CN103564644B - A kind of inapplicable tobacco leaf innoxious process for treating - Google Patents
A kind of inapplicable tobacco leaf innoxious process for treating Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of inapplicable tobacco leaf innoxious process for treating, comprise the collection of inapplicable tobacco leaf, pulverizing, autoclave sterilization process, fermentation step, the concrete technology of described fermentation step is: by inapplicable tobacco leaf, nutrient source material and auxiliary material in mass ratio for the ratio of 70-75:10-20:10-20 mixes, regulate moisture to 50-60%, add the AT fermentation base of 0.5-1 ‰ fermentate total amount.The technology of the present invention become thoroughly decomposed after material can significantly improve amino acid content, the amino acid fertilizer made, for fruits and vegetables, tobacco planting, can increase fruits and vegetables, tobacco aroma matter content, significantly improve fruits and vegetables, cigarette quality.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to inapplicable tobacco leaf processing technology field, be specifically related to a kind of inapplicable tobacco leaf innoxious process for treating.
Background technology
Chemical farming is faced with the problems such as environmental pollution, ecological disruption, Resource exhaustion.Therefore, by developing a circular economy, exploring a kind of high-quality, the novel agricultural mode of production efficient, capable of circulation, forming the production model of " resource → agricultural product → regenerated resources → agricultural product ", becoming the vital task of modern agricultural development.
Tobacco is one of leading industry of China's rural economy, and national tobacco planting area reaches more than 1,500 ten thousand mu.Tobacco growing needs a large amount of potassium, P elements, all needs every year to supplement potassium, phosphor resource in soil.And in the inapplicable tobacco leaves such as footing leaf, offal, fireworks, cigarette wooden fork and part top, containing the nutrient such as potassium, phosphorus being easy in a large number absorb.So inapplicable tobacco leaf process is the important channel realizing tobacco sustainable development.
Owing to being unfavorable for the composition of growth of microorganism in tobacco leaf containing nicotine etc., so traditional HM decomposing agent can not well become thoroughly decomposed to tobacco leaf, processing method general in prior art is field emergency burial, easily causes viral superinfection.Treatment pond is built in some place, occupies cultivated land, waste resource.Owing to carrying a large amount of virus, germ and worm's ovum in inapplicable tobacco leaf.If harmless treatment is not thorough, these pathogens will be taken back soil, pollute.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the above-mentioned technical problem provided in prior art, a kind of inapplicable tobacco leaf innoxious process for treating is provided.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
Inapplicable tobacco leaf innoxious process for treating of the present invention, comprise the collection of inapplicable tobacco leaf, pulverize, autoclave sterilization process, fermentation step, the concrete technology of described fermentation step is: by inapplicable tobacco leaf, nutrient source material and auxiliary material are the ratio mixing of 70-75:10-20:10-20 in mass ratio, regulate moisture to 50-60%, add the AT fermentation base of 0.5-1 ‰ fermentate total amount, above-mentioned fermentation materials is sent in fermentation tank, maintain 60 ~ 75 DEG C of fermentations 7 ~ 10 days, stir turning every day and just stir turning 1 time (do not decline and also will stir turning on time) later for middle low temperature (45 1 55 DEG C) ferments as temperature drops to less than 45 DEG C 2 times, 5-10 days fermentation ends, fermentation materials is dried tobacco leaf becomes thoroughly decomposed material.
Fermentation tank described in the present invention can adopt normal fermentation groove of the prior art, preferably adopts the patent No. to be 200620030881.2, and denomination of invention can prevent secondary pollution for the technical scheme disclosed in closed aerating fecal treatment apparatus, this technology.
Bacterial classification formula and the mass percent thereof of described AT (obsolete tabacum) base that ferments are as follows: bafillus natto 5-50%, penicillium oxalicum (Penicillium oxalicun) HB09-4(Classification And Nomenclature: penicillium oxalicum, Latin name: Penicillium oxalicun, depositary institution: China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, depositary institution is called for short: CGMCC, depositary institution address: No. 3, Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City, preservation date: on July 17th, 2012, deposit number: 6321) 5-50%, bacillus megaterium 5-50%, heat common streptomycete (Streptomyces thermovulgaris) HD12-4 (Classification And Nomenclature: hot common streptomycete, Latin name: Streptomyces thermovulgaris, depositary institution: China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, depositary institution is called for short: CGMCC, depositary institution address: No. 3, Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City, preservation date: on July 17th, 2012, deposit number: 6322) 5-50%.
AT for the treatment of inapplicable tobacco leaf fermentation base of the present invention, optimization formula is as follows: bafillus natto 10-30%, penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 20-40%, bacillus megaterium 10-30%, hot common streptomycete HD12-4 20-40%.
Refer to that tobacco leaf carries out high temperature high pressure process in high-temperature high-pressure separator in described autoclave sterilization treatment process, in described high-temperature high-pressure separator, knockout drum pressure is 0.5-0.6MPa, and temperature is 158-164 DEG C, and the retention time is within 1 minute.
Described nutrient source is chicken manure or rapeseed dregs or both mixtures.
Described auxiliary material is corn flour or wheat bran or both mixtures.
The preparation technology of the fermentation of the AT for the treatment of inapplicable tobacco leaf base of the present invention, comprises the steps:
(1) triangular flask Liquid Culture: fill 200ml meat soup fluid nutrient medium in 500ml triangular flask, accesses the bacillus megaterium in 2 ring slant tubes and bafillus natto respectively after sterilizing, 32 degree of shaking tables cultivate 15 hours, carries out tank body and expands numerous; In 500ml triangular flask, fill 200mlPDA fluid nutrient medium, access the bafillus natto in 2 ring slant tubes and penicillium oxalicum HB09-4,25-30 degree shaking table cultivation 17-18 hour after sterilizing respectively, carry out tank body and expand numerous; In 500ml triangular flask, fill 200ml Gause I fluid nutrient medium, 17-18 hour cultivated by heat common streptomycete HD12-4, the 50-55 degree shaking table accessed respectively after sterilizing in 2 ring slant tubes, carries out tank body and expands numerous;
(2) solid culture: adsorb in the sterilized solid carrier wheat bran 100% of tank body liquid inoculation of bacillus megaterium and bafillus natto, the ratio of liquid and solid is 1:2.4, then dries; Bafillus natto and penicillium oxalicum tank body nutrient solution are decomposed and is inoculated into solid medium dregs of beans: 13%, corn flour: 10%, wheat bran: 60%, fine flour: in 12%, inoculum concentration is 7.5%, is placed in the pallet of lower curtate Reticular breathable after fully stirring evenly, and cultivates 3 days under the condition of 30 degree; Common for heat streptomycete tank body nutrient solution is decomposed and is inoculated into solid medium dregs of beans: 15%, corn flour: 35%, wheat bran: 45%, sawdust: in 5%, inoculum concentration is 7.5%, be placed on after fully stirring evenly in sterilized aluminum bucket, have aperture to be increase Air permenbility at the bottom of bucket, cultivate 2 days under the condition of 50-55 degree;
(3) composite: above cultured solid fungicide to be carried out dry or aseptic ventilation is dried, according to bafillus natto 5-50, penicillium oxalicum 5-50, bacillus megaterium 5-50, the ratio of the common streptomycete 10-70 of heat mixes, the bacterial content of solid fermentation substrate be 4-6 hundred million/gram.
The penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 that the present invention relates to carries out preservation on July 17th, 2012 at China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, Classification And Nomenclature: penicillium oxalicum, Latin name: Penicillium oxalicun, depositary institution: China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, depositary institution is called for short: CGMCC, depositary institution address: No. 3, Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City, preservation date: on July 17th, 2012, deposit number: 6321.
Colonial morphology and microscopic features as follows:
Bacterial classification grows comparatively fast on malt extract medium, lower 4 days of 25 DEG C of dark conditions, colony diameter 19-21mm, and quality is velvet-like, grayish green, sprawls, and conidial fructification is formed in a large number; The bacterium colony back side is light brown, without water colo(u)r.
Conidiophore is tall and big, and wall is smooth, and penicillus 2 is verticillate, and closely, bottle obstructs column, and neck is short, 8.2-13.6*2.5-3.5 m in arrangement; Conidium is oval, and light green color, wall is smooth, 3.5-6.9*2.0-3.3 m.Robe structure is produced there are no condition.
The common streptomycete HD12-4 of the heat that the present invention relates to carries out preservation on July 17th, 2012 at China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, Classification And Nomenclature: hot common streptomycete, Latin name: Streptomyces thermovulgaris, depositary institution: China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center, depositary institution is called for short: CGMCC, depositary institution address: No. 3, Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City, preservation date: on July 17th, 2012, deposit number: 6322.
Form and physicochemical characteristics as follows:
(1) cultural characteristic
| Cultural characteristic | Aerial hyphae | Substrate mycelium | Soluble pigment |
| Czapek's medium | Taupe | Shallow drabon look | Nothing |
| Glucose asparagine culture medium | White | Milky white | Nothing |
| Glycerine asparagine culture medium | White | Milky white | Nothing |
| Inorganic salts starch culture-medium | Taupe | Drabon look | Nothing |
| ISP-2 culture medium | Seldom | Shallow khaki | Nothing |
| Oatmeal culture medium | Seldom | Milky white | Nothing |
| Gause I culture medium | White | Milky white | Nothing |
| Mulberry Ta Shi culture medium | Seldom | Khaki | Nothing |
(2) microscopic features: fibrillae of spores is straight, flexible, hook-shaped, spirality, flexible, directly.Spore is oval.
(3) physiological and biochemical property:
The bafillus natto that the present invention relates to is bafillus natto HA08-1, is purchased from Institute of Microorganism, Academia Sinica; The bacillus megaterium that the present invention relates to is bacillus megaterium HA09-6, is purchased from Institute of Microorganism, Academia Sinica.
In the technology of the present invention, autoclave sterilization process is carried out to inapplicable tobacco leaf and can kill pathogen, worm's ovum, weed seed etc. in tobacco leaf, total every gram 1.23 hundred million of bacterial content in inapplicable tobacco leaf before autoclave sterilization process, after autoclave sterilization process, bacterial content sum is down to every gram 0.00043 hundred million, substantially reaches aseptic.The AT fermentation base adopted can overcome the impact of nicotine in inapplicable tobacco leaf, realization is rapidly heated and becomes thoroughly decomposed, more than 60 degree high temperature are produced in digest process, and continue more than one week, can effectively kill residual pathogen, worm's ovum, weed seed etc., being become thoroughly decomposed by high temperature makes the macromolecular substances in inapplicable tobacco leaf be converted into rapidly the small-molecule substance that can be absorbed and used, as small molecular sugar, amino acid etc.The material that becomes thoroughly decomposed also as functional fertilizer can play the reduction soil weight, promote to form soil aggregate, culture fertility, raising soil microbial activities in field; Because nicotine has stronger killing effect to disease and pest in soil, effectively can prevent soil-borne disease from occurring, improve the effects such as tobacco vegetables and fruits quality.Material after becoming thoroughly decomposed can significantly improve amino acid content 25-35%, and the amino acid fertilizer made, for fruits and vegetables, tobacco planting, can increase fruits and vegetables, tobacco aroma matter content, significantly improve fruits and vegetables, cigarette quality.
The material that becomes thoroughly decomposed after process of the present invention is as follows as the field test results of fertilizers.
The impact that field test one, functional fertilizer of the present invention grow the preventive effect of tobacco bacterial wilt and cigarette strain, result of the test is in table 1.
Test site: margin administrative village, lake, Hao Gang township, Shangshui County, Zhoukou City of Henan Province, this ground stops safflower tobacco 5 years continuously, this peasant family every year before tobacco leaf is transplanted custom animal wastes and forage, stalk mixture apply as fertilizer, 2008 start to occur bacterial wilt, and within 2010, the bacterial wilt incidence of disease is up to 15.8%.
Test method:
Test group I: test period is the 2-9 month in 2011, for examination area 0.5 mu, tobacco leaf cultivation distance between rows and hills is 120 × 50cm, and be the material that becomes thoroughly decomposed of embodiment 1 for examination fertilizer, fertilizing method is all determined according to the fertilising custom of locality.
Test group II: test period is the 2-9 month in 2011, for examination area 0.5 mu, tobacco leaf cultivation distance between rows and hills is 120 × 50cm, and be the material that becomes thoroughly decomposed of embodiment 2 for examination fertilizer, fertilizing method is all determined according to the fertilising custom of locality.
Test group III: test period is the 2-9 month in 2011, for examination area 0.5 mu, tobacco leaf cultivation distance between rows and hills is 120 × 50cm, and be the material that becomes thoroughly decomposed of embodiment 3 for examination fertilizer, fertilizing method is all determined according to the fertilising custom of locality.
Control group: test period is the 2-9 month in 2011, for examination area 0.5 mu, tobacco leaf cultivation distance between rows and hills is 120 × 50cm, and be the fertilizer selected the local fertilising custom for examination fertilizer, fertilizing method is all determined according to the fertilising custom of locality.
Experimental group and control group in transplanting latter 30 days respectively, record diseased plant number when first time plucks tobacco leaf and plucks tobacco leaf for second from the bottom time.
The impact that table 1 material that becomes thoroughly decomposed of the present invention grows the preventive effect of tobacco bacterial wilt and cigarette strain
As can be seen from the above table, the material that becomes thoroughly decomposed of the present invention has good prevention effect to soil-borne disease, can promote tobacco growing.
Field test two, the impact of material on fruit-vegetable quality of becoming thoroughly decomposed of the present invention, result of the test is in table 2.
Test site: Hebi City Qixian County, Henan Province is towards song Southern Pass village, town
Test method:
Tomato group: test period is the 3-8 month in 2011 is the functional fertilizer of embodiment 1 for examination fertilizer, and for examination area 0.5 mu, fertilizing method is all determined according to the fertilising custom of locality.
Control group: test period is the 3-8 month in 2011, be the fertilizer selected the local fertilising custom for examination fertilizer, fertilizing method is all determined according to the fertilising custom of locality.
Watermelon group: test period is the 3-8 month in 2011 is the functional fertilizer of embodiment 2 for examination fertilizer, and for examination area 0.5 mu, fertilizing method is all determined according to the fertilising custom of locality.
Control group: test period is the 3-8 month in 2011, be the fertilizer selected the local fertilising custom for examination fertilizer, fertilizing method is all determined according to the fertilising custom of locality.
Grape group: test period is in October ,-2011 in December, 2010 is the functional fertilizer of embodiment 3 for examination fertilizer, and for examination area 0.5 mu, fertilizing method is all determined according to the fertilising custom of locality.
Control group: test period is in October ,-2011 in December, 2010, be the fertilizer selected the local fertilising custom for examination fertilizer, fertilizing method is all determined according to the fertilising custom of locality.
Table 2 material that becomes thoroughly decomposed affects result to fruit-vegetable quality
Total sugar content growth rate in statistics fruit, in fruit during Vc content growth rate, adopts grab sample 10 groups, then calculates the method for mean value.
As can be seen from the above table, the material that becomes thoroughly decomposed of the present invention can significantly improve the quality of products, and improves the quality of product.
The material that becomes thoroughly decomposed after process of the present invention is as follows as the result of the test of seedling medium.
Test group I: in booth, the material that becomes thoroughly decomposed that the embodiment of the present invention 1 obtains is built up seedbed, in March, 2011 sowing, test plant is cotton, and the non-soil culture carried out manages, and regularly waters and executes nutrient solution and promoter (liquid).Investigate its growth indexes (two leaf stage) after one month in table 3, transplanting in about 40 days, transplant and investigate its index of correlation (see table 4) in latter 10 days.
Test group II: in booth, the material that becomes thoroughly decomposed that the embodiment of the present invention 2 obtains is built up seedbed, management method is with test group I.
Test group III: in booth, the material that becomes thoroughly decomposed that the embodiment of the present invention 3 obtains is built up seedbed, management method is with test group I.
Control group: get soil in booth and be designed to control group as seedbed, management method is with test group I.
The cotton seedling index of cotton seedling two leaf stage educated by table 3 the present invention material that becomes thoroughly decomposed
| Project | Plant height (cm) | True leaf number (sheet/strain) | Stem thick (cm) | Root fresh weight (g/ strain) | Fresh weight (g/ strain) |
| Test group I | 3.1 | 2.3 | 0.21 | 0.36 | 1.70 |
| Test group II | 3.2 | 2.2 | 0.23 | 0.37 | 1.68 |
| Test group III | 3.2 | 2.2 | 0.22 | 0.38 | 1.69 |
| Control group | 3.1 | 2.0 | 0.19 | 0.30 | 1.43 |
Table 4 the present invention become thoroughly decomposed material educate cotton transplantation of seedlings after cotton seedling growing state compare
| Project | Plant height | Main root long (cm) | Length is greater than the side radical (bar/strain) of 0.5cm | Newborn white root (bar/strain) | Complete stool fresh weight | Transplanting survival rate (%) |
| Test group I | 3.2 | 8.2 | 30.8 | 20.6 | 1.98 | 96.3 |
| Test group II | 3.2 | 8.1 | 32.1 | 19.8 | 1.88 | 94.6 |
| Test group III | 3.3 | 8.3 | 33.2 | 22.4 | 1.96 | 95.3 |
| Control group | 3.1 | 6.5 | 10.8 | 6.9 | 1.32 | 80.6 |
As can be seen from the above table, the material nursery of becoming thoroughly decomposed of the inventive method gained, cotton seedling growing state is obviously better than soil matrix.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the separator used in the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Autoclave sterilization process in the present invention refers to carries out sterilization treatment with separator, and described separator as shown in Figure 1, comprises high-pressure boiler 1 and knockout drum 4, knockout drum height 6.16 meters, diameter 1 meter.The high steam access mouth of pipe 3 is provided with on described knockout drum 4 tank body top, the high steam access mouth of pipe 3 is connected with high-pressure boiler 1, charging door 2 is provided with at knockout drum tank body top, tank base is provided with discharging opening 6, inverted cone pipe 5 is provided with in tank base tank body, cone pipe 5 top and tank body are connected as a single entity, and bottom connects discharging opening, and cone pipe is peripheral forms cavity structure with tank body.Tank body is provided with pressure gauge 7 and thermometer 8, pressure and temperature in tank can be observed at any time.
The conveniently in-site installation of high-pressure boiler, the high steam access mouth of pipe of described knockout drum has three, and adjacent two high steam access tube plane center of circle angles are 120 degree.
Its operation principle is as follows:
By inapplicable tobacco leaf after collecting, pulverizing, be transported to knockout drum charging door with elevator, arrive knockout drum inner, according to the difference of inapplicable tobacco leaf, adjustment operating pressure and temperature.Be example to being not suitable with tobacco leaf sterilizing harmless treatment, temperature in container is raised to 158-164 DEG C, steam pressure reaches 0.5-0.6Mpa, duration is within 1 minute, open discharging opening, at short notice, under high temperature, high pressure, the pathogen be not suitable with on tobacco leaf, worm's ovum, weed seed are killed, total every gram 1.23 hundred million of bacterial content in inapplicable tobacco leaf before autoclave sterilization process, after autoclave sterilization process, bacterial content sum is down to every gram 0.00043 hundred million, and worm's ovum, weed seed are almost all killed.
After just outer this separator of employing processes, effectively can isolate the petiole in tobacco leaf and vein, be conducive to the fermentation process of tobacco leaf.
Embodiment 1
(1) collect, pulverize: inapplicable tobacco leaf, mostly with pathogen and worm's ovum, is first carried out closed collection by inapplicable tobacco leaf, reduce disease and pest to the pollution of vega, adopt pulverizer to pulverize.
(2) autoclave sterilization process: by inapplicable tobacco leaf after collecting, pulverizing, knockout drum charging door is transported to elevator, arrival knockout drum is inner, material temperature in container is raised to 158-164 DEG C,, steam pressure reaches the lasting discharging opening of opening rapidly after 1 minute of 0.5-0.6Mpa and completes sterilizing.
(3) fermentation step, to be the ratio mixing of 70:10:20 in mass ratio through the inapplicable tobacco leaf of sterilizing, nutrient source material and auxiliary material, regulate moisture to 50-60%, add the AT fermentation base of 0.5-1 ‰ fermentate total amount, above-mentioned fermentation materials is sent in fermentation tank, maintain 60 ~ 75 DEG C of fermentations 7 ~ 10 days, stir turning every day and just stir turning 1 time (do not decline and also will stir turning on time) later for middle low temperature (45 1 55 DEG C) ferments, 5-10 days fermentation ends as temperature drops to less than 45 DEG C 2 times.
(4) fermentation materials is dried, is packaged to be finished product.
Described nutrient source is chicken manure.
Described auxiliary material is corn flour.
Bacterial classification formula and the mass percent thereof of described AT fermentation base are as follows: bafillus natto 20%, penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 30%, bacillus megaterium 20%, hot common streptomycete HD12-4 30%.
Its preparation technology is as follows:
(a) triangular flask Liquid Culture
In 500ml triangular flask, fill 200ml meat soup fluid nutrient medium, access the bacillus megaterium bafillus natto in 2 ring slant tubes after sterilizing respectively, 32 degree of shaking tables cultivate 15 hours, carry out tank body and expand numerous.
In 500ml triangular flask, fill 200mlPDA fluid nutrient medium, access the bafillus natto in 2 ring slant tubes and penicillium oxalicum after sterilizing respectively, 17-18 hour cultivated by 25-30 degree shaking table, carries out tank body and expands numerous.
In 500ml triangular flask, fill 200ml Gause I fluid nutrient medium, access the common streptomycete of heat in 2 ring slant tubes after sterilizing respectively, 17-18 hour cultivated by 50-55 degree shaking table, carries out tank body and expands numerous.
(b) solid culture
Adsorb in sterilized for the tank body liquid inoculation of bacillus megaterium bafillus natto solid carrier wheat bran 100%, the ratio of liquid and solid is 1:2.4, then dries.
Bafillus natto and penicillium oxalicum tank body nutrient solution are decomposed and is inoculated into solid medium dregs of beans: 13%, corn flour: 10%, wheat bran: 60%, fine flour: in 12%, inoculum concentration is 7.5%, is placed in the pallet of lower curtate Reticular breathable after fully stirring evenly, and cultivates 3 days under the condition of 30 degree.
Common for heat streptomycete tank body nutrient solution is decomposed and is inoculated into solid medium dregs of beans: 15%, corn flour: 35%, wheat bran: 45%, sawdust: in 5%, inoculum concentration is 7.5%, be placed on after fully stirring evenly in sterilized aluminum bucket, have aperture to be increase Air permenbility at the bottom of bucket, cultivate 2 days under the condition of 50-55 degree;
C () is composite: carried out by above cultured solid fungicide drying or aseptic ventilation is dried, mass ratio according to bafillus natto 20%, penicillium oxalicum 30%, bacillus megaterium 20%, the ratio of the common streptomycete 30% of heat mixes, the bacterial content of solid fermentation substrate be 4-6 hundred million/gram.
Embodiment 2
(1) collect, pulverize: inapplicable tobacco leaf, mostly with pathogen and worm's ovum, is first carried out closed collection by inapplicable tobacco leaf, reduce disease and pest to the pollution of vega, adopt pulverizer to pulverize.
(2) autoclave sterilization process: by inapplicable tobacco leaf after collecting, pulverizing, knockout drum charging door is transported to elevator, arrival knockout drum is inner, material temperature in container is raised to 158-164 DEG C, steam pressure reaches about 0.5-0.6, continues within 50 seconds, to open rapidly discharging opening afterwards and completes sterilizing.
(3) fermentation step, to be the ratio mixing of 70:20:10 in mass ratio through the inapplicable tobacco leaf of sterilizing, nutrient source material and auxiliary material, regulate moisture to 50-60%, add the AT fermentation base of 0.5-1 ‰ fermentate total amount, above-mentioned fermentation materials is sent in fermentation tank, maintain 60 DEG C of fermentations 10 days, stir turning every day and just stir turning 1 time (do not decline and also will stir turning on time) later for middle low temperature (45 DEG C) ferments, 10 days fermentation ends as temperature drops to less than 45 DEG C 2 times.
(4) fermentation materials is dried, is packaged to be finished product.
Described nutrient source is rapeseed dregs.
Described auxiliary material is wheat bran.
Bacterial classification formula and the mass percent thereof of described AT fermentation base are as follows: bafillus natto 20%, penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 20%, bacillus megaterium 20%, hot common streptomycete HD12-4 40%.
Its preparation technology is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
(1) collect, pulverize: inapplicable tobacco leaf, mostly with pathogen and worm's ovum, is first carried out closed collection by inapplicable tobacco leaf, reduce disease and pest to the pollution of vega, adopt pulverizer to pulverize.
(2) autoclave sterilization process: by inapplicable tobacco leaf after collecting, pulverizing, knockout drum charging door is transported to elevator, arrival knockout drum is inner, material temperature in container is raised to 158-164 DEG C, steam pressure reaches about 0.5-0.6, continues within 20 seconds, to open rapidly discharging opening afterwards and completes sterilizing.
(3) fermentation step, to be the ratio mixing of 75:15:10 in mass ratio through the tobacco rod of sterilizing, nutrient source material and auxiliary material, regulate moisture to 50-60%, add the AT fermentation base of 0.5-1 ‰ fermentate total amount, above-mentioned fermentation materials is sent in fermentation tank, maintain 65 DEG C of fermentations 9 days, stir turning every day and just stir turning 1 time (do not decline and also will stir turning on time) later for middle low temperature (50 DEG C) ferments, 8 days fermentation ends as temperature drops to less than 45 DEG C 2 times.
(4) fermentation materials is dried, is packaged to be finished product.
Described nutrient source is the mixture of chicken manure and rapeseed dregs, and both mass ratioes are 1:1.
Described auxiliary material is the mixture of corn flour and wheat bran, and both mass ratioes are 2:1.
Bacterial classification formula and the mass percent thereof of described AT fermentation base are as follows: bafillus natto 20%, penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 20%, bacillus megaterium 10%, hot common streptomycete HD12-4 50%.
Its preparation technology is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
(1) collect, pulverize: inapplicable tobacco leaf, mostly with pathogen and worm's ovum, is first carried out closed collection by inapplicable tobacco leaf, reduce disease and pest to the pollution of vega, adopt pulverizer to pulverize.
(2) autoclave sterilization process: by inapplicable tobacco leaf after collecting, pulverizing, knockout drum charging door is transported to elevator, arrival knockout drum is inner, material temperature in container is raised to 158-164 DEG C, steam pressure reaches about 0.5-0.6, continues within 30 seconds, then to open rapidly discharging opening and completes sterilizing.
(3) fermentation step, to be the ratio mixing of 75:15:10 in mass ratio through the tobacco rod of sterilizing, nutrient source material and auxiliary material, regulate moisture to 50-60%, add the AT fermentation base of 0.5-1 ‰ fermentate total amount, above-mentioned fermentation materials is sent in fermentation tank, maintain 70 DEG C of fermentations 8 days, stir turning every day and just stir turning 1 time (do not decline and also will stir turning on time) later for middle low temperature (55 DEG C) ferments, 5 days fermentation ends as temperature drops to less than 45 DEG C 2 times.
(4) fermentation materials is dried, is packaged to be finished product.
Described nutrient source is the mixture of chicken manure and rapeseed dregs, and both mass ratioes are 5:1.
Described auxiliary material is the mixture of corn flour and wheat bran, and both mass ratioes are 1:5.
Bacterial classification formula and the mass percent thereof of described AT fermentation base are as follows: bafillus natto 10%, penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 10%, bacillus megaterium 10%, hot common streptomycete HD12-4 70%.
Its preparation technology is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5
(1) collect, pulverize: inapplicable tobacco leaf, mostly with pathogen and worm's ovum, is first carried out closed collection by inapplicable tobacco leaf, reduce disease and pest to the pollution of vega, adopt pulverizer to pulverize.
(2) autoclave sterilization process: by inapplicable tobacco leaf after collecting, pulverizing, knockout drum charging door is transported to elevator, arrival knockout drum is inner, material temperature in container is raised to 158-164 DEG C, steam pressure reaches about 0.5-0.6, continues within 10 seconds, to open rapidly discharging opening afterwards and completes sterilizing.
(3) fermentation step, compound is mixed to obtain by through the tobacco rod of sterilizing and tobacco leaf, then be the ratio mixing of 75:10:15 in mass ratio by compound, nutrient source material and auxiliary material, regulate moisture to 50-60%, add the AT fermentation base of 0.5-1 ‰ fermentate total amount, above-mentioned fermentation materials is sent in fermentation tank, maintain 75 DEG C of fermentations 7 days, stir turning every day and just stir turning 1 time (do not decline and also will stir turning on time) later for middle low temperature (55 DEG C) ferments, 6 days fermentation ends as temperature drops to less than 45 DEG C 2 times.
(4) fermentation materials is dried, is packaged to be finished product.
Described nutrient source is the mixture of chicken manure and rapeseed dregs, and both mass ratioes are 2:1.
Described auxiliary material is the mixture of corn flour and wheat bran, and both mass ratioes are 1:3.
Bacterial classification formula and the mass percent thereof of described AT fermentation base are as follows: bafillus natto 10%, penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 20%, bacillus megaterium 50%, hot common streptomycete HD12-4 20%.
Its preparation technology is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 6
(1) collect, pulverize: inapplicable tobacco leaf, mostly with pathogen and worm's ovum, is first carried out closed collection by inapplicable tobacco leaf, reduce disease and pest to the pollution of vega, adopt pulverizer to pulverize.
(2) autoclave sterilization process: by inapplicable tobacco leaf after collecting, pulverizing, knockout drum charging door is transported to elevator, arrival knockout drum is inner, material temperature in container is raised to 158-164 DEG C, steam pressure reaches about 0.5-0.6, continues to open rapidly discharging opening after 1 minute and completes sterilizing.
(3) fermentation step, compound is mixed to obtain by through the tobacco rod of sterilizing and tobacco leaf, then be the ratio mixing of 75:10:15 in mass ratio by compound, nutrient source material and auxiliary material, regulate moisture to 50-60%, add the AT fermentation base of 0.5-1 ‰ fermentate total amount, above-mentioned fermentation materials is sent in fermentation tank, maintain 72 DEG C of fermentations 8 days, stir turning every day and just stir turning 1 time (do not decline and also will stir turning on time) later for middle low temperature (52 DEG C) ferments, 7 days fermentation ends as temperature drops to less than 45 DEG C 2 times.
(4) fermentation materials is dried, is packaged to be finished product.
Described nutrient source is chicken manure.
Described auxiliary material is corn flour.
Described AT ferment the bacterial classification formula of base and mass percent as follows: mass ratio according to bafillus natto 50%, penicillium oxalicum 15%, bacillus megaterium 15%, the ratio of hot common streptomycete 20% mixes, the bacterial content of solid fermentation substrate be 4-6 hundred million/gram.
Its preparation technology is with embodiment 1.
The effect that AT fermentation base becomes thoroughly decomposed to inapplicable tobacco leaf high temperature:
1. experiment purpose
By different disposal to become thoroughly decomposed in the rotten test of inapplicable tobacco leaf heap temperature, total N, P, K; C/N, AT ferment the contrast of base (penicillium oxalicum, hot common streptomycete) on the adaptability of nicotine, the dynamic change of seed germination index (GI) and the impact on inapplicable tobacco leaf quality of compost products thereof; illustrate that AT fermentation base has relative advantage to inapplicable tobacco leaf process, for scale process provides foundation.
2. experiment material
2.1 inapplicable tobacco leaves: tobacco leaf is directly pulverized
The physical and chemical index of inapplicable tobacco leaf: (cigarette stalk content is about 0.3-1.1% for N:1.11% P:0.58% K:1.64% nicotine (Nicotine) popular name nicotine, tobacco leaf content: be about 1-3%, has any different because tobacco bred is different.
2.2 nutritional supplements: mass ratio is the wheat bran of 1:1 and the mixture of corn flour
The AT fermentation base of 2.3 embodiment of the present invention 1
2.4 general decomposing microbial inoculums: adopt decomposing microbial inoculum disclosed in Chinese patent CN101838613A.
3. experimental technique
3.1 experiment process
| Process | Combination |
| Process one | Inapplicable tobacco leaf (70%)+nutritional supplements (30%) |
| Process two | Inapplicable tobacco leaf (70%)+nutritional supplements (30%)+general decomposing microbial inoculum (1 ‰) |
| Process three | AT fermentation base (1 ‰) of inapplicable tobacco leaf (70%)+nutritional supplements (30%)+embodiment 1 |
3.2 compost method
Fermentate moisture 50-60%, heap is long not to be limit, and piles wide 1.5m, piles high 0.8m
3.3 research object
Temperature, total N, P, K, C/N, percentage of seedgermination, AT ferment base (penicillium oxalicum, the hot common streptomycete) adaptability to nicotine.
4. experimental result and analysis
Result shows, interpolation AT fermentation base shortens the time that inapplicable tobacco leaf compost reaches a high temperature, extend the pyrolytic duration, increase total nitrogen content, accelerate the degradation rate of material N, P, K and C/N ratio, improve seed germination index (GI), AT fermentation base (penicillium oxalicum, hot common streptomycete) has compatibility, adaptability to cigarette stalk and the nicotine be not suitable with in tobacco leaf, can decompose inapplicable tobacco leaf.Accelerate inapplicable tobacco leaf compost maturity process.
4.1 AT ferment base to inapplicable tobacco fermentation temperature in impact
When processing a 24h, temperature is 35 DEG C, and maximum temperature is 48 DEG C; When processing two 24h, temperature is 45 DEG C, and enter the pyrolytic stage during 3d, maximum temperature is 56 DEG C, high-temperature duration 3d; When processing three 24h, temperature is 55 DEG C, and namely the same day enters the pyrolytic stage, and maximum temperature reaches 68 DEG C, high-temperature duration 7-10d.Process three comparatively processes two and shifts to an earlier date 2d and enter the pyrolytic stage, and high-temperature duration extends 4-6d respectively, and process three maximum temperatures are apparently higher than process two and process one, exceed 12 DEG C, 20 DEG C respectively.
Research finds, lignocellulosic is mainly decomposed at hot stage, and the high temperature bacteria strain that AT ferments in base accelerates heap body and heats up, and accelerates the decomposition of lignocellulose material in compost substrate, thus shortens the cycle of compost maturity.
4.2 AT ferment base to inapplicable quality of tobacco in impact
It is as follows that three kinds of process survey its nutrient composition content after fully becoming thoroughly decomposed respectively:
| Process | N（%） | P（%） | K（%） |
| Process one | 0.99 | 1.58 | 2.64 |
| Process two | 1.09 | 2.08 | 3.15 |
| Process three | 1.11 | 2.83 | 4.33 |
The process adding AT fermentation base microbial inoculum significantly can increase total N, P, K nutrient content of inapplicable tobacco leaf composting production.Process two N increase by 10.1% more total than process one, total P increases by 31.6%, and total K increases by 19.3%; Process three N increase by 1.8% more total than process two, total P increases by 36.1%, and total K increases by 37.5%.
In inapplicable tobacco leaf, the nutritive element content such as P, K is higher, but many and organicly form compound, can not be used effectively, and AT ferments in base the bacterial classification decomposing organophosphor, organic potassium specially, thus promotes that in inapplicable tobacco leaf, P, K ingredient breakdown discharges.
4.3 C/N
Compost needs suitable C/N, and one to remove in compost the C/N requiring to be suitable for be (25-30): 1, when C/N is too low, can not provide enough energy substances for microorganism, when C/N is too high, and aerobic requirements raising in composting process and produce a large amount of foul smell.The C/N of inapplicable tobacco leaf is higher by about 36, makes conditioner by nutritional supplements (wheat bran, corn flour), regulates the C/N of compost to about 25.
C/N be compost maturity an important indicator, when C/N reaches (15-20): when 1, think compost maturity.
Compost maturity is to 3d, and when when the C/N ratio of process one, two, three is respectively 28.7,27.1,26.8,7d, the C/N ratio of process one, two, three is respectively 25.8,23.3,22.1,11d, the C/N of process three is down to 18.6, reaches the standard of becoming thoroughly decomposed.As can be seen here, the tobacco heap ferment effect adding AT fermentation base is obviously better.
4.3 AT ferment base to seed germination index (GI) in impact
The phytotoxicity measuring compost by biological method checks the effective ways of compost maturity, and seed germination index is innoxious, the important indicator of degree of stability.
To compost 7d, the germination index of each process seed is respectively: 28.8%, 58.2%, 82.1%, wherein the fastest with the germination index rate of climb processing three, to compost to 15d, the germination index of each process seed is respectively: 66.8%, 72%, 86%, process three meets requirement of becoming thoroughly decomposed completely.Add AT fermentation base and effectively can improve seed germination index.
4.4 AT fermentation base (penicillium oxalicum, the hot common streptomycete) adaptability to nicotine
Fermented by AT base and common decomposing agent makes the bacterium liquid of equal proportion, is inoculated into respectively with in inapplicable tobacco leaf matrix, observes their growing state.Found that, inoculation 24h after AT ferment base inapplicable tobacco leaf matrix on start to occur white hypha, a large amount of white hyphas has been grown to during 48h, and the inapplicable tobacco leaf matrix now inoculating common decomposing agent only has a small amount of mycelia, subsequently, about sustainable several days of the mycelia that the inapplicable tobacco leaf matrix that inoculation AT ferments base is covered with vein surface, simultaneously generating portion spore.The mycelia inoculating the inapplicable tobacco leaf matrix of common decomposing agent does not significantly change.Add AT fermentation base (mould, strepto-) as can be seen here, to the nicotine be not suitable with in tobacco leaf, there is stronger compatibility, adaptability.
5. experiment conclusion:
1. do not add in the process of the rotten fermentation of inapplicable tobacco leaf heap of microbial inoculum, programming rate is slow, and can not enter the pyrolytic stage, seed germination index is lower, and becoming thoroughly decomposed process is comparatively slow, and degree of becoming thoroughly decomposed is lower.
2, adding an inapplicable tobacco leaf removing decomposing microbial inoculum piles in rotten sweat, and programming rate is comparatively slow, and the time entering the pyrolytic stage is longer, and high-temperature duration is shorter, and has inhibitory action to most microbial inoculum.
3. it is very fast that the inapplicable tobacco leaf adding AT fermenting agent piles programming rate in rotten process, heap body enters rapidly the pyrolytic stage, high-temperature duration extends, shorten the compost fermentation time, can promote that C/N reduces, significantly improve seed germination index, and the total nitrogen of composting production, the content of total phosphorus, always potassium can be significantly improved, improve the quality of composting production.
Claims (3)
1. an inapplicable tobacco leaf method for innocent treatment, it is characterized in that: the collection comprising inapplicable tobacco leaf, pulverize, autoclave sterilization process, fermentation step, the concrete technology of described fermentation step is: by inapplicable tobacco leaf, nutrient source material and auxiliary material are the ratio mixing of 70-75:10-20:10-20 in mass ratio, regulate moisture to 50-60%, add the AT fermentation base of 0.5-1 ‰ fermentate total amount, above-mentioned fermentation materials is sent in fermentation tank, maintain 60 ~ 75 DEG C of fermentations 7 ~ 10 days, stir turning every day 2 times, after temperature declines, middle cold fermentation is carried out at 45-55 DEG C, 5-10 days fermentation ends, fermentation materials is dried tobacco leaf becomes thoroughly decomposed material,
Bacterial classification formula and the mass percent thereof of described AT fermentation base are as follows: bafillus natto 5-50%, penicillium oxalicum HB09-4 5-50%, bacillus megaterium 5-50%, hot common streptomycete HD12-4 10-70%;
Refer to that tobacco leaf carries out high temperature high pressure process in high-temperature high-pressure separator in described autoclave sterilization treatment process, in described high-temperature high-pressure separator, knockout drum pressure is 0.5-0.6MPa, and temperature is 158-164 DEG C.
2. inapplicable tobacco leaf method for innocent treatment according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described nutrient source is chicken manure or rapeseed dregs or both mixtures.
3. inapplicable tobacco leaf method for innocent treatment according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described auxiliary material is corn flour or wheat bran or both mixtures.
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