CN111492896A - Preparation method of culture medium for industrial cultivation of flammulina velutipes - Google Patents
Preparation method of culture medium for industrial cultivation of flammulina velutipes Download PDFInfo
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- CN111492896A CN111492896A CN202010360344.9A CN202010360344A CN111492896A CN 111492896 A CN111492896 A CN 111492896A CN 202010360344 A CN202010360344 A CN 202010360344A CN 111492896 A CN111492896 A CN 111492896A
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- culture medium
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- flammulina velutipes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a culture medium for industrially cultivating flammulina velutipes, which comprises the following raw materials used in the preparation process: peanut shell, rice hull, corncob, rice bran, beet pulp, dry bean dregs, beer groove, soybean hull, shell powder and light calcium carbonate, and the invention has the beneficial effects that: the culture medium prepared by the method has good air permeability, can improve the quality, taste and other economic values of the flammulina velutipes, avoids the risks of enriching pesticides and heavy metals and transgenosis due to the use of cottonseed hulls instead, can greatly reduce the potential safety hazard of food, enables the quality of the produced flammulina velutipes to be better, is extremely low in preparation cost, and can greatly save the production cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field related to industrial cultivation of edible fungi, in particular to a preparation method of a culture medium for industrial cultivation of flammulina velutipes.
Background
The flammulina velutipes is the edible fungus variety with the highest industrial degree, and the industrial cultivation of the flammulina velutipes has strong competition due to early start, advanced technology and mature management. In recent years, the prices of raw materials such as rice bran, wheat bran, corncobs and the like which are main raw materials for cultivating edible fungi are continuously increased, the wood chips need to be sprayed with water for a long time before being used and accumulated, a large amount of fields are occupied, the sprayed water easily causes environmental problems, and cottonseed hulls which are widely used in the cultivation of the edible fungi have the risk of enriching pesticides and heavy metals. Under the background, the preparation of the culture medium which meets the food safety requirement and has low cost and low safety risk, and the improvement of the product quality, the improvement of the production efficiency and the reduction of the production cost are the primary tasks to be solved by the industrial production of the edible fungi.
The rice hull is a shell outside the paddy, is the largest amount of byproducts in the rice processing process, is rich in a large amount of substances such as cellulose, lignin, silicon dioxide and the like, and is low in fat and protein. Rough texture, good toughness, porosity, hydrophobicity, low density and the like. The comprehensive utilization of the rice hulls has been widely researched for a long time at home and abroad, and a plurality of available ways are obtained. But the method can really form large-scale production, has few utilization ways for consuming a large amount of rice hulls, or has insignificant economic benefit and little added value; or have some problems in the aspects of process, technology, quality, environmental pollution and the like. Therefore, the rice hulls are used as wastes in many places, which not only causes great waste of resources and huge economic loss, but also causes great pollution to the environment. The peanut shell is a pure natural organic matter medium dropped off after processing peanuts, and is a processed waste and agricultural product leftovers. The peanut shell is rich in nutrient components, contains nearly 60 percent of crude fiber, and is the first of the crude feed. The peanut shell contains 90.3% of dry substances in nutritional ingredients, wherein 4.8-7.2% of crude protein, 1-1.1% of crude fat, 65.7-79.3% of crude cellulose, 10.1% of hemicellulose and 10.6-21.2% of soluble carbohydrate, and in addition, the peanut shell also contains various vitamins, minerals and partial amino acids. However, the peanut shells with such excellent biological characteristics are not widely developed and utilized, and are not lost as a loss, a waste of resources. At present, no solution capable of being effectively utilized exists in China except for a small amount of flower nutrient soil. More, the garbage is dumped at a certain corner in the rural area, which not only wastes resources, but also influences the environment beauty of modern construction in new rural areas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a culture medium for industrially cultivating flammulina velutipes, aiming at the existing problems.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the technical purpose is as follows: a preparation method of a culture medium for industrial cultivation of flammulina velutipes comprises the following preparation raw materials: peanut shells, rice hulls, corncobs, rice bran, beet pulp, dry bean dregs, beer grooves, soybean hulls, shell powder and light calcium carbonate, wherein the components in parts by weight are as follows: 15-30 parts of peanut shell, 5-20 parts of rice hull, 20-40 parts of corncob, 20-40 parts of rice bran, 10-25 parts of bran, 3-10 parts of beet pulp, 2-10 parts of dry bean dregs, 2-10 parts of brewer's grains, 3-10 parts of soybean hull, 1-4 parts of shell powder and 1-3 parts of light calcium carbonate, and the method comprises the following six steps: step 1: filling the novel rice hull and peanut shell composite culture medium into a cultivation bottle, sterilizing by high-pressure steam, and cooling to room temperature for later use; step 2: inoculating the liquid strain into a culture bottle, and culturing in a culture room; and step 3: after the hyphae cultured in the step 2 overgrow the cultivation bottle, performing mycelium stimulation treatment, removing old hyphae on the material surface, forming mechanical stimulation, then moving the cultivation bottle to a breeding room for bud promotion, and after 4-6 days, covering mushroom buds on the material surface; and 4, step 4: after the bud forcing is finished, carrying out light inhibition and wind inhibition on the mushroom buds to enable the mushroom buds to grow into mushroom buds; and 5: when mushroom buds grow out of 1-10 cm of the bottle mouth in the step 4, the concentration of carbon dioxide is increased, and the elongation of the stipe of the flammulina velutipes is promoted; step 6: when the needle mushrooms grow to 15-16 cm, the harvesting height is reached, and harvesting is carried out.
Further, in the step 2, the culture temperature is 13-15 ℃, the air humidity is 60% -90%, the culture period is 20-30 days, and the inoculation amount of liquid strains is 30-35 m L for each culture bottle.
Further, the bud forcing conditions in the step 3 are as follows: the room temperature is 15-16 ℃, the air humidity is 85% -95%, and the carbon dioxide concentration is within the range of 3000-4000 ppm.
Further, in the step 4, the concentration of carbon dioxide is controlled to be 3000-20000 ppm, the temperature is reduced to 4-5 ℃ in a gradient manner, the temperature is reduced at a cooling rate of 2-4 ℃ per day, the light intensity of light inhibition is 100L ux, the blowing rate of wind inhibition is 1-3 m/s, and the air volume is 150m 3/h.
Furthermore, the concentration of the carbon dioxide is increased to more than 10000ppm in the step 5.
Furthermore, the cultivation bottle used in the preparation process is a polypropylene plastic cultivation bottle.
Furthermore, the rice hulls are a layer of hulls outside the rice, are the largest amount of byproducts in the rice processing process, have the water content of less than 15 percent and have the pH value of 6-7.
Furthermore, the peanut shells are leftovers after peanut shedding in production, and are aired or dried, so that the water content is lower than 15%, and the pH value is 6-7.
Experiments show that the composite culture medium provided by the invention utilizes peanut shells as raw materials to carry out industrial cultivation of needle mushrooms, and compared with the prior art, the composite culture medium has the following advantages:
(1) the rice hulls have the characteristics of good toughness, porosity, hydrophobicity and low density, can play a good supporting role, can ensure a good culture medium structure, have strong air permeability and greatly promote the robust growth of hyphae.
(2) The peanut shell is rich and diverse in nutrient components, contains nearly 60 percent of crude fiber, and is the first of coarse feed. The peanut shell contains 90.3% of dry substances in nutritional ingredients, wherein 4.8-7.2% of crude protein, 1-1.1% of crude fat, 65.7-79.3% of crude cellulose, 10.1% of hemicellulose and 10.6-21.2% of soluble carbohydrate, and in addition, the peanut shell also contains multiple vitamins, minerals and multiple amino acids. The peanut shells with rich nutrient components are used as the raw materials of the needle mushroom culture medium, can provide various required nutrient components for the growth of needle mushrooms, and ensure the robust growth of hyphae, so that the robustness and disease resistance of the needle mushrooms are improved, and the needle mushrooms are particularly rich in crude fibers and can effectively improve the quality such as the mouthfeel and the like.
(3) Due to the quality characteristics of the cottonseed hulls, the cottonseed hulls have the risks of enriching pesticides and heavy metals and transgenosis, and potential safety hazards are brought to the food safety of the needle mushroom production. The rice hull and the peanut hull are used in a composite mode, and the cotton seed hull can be completely replaced by the rice hull and the peanut hull. The rice hulls and the peanut shells are safe and high-quality agricultural product byproduct leftovers. Therefore, the invention greatly improves the food safety problem of needle mushroom production and makes great contribution to the development of the major subject of social food safety.
(4) The rice hulls and the peanut shells have wide sources, and compared with the raw materials used in the traditional needle mushroom cultivation, the rice hulls and the peanut shells have stable price and lower cost. At present, the cost of rice husk is only 650 yuan/ton, the cost of peanut shell is also only 800 yuan/ton, while the cost of cottonseed shell is 1900 yuan/ton, the cost of brewer's grains is 2600 yuan/ton, and the cost of beet pulp is 2200 yuan/ton. The rice hull and the peanut hull are mixed for use, so that the cottonseed hull can be completely replaced, and the raw materials with high cost such as beer lees, beet pulp, rice bran, wheat bran and the like can be partially replaced, and the raw material cost per cultivation bottle can be saved by 0.04 yuan on average. The method greatly reduces the production cost of the cultivation of the flammulina velutipes, and can ensure the stable quality and yield of the flammulina velutipes.
(5) The edible fungus culture medium prepared by the invention does not use wood chips, reduces forest felling, avoids waste water generated by wood chip water spraying, and meets the requirement of environmental protection.
(6) The use of the rice hulls and the peanut shells can effectively improve the utilization rate of resources, promote agricultural sustainable development and have great significance for promoting the virtuous circle of ecology.
Detailed Description
As further illustrated below, the starting materials used in the following steps are all conventional in the art or commercially available.
S1, weighing raw materials: according to the weight requirement of each batch of culture medium specified in production, raw materials are weighed according to the proportion of 15-30 parts of peanut shells, 5-20 parts of rice hulls, 20-40 parts of corncobs, 20-40 parts of rice bran, 10-25 parts of bran, 3-10 parts of beet pulp, 2-10 parts of dry bean dregs, 2-10 parts of brewer's grains, 3-10 parts of soybean hulls, 1-4 parts of shell powder and 1-3 parts of light calcium carbonate.
S2, mixing and stirring: the raw materials are sequentially put into a stirrer, are firstly stirred for 15-20 minutes in a dry mode, are added with water, and are stirred until all the raw materials in the culture medium are uniformly mixed and fully absorb water, and finally the water content of the culture medium is 67% -69%, and the pH value is 6.2-6.8.
S3, bottling, and covering bottle caps: every 16 polypropylene plastic cultivation bottles are used as a basket, a full-automatic bottle filling machine is adopted to fill the prepared composite culture medium into the cultivation bottles, and after filling is finished, 5 holes are drilled in the middle and around the material surface through an automatic punching machine to reach the bottom of the bottle, so that the surface of the culture medium is required to be smooth. After filling and punching are completed, the cultivation bottle caps are matched with the cultivation bottle caps through an automatic cap covering machine.
S4, high-pressure steam sterilization: placing the cultivation basket containing the cultivation bottle on a transfer cart, sterilizing in a high pressure steam sterilizer, and maintaining at 121 deg.C for 80 min.
S5, inoculating, namely after sterilization, placing the cultivation bottle into a cooling chamber for forced cooling, and inoculating when the temperature of the material is reduced to room temperature, inoculating liquid strains into the cultivation bottle under a laminar flow cover by using a full-automatic inoculating machine, wherein the inoculation amount of each bottle is 30-35 m L.
S6, culturing: after inoculation, the cultivation bottle is moved into a cultivation room for hypha cultivation, and the cultivation environment is as follows: the room temperature is 10-15 ℃, the light is avoided, the air circulation is good, the culture room adopts an automatic control system, the material temperature is controlled to be 17-20 ℃, the air humidity is controlled to be 70-90%, the concentration of CO2 is controlled to be 2000-3000 ppm, and meanwhile, the environmental cleanliness is ensured through efficient air filtration. The hyphae can grow over the cultivation bottle after 22 days of cultivation.
And S7, mycelium stimulation, namely transferring the cultivation bottle full of mycelium into a mycelium stimulation workshop, performing mycelium stimulation treatment by using an automatic mycelium stimulation machine, removing aged mycelium on the material surface, forming mechanical stimulation and promoting the formation and differentiation of primordia of needle mushroom fruiting bodies, and spraying 10-20 m L water on the material surface after the mycelium stimulation is finished so as to keep the material surface wet.
S8, bud forcing and inhibition, namely moving the cultivation bottle into a growing room, carrying out bud forcing treatment at the room temperature of 15-16 ℃, the air humidity of 85-95% and the CO2 concentration of 3000-3500 ppm, enabling the material surface to be full of mushroom buds after 4 days, carrying out illumination with the intensity of 100L ux and blowing at 150m3/h and 1-3 m/s according to the growth condition of the mushroom after the bud forcing is finished, carrying out light inhibition and wind inhibition on the mushroom buds, controlling the CO2 concentration to be 5000-8000 ppm to enable the growth of the mushroom buds to be neat and consistent, simultaneously reducing the temperature day by day, gradually reducing the temperature to 4-5 ℃ at the cooling rate of 3-4 ℃ per day, and finally keeping the temperature to be 4-5 ℃ and enabling small mushroom buds to grow to the mouth of the cultivation bottle within 10-12 days.
S9, cultivation in a growth period, namely when mushroom buds grow out of a bottle mouth by 1-2 cm, wrapping plastic-wrapped mushroom pieces around the bottle mouth, increasing the concentration of CO2 in a local environment to be more than 10000ppm, promoting the elongation of stems of the flammulina velutipes, timely performing illumination with the intensity of 100L ux and blowing at the intensity of 150m3/h and at the speed of 1-3 m/s every day according to the uniformity of the flammulina velutipes, and performing light inhibition and wind inhibition on the flammulina velutipes to enable the growth vigor of the flammulina velutipes to.
S10, harvesting: when the needle mushrooms grow to 15-16 cm, the needle mushrooms reach the harvesting height, and harvesting is carried out. The cultivation time in the growing room is 27 days, and the cultivation period is 50 days.
Various other changes and modifications to the above-described embodiments and concepts may occur to those skilled in the art, and all such changes and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of a culture medium for industrially cultivating flammulina velutipes is characterized by comprising the following steps: the preparation raw materials comprise: peanut shells, rice hulls, corncobs, rice bran, beet pulp, dry bean dregs, beer grooves, soybean hulls, shell powder and light calcium carbonate, wherein the components in parts by weight are as follows: 15-30 parts of peanut shell, 5-20 parts of rice hull, 20-40 parts of corncob, 20-40 parts of rice bran, 10-25 parts of bran, 3-10 parts of beet pulp, 2-10 parts of dry bean dregs, 2-10 parts of brewer's grains, 3-10 parts of soybean hull, 1-4 parts of shell powder and 1-3 parts of light calcium carbonate.
Step 1: and (3) filling the novel rice hull and peanut shell composite culture medium into a cultivation bottle, sterilizing by high-pressure steam, and cooling to room temperature for later use.
Step 2: inoculating the liquid strain into a culture bottle, and culturing in a culture room.
And step 3: and (3) after the hyphae cultured in the step (2) overgrow the cultivation bottle, performing mycelium stimulation treatment, removing old hyphae on the material surface, forming mechanical stimulation, moving the cultivation bottle to a breeding room for bud promotion, and after 4-6 days, covering mushroom buds on the material surface.
And 4, step 4: after the bud forcing is finished, the mushroom buds are subjected to light inhibition and wind inhibition, so that the mushroom buds grow into mushroom buds.
And 5: and (4) when the mushroom buds grow out of the bottle mouth of 1-10 cm in the step 4, increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide and promoting the elongation of the stipe of the flammulina velutipes.
Step 6: when the needle mushrooms grow to 15-16 cm, the harvesting height is reached, and harvesting is carried out.
2. The method for preparing a culture medium for industrially cultivating flammulina velutipes according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation temperature in the step 2 is 13-15 ℃, the air humidity is 60% -90%, the cultivation period is 20-30 days, and the inoculation amount of the liquid strain is 30-35 m L for each cultivation bottle.
3. The method for preparing a culture medium for industrially cultivating flammulina velutipes according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium comprises: the bud forcing conditions in the step 3 are as follows: the room temperature is 15-16 ℃, the air humidity is 85% -95%, and the carbon dioxide concentration is within the range of 3000-4000 ppm.
4. The method for preparing a culture medium for industrially cultivating flammulina velutipes according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of carbon dioxide is controlled to 3000-20000 ppm in the step 4, the temperature is reduced to 4-5 ℃ in a gradient manner, the temperature is reduced at a rate of 2-4 ℃ per day, the light intensity of light inhibition is 100L ux, the blowing rate of wind inhibition is 1-3 m/s, and the air volume is 150m 3/h.
5. The method for preparing a culture medium for industrially cultivating flammulina velutipes according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium comprises: in the step 5, the concentration of the carbon dioxide is increased to more than 10000 ppm.
6. The method for preparing a culture medium for industrially cultivating flammulina velutipes according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium comprises: the cultivation bottle used in the preparation process is a polypropylene plastic cultivation bottle.
7. The method for preparing a culture medium for industrially cultivating flammulina velutipes according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium comprises: the rice hull is a layer of hull outside the paddy, is the maximum byproduct in the rice processing process, has the water content of less than 15 percent and has the pH value of 6-7.
8. The method for preparing a culture medium for industrially cultivating flammulina velutipes according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium comprises: the peanut shell is leftover after peanut shedding, and is aired or dried, so that the water content is lower than 15%, and the pH value is 6-7.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112293156A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-02-02 | 江苏华绿生物科技股份有限公司 | Application of bamboo powder culture medium in industrial cultivation of white needle mushroom |
| CN112715280A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-30 | 南京金万辰生物科技有限公司 | Flammulina velutipes culture material based on seaweed, preparation method of flammulina velutipes culture material and flammulina velutipes culture method |
| CN113575284A (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2021-11-02 | 江苏华绿生物科技股份有限公司 | Culture medium prepared from rice flour and application of culture medium in industrial cultivation of flammulina velutipes |
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| CN106748183A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-05-31 | 福州东星生物技术有限公司 | A kind of culture medium of edible fungus |
| CN110226453A (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2019-09-13 | 江苏华绿生物科技股份有限公司 | A kind of peanut shell complex medium and its application in edible fungus industrial cultivation |
| CN110679391A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2020-01-14 | 江苏华绿生物科技股份有限公司 | Application of novel husk culture medium in industrial cultivation of white flammulina velutipes |
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2020
- 2020-04-30 CN CN202010360344.9A patent/CN111492896A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106748183A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-05-31 | 福州东星生物技术有限公司 | A kind of culture medium of edible fungus |
| CN110226453A (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2019-09-13 | 江苏华绿生物科技股份有限公司 | A kind of peanut shell complex medium and its application in edible fungus industrial cultivation |
| CN110679391A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2020-01-14 | 江苏华绿生物科技股份有限公司 | Application of novel husk culture medium in industrial cultivation of white flammulina velutipes |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112293156A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-02-02 | 江苏华绿生物科技股份有限公司 | Application of bamboo powder culture medium in industrial cultivation of white needle mushroom |
| CN112715280A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-30 | 南京金万辰生物科技有限公司 | Flammulina velutipes culture material based on seaweed, preparation method of flammulina velutipes culture material and flammulina velutipes culture method |
| CN113575284A (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2021-11-02 | 江苏华绿生物科技股份有限公司 | Culture medium prepared from rice flour and application of culture medium in industrial cultivation of flammulina velutipes |
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