the matrix of growing seedlings, is best selection.Material after above-mentioned fermentation, can be used as the substitute of levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance, and good nutrition source is provided for growing seedlings.
The tobacco waste thing that becomes thoroughly decomposed replaces the peat composed of rotten mosses, add a certain proportion of perlite, vermiculite is made tobacco seedling medium, good nutrition source is provided for growing seedlings, reduced production cost, solved again the scarcity of peat composed of rotten mosses Nonrenewable resources, realize the comprehensive utilization of resource, promoted the development of local recycling economy.
Below by seedling growth test, further illustrate beneficial effect of the present invention.
Test group I: the seedling medium in booth, the embodiment of the present invention 1 being obtained builds up seedbed, in March, 2011 sowing, test plant is cotton, the non-soil culture carrying out management, regularly waters and executes nutritive medium and promoter (liquid).After one month, investigate its growth indexes (two leaf stage) and transplant about 0 day in Table Isosorbide-5-Nitrae, transplant and within latter 10 days, investigate its index of correlation (in Table 2).
Test group II: the seedling medium in booth, the embodiment of the present invention 4 being obtained builds up seedbed, management process is with test group I.
Test group III: the seedling medium in booth, the embodiment of the present invention 6 being obtained builds up seedbed, management process is with test group I.
Control group: get soil in booth and be designed to control group as seedbed, management process is with test group I.
Table 1 matrix of the present invention is educated the cotton seedling index of cotton seedling two leaf stage
| Project | Plant height (cm) | True leaf number (sheet/strain) | Stem thick (cm) | Root fresh weight (g/ strain) | Fresh weight (g/ strain) |
| Test group I | 3.1 | 2.3 | 0.21 | 0.36 | 1.70 |
| Test group II | 3.2 | 2.2 | 0.23 | 0.37 | 1.68 |
| Test group III | 3.2 | 2.2 | 0.22 | 0.38 | 1.69 |
| Control group | 3.1 | 2.0 | 0.19 | 0.30 | 1.43 |
Table 2 matrix of the present invention is educated cotton seedling growing state comparison after cotton transplantation of seedlings
| Project | Plant height | Main root long (cm) | Length is greater than the lateral root number (bar/strain) of 0.5cm | Newborn white root (bar/strain) | Complete stool fresh weight | Transplanting survival rate (%) |
| Test group I | 3.2 | 8.2 | 30.8 | 20.6 | 1.98 | 96.3 |
| Test group II | 3.2 | 8.1 | 32.1 | 19.8 | 1.88 | 94.6 |
| Test group III | 3.3 | 8.3 | 33.2 | 22.4 | 1.96 | 95.3 |
| Control group | 3.1 | 6.5 | 10.8 | 6.9 | 1.32 | 80.6 |
As can be seen from the above table, the inventive method makes to obtain substrate seedling, and cotton seedling growing state is obviously better than soil matrix.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the tripping device used in the present invention.
Embodiment
High Temperature High Pressure separating treatment in the present invention refers to tripping device carries out separating treatment, and described tripping device as shown in Figure 1, comprises high-duty boiler 1 and separating tank 4,6.16 meters of separating tank height, 1 meter of diameter.On described separating tank 4 tank body tops, be provided with the high pressure steam access mouth of pipe 3, the high pressure steam access mouth of pipe 3 is connected with high-duty boiler 1, at separating tank tank body top, be provided with charging bole 2, tank base is provided with discharge port 6, in tank base tank body, be provided with inverted cone pipe 5, cone pipe 5 tops and tank body are connected as a single entity, and bottom connects discharge port, and cone pipe is peripheral forms cavity structure with tank body.On tank body, be provided with pressure warning unit 7 and thermometer 8, can observe at any time tank internal pressure and temperature.
In order to facilitate the scene of high-duty boiler to install, the high pressure steam access mouth of pipe of described separating tank has three, and adjacent two high pressure steam access tube plane center of circle angles are 120 degree.
Its principle of work is as follows:
Tobacco waste, after collecting, pulverizing, is transported to separating tank charging bole with lift, arrives separating tank inner, according to the difference of tobacco waste, adjust operating pressure and temperature.Take that to process discarded cigarette stalk be example, the material temperature in container is raised to 210 ℃ of left and right, vapor pressure reaches 1.9Mpa left and right, continues within 1-2 minute, then to open discharge port, at short notice, under high temperature, high pressure, the xylogen in cigarette stalk, Mierocrystalline cellulose is separated.Because its action time is short, energy density is high and concentrated, and steam molecule can be penetrated between the macromole such as Mierocrystalline cellulose and xylogen, destroys plant tissue internal structure, thereby completes the separated of the tissues such as xylogen, Mierocrystalline cellulose and hemicellulose.
(1) collect, pulverize: inapplicable tobacco leaf, mostly with pathogenic bacteria and worm's ovum, first carries out closed collection by inapplicable tobacco leaf, reduce the pollution of disease and pest to vega, adopt pulverizer to pulverize.
(2) High Temperature High Pressure separating treatment: by inapplicable tobacco leaf after collecting, pulverizing, with lift, be transported to separating tank charging bole, arrival separating tank is inner, material temperature in container is raised to 158-164 ℃, vapor pressure reaches 0.5-0.6Mpa, opens rapidly discharge port and complete the high temperature mattress that goes out after 1 minute.
(3) fermentation step, the ratio that is 70:10:20 in mass ratio by inapplicable tobacco leaf, nutrition source material and auxiliary material through separated is mixed, regulate moisture to 50-60%, add the AT fermentation base of 0.5-1 ‰ fermented product total amount, above-mentioned fermentation materials is sent in fermenter, maintain 60 ~ 75 ℃ of fermentations 7 ~ 10 days, stir turning every day and as temperature drops to 45 ℃, just stir below turning 1 time (do not decline and also will stir turning on time) later for middle low temperature (45-55 ℃) ferments, 5-10 days fermentation ends 2 times.
(4) fumigation: if it is separated with uncontamination workshop will not pollute workshop, increase anti-secondary pollution facility.The material that fermentation is completed (moisture 40%) is transported into enclosed stifling workshop, utilize the fumigant such as trichloronitromethane, Methyl disulfide, stifling 2-3 days, with spraying after dioxide peroxide dilution, can kill the nematode and soil fungi and the Micobial Disease that colonize on material, weed a garden, control subterranean pest-insect etc., spacious gas is about 10 days.
(5) material that becomes thoroughly decomposed, perlite or vermiculite being take to the ratio that mass ratio is 60-70:10-30:10-30 mixes and obtains seedling medium.
Described nutrition source is chicken manure.
Described auxiliary material is Semen Maydis powder.
Bacterial classification formula and the mass percent thereof of described AT fermentation base are as follows: bacillus natto 20%, penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 30%, bacillus megaterium 20%, hot common streptomycete HD12-4 30%.
Its preparation technology is as follows:
(a) triangular flask liquid culture
In 500ml triangular flask, fill 200ml meat soup liquid nutrient medium, access respectively the bacillus megaterium in 2 ring slant tubes after sterilizing, 32 degree shaking tables are cultivated 15 hours, carry out tank body and expand numerous.
In 500ml triangular flask, fill 200mlPDA liquid nutrient medium, access respectively bacillus natto and penicillium oxalicum in 2 ring slant tubes after sterilizing, 25-30 degree shaking table is cultivated 17-18 hour, carries out tank body and expands numerous.
In 500ml triangular flask, fill 200ml Gause I liquid nutrient medium, access respectively the common streptomycete of heat in 2 ring slant tubes after sterilizing, 50-55 degree shaking table is cultivated 17-18 hour, carries out tank body and expands numerous.
(b) solid culture
To in bacillus megaterium and the sterilized solid carrier wheat bran 100% of bacillus natto tank body liquid inoculation, adsorb, the ratio of liquid and solid is 1:2.4, then dries.
Bacillus natto and the decomposition of penicillium oxalicum tank body nutrient solution are inoculated into solid medium dregs of beans: 13%, Semen Maydis powder: 10%, wheat bran: 60%, fine flour: in 12%, inoculum size is 7.5%, after fully stirring evenly, is placed in the pallet of lower curtate Reticular breathable, cultivates 3 days under the condition of 30 degree.
The common streptomycete tank body of heat nutrient solution is decomposed and is inoculated into solid medium dregs of beans: 15%, Semen Maydis powder: 35%, wheat bran: 45%, sawdust: in 5%, inoculum size is 7.5%, after fully stirring evenly, be placed in sterilized aluminum bucket, it is to increase Air permenbility that there is aperture at the bucket end, cultivates 2 days under the condition of 50-55 degree;
(c) composite: above cultured solid fungicide to be dried or dry aseptic ventilation, mass ratio is according to bacillus natto 20%, penicillium oxalicum HB09-430%, bacillus megaterium 20%, heat common streptomycete HD12-430% ratio mix, the bacterial content of solid fermentation substrate be 4-6 hundred million/gram.
(1) collect, pulverize: inapplicable tobacco leaf, mostly with pathogenic bacteria and worm's ovum, first carries out closed collection by inapplicable tobacco leaf, reduce the pollution of disease and pest to vega, adopt pulverizer to pulverize.
(2) High Temperature High Pressure separating treatment: by inapplicable tobacco leaf after collecting, pulverizing, with lift, be transported to separating tank charging bole, arrive separating tank inner, the material temperature in container is raised to 158 ℃, vapor pressure reaches 0.6 left and right, within 50 seconds, opens rapidly afterwards discharge port and completes the high temperature mattress that goes out.
(3) fermentation step, the ratio that is 70:20:10 in mass ratio by inapplicable tobacco leaf, nutrition source material and auxiliary material through separated is mixed, regulate moisture to 60%, add the AT fermentation base of 1 ‰ fermented product total amounts, above-mentioned fermentation materials is sent in fermenter, maintain 75 ℃ of fermentations 7 days, stir turning every day and as temperature drops to 45 ℃, just stir below turning 1 time (do not decline and also will stir turning on time) later for middle low temperature (55 ℃) ferments, 5 days fermentation ends 2 times.
(4) fumigation: if it is separated with uncontamination workshop will not pollute workshop, increase anti-secondary pollution facility.The material that fermentation is completed (moisture 40%) is transported into enclosed stifling workshop, utilize the fumigant such as trichloronitromethane, Methyl disulfide, stifling 2-3 days, with spraying after dioxide peroxide dilution, can kill the nematode and soil fungi and the Micobial Disease that colonize on material, weed a garden, control subterranean pest-insect etc., 10 days left sides of spacious gas
(5) by become thoroughly decomposed material and, perlite or vermiculite take the ratio that mass ratio is 60:10:30 and mix and obtain seedling medium.
Described nutrition source is rapeseed meal.
Described auxiliary material is wheat bran.
Bacterial classification formula and the mass percent thereof of described AT fermentation base are as follows: bacillus natto 20%, penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 20%, bacillus megaterium 20%, hot common streptomycete HD12-4 40%.
Its preparation technology is with embodiment 1.
(1) collect, pulverize: inapplicable tobacco leaf, mostly with pathogenic bacteria and worm's ovum, first carries out closed collection by inapplicable tobacco leaf, reduce the pollution of disease and pest to vega, adopt pulverizer to pulverize.
(2) High Temperature High Pressure separating treatment: by inapplicable tobacco leaf after collecting, pulverizing, with lift, be transported to separating tank charging bole, arrive separating tank inner, the material temperature in container is raised to 158 ℃, vapor pressure reaches 0.5Mpa, within 30 seconds, opens rapidly afterwards discharge port and completes the high temperature mattress that goes out.
(3) fermentation step, the ratio that is 75:15:10 in mass ratio by inapplicable tobacco leaf, nutrition source material and auxiliary material through separated is mixed, regulate moisture to 500%, add the AT fermentation base of 0.5 ‰ fermented product total amounts, above-mentioned fermentation materials is sent in fermenter, maintain 60 ℃ of fermentations 10 days, stir turning every day and as temperature drops to 45 ℃, just stir below turning 1 time (do not decline and also will stir turning on time) later for middle low temperature (55 ℃) ferments, 10 days fermentation ends 2 times.
(4) fumigation: if it is separated with uncontamination workshop will not pollute workshop, increase anti-secondary pollution facility.The material that fermentation is completed (moisture 40%) is transported into enclosed stifling workshop, utilize the fumigant such as trichloronitromethane, Methyl disulfide, stifling 2-3 days, with spraying after dioxide peroxide dilution, can kill the nematode and soil fungi and the Micobial Disease that colonize on material, weed a garden, control subterranean pest-insect etc., spacious gas is about 10 days.
(5) material that becomes thoroughly decomposed, perlite or vermiculite being take to the ratio that mass ratio is 65:15:20 mixes and obtains seedling medium.
Described nutrition source is chicken manure.
Described auxiliary material is Semen Maydis powder.
Bacterial classification formula and the mass percent thereof of described AT fermentation base are as follows: bacillus natto 20%, penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 30%, bacillus megaterium 20%, hot common streptomycete HD12-4 30%.
(1) collect, pulverize: the weave construction of tobacco rod is special, xylogen, content of cellulose are higher, directly become thoroughly decomposed more difficult; In addition discarded cigarette stalk, mostly with pathogenic bacteria and worm's ovum, first will be discarded tobacco rod and carry out closed collection, reduce the pollution of disease and pest to vega.Adopt pulverizer first tobacco rod to be ground into 2-3 centimetre of segment.
(2) High Temperature High Pressure separating treatment: by tobacco rod after collecting, pulverizing, with lift, be transported to separating tank charging bole, arrival separating tank is inner, material temperature in container is raised to 211-213 ℃, vapor pressure reaches 1.9-2.0Mpa, opens rapidly discharge port and complete high temperature the separated of mattress and weave construction of going out after 1-2 minute.
(3) fermentation step, the ratio that through separated tobacco rod, nutrition source material and auxiliary material is in mass ratio 75:15:10 is mixed, regulate moisture to 50-60%, add the AT fermentation base of 0.5-1 ‰ fermented product total amount, above-mentioned fermentation materials is sent in fermenter, maintain 60 ~ 75 ℃ of fermentations 7 ~ 10 days, stir turning every day and as temperature drops to 45 ℃, just stir below turning 1 time (do not decline and also will stir turning on time) later for middle low temperature (45-55 ℃) ferments, 5-10 days fermentation ends 2 times.
(4) fumigation: if it is separated with uncontamination workshop will not pollute workshop, increase anti-secondary pollution facility.The material that fermentation is completed (moisture 40%) is transported into enclosed stifling workshop, utilize the fumigant such as trichloronitromethane, Methyl disulfide, stifling 2-3 days, with spraying after dioxide peroxide dilution, can kill the nematode and soil fungi and the Micobial Disease that colonize on material, weed a garden, control subterranean pest-insect etc., spacious gas is about 10 days.
(5) material that will become thoroughly decomposed, perlite and vermiculite be take the ratio that mass ratio is 60-70:10-30:10-30 and are mixed and obtain seedling medium.
Described nutrition source is the mixture of chicken manure and rapeseed meal, and both mass ratioes are 1:1.
Described auxiliary material is the mixture of Semen Maydis powder and wheat bran, and both mass ratioes are 2:1.
Bacterial classification formula and the mass percent thereof of described AT fermentation base are as follows: bacillus natto 20%, penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 20%, bacillus megaterium 10%, hot common streptomycete HD12-4 50%.
Its preparation technology is with embodiment 1.
(1) collect, pulverize: the weave construction of tobacco rod is special, xylogen, content of cellulose are higher, directly become thoroughly decomposed more difficult; In addition discarded cigarette stalk, mostly with pathogenic bacteria and worm's ovum, first will be discarded tobacco rod and carry out closed collection, reduce the pollution of disease and pest to vega.Adopt pulverizer first tobacco rod to be ground into 2-3 centimetre of segment.
(2) High Temperature High Pressure separating treatment: by tobacco rod after collecting, pulverizing, with lift, be transported to separating tank charging bole, arrival separating tank is inner, material temperature in container is raised to 213 ℃, vapor pressure reaches 2.0Mpa, opens rapidly discharge port and complete high temperature the separated of mattress and weave construction of going out after 1 minute.
(3) fermentation step, the ratio that through separated tobacco rod, nutrition source material and auxiliary material is in mass ratio 75:15:10 is mixed, regulate moisture to 60%, add the AT fermentation base of 1 ‰ fermented product total amounts, above-mentioned fermentation materials is sent in fermenter, maintain 75 ℃ of fermentations 7 days, stir turning every day and as temperature drops to 45 ℃, just stir below turning 1 time (do not decline and also will stir turning on time) later for middle low temperature (45 ℃) ferments, 10 days fermentation ends 2 times.
(4) fermentation materials is dried, is packaged to be finished product.
Described nutrition source is the mixture of chicken manure and rapeseed meal, and both mass ratioes are 5:1.
Described auxiliary material is the mixture of Semen Maydis powder and wheat bran, and both mass ratioes are 1:5.
Bacterial classification formula and the mass percent thereof of described AT fermentation base are as follows: bacillus natto 10%, penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 10%, bacillus megaterium 10%, hot common streptomycete HD12-4 70%.
(4) fumigation: if it is separated with uncontamination workshop will not pollute workshop, increase anti-secondary pollution facility.The material that fermentation is completed (moisture 40%) is transported into enclosed stifling workshop, utilize the fumigant such as trichloronitromethane, Methyl disulfide, stifling 2-3 days, with spraying after dioxide peroxide dilution, can kill the nematode and soil fungi and the Micobial Disease that colonize on material, weed a garden, control subterranean pest-insect etc., spacious gas is about 10 days.
(5) material that becomes thoroughly decomposed, perlite and vermiculite being take to the ratio that mass ratio is 70:30:10 mixes and obtains seedling medium.
(1) collect, pulverize: the weave construction of tobacco rod is special, xylogen, content of cellulose are higher, directly become thoroughly decomposed more difficult; Discarded cigarette stalk and inapplicable tobacco leaf, mostly with pathogenic bacteria and worm's ovum, first will be discarded tobacco rod and inapplicable tobacco leaf and carry out respectively closed collection, reduce the pollution of disease and pest to vega.Adopt pulverizer first tobacco rod to be ground into 2-3 centimetre of segment, tobacco leaf is pulverized as chip.
(2) High Temperature High Pressure separating treatment: by tobacco rod after collecting, pulverizing, with lift, be transported to separating tank charging bole, arrival separating tank is inner, material temperature in container is raised to 211 ℃, vapor pressure reaches 1.9Mpa, opens rapidly discharge port and complete high temperature the separated of mattress and weave construction of going out after 2 minutes.。
Inapplicable tobacco leaf, after collecting, pulverizing, is transported to separating tank charging bole with lift, arrives separating tank inner, the material temperature in container is raised to 160 ℃, vapor pressure reaches 0.55 left and right, opens rapidly discharge port and complete the high temperature mattress that goes out after 20 seconds minutes.
(3) fermentation step, to mix to obtain compound through separated tobacco rod and tobacco leaf, then the ratio that by compound, nutrition source material and auxiliary material is in mass ratio 75:10:15 is mixed, regulate moisture to 50-60%, add the AT fermentation base of 0.5-1 ‰ fermented product total amount, above-mentioned fermentation materials is sent in fermenter, maintain 70 ℃ of fermentations 8 days, stir turning every day and as temperature drops to 45 ℃, just stir below turning 1 time (do not decline and also will stir turning on time) later for middle low temperature (50 ℃) ferments, 8 days fermentation ends 2 times.
(4) fermentation materials is dried, is packaged to be finished product.
Described nutrition source is the mixture of chicken manure and rapeseed meal, and both mass ratioes are 2:1.
Described auxiliary material is the mixture of Semen Maydis powder and wheat bran, and both mass ratioes are 1:3.
Bacterial classification formula and the mass percent thereof of described AT fermentation base are as follows: bacillus natto 10%, penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 20%, bacillus megaterium 50%, hot common streptomycete HD12-4 20%.
(4) fumigation: if it is separated with uncontamination workshop will not pollute workshop, increase anti-secondary pollution facility.The material that fermentation is completed (moisture 40%) is transported into enclosed stifling workshop, utilize the fumigant such as trichloronitromethane, Methyl disulfide, stifling 2-3 days, with spraying after dioxide peroxide dilution, can kill the nematode and soil fungi and the Micobial Disease that colonize on material, weed a garden, control subterranean pest-insect etc., spacious gas is about 10 days.
(5) material that becomes thoroughly decomposed, perlite and vermiculite being take to the ratio that mass ratio is 70:30:10 mixes and obtains seedling medium.
(1) collect, pulverize: the weave construction of tobacco rod is special, xylogen, content of cellulose are higher, directly become thoroughly decomposed more difficult; Discarded cigarette stalk and inapplicable tobacco leaf, mostly with pathogenic bacteria and worm's ovum, first will be discarded tobacco rod and inapplicable tobacco leaf and carry out respectively closed collection, reduce the pollution of disease and pest to vega.Adopt pulverizer first tobacco rod to be ground into 2-3 centimetre of segment, tobacco leaf is pulverized as chip.
(2) High Temperature High Pressure separating treatment: by tobacco rod after collecting, pulverizing, with lift, be transported to separating tank charging bole, arrival separating tank is inner, material temperature in container is raised to 211-213 ℃, vapor pressure reaches 1.9-2.0Mpa, opens rapidly discharge port and complete high temperature the separated of mattress and weave construction of going out after 8 minutes.。
By inapplicable tobacco leaf after collecting, pulverizing, with lift, be transported to separating tank charging bole, arrive separating tank inner, the material temperature in container is raised to 158-164 ℃, vapor pressure reaches 0.5-0.6, opens rapidly discharge port and complete the high temperature mattress that goes out after 1-2 minute.
(3) fermentation step, to mix to obtain compound through separated tobacco rod and tobacco leaf, then the ratio that by compound, nutrition source material and auxiliary material is in mass ratio 75:10:15 is mixed, regulate moisture to 50-60%, add the AT fermentation base of 0.5-1 ‰ fermented product total amount, above-mentioned fermentation materials is sent in fermenter, maintain 60 ~ 75 ℃ of fermentations 7 ~ 10 days, stir turning every day and as temperature drops to 45 ℃, just stir below turning 1 time (do not decline and also will stir turning on time) later for middle low temperature (45 1 55 ℃) ferments, 5-10 days fermentation ends 2 times.
(4) fumigation: if it is separated with uncontamination workshop will not pollute workshop, increase anti-secondary pollution facility.The material that fermentation is completed (moisture 40%) is transported into enclosed stifling workshop, utilize the fumigant such as trichloronitromethane, Methyl disulfide, stifling 2-3 days, with spraying after dioxide peroxide dilution, can kill the nematode and soil fungi and the Micobial Disease that colonize on material, weed a garden, control subterranean pest-insect etc., spacious gas is about 10 days.
(5) material that becomes thoroughly decomposed, perlite and vermiculite being take to the ratio that mass ratio is 70:30:30 mixes and obtains seedling medium.
Described nutrition source is chicken manure.
Described auxiliary material is Semen Maydis powder.
Bacterial classification formula and the mass percent thereof of described AT fermentation base are as follows: mass ratio is according to bacillus natto 50%, penicillium oxalicum 15%, bacillus megaterium 15%, the ratio of hot common streptomycete 20% mixes, the bacterial content of solid fermentation substrate be 4-6 hundred million/gram.
Its preparation technology is with embodiment 1.
The effect that AT fermentation base becomes thoroughly decomposed to tobacco waste high temperature:
1. experiment purpose
By different treatment to become thoroughly decomposed in the rotten test of tobacco waste (cigarette stalk, inapplicable tobacco leaf) heap temperature, total N, P, K; C/N, Lignin degradation rate, dynamic change and the contrast on the impact of tobacco waste quality of compost products thereof of AT fermentation base (penicillium oxalicum, hot common streptomycete) on the adaptability of nicotine, seed germination index (GI); illustrate that processing has relative advantage to AT fermentation base to tobacco waste, processes foundation is provided for mass-producing.
2. experiment material
2.1 tobacco wastes: tobacco leaf is directly pulverized, cigarette stalk is pulverized High Temperature High Pressure and separating treatment
The physical and chemical index of tobacco waste: organism: 78.24%, the about 45-50% of content of lignin, N:1.11% P:0.58% K:1.64% nicotine (Nicotine) popular name Nicotine, tobacco leaf content: be about 1-3%, cigarette stalk content is about 0.3-1.1%, because tobacco bred is different, has any different.
2.2 nutritional supplements: the wheat bran that mass ratio is 1:1 and the mixture of Semen Maydis powder
The AT fermentation base of 2.3 embodiment of the present invention 1
2.4 general decomposing microbial inoculums: adopt the disclosed decomposing microbial inoculum of Chinese patent CN101838613A.
3. experimental technique
3.1 experiments are processed
| Process | Combination |
| Process one | Tobacco waste (70%)+nutritional supplements (30%) |
| Process two | Tobacco waste (70%)+nutritional supplements (30%)+general decomposing microbial inoculum (1 ‰) |
| Process three | Tobacco waste (70%)+nutritional supplements (30%)+AT base (1 ‰) that ferments |
3.2 compost method
Fermented product moisture 50-60%, heap is long not to be limit, and piles wide 1.5m, piles high 0.8m
3.3 research object
Temperature, total N, P, K, C/N, Lignin degradation rate, rate of emergence, the adaptability of AT fermentation base (penicillium oxalicum, hot common streptomycete) to nicotine.
4. experimental result and analysis
Result shows, add AT fermentation base and shortened the time that tobacco waste compost reaches a high temperature, extended the pyrolytic decomposition time length, increase total nitrogen content, accelerate the degradation rate of material N, P, K and C/N ratio, improve seed germination index (GI), AT fermentation base (penicillium oxalicum, hot common streptomycete) has affinity, adaptability to cigarette stalk and the nicotine being not suitable with in tobacco leaf, can decompose tobacco waste.Accelerated tobacco waste compost maturity process.
4.1 AT fermentation bases are affecting tobacco waste leavening temperature
While processing a 24h, temperature is 35 ℃, and top temperature is 48 ℃; While processing two 24h, temperature is 45 ℃, enters the pyrolytic decomposition stage during 3d, and top temperature is 56 ℃, high-temperature duration 3d; While processing three 24h, temperature is 55 ℃, and entered the pyrolytic decomposition stage same day, and top temperature reaches 68 ℃, high-temperature duration 7-10d.Process three process two in advance 2d enter the pyrolytic decomposition stage, high-temperature duration extends respectively 4-6d, and processes three top temperatures apparently higher than processing two and process one, exceeds respectively 12 ℃, 20 ℃.
Research discovery, lignocellulose is mainly decomposed at hot stage, and the high temperature bacteria strain that AT ferments in base accelerates heap body and heats up, the decomposition of lignocellulose material in quickening compost substrate, thereby the cycle of shortening compost maturity.
4.2 AT fermentation bases are affecting tobacco waste quality
It is as follows that three kinds of processing are surveyed respectively its nutrient composition content after fully becoming thoroughly decomposed:
| Process | N（%） | P（%） | K（%） |
| Process one | 0.99 | 1.58 | 2.64 |
| Process two | 1.09 | 2.08 | 3.15 |
| Process three | 1.11 | 2.83 | 4.33 |
The processing of adding AT fermentation base microbial inoculum can significantly increase total N, P, the K nutrient content of tobacco waste composting production.Processing two increases by 10.1% than processing a total N, and total P increases by 31.6%, and total K increases by 19.3%; Processing three increases by 1.8% than processing two total N, and total P increases by 36.1%, and total K increases by 37.5%.
In tobacco waste, the nutritive element content such as P, K is higher, but how to form mixture with organic matter, can not be used effectively, and have the bacterial classification of special decomposition organophosphorus, organic potassium, thereby in promotion tobacco waste, P, K composition decomposes release in AT fermentation base.
4.3?C/N
Compost needs suitable C/N, and one removes in compost and requires suitable C/N for (25-30): 1, and too low as C/N, can not provide enough energy substances for microorganism, too high as C/N, in composting process, aerobic requirement improves and produces a large amount of foul smell.The C/N of tobacco waste is higher by approximately 36, by nutritional supplements (wheat bran, Semen Maydis powder), makes amendment, regulates the C/N of compost to 25 left and right.
C/N be compost maturity an important indicator, when C/N reaches (15-20): in the time of 1, think compost maturity.
Compost maturity is to 3d, processes one, two, three C/N ratio and is respectively 28.7,27.1,26.8, processes one, two, three C/N ratio and be respectively 25.8,23.3,22.1 during 7d, processes three C/N and be down to 18.6 during 11d, reaches the standard of becoming thoroughly decomposed.As can be seen here, the tobacco heap ferment effect of interpolation AT fermentation base is obviously better.
4.4 impacts of AT fermentation base on lignin degradation efficiency
In cigarette stalk, degree of lignification is higher, the about 45-50% of content of lignin, and after wood fibre separating treatment, content of lignin is still in 30% left and right.And the general about 15-20% of Spruce lignin content, so the degraded of lignocellulose is the principal element of restriction cigarette stalk compost maturity.
Compost is during to 15d, now processes one, two, three content of lignin respectively 28.2%, 24.4%, 12.7%.Process an xylogen substantially without degraded, process two content and slightly reduce, process three degradation effects remarkable.
The bacterial strain that has efficient degradation lignocellulose in AT fermentation base, can produce extracellular lignocellulose lytic enzyme, active far away higher than enzyme in the spore of bacterium, accelerates rate of decomposition and the efficiency of lignocellulose material in compost substrate.
4.5 AT fermentation bases are affecting seed germination index (GI)
The phytotoxicity of measuring compost by biological method is the effective ways of check compost maturity, and seed germination index is innoxious, the important indicator of degree of stability.
To compost 7d, each germination index of processing seed is respectively: 28.8%, 58.2%, 82.1%, wherein the fastest to process three germination index lift velocity, to compost to 15d, each germination index of processing seed is respectively: 66.8%, 72%, 86%, process three and met the requirement of becoming thoroughly decomposed completely.Add AT fermentation base and can effectively improve seed germination index.
The adaptability of 4.6 AT fermentation bases (penicillium oxalicum, hot common streptomycete) to nicotine
Ferment base and common decomposing agent of AT made to the bacterium liquid of same equal proportion, be inoculated into respectively with in tobacco waste (cigarette stalk accounts for 70%, and inapplicable tobacco leaf accounts for 30%) matrix, observe their growing state.Found that, after inoculation 24h, in the tobacco waste matrix of AT fermentation base, start to occur white hypha, during to 48h, grown a large amount of white hyphas, and now inoculate in the tobacco waste matrix of common decomposing agent, only has a small amount of mycelia, subsequently, the tobacco waste matrix of inoculation AT fermentation base is covered with the mycelia approximately sustainable several days on vein surface, simultaneously generating portion spore. and the mycelia that inoculates the tobacco waste matrix of common decomposing agent does not significantly change.Add as can be seen here AT fermentation base (mould, strepto-) cigarette stalk and the nicotine being not suitable with in tobacco leaf are had to stronger affinity, adaptability.
5. experiment conclusion:
1. do not add in the rotten process of fermenting of tobacco waste heap of microbial inoculum, heat-up rate is slow, can not enter the pyrolytic decomposition stage, and seed germination index is lower, and becoming thoroughly decomposed process is slower, and the degree of becoming thoroughly decomposed is lower.
2, add the tobacco waste of removing decomposing microbial inoculum and pile in rotten fermenting process, heat-up rate is slower, and the time that enters the pyrolytic decomposition stage is longer, and high-temperature duration is shorter, and most microbial inoculums are had to restraining effect.
3. it is very fast that the tobacco waste that adds AT fermenting agent is piled in rotten process heat-up rate, heap body enters rapidly the pyrolytic decomposition stage, high-temperature duration extends, shorten the compost fermentation time, can promote C/N to reduce, significantly improve seed germination index, and can significantly improve the total nitrogen, total phosphorus of composting production, the content of total potassium, improve the quality of composting production.
Claims (6)
1. a Technology of utilizing tobacco waste to produce seedling medium, it is characterized in that: tobacco waste obtains the material that becomes thoroughly decomposed after collection, pulverizing, High Temperature High Pressure separating treatment, fermentation, fumigation step, the material that becomes thoroughly decomposed, perlite and vermiculite be take to the ratio that mass ratio is 60-70:10-30:10-30 and mix and obtain seedling medium;
The concrete technology of described fermentation step is: the ratio that is 70-75:10-20:10-20 in mass ratio by tobacco waste, nutrition source material and auxiliary material is mixed, regulate moisture to 50-60%, add the AT fermentation base of 0.5-1 ‰ fermented product total amount, above-mentioned fermentation materials is sent in fermenter, stir turning every day 2 times, after temperature declines, at 45-55 ℃, carry out middle low temperature fermentation, 5-10 days fermentation ends, dry, are packaged to be finished product by fermentation materials.
2. the Technology of utilizing tobacco waste to produce seedling medium according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: bacterial classification formula and the mass percent thereof of described AT fermentation base are as follows: bacillus natto 5-50%, penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 5-50%, bacillus megaterium 5-50%, hot common streptomycete HD12-4 10-70%.
3. the Technology of utilizing tobacco waste to produce seedling medium according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described tobacco waste is inapplicable tobacco leaf, in described High Temperature High Pressure separating treatment technique, separating tank pressure is 0.5-0.6MPa, temperature is 158-164 ℃, and the time length is in 1 minute.
4. the Technology of utilizing tobacco waste to produce seedling medium according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described tobacco waste is tobacco rod, in described High Temperature High Pressure separating treatment technique, separating tank pressure is 1.9-2.0MPa, and temperature is 211-213 ℃, continues 1-2 minute.
5. the Technology of utilizing tobacco waste to produce seedling medium according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described nutrition source is chicken manure or rapeseed meal or both mixtures.
6. the Technology of utilizing tobacco waste to produce seedling medium according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described auxiliary material is Semen Maydis powder or wheat bran or both mixtures.
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| CN107382587A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2017-11-24 | 刘劲 | A kind of house plant special organic matter compost and its preparation method and application |
| CN110249988A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-09-20 | 北京中禾清雅芽菜生产有限公司 | A kind of organic shoot vegetable production and organic substrate recycle utilization |
| CN115067178A (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2022-09-20 | 韶关学院 | Seedling culture substrate composition of tobacco stem dry matter, preparation method and application |
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