CN112425447A - Cultivation method for artificially cultivating morchella - Google Patents
Cultivation method for artificially cultivating morchella Download PDFInfo
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- CN112425447A CN112425447A CN202011122375.7A CN202011122375A CN112425447A CN 112425447 A CN112425447 A CN 112425447A CN 202011122375 A CN202011122375 A CN 202011122375A CN 112425447 A CN112425447 A CN 112425447A
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- 241000221638 Morchella Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000219000 Populus Species 0.000 claims description 38
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000576755 Sclerotia Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000002769 Morchella esculenta Species 0.000 abstract description 15
- 235000002779 Morchella esculenta Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 20
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000014347 soups Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- FFRBMBIXVSCUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dinitro-1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C2=C1 FFRBMBIXVSCUFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000723418 Carya Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013139 quantization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021404 traditional food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009105 vegetative growth Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/40—Cultivation of spawn
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/50—Inoculation of spawn
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating morel artificially, which relates to a morel cultivating technology, can effectively improve the activity of morel, reduce the occurrence of mixed bacteria, fully utilize nutrition, save cost, be more beneficial to the popularization of morel planting technology and be more beneficial to the promotion of rural featured work by cultivating the morel by the method disclosed by the invention, and the method comprises the following steps: 1. collecting wild mushrooms; 2. collecting spores; 3. preparing a culture medium and culturing; 4. tube transfer culture; 5. breeding; 6. cultivating the cultivated species; 7. and (5) planting. The Morchella cultivated by the scheme has the characteristics of high planting rate, less mixed bacteria and short cultivation period, can keep the flavor of original Morchella, and is beneficial to popularization of a Morchella planting technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to fungus planting, particularly to the field of planting methods of edible fungi of the order of the central sclerotium, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for artificially cultivating morchella.
Background
The morchella esculenta is crisp and tender in taste and delicious in taste, has medicinal effects of regulating immunity and the like, is world-famous edible and medicinal fungi, is a traditional food in European and American countries, and has limited wild resources and very high price. Therefore, the successful realization of the artificial domestication and cultivation of the morchella will have great economic and ecological benefits. The artificial domestication and cultivation technology of the morchella esculenta has nearly one hundred years of research history at home and abroad, and is a world problem, on the basis of repeated experiments and accumulated experiences of scientists, in recent years, the artificial cultivation of the morchella esculenta is successively reported to be successfully realized, but unfortunately, the large-area cultivation popularization and the commercial production of the morchella esculenta are not seen so far, and the reasons are as follows: firstly, the morchella mycelium is easy to fail in the process of converting vegetative growth into reproductive growth, namely, the fruiting difficulty of the morchella is high under the artificial condition. Secondly, the investment cost is high and the yield is relatively low. Thirdly, the morchella obtained by partial artificial cultivation has certain difference with the quality of wild morchella in the aspects of mushroom shape size and taste, and cannot reach the commodity standard, and the market acquisition price is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a cultivation method for artificially cultivating morchella, which greatly improves the seed forming rate of morchella and greatly reduces the doping rate of mixed bacteria by multi-stage breeding, stock seed preparation and cultivation of cultivated species.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved by:
a cultivation method for artificially cultivating morchella comprises the following cultivation steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting wild mushrooms; collecting wild morchella, air-drying to obtain dried original strain of morchella, and reserving for later use;
step two: collecting spores; soaking the morchella stock seeds in water, ensuring complete soaking, taking out after soaking, and air-drying to obtain the morchella stock seeds A;
step three: preparing a culture medium and culturing; the bacteria culture medium comprises 5-15 wt% of poplar root additive, 25-40 wt% of raw potatoes, 10-15 wt% of glucose, 20-30 wt% of agar and the balance of water;
the raw potato is an undeveloped potato, and the poplar root additive is prepared by putting poplar roots into water, boiling, filtering the poplar roots after boiling, taking water and cooling.
The preparation process of the bacteria culture medium comprises the following steps:
A. taking a plurality of grams of poplar roots, cleaning and crushing the poplar roots, pouring the crushed poplar roots into water, boiling the poplar roots, keeping the poplar roots for a period of time, cooling the poplar roots, and filtering the poplar roots to obtain a soup serving as an additive of the poplar roots;
B. taking water, crushing raw potatoes, putting the crushed raw potatoes into water, adding agar strips, boiling and boiling the agar strips with slow fire for a period of time until the agar strips are completely melted and the potatoes are boiled to be in a greasy and unbreakable state, adding glucose, stirring, completely dissolving to obtain an intermediate, and cooling for later use;
C. mixing the poplar root additive prepared in the step A and the intermediate prepared in the step B in proportion, fully boiling, and fully stirring and mixing to obtain a culture medium;
D. c, subpackaging the culture medium prepared in the step C into clean test tubes, sealing the test tubes by using sterile cotton, uniformly placing the test tubes into an autoclave, carrying out autoclaving, sterilizing for a period of time, cutting off the power supply, waiting for the pressure of the autoclave to be zero, and taking out the test tubes to obtain a culture medium to be molded;
E. placing the culture medium to be formed prepared in the step D at an inclination of 7-10 degrees until the culture medium inclined plane in the test tube does not touch the aseptic cotton plug, placing the test tube in a heat preservation box, and keeping for 7 days to solidify the test tube to obtain a culture medium test tube;
F. and E, observing the culture medium test tube prepared in the step E, wherein the color is faint yellow to golden yellow, and obtaining the bacteria culture medium.
Wherein, the distance between the aseptic cotton seals in the step D is greater than 1/10 and less than 1/5 of the length of the test tube.
Wherein, the sterilization time in the step D is more than 2.5H and less than 3H.
Wherein, the temperature range of the heat preservation box in the step E is 25-30 ℃.
Wherein the weight ratio of the poplar root powder to water is 1: 2.5-1: 3, and the weight ratio of the filtered poplar root to the obtained soup after boiling is 1: 2-1: 2.5.
After the preparation is finished, cutting the morchella stock seed A prepared in the step two into small pieces, lifting the small pieces by using a sterilized cotton rope, placing the small pieces above a culture medium, irradiating the small pieces by using a lamp to enable spores to be ejected onto the culture medium to obtain a bacterium-carrying culture medium, and culturing;
specifically, the second step and the third step specifically include the following steps:
step A, picking living wild morchella, and airing in a cool place for later use to obtain dried mushrooms;
step B, before collecting spores, putting the dried mushrooms prepared in the step A into purified water, and completely soaking and developing the dried mushrooms;
step C, fishing out the toadstool completely soaked in the step B, using an electric blower to prepare high-grade toadstool, and drying the toadstool to obtain toadstool A to be prepared;
d, taking the morchella A to be prepared in the step C, clamping a stipe by using a forceps, and baking the stipe on an alcohol lamp for a period of time to prepare a morchella B to be prepared;
e, putting the morchella esculenta B to be prepared in the step D into a sun-shading box, keeping ventilation, and air-drying to obtain morchella esculenta C to be prepared;
and F, cutting the morchella C to be prepared, which is prepared in the step E, into small pieces, tying the small pieces by using a sterilized cotton rope, suspending the small pieces above a culture medium, and irradiating the small pieces by using a lamp to pop out spores.
In the step C, the drying degree is that the morchella A to be prepared is not dripped downwards.
And D, placing the mixture on an alcohol lamp for baking for 1-3 s.
In the step D, the humidity of the morchella esculenta B to be prepared is 50-60%.
In the step E, the humidity of the morchella C to be prepared is 40-45%.
And F, cutting into small blocks with the size of 2-2.5 cm and the height from the culture medium of 4-5 cm.
Step four: tube transfer culture; culturing the culture medium with the bacteria obtained in the third step to enable hyphae to grow and overgrow, and sclerotia to appear, after the sclerotia is observed to be the morchella, separating the hyphae of the culture medium with the bacteria into small pieces, and transferring the tubes again, wherein the culture medium is the culture medium with the bacteria prepared in the third step to prepare morchella strains for reproduction and culture;
step five: breeding; placing the morchella strain obtained in the step four in a heat-preservation and moisture-preservation box, and culturing and expanding the strain to obtain a morchella embryo;
step six: cultivating the cultivated species; preparing a culture medium: taking wheat, fruit tree powder and corncob powder, completely soaking the wheat, fishing out, fully mixing, putting into a steaming drawer, steaming the mixture by using steam with the temperature of more than 100 ℃, putting into a sterilization bag to form a cultivation medium, taking the morchella raw embryo prepared in the step five, taking out the morchella raw embryo, separating into small blocks, inoculating the small blocks into the cultivation medium in a two-end inoculation mode, and sealing the opening by using a breathable tape.
Step seven: planting; observing the culture medium prepared in the step six, crushing the culture medium when hyphae grow fully and sclerotia grow out, and sowing the crushed culture medium in a field in a broadcasting mode;
step eight: keeping the temperature of the field at 15-22 ℃, the humidity at 40-50%, the shading rate at 85-95%, and maturing the morchella after 25-28 days.
As a preferable technical scheme, in the second step, the air drying mode is to use a blower to blow the soaked toadstool stock seeds a thoroughly, and ensure that the air drying degree of the toadstool stock seeds a is not dripping.
As a preferable technical scheme, the size of the small pieces cut from the original toadstool strain A in the third step is not less than 2cm, and the distance from the original toadstool strain A to the culture medium is 4-5 cm.
And as an optimal technical scheme, in the fifth step, the temperature range of the heat-preserving and moisture-preserving box is 22-25 ℃, and the humidity is 60-70%.
As an optimal technical scheme, in the sixth step, the wheat, the fruit tree wood powder and the corncob powder are subjected to enzyme deactivation treatment before being prepared, wherein the wheat accounts for 40-45 wt%, the fruit tree powder accounts for 40-45 wt%, and the corncob powder accounts for 10-20 wt%.
As a preferable technical scheme, in the sixth step, the steam steaming time is 12-14 h.
As a preferable technical scheme, the land preparation and adjustment treatment is carried out on the field in the step seven.
As a preferable embodiment, the field adjustment process includes: A. scattering quicklime; B. cultivating and ploughing; C. and (5) turning over the ground.
As a preferable technical scheme, the field adjustment processing steps are repeated after one-season planting and before planting again.
As a preferred technical scheme, in the quicklime spreading step, the pH value of the field is adjusted to 6.5-8.5, and 120-180 jin is spread per mu.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: through multiple times of transferring and breeding, the optimal morchella strain can be screened out, the morchella is dried by adopting a blower, the attachment of sundry bacteria and bacteria can be further reduced, the influence of sundry bacteria can be reduced to the maximum extent through the roasting of an alcohol lamp, the growth rate of the morchella can be further improved by adopting a specially prepared culture medium and adding a poplar root additive into the culture medium, and meanwhile, the living environment of wild morchella can be maintained and the characters of the wild morchella can be preserved by adopting the poplar root additive; by adopting a multi-stage cultivation mode, the purity of the morchella can be maintained as much as possible on the premise of maintaining the cultivation speed of the morchella strain, and the economic loss caused by mixed bacteria interference is prevented; through the cultivation that adopts the cultivation kind for the production of hickory chick is bred and is reached the level of quantization, handles through the adjustment that adopts the field, can effectually promote the utilization ratio in field, promotes economic efficiency, has very high economic popularization nature.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
When the morchella is planted, the method comprises the following culture steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting wild mushrooms; collecting wild morchella, air-drying to obtain dried original strain of morchella, and reserving for later use;
step two: collecting spores; soaking the morchella stock seeds in water, ensuring complete soaking, taking out after soaking, and air-drying to obtain the morchella stock seeds A;
step three: preparing a culture medium and culturing; the bacteria culture medium comprises 5-15 wt% of poplar root additive, 25-40 wt% of raw potatoes, 10-15 wt% of glucose, 20-30 wt% of agar and the balance of water;
the raw potato is an undeveloped potato, and the poplar root additive is prepared by putting poplar roots into water, boiling, filtering the poplar roots after boiling, taking water and cooling.
The preparation process of the bacteria culture medium comprises the following steps:
A. taking a plurality of grams of poplar roots, cleaning and crushing the poplar roots, pouring the crushed poplar roots into water, boiling the poplar roots, keeping the poplar roots for a period of time, cooling the poplar roots, and filtering the poplar roots to obtain a soup serving as an additive of the poplar roots;
B. taking water, crushing raw potatoes, putting the crushed raw potatoes into water, adding agar strips, boiling and boiling the agar strips with slow fire for a period of time until the agar strips are completely melted and the potatoes are boiled to be in a greasy and unbreakable state, adding glucose, stirring, completely dissolving to obtain an intermediate, and cooling for later use;
C. mixing the poplar root additive prepared in the step A and the intermediate prepared in the step B in proportion, fully boiling, and fully stirring and mixing to obtain a culture medium;
D. c, subpackaging the culture medium prepared in the step C into clean test tubes, sealing the test tubes by using sterile cotton, uniformly placing the test tubes into an autoclave, carrying out autoclaving, sterilizing for a period of time, cutting off the power supply, waiting for the pressure of the autoclave to be zero, and taking out the test tubes to obtain a culture medium to be molded;
E. placing the culture medium to be formed prepared in the step D at an inclination of 7-10 degrees until the culture medium inclined plane in the test tube does not touch the aseptic cotton plug, placing the test tube in a heat preservation box, and keeping for 7 days to solidify the test tube to obtain a culture medium test tube;
F. and E, observing the culture medium test tube prepared in the step E, wherein the color is faint yellow to golden yellow, and obtaining the bacteria culture medium.
Wherein, the distance between the aseptic cotton seals in the step D is greater than 1/10 and less than 1/5 of the length of the test tube.
Wherein, the sterilization time in the step D is more than 2.5H and less than 3H.
Wherein, the temperature range of the heat preservation box in the step E is 25-30 ℃.
Wherein the weight ratio of the poplar root powder to water is 1: 2.5-1: 3, and the weight ratio of the filtered poplar root to the obtained soup after boiling is 1: 2-1: 2.5.
After the preparation is finished, cutting the morchella stock seed A prepared in the step two into small pieces, lifting the small pieces by using a sterilized cotton rope, placing the small pieces above a culture medium, irradiating the small pieces by using a lamp to enable spores to be ejected onto the culture medium to obtain a bacterium-carrying culture medium, and culturing;
specifically, the second step and the third step specifically include the following steps:
step A, picking living wild morchella, and airing in a cool place for later use to obtain dried mushrooms;
step B, before collecting spores, putting the dried mushrooms prepared in the step A into purified water, and completely soaking and developing the dried mushrooms;
step C, fishing out the toadstool completely soaked in the step B, using an electric blower to prepare high-grade toadstool, and drying the toadstool to obtain toadstool A to be prepared;
d, taking the morchella A to be prepared in the step C, clamping a stipe by using a forceps, and baking the stipe on an alcohol lamp for a period of time to prepare a morchella B to be prepared;
e, putting the morchella esculenta B to be prepared in the step D into a sun-shading box, keeping ventilation, and air-drying to obtain morchella esculenta C to be prepared;
and F, cutting the morchella C to be prepared, which is prepared in the step E, into small pieces, tying the small pieces by using a sterilized cotton rope, suspending the small pieces above a culture medium, and irradiating the small pieces by using a lamp to pop out spores.
In the step C, the drying degree is that the morchella A to be prepared is not dripped downwards.
And D, placing the mixture on an alcohol lamp for baking for 1-3 s.
In the step D, the humidity of the morchella esculenta B to be prepared is 50-60%.
In the step E, the humidity of the morchella C to be prepared is 40-45%.
And F, cutting into small blocks with the size of 2-2.5 cm and the height from the culture medium of 4-5 cm.
Step four: tube transfer culture; culturing the culture medium with the bacteria obtained in the third step to enable hyphae to grow and overgrow, and sclerotia to appear, after the sclerotia is observed to be the morchella, separating the hyphae of the culture medium with the bacteria into small pieces, and transferring the tubes again, wherein the culture medium is the culture medium with the bacteria prepared in the third step to prepare morchella strains for reproduction and culture;
step five: breeding; placing the morchella strain obtained in the step four in a heat-preservation and moisture-preservation box, and culturing and expanding the strain to obtain a morchella embryo;
step six: cultivating the cultivated species; preparing a culture medium: taking wheat, fruit tree powder and corncob powder, completely soaking the wheat, fishing out, fully mixing, putting into a steaming drawer, steaming the mixture by using steam with the temperature of more than 100 ℃, putting into a sterilization bag to form a cultivation medium, taking the morchella raw embryo prepared in the step five, taking out the morchella raw embryo, separating into small blocks, inoculating the small blocks into the cultivation medium in a two-end inoculation mode, and sealing the opening by using a breathable tape.
Step seven: planting; observing the culture medium prepared in the step six, crushing the culture medium when hyphae grow fully and sclerotia grow out, and sowing the crushed culture medium in a field in a broadcasting mode;
step eight: keeping the temperature of the field at 15-22 ℃, the humidity at 40-50%, the shading rate at 85-95%, and maturing the morchella after 25-28 days.
As a preferable technical scheme, in the second step, the air drying mode is to use a blower to blow the soaked toadstool stock seeds a thoroughly, and ensure that the air drying degree of the toadstool stock seeds a is not dripping.
As a preferable technical scheme, the size of the small pieces cut from the original toadstool strain A in the third step is not less than 2cm, and the distance from the original toadstool strain A to the culture medium is 4-5 cm.
And as an optimal technical scheme, in the fifth step, the temperature range of the heat-preserving and moisture-preserving box is 22-25 ℃, and the humidity is 60-70%.
As an optimal technical scheme, in the sixth step, the wheat, the fruit tree wood powder and the corncob powder are subjected to enzyme deactivation treatment before being prepared, wherein the wheat accounts for 40-45 wt%, the fruit tree powder accounts for 40-45 wt%, and the corncob powder accounts for 10-20 wt%.
As a preferable technical scheme, in the sixth step, the steam steaming time is 12-14 h.
As a preferable technical scheme, the land preparation and adjustment treatment is carried out on the field in the step seven.
As a preferable embodiment, the field adjustment process includes: A. scattering quicklime; B. cultivating and ploughing; C. and (5) turning over the ground.
As a preferable technical scheme, the field adjustment processing steps are repeated after one-season planting and before planting again.
As a preferred technical scheme, in the quicklime spreading step, the pH value of the field is adjusted to 6.5-8.5, and 120-180 jin is spread per mu.
The principle and the process of the invention are as follows: through multiple times of transferring and breeding, the optimal morchella strain can be screened out, the morchella is dried by adopting a blower, the attachment of sundry bacteria and bacteria can be further reduced, the influence of sundry bacteria can be reduced to the maximum extent through the roasting of an alcohol lamp, the growth rate of the morchella can be further improved by adopting a specially prepared culture medium and adding a poplar root additive into the culture medium, and meanwhile, the living environment of wild morchella can be maintained and the characters of the wild morchella can be preserved by adopting the poplar root additive; by adopting a multi-stage cultivation mode, the purity of the morchella can be maintained as much as possible on the premise of maintaining the cultivation speed of the morchella strain, and the economic loss caused by mixed bacteria interference is prevented; through the cultivation that adopts the cultivation kind for the production of hickory chick is bred and is reached the level of quantization, handles through the adjustment that adopts the field, can effectually promote the utilization ratio in field, promotes economic efficiency, has very high economic popularization nature.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A cultivation method for artificially cultivating morchella is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following cultivation steps:
the method comprises the following steps: collecting wild mushrooms; collecting wild morchella, air-drying to obtain dried original strain of morchella, and reserving for later use;
step two: collecting spores; soaking the morchella stock seeds in water, ensuring complete soaking, taking out after soaking, and air-drying to obtain the morchella stock seeds A;
step three: preparing a culture medium and culturing; the bacteria culture medium comprises 5-15 wt% of poplar root additive, 25-40 wt% of raw potatoes, 10-15 wt% of glucose, 20-30 wt% of agar and the balance of water; the preparation process of the poplar root additive comprises the steps of putting poplar roots into water, boiling, filtering the poplar roots after boiling, taking water, and cooling; after the preparation is finished, cutting the morchella stock seed A prepared in the step two into small pieces, lifting the small pieces by using a sterilized cotton rope, placing the small pieces above a culture medium, irradiating the small pieces by using a lamp to enable spores to be ejected onto the culture medium to obtain a bacterium-carrying culture medium, and culturing;
step four: tube transfer culture; culturing the culture medium with the bacteria obtained in the third step to enable hyphae to grow and overgrow, and sclerotia to appear, after the sclerotia is observed to be the morchella, separating the hyphae of the culture medium with the bacteria into small pieces, and transferring the tubes again, wherein the culture medium is the culture medium with the bacteria prepared in the third step to prepare morchella strains for reproduction and culture;
step five: breeding; placing the morchella strain obtained in the step four in a heat-preservation and moisture-preservation box, and culturing and expanding the strain to obtain a morchella embryo;
step six: cultivating the cultivated species; preparing a culture medium: taking wheat, fruit tree powder and corncob powder, completely soaking the wheat, taking out the soaked wheat, fully mixing the wheat and the corncob powder, putting the wheat into a steaming drawer, steaming the mixture by using steam with the temperature of more than 100 ℃, putting the mixture into a sterilization bag to form a cultivation medium, taking the morchella raw embryo prepared in the step five, taking out the morchella raw embryo, separating the morchella raw embryo into small pieces, inoculating the small pieces into the cultivation medium in a two-end inoculation mode, and sealing the opening by using a breathable tape;
step seven: planting; observing the culture medium prepared in the step six, crushing the culture medium when hyphae grow fully and sclerotia grow out, and sowing the crushed culture medium in a field in a broadcasting mode;
step eight: keeping the temperature of the field at 15-22 ℃, the humidity at 40-50%, the shading rate at 85-95%, and maturing the morchella after 25-28 days.
2. The cultivation method of artificially cultivated morchella according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the second step, the air drying mode is to use a blower to blow the soaked toadstool stock seeds A thoroughly, and ensure that the air drying degree of the toadstool stock seeds A is not dropped.
3. The cultivation method of artificially cultivated morchella according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the third step, the size of the small pieces cut from the original toadstool strain A is not less than 2cm, and the distance from the original toadstool strain A to the culture medium is 4-5 cm.
4. The cultivation method of artificially cultivated morchella according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fifth step, the temperature range of the heat-preserving and moisture-preserving box is 22-25 ℃, and the humidity is 60-70%.
5. The cultivation method of artificially cultivated morchella according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the sixth step, the wheat, the fruit tree wood powder and the corncob powder are subjected to enzyme deactivation treatment before being prepared, wherein the weight percentage of the components is 40% -45% of the wheat, 40% -45% of the fruit tree wood powder and 10% -20% of the corncob powder.
6. The cultivation method of artificially cultivated morchella according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the sixth step, the steam steaming time is 12-14 h.
7. The cultivation method of artificially cultivated morchella according to claim 1, characterized in that: and step seven, land preparation and adjustment treatment are carried out on the fields.
8. The cultivation method of artificially cultivated morchella according to claim 7, characterized in that: the field adjustment process includes: A. scattering quicklime; B. cultivating and ploughing; C. and (5) turning over the ground.
9. The cultivation method of artificially cultivated morchella according to claim 8, characterized in that: after planting in one season, before planting again, the field adjustment processing steps are repeated.
10. The cultivation method of artificially cultivated morchella according to claim 7, characterized in that: in the quicklime spreading step, the pH value of the field is adjusted to 6.5-8.5, and 120-180 jin is spread per mu.
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