CN1478410A

CN1478410A - Cotton straw detoxificated partical feed

Info

Publication number: CN1478410A
Application number: CNA031473598A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 熊仕玉
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2003-07-13
Filing date: 2003-07-13
Publication date: 2004-03-03

Abstract

A detoxicated granular feed is prepared from cotton stalk through pulverizing, adding energy substance, nitrogen, microbial activator and pH regulator, both aerobic and anaerobic fermenting at 10-40 deg.C for 5-12 days, seeling, detoxicating and granulating. Its advantages are high palatability, easy digestion, and high effect to increase lean meat percentage or milk output.

Description

Cotton straw detoxification pellet

One, technical field: the invention belongs to a kind of cotton straw microbiological fermented feed, especially a kind of cotton straw detoxification pellet.

Two, background technology: the ubiquity grass-land deterioration is serious at present, and the forage grass deficiency can not satisfy the demand of animal husbandry development to forage grass, in addition because the stable development of cotton planting industry, cultivated area reaches 1,000 ten thousand mu, cotton stalk burden reaches 5,000,000 tons, on average contains thick protein 9.96%, crude fat 3.65% after deliberation in the cotton stalk, crude fibre 32.15%, NFE 45.31%, ash content 8.06%, calcium 2.18%, phosphorus 0.12%, moisture 6.84%.The cotton stalk direct returning to farmland brings disease and pest easily for coming year cotton planting, and the waste that acts as a fuel is bigger.The situation of feeding livestock on a small quantity after exist to pulverize some areas contains lignin up to 70% in the cotton stalk, the livestock mouthfeel of searching for food is poor, and grazing rate is low, and digestibility is low.Owing to have toxic component---gossypol simultaneously in the cotton stalk, easily cause poisoning during pasture, influence digestion, uropoiesis, nerve and fertility systematic function, the gossypol toxin of livestock body accumulation can further influence the health of human body.Though so be rich in multiple nutrients in the cotton stalk, can only direct returning to farmland under the prior art condition, and can not cross also field of abdomen as animal feed, reason is the technical scheme of carrying out the feed processing after the still unmatchful cotton stalk detoxification in the prior art.

Three, summary of the invention: technical problem to be solved by this invention is to propose a kind of cotton straw detoxification pellet, the technical scheme that solves technical problem of the present invention is cotton crushed stalk, add energy matter and bacterial classification, add nitrogen, add the microorganism activator, add the PH conditioning agent, carry out aerobic and anaerobic double fermentation, sealing is made through granulation after the detoxification.

Cotton straw detoxification pellet advantage of the present invention is under 10-40 ℃ of normal temperature anaerobism or little aerobic condition, the bacterial classification decomposition utilizes the plain a large amount of breedings of straw fiber, produces a large amount of mycoproteins, produces a large amount of organic acids simultaneously, cellulose is fully degraded, and process was converted into fermented feed in 5-12 days.The crude fibre degradation rate improves 12%, and crude protein is more than 8%, and about gossypol content 200ppm, digestibility improves 20%.Quality softness, smell sweet-smelling, good palatability, animal happiness food can be saved concentrated feed, improves lean meat percentage, reduces the lipopexia amount relatively, and meat is bright fragrant.Be used for feeding cow and can save fine fodder raising lactation amount.Animal spirit, the health status such as hair pool, ight soil of cotton straw detoxification pellet of the present invention of searching for food are obvious.

Four, the specific embodiment:

Embodiment 1: with cotton crushed stalk, and dried one ton in the water that adds of cotton straw per ton, 10 kilograms of salt, 10 kilograms in wheat bran, bacterial classification 50 grams, culture medium 450 grams; Pouring in the water bacterial classification, culture medium, salt, wheat bran into dissolving stirs evenly standby; Cotton straw powder is spread in the cellar for storing things, and every layer of about 20 cm thick evenly spray bacterium liquid, repave one deck after having sprayed, and spray bacterium liquid again, till exceeding 40 centimetres of entrance of cellars; Add a cover Polypropylence Sheet after filling, but aerobic fermentation is carried out in blow-by in the cellar for storing things, about 3-5 days, when temperature reaches more than 50 ℃ in the cellar for storing things, row sealing again, carry out oxygen consumption fermentation, earthing 15-20 cm thick comprehensively, earthing is thicker and tread to compress and prevent gas leakage around the entrance of cellar, most of oxygen expenditure is intact in the about 1-2 days cellars for storing things, oxidation heating final temperature descends thereupon, weary oxygen in the cellar for storing things, and anaerobic fermentation approximately need to begin 3-4 week, feed PH4.5-5.5 can open the cellar for storing things in the cellar for storing things, makes through granulation.

Stalk after the pulverizing 20-30% that can cut the waste, the energy that reduces the animal chew feed consumes 1000-1700 kilocalorie/kg, with mechanical energy instead of part digestible energy, has increased the acting surface of microorganism and digestive ferment, helps the softening and degraded of crude fibre.Add energy matter, solve growth of microorganism breeding, synthetic, decomposition, metabolism institute energy requirement.Add nitrogen, only synthesize the usefulness of oneself protein matter for microorganism.Add the microorganism activator, the plain decomposer of activation fiber.Add the PH conditioning agent, impel cellulose-decomposing bacterium growth and breeding under the environment of suitable neutral alkali partially.

Under aerobic conditions, cellulose can be by the aerobe oxidation Decomposition, producing a large amount of heat in the decomposable process can make the fermented feed internal temperature reach more than 50 ℃, in this case, though the loss of energy is arranged, but the lignocellulosic that can make straw obtains fine softening, the part cellulose conversion is county Party committee's disaccharides simultaneously, further be hydrolyzed to this process of glucose again and be referred to as cellulosic oxidation Decomposition, be generally 7-15 days, expire and in time to stop, otherwise energy matter can lose totally or it is rotten to go rotten.After aerobic fermentation is finished, immediately fermentation vat is sealed, remain little air this moment, soon aerobic microbiological runs out of, make and form anaerobic state in the pond, aerobe is suppressed, meanwhile anaerobe begins to enliven, growth and breeding decomposes and utilizes cellulose, produces a large amount of volatile fatty acids simultaneously, the acidity of fermented feed is reached below the PH5, harmful bacteria can't growth and breeding under this environment, but as long as airtight long preservation, along with the prolongation fiber of time will also constantly be increased by further degradation bacteria body protein.Above sweat can be referred to as " preservation of aerobic fermentation anaerobism ".In production process fermented feed segmentation or layering are separated, use ventilative oxidation deterioration, promptly prevent secondary fermentation in case open the cellar for storing things.In case when feed taking place rotten sign being arranged, entrance of cellar seals immediately, crosses 7-15 days feeds and recovers again naturally, can take from the other end opening at cellar for storing things therebetween.The mechanism of gossypol being carried out detoxification is that fermentation produces heat and impels the gossypol volatilization, and the fermentation alkaline environment destroys gossypol, and the metal ion in the masterbatch combines with gossypol, is difficult for being absorbed by animal.

Embodiment 2: smashing fineness 2-3cm among the embodiment 1, make oxen and horses mule donkey feed.

Embodiment 3: smashing fineness 0.7-1.5cm among the embodiment 1, make the sheep feed.

Embodiment 4: smashing fineness 1-1.2cm among the embodiment 1, make pig feed.

Embodiment 5: bacterial classification is that bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete and cellulase, mould, the geotrichum candidum of wood, protease, lipase, amylase, carbohydrase isoreactivity material constitute among the embodiment 1.Adding energy matter is the masterbatch culture medium, main component be potato, sweet potato, glucose ... corn flour, bamboo leaf powder, bamboo whip powder, agar and trace element etc.

Embodiment 6: add microorganism activator element S, the plain decomposer of activation fiber.

Embodiment 7: add microorganism activator element cobalt, the plain decomposer of activation fiber.

Embodiment 8: add microorganism activator cobalamin, the plain decomposer of activation fiber.

Embodiment 9: add the PH conditioning agent, impel cellulose-decomposing bacterium growth and breeding under the environment of the neutral alkali partially of suitable PH7-7.4.

Claims

1, a kind of cotton straw detoxification pellet is characterized in that, with cotton crushed stalk, adds energy matter and bacterial classification, adds nitrogen, adds the microorganism activator, adds the PH conditioning agent, carries out aerobic and anaerobic double fermentation, and sealing is made through granulation after the detoxification.

2, cotton straw detoxification pellet as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, with cotton crushed stalk, and dried one ton in the water that adds of cotton straw per ton, 10 kilograms of salt, 10 kilograms in wheat bran, bacterial classification 50 grams, culture medium 450 grams; Pouring in the water bacterial classification, culture medium, salt, wheat bran into dissolving stirs evenly standby; Cotton straw powder is spread in the cellar for storing things, and every layer of about 20 cm thick evenly spray bacterium liquid, repave one deck after having sprayed, and spray bacterium liquid again, till exceeding 40 centimetres of entrance of cellars; Add a cover Polypropylence Sheet after filling, but aerobic fermentation is carried out in blow-by in the cellar for storing things, about 3-5 days, when temperature reaches more than 50 ℃ in the cellar for storing things, row sealing again, carry out oxygen consumption fermentation, earthing 15-20 cm thick comprehensively, earthing is thicker and tread to compress and prevent gas leakage around the entrance of cellar, most of oxygen expenditure is intact in the about 1-2 days cellars for storing things, oxidation heating final temperature descends thereupon, weary oxygen in the cellar for storing things, and anaerobic fermentation approximately need to begin 3-4 week, feed PH4.5-5.5 can open the cellar for storing things in the cellar for storing things, makes through granulation;

3, cotton straw detoxification pellet as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, smashing fineness 2-3cm makes oxen and horses mule donkey feed.

4, cotton straw detoxification pellet as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that smashing fineness 0.7-1.5cm makes the sheep feed.

5, cotton straw detoxification pellet as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that smashing fineness 1-1.2cm makes pig feed.

6, cotton straw detoxification pellet as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, adding energy matter is the masterbatch culture medium, main component comprise potato, sweet potato, glucose ... corn flour, bamboo leaf powder, bamboo whip powder, agar and trace element etc., bacterial classification are that bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete and cellulase, mould, the geotrichum candidum of wood, protease, lipase, amylase, carbohydrase isoreactivity material constitute.

7, cotton straw detoxification pellet as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, extracts leaf protein from clover leaf juice.The tree alfalfa cauline leaf in the isolated green precipitate thing, extracts leaf protein after pulverizing, squeezing.

8, cotton straw detoxification pellet as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, adds microorganism activator element S, the plain decomposer of activation fiber.

9, cotton straw detoxification pellet as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, adds microorganism activator cobalamin, the plain decomposer of activation fiber.

10, cotton straw detoxification pellet as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, adds the PH conditioning agent, impels cellulose-decomposing bacterium growth and breeding under the environment of the neutral alkali partially of suitable PH7-7.4.