CN112970513A - Photosynthetic cultivation system and cultivation method for hypsizygus marmoreus - Google Patents
Photosynthetic cultivation system and cultivation method for hypsizygus marmoreus Download PDFInfo
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- CN112970513A CN112970513A CN202110422680.6A CN202110422680A CN112970513A CN 112970513 A CN112970513 A CN 112970513A CN 202110422680 A CN202110422680 A CN 202110422680A CN 112970513 A CN112970513 A CN 112970513A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/30—Accessories for use before inoculation of spawn, e.g. sterilisers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
- A01G18/62—Racks; Trays
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
- A01G18/64—Cultivation containers; Lids therefor
- A01G18/66—Cultivation bags
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
- A01G18/69—Arrangements for managing the environment, e.g. sprinklers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a photosynthetic cultivation system and a photosynthetic cultivation method for hypsizygus marmoreus, wherein the cultivation system comprises a planting shed, the outer side wall of the planting shed is provided with a controller, the controller is connected with a ventilation system and a temperature control system through electric signals, and the ventilation system is arranged on the inner side wall of the top of the planting shed; a temperature control system is arranged on the right side of the ventilation system and is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the top of the planting shed; a plurality of planting frames are arranged in the planting shed; a lamp bracket is arranged between the planting frames, and sprayers are arranged on the sides of the planting frames far away from the lamp bracket; the sprayer is connected with the controller through an electric signal; the bottom end of the lamp bracket is connected with the bottom surface of the planting shed in a sliding mode through a sliding device; impression factors such as light quality, illumination intensity, ventilation volume, humidity, temperature and the like are optimized in the cultivation system, so that the marketability and the yield of the hypsizygus marmoreus are high and consistent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agricultural planting, in particular to a photosynthetic cultivation system and a photosynthetic cultivation method for hypsizygus marmoreus.
Background
The hypsizygus marmoreus belongs to low-temperature type grassy fungi, and has high nutritional value and medicinal value, pure white color, fleshy and thick flesh, delicate mouthfeel, fragrant smell and delicious taste. The protein of the hypsizygus marmoreus contains various amino acids, including 8 amino acids necessary for human body, and also contains a plurality of polysaccharides, and the hot water and organic solvent extract of the fruiting body of the hypsizygus marmoreus has the function of eliminating free radicals of the human body, so that the hypsizygus marmoreus has the effects of resisting cancer, preventing cancer, improving immunity, preventing aging and prolonging life when eating frequently; in recent years, edible fungus treasure which is highly popular with consumers enjoys the reputation of "mushroom in smell and Hypsizygus marmoreus in Japan". In the planting process of the hypsizygus marmoreus, the yield and the commodity of the hypsizygus marmoreus at different positions in the same planting shed are obviously different, the commodity and the yield of the hypsizygus marmoreus are influenced by various factors, and the commodity and the yield of the planted hypsizygus marmoreus cannot be ensured by the conventional hypsizygus marmoreus planting shed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a photosynthetic cultivation system and a photosynthetic cultivation method for hypsizygus marmoreus, so that the commodity and the yield of the hypsizygus marmoreus are improved.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a photosynthetic cultivation system for hypsizygus marmoreus comprises a planting shed, wherein a controller is arranged on the outer side wall of the planting shed, the controller is connected with a ventilation system and a temperature control system through electric signals, and the ventilation system is arranged on the inner side wall of the top of the planting shed; a temperature control system is arranged on the right side of the ventilation system and is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the top of the planting shed; a lamp bracket is arranged among a plurality of planting frames in the planting shed, and sprayers are arranged on the sides of the planting frames far away from the lamp bracket; the sprayer and the lamp holder are both arranged in parallel with the planting frame; the sprayer is connected with the controller through an electric signal; the bottom end of the lamp bracket is connected with the bottom surface of the planting shed in a sliding mode through a sliding device.
According to the invention, the stereoscopic rotatable planting frame is adopted, so that each fungus bag is uniformly illuminated in the planting process of the hypsizygus marmoreus, the fungus bags are uniformly sterilized and humidified, and the carbon dioxide content in the planting shed is controlled through a ventilation system; the temperature control system is linked with the ventilation system to control the temperature in the planting shed; controlling the humidity in the planting shed through a controller; the controller controls the movement of the sliding block to adjust the illumination intensity; the seafood mushroom cultivation system has the advantages that the commodity of seafood mushrooms planted on the planting frames at different positions in the planting shed is good and consistent, and the yield of the seafood mushrooms is effectively improved by controlling the light quality, the illumination intensity, the ventilation volume and the temperature.
The ventilation system comprises a carbon dioxide detector, the output end of the carbon dioxide detector is connected with the controller through an electric signal, and the controller is connected with a ventilator through an electric signal; the ventilator is arranged on the inner wall of the shed top of the planting shed, the carbon dioxide detector is arranged on the right side of the ventilator, and the carbon dioxide detector is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the shed top of the planting shed; the carbon dioxide detector is a JK50-CO2 fixed carbon dioxide detector; the ventilator is a Jiuzhou Puhui 4-72 centrifugal fan; ventilation system control plants the air volume of canopy, guarantees the commodity nature of seafood mushroom when improving seafood mushroom output.
The temperature control system comprises a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor, and the output end of the temperature sensor and the output end of the humidity sensor are respectively connected with the controller through electric signals; the temperature sensor is arranged on the right side of the carbon dioxide detector; the humidity sensor is arranged on the right side of the temperature sensor; the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor are both fixedly connected with the inner wall of the ceiling of the planting shed; the temperature sensor is a thermometer sensor for building a warehouse greenhouse of the kernel department; the humidity sensor SHT2 series temperature and humidity sensor; the temperature control system controls the temperature of each stage of growth of the hypsizygus marmoreus in the planting shed, and the commodity of the hypsizygus marmoreus is guaranteed while the yield of the hypsizygus marmoreus is improved.
Furthermore, the lamp holder is provided with an ultraviolet lamp tube and a blue light lamp tube, the ultraviolet lamp tube and the blue light lamp tube are arranged on the lamp holder at intervals, the ultraviolet lamp tube is used for sterilizing the cultivation material, the growth process of the hypsizygus marmoreus is guaranteed to be free of the influence of sundry bacteria, the blue light lamp tube is used for providing a light source required by the growth of the hypsizygus marmoreus, the yield increasing function is achieved, the hypsizygus marmoreus grown under the blue light has the advantages of large mushroom cap, thick mushroom stem, straight mushroom body, high ratio of finished mushroom and short mushroom.
The planting frame comprises a rotating base, wherein the top surface of the rotating base is fixedly connected with a vertical rod, a plurality of cross rods are uniformly arranged on the vertical rod in a penetrating mode at intervals, and the top of the vertical rod is provided with an illumination intensity sensor; the illumination intensity sensor is connected with the controller through an electric signal; the illumination sensor is a GY-30 illumination sensor; so that the fungus bags are uniformly illuminated and humidified, and the commercial quality of the hypsizygus marmoreus growing on the fungus bags is basically consistent.
The sliding device comprises a sliding rail and a sliding block, the sliding block is arranged in the sliding rail, and the top surface of the sliding block is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the lamp holder; the sliding device is connected with the controller through an electric signal; the illumination sensor transmits signals to the controller, so that the movement of the sliding device is controlled, and the purpose of controlling the illumination intensity is achieved.
A cultivation method of hypsizygus marmoreus comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a cultivation material, namely uniformly mixing lignin powder, soybean meal, corn flour, corncobs, bran, lime and light calcium carbonate to obtain the cultivation material;
s2: bagging and sterilizing, namely, filling the cultivation material in a low-pressure polyethylene corner folding bag, controlling the water content of the cultivation material to be 60-70% to obtain a culture bag, placing the culture bag on the planting frame, and opening an ultraviolet lamp for sterilization;
s3: inoculating, wherein an inoculating person performs inoculation under an aseptic condition to obtain a fungus bag, and the weight of the fungus bag is 1.00-1.30 kg;
s4: spawn running, namely adjusting the temperature in the culture room to 20-25 ℃ by using the temperature control system, and controlling the relative humidity of air to be 60-65% by using the sprayer; opening a ventilation system, ventilating for 3-4 times every day, ventilating for more than 30min every time, controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide in the planting shed to be 0.1-0.2%, and culturing the fungus bags in the dark for 90-115d to obtain spawn running fungus bags;
s5: scratching the fungi, namely opening a fungus scratching bag of a fungus-growing bag by using a special fungus scratching machine for scratching the fungi, injecting water into the culture bag after scratching the fungi, pouring all the injected water after 1 hour, and ventilating by using a ventilation system to obtain the fungus scratching bag;
s6: bud forcing: ventilating the ventilation system after mycelium stimulation, controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide at 0.1%, placing mycelium stimulation bags in a planting shed, intermittently illuminating the mycelium stimulation bags, and recording hypha recovery time, hypha skin thickness, bud formation time and mushroom bud density;
s7: and (3) fruiting, after fruiting buds appear, controlling the cultivation temperature at 15 ℃, controlling the relative humidity of air at 90-95% through the sprayer, ventilating through the ventilation system, intermittently illuminating the mycelium stimulation bags, cultivating for 26d, harvesting, and recording the fresh weight of the hypsizygus marmoreus.
The culture method provided by the invention is used for culturing the hypsizygus marmoreus under the conditions of the optimal weight of the fungus bag, the culture time, the light quality, the illumination intensity and the ventilation quantity of the fungus bag, so that the cultured hypsizygus marmoreus has better commodity, and the yield can be improved by 40% to the maximum.
Preferably, the formula of the cultivation material is 33% of lignin powder, 4% of soybean meal, 5% of corn flour, 42% of corncob, 11% of bran, 3% of lime and 2% of light calcium.
Further, the inoculation in step S3 includes age definition, surface determination and inoculation check, wherein the age definition defines the age of the fungus after the fungus is fully distributed in the culture medium for 10-15 days; the surface is judged to judge whether the strain is accompanied by the physiological maturity sign or not and whether the cross section of the strain body is light beige or light pink oil; the inoculation inspection is to carefully inspect whether the used strains have mixed bacteria and poor growth during inoculation; ensuring the normal growth of the inoculated strains.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the cultivation system, the cultivation frame, the lamp frame and the spraying device are arranged, so that the fungus bags are subjected to uniform disinfection and sterilization, the seafood mushrooms are subjected to uniform illumination and humidification, the commercial quality and the yield of the seafood mushrooms at any positions in the cultivation shed are consistent, and large differences cannot be generated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a structure of an incubation system;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the incubation system;
the method comprises the following steps of 1-planting shed, 2-temperature control system, 21-temperature sensor, 22-humidity sensor, 3-ventilation system, 31-ventilator, 32-carbon dioxide detector, 4-controller, 5-planting frame, 51-rotating base, 52-cross bar, 53-vertical bar, 54-illumination intensity sensor, 6-sprayer, 7-lamp frame, 71-ultraviolet lamp tube, 72-blue light lamp tube, 8-sliding device, 81-sliding rail and 82-sliding block.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.
The utility model provides a photosynthetic cultivation system of hypsizygus marmoreus which characterized in that: the device comprises a planting shed 1, wherein a controller 4 is arranged on the outer side wall of the planting shed 1, the controller 4 is connected with a ventilation system 3 and a temperature control system 2 through electric signals, and the ventilation system 3 is arranged on the inner side wall of the top of the planting shed 1; a temperature control system 2 is arranged on the right side of the ventilation system 3, and the temperature control system 2 is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the top of the planting shed 1; a plurality of planting frames 5 are arranged in the planting shed 1; a lamp bracket 7 is arranged between the planting frames 5, and sprayers 6 are arranged on one sides of the planting frames 5 far away from the lamp bracket 7; the sprayer 6 and the lamp holder 7 are both arranged in parallel with the planting frame 5; the sprayer 6 is connected with the controller 4 through an electric signal; the bottom end of the lamp bracket 7 is connected with the bottom surface of the planting shed 1 in a sliding mode through a sliding device 8.
According to the invention, the ventilation quantity of the planting shed 1 in different growth stages of the hypsizygus marmoreus is controlled through the ventilation system 3, and the concentration of carbon dioxide in the planting shed 1 is controlled; the temperature control system 2 is linked with the ventilation system 3 to control the temperature of the planting shed 1 at different growth stages of the hypsizygus marmoreus; the movement of the sliding block 82 is controlled by the controller 4 to adjust the illumination intensity; the humidity in the planting shed 1 is adjusted through a controller 4; the hypsizygus marmoreus is cultured under the optimal ventilation quantity, temperature, light quality and illumination intensity, and the commodity and the yield of the hypsizygus marmoreus are improved; and planting frame 5 keeps uniform velocity rotary motion in the hypsizygus marmoreus cultivation process for every fungus package obtains even illumination and humidification, guarantees that every fungus package is in the hypsizygus marmoreus commodity of gathering when planting canopy 1's different positions is unanimous, and output is unanimous.
The ventilation system 3 comprises a carbon dioxide detector 32, the output end of the carbon dioxide detector 32 is connected with the controller 4 through an electric signal, and the controller 4 is connected with a ventilator 31 through an electric signal; the ventilator 31 is arranged on the inner wall of the ceiling of the planting shed 1, the carbon dioxide detector 32 is arranged on the right side of the ventilator 31, and the carbon dioxide detector 32 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the ceiling of the planting shed 1; the ventilation system 3 detects the concentration of carbon dioxide in the planting shed 1 through the carbon dioxide detector 32, when the concentration of carbon dioxide in the planting shed 1 is too high, the carbon dioxide detector 32 transmits a signal to the controller 4, and the controller 4 controls the ventilator 31 to ventilate.
The temperature control system 2 comprises a temperature sensor 21 and a humidity sensor 22, and the output end of the temperature sensor 21 and the output end of the humidity sensor 22 are respectively connected with the controller 4 through electric signals; the temperature sensor 21 is arranged on the right side of the carbon dioxide detector 32; the humidity sensor 22 is arranged at the right side of the temperature sensor 21; the temperature sensor 21 and the humidity sensor 22 are both fixedly connected with the inner wall of the ceiling of the planting shed 1; temperature sensor 21 will detect temperature transmission in planting canopy 1 gives the controller, the controller control the ventilation blower 31 with atomizer 6 carries out work, is guaranteeing plant under the condition of each growth stage of the suitable sea fresh mushroom of carbon dioxide concentration and humidity in canopy 1, adjust plant the temperature in canopy 1, the temperature of guaranteeing to plant in the canopy 1 is suitable for each growth stage of sea fresh mushroom.
The planting frame 5 comprises a rotating base 51, a vertical rod 53 is fixedly connected to the top surface of the rotating base 51, a plurality of cross rods 52 penetrate through the vertical rod 53 at even intervals, and an illumination intensity sensor 54 is arranged at the top of the vertical rod 53; the illumination intensity sensor 54 is connected with the controller 4 through an electric signal; the sliding device 8 comprises a sliding rail 81 and a sliding block 82, the sliding block 82 is arranged in the sliding rail 81, and the top surface of the sliding block 82 is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the lamp holder 7; the sliding device 8 and the sprayer 6 are respectively connected with the controller 4 through electric signals, the lamp holder 7 is provided with an ultraviolet lamp tube 71 and a blue light lamp tube 72, and the ultraviolet lamp tube 71 and the blue light lamp tube 72 are arranged at intervals; the illumination sensor 54 transmits a signal to the controller 4, and the controller 4 controls the sliding block 82 to move so as to adjust the illumination intensity of the hypsizygus marmoreus; the planting frame 5 rotates at a constant speed through the rotating base 51, so that the hypsizygus marmoreus is uniformly illuminated; the light source is preferably blue light, provided by the blue light tube 72; the ultraviolet lamp tube 71 is used for sterilizing the fungus bag.
Example 1: investigation experiment for different culture times
A cultivation method of hypsizygus marmoreus comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a cultivation material, and uniformly mixing 33% of lignin powder, 4% of soybean meal, 5% of corn flour, 42% of corncob, 11% of bran, 3% of lime and 2% of light calcium to obtain the cultivation material;
s2: bagging and sterilizing, namely filling the cultivation material in low-pressure polyethylene corner folding bags, controlling the water content of the cultivation material to be 65% to obtain cultivation bags, placing the cultivation bags on the planting frames 5, and opening the ultraviolet lamp tubes 71 for sterilization treatment;
s3: inoculating, wherein an inoculating person performs inoculation under an aseptic condition to obtain a fungus bag, and the weight of the fungus bag is 1.00 kg;
s4: spawn running, namely adjusting the temperature in the culture room to 22 ℃ by using the temperature control system 2, and controlling the relative humidity of air to 63% by using the sprayer 6; opening a ventilation system 3, ventilating for 3 times every day, ventilating for 45min every time, controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide in the planting shed 1 to be 0.2%, selecting 72 fungus bags with the same weight, taking 12 fungus bags as a group, respectively culturing each group of fungus bags under a dark condition, and respectively culturing for 90d, 95d, 100d, 105d, 110d and 115d to obtain fungus bags;
s5: scratching the fungi, opening a fungus scratching bag of the fungus-producing fungi bag by using a special fungus scratching machine, injecting water into the culture bag after scratching the fungi, pouring all the injected water after 1 hour, ventilating for 10 minutes every 30 minutes by using a ventilation system 3, wherein the ventilation rate is high air flow, and thus obtaining the fungus scratching bags;
s6: bud forcing: after mycelium stimulation, ventilating the ventilation system 3 for 10min every 30min, wherein the ventilation rate is large air volume, the concentration of carbon dioxide is controlled to be 0.15%, placing mycelium stimulation bags into the planting shed 1, intermittently illuminating the mycelium stimulation bags under white light with illumination intensity of 50lx, and recording hypha recovery time, hypha skin thickness, bud outlet time and mushroom bud density;
s7: and (3) fruiting, after mushroom buds appear, controlling the cultivation temperature at 15 ℃, controlling the relative humidity of air at 93% through the sprayer 6, ventilating the ventilation system 3 for 10min every 30min, wherein the ventilation rate is large air volume, intermittently illuminating the mycelium stimulation bags under white light with illumination intensity of 250lx, harvesting after culturing for 26d, and recording the fresh weight of the hypsizygus marmoreus, wherein the planting data are shown in table 1.
Table 1: research experimental data of different culture times
| Incubation time/d | Hypha recovery time/d | Thickness of fungal skin | Bud emergence time/d | Density of mushroom buds/d | Fresh mushroom yield/(g/bag) |
| 90 | 4 | Medium thickness | 9 | Sparse | 370±30.2 |
| 95 | 4 | Medium thickness | 9 | Sparse | 392±31.3 |
| 100 | 4 | Medium thickness | 8 | Sparse | 425±29.1 |
| 105 | 4 | Medium thickness | 8 | Is denser | 483±26.3 |
| 110 | 4 | |
7 | Is denser | 456±36.1 |
| 115 | 4 | |
7 | Is denser | 435±32.5 |
Note: n is 12. For pairwise comparison between fresh mushroom yields, different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P < 0.05)
As shown in Table 1, the yield of Hypsizygus marmoreus was gradually increased with the increase of the cultivation time, but the cultivation was continued after the cultivation material was sufficiently decomposed, and the yield was decreased, so that the optimum cultivation time was 105 d.
Example 2: study experiment of fungus bag weight
A cultivation method of hypsizygus marmoreus comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a cultivation material, and uniformly mixing 33% of lignin powder, 4% of soybean meal, 5% of corn flour, 42% of corncob, 11% of bran, 3% of lime and 2% of light calcium to obtain the cultivation material;
s2: bagging and sterilizing, namely filling the cultivation material in low-pressure polyethylene corner folding bags, controlling the water content of the cultivation material to be 65% to obtain cultivation bags, placing the cultivation bags on the planting frames 5, and opening the ultraviolet lamp tubes 71 for sterilization treatment;
s3: inoculating, wherein an inoculator performs inoculation under an aseptic condition to obtain fungus bags, 84 groups of the fungus bags are selected, 12 fungus bags are taken as one group, and the weight of each group of the fungus bags is 1.00kg, 1.05kg, 1.10kg, 1.15kg, 1.20kg, 1.25kg and 1.30kg respectively;
s4: spawn running, namely adjusting the temperature in the culture room to 22 ℃ by using the temperature control system 2, and controlling the relative humidity of air to 63% by using the sprayer 6; opening a ventilation system 3, ventilating for 3 times every day, ventilating for 45min every time, controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide in the planting shed 1 to be 0.2%, selecting 72 fungus bags with the same weight, and culturing each group of fungus bags in a group of 12 fungus bags for 105d under a dark condition to obtain fungus-growing fungus bags;
s5: scratching the fungi, opening a fungus scratching bag of the fungus-producing fungi bag by using a special fungus scratching machine, injecting water into the culture bag after scratching the fungi, pouring all the injected water after 1 hour, ventilating for 10 minutes every 30 minutes by using a ventilation system 3, wherein the ventilation rate is high air flow, and thus obtaining the fungus scratching bags;
s6: bud forcing: after mycelium stimulation, ventilating the ventilation system 3 for 10min every 30min, wherein the ventilation rate is large air volume, the concentration of carbon dioxide is controlled to be 0.15%, placing mycelium stimulation bags into the planting shed 1, intermittently illuminating the mycelium stimulation bags under white light with illumination intensity of 50lx, and recording hypha recovery time, hypha skin thickness, bud outlet time and mushroom bud density;
s7: and (3) fruiting, after fruiting buds appear, controlling the cultivation temperature at 15 ℃, controlling the relative humidity of air at 93% through the sprayer 6, ventilating the ventilation system 3 for 10min every 30min, wherein the ventilation rate is large air volume, opening the blue light lamp tube 72, intermittently illuminating the mycelium stimulation bags under white light with the illumination intensity of 250lx, harvesting after culturing for 26d, and recording the fresh weight of the hypsizygus marmoreus, wherein the planting data are shown in table 2.
Table 2: study experiment data of fungus bag weight
Note: n is 12. For pairwise comparison between fresh mushroom yields, different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P < 0.05)
As shown in Table 2, the heavier the fungus bag, the more nutrients are, the yield naturally increases, but the commercial property of the Hypsizygus marmoreus is affected, the optimal weight of the fungus bag is 1.25kg, and the yield and commercial property of the Hypsizygus marmoreus are both high and good
Example 3: light quality and illumination intensity exploration experiment
A cultivation method of hypsizygus marmoreus comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a cultivation material, and uniformly mixing 33% of lignin powder, 4% of soybean meal, 5% of corn flour, 42% of corncob, 11% of bran, 3% of lime and 2% of light calcium to obtain the cultivation material;
s2: bagging and sterilizing, namely filling the cultivation material in low-pressure polyethylene corner folding bags, controlling the water content of the cultivation material to be 65% to obtain cultivation bags, placing the cultivation bags on the planting frames 5, and opening the ultraviolet lamp tubes 71 for sterilization treatment;
s3: inoculating, wherein an inoculating person performs inoculation under an aseptic condition to obtain a fungus bag, and the weight of the fungus bag is 1.25 kg;
s4: spawn running, namely adjusting the temperature in the culture room to 22 ℃ by using the temperature control system 2, and controlling the relative humidity of air to 63% by using the sprayer 6; opening a ventilation system 3, ventilating for 3 times every day, ventilating for 45min every time, controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide in the planting shed 1 to be 0.2%, and culturing the fungus bags in the dark for 105d to obtain fungus growing bags;
s5: scratching the fungi, opening a fungus scratching bag of the fungus-producing fungi bag by using a special fungus scratching machine, injecting water into the culture bag after scratching the fungi, pouring all the injected water after 1 hour, ventilating for 10 minutes every 30 minutes by using a ventilation system 3, wherein the ventilation rate is high air flow, and thus obtaining the fungus scratching bags;
s6: bud forcing: after scratching, ventilating the ventilation system 3 for 10min every 30min, controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide at 0.15% and selecting fungus scratching bags, wherein each 12 bags of fungus scratching bags form a group, putting the fungus scratching bags into a planting shed 1, intermittently irradiating the fungus scratching bags under the white light, blue light and yellow light with the illumination intensity of 10lx, 50lx and 100lx respectively, and recording the hypha recovery time, the fungus skin thickness, the bud outlet time and the mushroom bud density;
s7: and (3) fruiting, after mushroom buds appear, controlling the cultivation temperature at 15 ℃, controlling the relative humidity of air at 93% through the sprayer 6, ventilating the ventilation system 3 for 10min every 30min, wherein the ventilation rate is high air volume, intermittently illuminating the mycelium stimulation bags under white light, blue light and yellow light with illumination intensities of 200lx, 250lx and 300lx respectively, harvesting after culturing for 26d, and recording the fresh weight of the hypsizygus marmoreus, wherein the planting data are shown in table 3.
Table 3: light quality and illumination intensity exploration experiment
Note: n is 12. For pairwise comparison between fresh mushroom yields, different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P < 0.05)
As shown in table 3, the yield of hypsizygus marmoreus planted under blue light and white light is high and close, the yield of hypsizygus marmoreus planted under yellow light is relatively low, the stipe of hypsizygus marmoreus planted under yellow light is long and thin, the pileus is small, the stipe of hypsizygus marmoreus planted under blue light is straight, short and thick, the pileus is large, the stipe of hypsizygus marmoreus planted under white light is straight, short and thick, the pileus is large, in summary, the hypsizygus marmoreus is planted by selecting white light or blue light, the illumination intensity is 50lx when performing bud forcing, the illumination intensity is 250lx when performing fruiting, the invention preferably selects a blue light source, and the light source in the cultivation.
Example 4: exploration experiment of different ventilation volumes
A cultivation method of hypsizygus marmoreus comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a cultivation material, and uniformly mixing 33% of lignin powder, 4% of soybean meal, 5% of corn flour, 42% of corncob, 11% of bran, 3% of lime and 2% of light calcium to obtain the cultivation material;
s2: bagging and sterilizing, namely filling the cultivation material in low-pressure polyethylene corner folding bags, controlling the water content of the cultivation material to be 65% to obtain cultivation bags, placing the cultivation bags on the planting frames 5, and opening the ultraviolet lamp tubes 71 for sterilization treatment;
s3: inoculating, wherein an inoculating person performs inoculation under an aseptic condition to obtain a fungus bag, and the weight of the fungus bag is 1.25 kg;
s4: spawn running, namely adjusting the temperature in the culture room to 22 ℃ by using the temperature control system 2, and controlling the relative humidity of air to 63% by using the sprayer 6; opening a ventilation system 3, ventilating for 3 times every day, ventilating for 45min every time, controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide in the planting shed 1 to be 0.2%, and culturing the fungus bags in the dark for 105d to obtain fungus growing bags;
s5: scratching the fungi, opening a fungus scratching bag of the fungus-producing fungi bag by using a special fungus scratching machine, injecting water into the culture bag after scratching the fungi, pouring all the injected water after 1 hour, ventilating for 10 minutes every 30 minutes by using a ventilation system 3, wherein the ventilation rate is high air flow, and thus obtaining the fungus scratching bags;
s6: bud forcing: after fungus scratching, ventilating the ventilation system 3 every 30min for 10min, wherein the ventilation rates are respectively large air volume, medium air volume and small air volume, selecting fungus scratching bags, forming a group of 12 bags, culturing under the ventilation conditions of large air volume, medium air volume and small air volume, controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide at 0.15%, intermittently illuminating the fungus scratching bags under the blue light with the illumination intensity of 50lx, and recording the recovery time of hyphae, the thickness of fungus skin, the bud outlet time and the density of mushroom buds;
s7: and (3) fruiting, after fruiting buds appear, controlling the cultivation temperature at 15 ℃, controlling the relative humidity of air at 93% through the sprayer 6, ventilating for 10min every 30min through the ventilation system 3, wherein the ventilation rates are respectively large air volume, medium air volume and small air volume, intermittently illuminating the mycelium stimulation bags under the blue light with the illumination intensity of 250lx, harvesting after cultivation for 26d, and recording the fresh weight of the hypsizygus marmoreus, wherein the planting data are shown in table 4.
Table 4: experimental data for exploring different ventilation volumes
| Group of | Hypha recovery time/d | Thickness of fungal skin | Bud emergence time/d | Density of mushroom buds/d | Fresh mushroom yield/(g/bag) |
| Large ventilation volume | 3 | Is thick and thick | 7 | Secret key | 543±21.5 |
| Middle ventilation volume | 4 | Medium thickness | 8 | Is denser | 521±16.8 |
| Small ventilation volume | 4 | Thick villous hypha | 9 | Sparse | 504±21.6 |
Note: n is 12. Two-by-two comparison between fresh mushroom yields, different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P < 0.05).
As shown in Table 4, the fungus bags with large ventilation volume have quick recovery of hyphae, thick fungus skin, large number of mushroom buds and high yield; the fungus bag with small ventilation volume has thick fungus skin, is easy to grow villous hyphae, has sparse mushroom buds and has low yield; the fungus skin of the fungus bag with medium ventilation quantity is medium-thick, the bud is late, the mushroom bud is sparse, and the yield is high; the ventilation quantity is large, and the mushroom cover is larger; the ventilation volume is small, the mushroom cover is reduced, and the ventilation volume is the best large ventilation volume with ventilation for 10min every 30min under the condition of not influencing the quality of the hypsizygus marmoreus.
In conclusion, when the hypsizygus marmoreus is planted, the culture time is 105d, the weight of a fungus bag is 1.25kg, a light source is blue light or white light, the illumination intensity during bud forcing is 50lx, the illumination intensity during fruiting is 250lx, the ventilation condition is that large air volume is introduced every 30min for 10min as the optimal culture condition, the commercial property of the hypsizygus marmoreus planted under the planting condition is optimal, the yield is highest, and the yield can be improved by 40% compared with the existing hypsizygus marmoreus planting method.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of this invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise form disclosed herein and that various other combinations, modifications, and environments may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the concept as disclosed herein, either as described above or as apparent to those skilled in the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a photosynthetic cultivation system of hypsizygus marmoreus which characterized in that: the greenhouse comprises a planting shed (1), wherein a controller (4) is arranged on the outer side wall of the planting shed (1), the controller (4) is connected with a ventilation system (3) and a temperature control system (2) through electric signals, and the ventilation system (3) is arranged on the inner side wall of the top of the planting shed (1); a temperature control system (2) is arranged on the right side of the ventilation system (3), and the temperature control system (2) is fixedly connected with the inner side wall of the top of the planting shed (1); a plurality of planting frames (5) are arranged in the planting shed (1); a lamp bracket (7) is arranged between the planting frames (5), and sprayers (6) are arranged on one sides of the planting frames (5) far away from the lamp bracket (7); the sprayer (6) and the lamp holder (7) are arranged in parallel with the planting frame (5); the sprayer (6) is connected with the controller (4) through an electric signal; the bottom end of the lamp bracket (7) is connected with the bottom surface of the planting shed (1) in a sliding mode through a sliding device (8).
2. The photosynthetic cultivation system of hypsizygus marmoreus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the ventilation system (3) comprises a carbon dioxide detector (32), the output end of the carbon dioxide detector (32) is connected with the controller (4) through an electric signal, and the controller (4) is connected with a ventilator (31) through an electric signal; ventilator (31) set up in plant the shed roof inner wall of canopy (1), carbon dioxide detector (32) set up in ventilator (31) right side, carbon dioxide detector (32) with plant the shed roof inner wall fixed connection of canopy (1).
3. The photosynthetic cultivation system of hypsizygus marmoreus as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the temperature control system (2) comprises a temperature sensor (21) and a humidity sensor (22), and the output end of the temperature sensor (21) and the output end of the humidity sensor (22) are respectively connected with the controller (4) through electric signals; the temperature sensor (21) is arranged on the right side of the carbon dioxide detector (32); the humidity sensor (22) is arranged at the right side of the temperature sensor (21); temperature sensor (21), humidity transducer (22) all with the shed roof inner wall fixed connection of planting canopy (1).
4. The photosynthetic cultivation system of hypsizygus marmoreus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the lamp holder (7) is provided with an ultraviolet lamp tube (71) and a blue light lamp tube (72), and the ultraviolet lamp tube (71) and the blue light lamp tube (72) are arranged on the lamp holder (7) at intervals.
5. The photosynthetic cultivation system of hypsizygus marmoreus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the planting frame (5) comprises a rotating base (51), the top surface of the rotating base (51) is fixedly connected with a vertical rod (53), a plurality of cross rods (52) penetrate through the vertical rod (53) at uniform intervals, and the top of the vertical rod (53) is provided with an illumination intensity sensor (9); the illumination intensity sensor (9) is connected with the controller (4) through an electric signal.
6. The photosynthetic cultivation system of hypsizygus marmoreus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the sliding device (8) comprises a sliding rail (81) and a sliding block (82), the sliding block (82) is arranged in the sliding rail (81), and the top surface of the sliding block (82) is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the lamp holder (7); the sliding device (8) is connected with the controller (4) through an electric signal.
7. A cultivation method of hypsizygus marmoreus is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: preparing a cultivation material, namely uniformly mixing lignin powder, soybean meal, corn flour, corncobs, bran, lime and light calcium carbonate to obtain the cultivation material;
s2: bagging and sterilizing, namely, filling the cultivation material in low-pressure polyethylene corner folding bags, controlling the water content of the cultivation material to be 60-70% to obtain cultivation bags, placing the cultivation bags on the planting frames (5), and opening ultraviolet lamps for sterilization treatment;
s3: inoculating, wherein an inoculating worker performs inoculation under an aseptic condition to obtain a fungus bag, and the weight of the fungus bag is 1.00-1.30 kg;
s4: spawn running, namely adjusting the temperature in the culture room to 20-25 ℃ by using the temperature control system (2), and controlling the relative humidity of air to be 60-65% by using the sprayer (6); opening a ventilation system (3), ventilating for 3-4 times every day, ventilating for more than 30min each time, controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide in the planting shed (1) to be 0.1-0.2%, and culturing the fungus bags under dark conditions for 90-115d to obtain spawn running fungus bags;
s5: scratching the fungi, namely opening a fungus scratching bag of the fungus-growing bag by using a special fungus scratching machine for scratching the fungi, injecting water into the culture bag after scratching the fungi, pouring all the injected water after 1 hour, and ventilating by using the ventilating system (3) to obtain the fungus scratching bag;
s6: bud forcing: after mycelium stimulation, ventilating the ventilation system (3), controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide to be 0.1%, placing mycelium stimulation bags in the planting shed (1), intermittently illuminating the mycelium stimulation bags, and recording hypha recovery time, hypha skin thickness, bud forming time and mushroom bud density;
s7: and (3) fruiting, after fruiting buds appear, controlling the cultivation temperature at 15 ℃, controlling the relative humidity of air at 90-95% through the sprayer (6), ventilating through the ventilation system (3), intermittently illuminating the mycelium stimulation bags, culturing for 26 days, harvesting, and recording the fresh weight of the hypsizygus marmoreus.
8. The cultivation method of hypsizygus marmoreus according to claim 7, wherein: the inoculation in the step S3 comprises the steps of age definition, surface judgment and inoculation inspection, wherein the age definition defines the age of the fungus after the fungus is fully distributed in a culture medium for 10-15 days; the surface is judged to judge whether the strain is accompanied by the physiological maturity sign or not and whether the cross section of the strain body is light beige or light pink oil; the inoculation inspection is to carefully inspect whether the used strains have mixed bacteria and poor growth during inoculation.
9. The cultivation method of hypsizygus marmoreus according to claim 7, wherein: the formula of the cultivation material comprises 33% of lignin powder, 4% of soybean meal, 5% of corn flour, 42% of corncob, 11% of bran, 3% of lime and 2% of light calcium.
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