CN1444644A - 含有包封组合物的制品 - Google Patents
含有包封组合物的制品 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1444644A CN1444644A CN01813329.0A CN01813329A CN1444644A CN 1444644 A CN1444644 A CN 1444644A CN 01813329 A CN01813329 A CN 01813329A CN 1444644 A CN1444644 A CN 1444644A
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- capsule
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- water
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 68
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 33
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- NSOXQYCFHDMMGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrakis(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine Chemical compound CC(O)CN(CC(C)O)CCN(CC(C)O)CC(C)O NSOXQYCFHDMMGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 3
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
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- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/04—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties combined with or containing other objects
- C11D17/041—Compositions releasably affixed on a substrate or incorporated into a dispensing means
- C11D17/042—Water soluble or water disintegrable containers or substrates containing cleaning compositions or additives for cleaning compositions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D75/00—Packages comprising articles or materials partially or wholly enclosed in strips, sheets, blanks, tubes, or webs of flexible sheet material, e.g. in folded wrappers
- B65D75/38—Articles or materials enclosed in two or more wrappers disposed one inside the other
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/04—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties combined with or containing other objects
- C11D17/041—Compositions releasably affixed on a substrate or incorporated into a dispensing means
- C11D17/042—Water soluble or water disintegrable containers or substrates containing cleaning compositions or additives for cleaning compositions
- C11D17/045—Multi-compartment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
- C11D3/3947—Liquid compositions
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
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- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种包括由水反应性物质制成的第一囊的制品,其包括:a)第一固体或液体组合物;和b)由水反应性物质制成的第二囊,在其内部包括第二种固体或液体组合物。本发明也提供制造这种制品的方法。优选该制品包含用于洗衣的织物清洗组合物、洗餐具或硬表面清洗组合物或织物护理组合物。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及一种包括由水溶性薄膜制成的第一囊的制品。本发明也涉及能顺序释放至少两种不同组合物的制品。
发明背景
市场上我们可以找到,各种形式的清洗产品和织物护理产品,如颗粒状组合物,液体组合物和片剂。我们也知道,可以将清洗产品置于水溶性或水可渗透的单元剂量袋中,在加入到水中时能释放所述产品。这种袋,例如洗衣袋,可以有两个隔室,各自包含不同的成分,通常是彼此不相容的成分。这些隔室通常连接到另一个隔室上。
我们已经发现了一种改进的方法,其能使含有两个或更多隔室的袋的每一隔室中具有,例如不同的组合物。本发明的这种新袋或制品包括一个由水反应性(溶解性)薄膜制造的在其内部含有第一种组合物的第一囊,和另一个也由水反应性(溶解性)薄膜制造的包含第二种组合物的囊。第二囊被第一囊完全包封。
本发明的制品融合了单隔室囊与双(或更多)隔室囊的所有优点。本发明制品的优点和其制造方法包括,例如:第二囊不与外界环境(空气)接触,因此可得到更好的保护;第一囊和第一组合物的溶解先于第二囊和第二组合物,这就使得各成分能很容易地顺序递送到(洗涤)水中;制品外表面上的密封减少,这样通过密封层渗漏的概率会降低;这种新制品的制造容易;方法的复杂性降低(与将隔室彼此连接的方法相比);且甚至可能会减少需要的囊物质的量。此外,与单独隔室附着于另一隔室的制品相比,第二囊以及制品作为一个整体来看更加结实,耐冲击,(例如,从该制品第二囊中排出液体所需的压力更高,例如50%或更高,这取决于实施的情况)。
还有,在第二囊包含有在第一含粉末囊中包含的液体的情况下,粉末可以很容易地吸收从第二囊中漏出来的少量液体,和/或所得制品更加不易受到第二囊轻微泄漏的影响。在含液体囊处于含囊液体的情况下,仅仅第一囊容易受到向外界环境泄漏的影响。
发明概述
本发明涉及一种包括由水反应性物质制成的第一囊的制品,在其内部包括:
a)第一固体或液体组合物;和
b)由水反应性物质制成的第二囊,在其内部包括第二种固体或液体组合物。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,第一囊中包含第一种组合物,第二囊中包含第二种组合物。第一囊由释放第一组合物能明显早于第二囊释放第二组合物的物质制成。优选,第一组合物是助洗剂组合物,而第二组合物是织物护理组合物、织物清洗组合物或硬表面清洗组合物。这样的实施方案优选使用能快速溶解和/或破裂以释放第一组合物的第一囊,和能较慢溶解和/或破裂以释放第二组合物的第二囊。这种排列可提供特别有用的效果,如使得顺序进行水软化和随后进行清洗。此外,当第一囊在第二囊之前溶解和/或破裂时,在这种实施方案中,第一囊没有必要将第二囊包含在其中,然而这种实施方案也能顺序释放第一组合物的成分,然后是第二组合物的成分。
本发明也涉及这种制品的制造方法,该方法优选包括通过真空成型或热成型制造第一和/或第二囊的步骤。发明详述制品和囊
本发明的制品包括至少两个囊,并且在一个优选实施方案中,至少一个囊完全包封至少一个其它的囊。本发明的囊具有封闭结构,在其内部(容积)各自包含一种液体或固体组合物。这些囊可以呈任何形式,形状,并且可以为适于盛装组合物的任何物质,例如,不允许在囊与水接触之前从囊中释放组合物的任何物质。除了第二囊外,第一和/或第二囊可以包括另外的(第三和更进一步的)包含第三和其他组合物的囊。制品的确切效果将取决于,例如,各囊中组合物的类型和量、囊的数目、制品或囊容纳、保护和递送或释放组合物所需的特性。
各囊均包括液体或固体组合物,其可以是任何组合物,它被递送(通常在水中)以用来形成溶液,并且可能会得益于制品排列或递送形式,但优选的是织物护理,或清洗组合物,如本发明中随后描述的那些组合物。典型的组合物含有在不同阶段递送到水中的活性物(顺序释放)和/或由于任何原因,如这些活性物或者组合物整体的化学或物理稳定性而彼此分离的活性物。
制品的大小可以是这样,即,它能很方便地包含一个单位剂量的本发明组合物,适合于需要的操作,例如一次洗涤,或者仅仅包含部分剂量,使消费者能有更大的弹性改变其使用量,例如根据洗涤负荷的污垢大小和/或程度来改变使用量。包含在第一囊中的第二囊当然小于第一囊。确切的尺寸将取决于各囊需要包含的量的大小和这样所需的体积大小。因为本发明可用于在后面的阶段中递送特定的活性物或用于防止特定的活性物免受外界环境(空气)或另一囊中其它活性物的影响,第二囊通常具有相对小的体积,例如低于第一囊体积的50%,或甚至低于30%,或甚至低于20%,和通常大于3%,优选大于5%。当然,这同样适用于第一囊中包含的任何其他的囊,相同的体积比例优选适用于第二囊中包含的其他囊。当制品用于洗衣或洗餐具机和可能需要通过分配屉分配到水中时,第二囊具有这样的尺寸是有益的,即它可以通过分配屉的小孔而分配到洗涤水中,特别是当制品用于顺序释放产品并且其制造使得第一囊溶于分配屉中,第二囊不溶于分配屉中但完全分配到洗涤水中时更是如此。
囊是由水反应性物质制造的。对于本发明来说,水反应性物质意味着在与水接触时,或者能溶解、破裂、分散或崩解以释放组合物的物质(或其混合物)。优选,所述物质是水溶性的。
由于制品结构性质所决定,第一囊将先于第二囊在水中反应以释放其成分。为了进一步增强这一顺序释放效果,第一囊的水溶性可以比第二囊更好。这可以,例如通过对第一囊使用与第二囊类型不同的物质而实现,例如,第一囊可由具有聚合物种类不同,增塑剂不同,物质中组分的量不同,薄膜物质的涂层不同,薄膜物质的厚度不同的物质组成。在本发明的优选实施方案中,囊的制造方法包括将用于囊的物质进行拉伸。然后,以上效果也可以通过将第一囊中的物质拉伸到大于第二囊的程度而实现。
第一囊优选由水溶性薄膜制造,所述水溶性薄膜在水中的溶解度至少为50%,优选至少75%,或甚至至少95%,这是使用最大孔径为50微米的玻璃过滤器,通过以下列出的方法测定的,即:
用于测定隔室和/或囊物质水溶性的重量分析法:
将50±0.1克物质加入到400毫升重量已测的烧杯中,加入245ml±1毫升蒸馏水。在磁力搅拌器上以600rpm的速率剧烈搅拌30分钟。然后,通过孔径定义如上(最大50微米)的折叠的定性烧结玻璃过滤器过滤混合物。通过任何通用的方法进行干燥,脱除收集的滤液中的水,测定剩余聚合物的重量(其为溶解或分散的馏分)。然后,可以计算出%溶解度或分散性。
可能优选的是,第二囊由其水溶性与第一囊物质相等的物质组成;根据以上说明,可能也优选的是,第二囊的溶解度低于第一囊,而且第二囊薄膜的溶解度仅仅是按如上方法测定的第一种物质溶解度的90%或更低,或甚至仅仅是80%或更低,或甚至仅仅是60%或更低,或甚至仅仅是50%或更低。在第一囊中不包含第二囊的情况下,这种溶解度的差别是特别优选的。
优选的物质是聚合物,例如形成薄膜或薄片的聚合物的薄膜。该薄膜可以,例如通过本领域已知的聚合物的铸塑、吹塑、挤出或吹胀挤出而获得。优选的聚合物、共聚物或其衍生物选自聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚亚烷基氧化物、丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸、纤维素、纤维素醚、纤维素酯、纤维素酰胺、聚醋酸乙烯酯、聚羧酸和盐、聚氨基酸或肽、聚酰胺、聚丙烯酰胺、马来酸/丙烯酸共聚物、包括淀粉和明胶的多糖、天然树胶,如黄原胶和carragum。更优选聚合物选自聚丙烯酸酯和水溶性的丙烯酸酯共聚物、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠、糊精、乙基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、麦芽糖糊精、聚甲基丙烯酸酯,最优选聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯醇共聚物和羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)。聚合物可以具有任意的重均分子量,优选为约1000-1,000,000,或甚至10,000-300,000,或甚至15,000-200,000,或甚至20,000-150,000。
也可以使用聚合物的混合物。根据其应用场合和需要,这可能特别有益于控制隔室或囊的机械和/或溶解性质,例如,可能优选一种聚合物材料比另一种聚合物材料具有更好的水溶性。和/或一种聚合物材料比另一种聚合物材料具有更高的机械强度。可能优选使用具有不同重均分子量的聚合物的混合物,例如重均分子量为10,000-40,000,优选约20,000的聚乙烯醇(PVA)或其共聚物的混合物,和重均分子量为约100,000-300,000,优选约150,000的PVA或其共聚物的混合物。
同样有用的是聚合物共混组合物,例如包含可水解降解和水溶性聚合物共混物的聚合物共混组合物,如聚交酯和聚乙烯醇,它是通过将聚交酯和聚乙烯醇混合得到的,通常包含1-35wt%的聚交酯和大约65-99wt%的聚乙烯醇,如果该物质将是水溶性的话。
可能优选的是,薄膜中的聚合物有60%-98%,优选80%-90%为水解聚合物以改进物质的溶解性,和/或优选对薄膜中的增塑剂,包括水的量进行改变以根据需要调节其溶解性。
最优选的是PVA薄膜。优选,聚合物在薄膜中的量,例如PVA聚合物的量,为至少60%。这种薄膜通常包括性质与美国印地安那州加里的Chris-Craft Industrial Products公司以商品名M8630或CXP4087出售的已知薄膜类似的PVA聚合物。优选,第一囊由具有含PVA聚合物的薄膜M8630性质的膜物质组成,而第二囊由性质与含PVA薄膜CXP4087类似的物质组成。更优选的是M8630和/或CXP4087物质本身。其它非常优选用于本发明中的PVA薄膜也可得自日本Aichi的Aicello ChemicalCo.,Ltd.公司出售的″Solublon PT30″和″Solublon KA40″。
本发明中的薄膜可以包括其它的添加剂成分,如增塑剂(例如含水甘油,乙二醇,二乙二醇,丙二醇,山梨糖醇及其混合物),稳定剂,崩解助剂等等。如果制品中的一种或多种组合物是清洗组合物,那么囊物质本身可以包括清洁剂或可用于清洗组合物,被递送到洗涤水中的添加剂,例如,有机聚合物污垢释放剂,分散剂,染料转移抑制剂。
优选,囊,特别是第一囊由可拉伸的物质组成,如本发明中所阐明的。当填充到90体积%以上乃至95体积%,甚至100%或甚至过填充时,这会促进敞开囊的闭合。此外,该物质优选为有弹性的,以确保操作过程中组合物能在其中紧紧地包装和固定,例如确保在隔室闭合之后不会形成(另外的)净空高度。优选可拉伸物质的最大拉伸度为至少150%,优选至少200%,更优选至少400%,所述最大拉伸度是在对1厘米宽的一片薄膜施以约1-约20牛顿的力时,这一片物质在刚好由于拉伸断裂之前的长度与原始长度相比较而言确定的,优选,所述物质在使用约2-约12牛顿,更优选约3-约8牛顿的力时,具有如前所述的拉伸度。例如,逐渐增加应力,沿纵向拉伸一片长10厘米,宽1厘米,厚40微米的薄膜,直到其断裂。通过连续测定长度可以测定出刚好在断裂之前的拉伸程度并且可以计算出拉伸度。例如,原始长度为10厘米的一片薄膜在用9.2牛顿的力拉伸到刚好断裂前的52厘米长时,最大拉伸度为520%。
将这一片薄膜(10厘米×1厘米×40微米)拉伸到200%的拉力优选在上述范围之内。这尤其可确保在形成囊或封闭囊之后薄膜中保留的弹力足够高以将组合物紧紧地包在囊内(但不能高到,在通过包括利用真空,如通过真空成型或热成型的方法制备囊时,使薄膜不能被吸入到合理深度的真空塑模中)。
如本发明中所明确定义的,可拉伸的物质是由在其不作为封闭囊存在的条件下测定的拉伸度所定义的。但是,如以上所述,该物质优选在形成或封闭囊时被拉伸。例如,这可以通过在拉伸前将网格印到所述物质,例如薄膜上,然后再形成囊而观察到;可以看出,网格被拉长了并因此认为其被拉伸了。
可拉伸物质的弹性可以定义为“弹性回复”。这可以通过将物质拉伸到,例如200%伸长,如以上所述,并且测定拉伸力释放之后的物质的长度而加以测定。例如,用2.8牛顿的力(如上)将一片长10厘米、宽1厘米、厚40微米的薄膜纵向拉伸到20厘米(200%伸长),然后除去拉伸力。薄膜很快恢复到12厘米长,这表明其有80%的弹性回复。优选,囊物质,尤其是第一囊的弹性回复为约20%-约100%,更优选约50%-约100%,更优选约60%-约100%,更加优选约75%-约100%,并且甚至更优选为约80%-约100%。
通常并且优选,由于形成和封闭过程,拉伸度在整个囊上是不均匀的。例如,当将薄膜放在塑模中,并通过真空成型形成敞开的囊时,塑模底部的一部分离封闭点最远的薄膜将被拉伸到超过其上部。使用可拉伸的和还优选是弹性的物质的另一个优点是拉伸作用不均匀地拉伸物质,这样会导致囊的厚度不很均匀。这样就可以控制本发明囊的溶解/崩解或分散。优选,对物质进行的拉伸使得拉伸后的物质形成的囊中厚度变化为10-1000%,优选20%-600%,或甚至40%-500%或甚至60%-400%。这可以通过任何的方法,例如使用适当的测微计来进行测定。
在一个优选实施方案中,第一囊释放第一组合物明显早于第二囊(或任何随后的囊)释放第二组合物。本发明中使用的术语″明显早于″表示第一组合物的释放比第二组合物的释放要早至少约30秒,优选约45秒-约10分钟,更优选约60秒-约5分钟。此外,这里使用的术语″释放″表示优选仅通过囊物质和水之间的相互作用而使囊破裂,溶解,和/或断裂,以便使得其中包含的组合物在水中起作用。或者,囊可以含有一种可溶解的密封层,它在溶解时会释放囊中的成分。
优选,在差不多与例如洗衣机中的水接触的同时,第一囊开始释放其成分。更优选,在与水接触之后约1秒-约120秒,更优选约5秒-约60秒时第一囊开始释放其成分。这一实施方案是特别优选的,其中第一组合物通过,例如使水变软,除去另外的反应性和/或不希望的离子等来增强第二组合物的活性。因此,在这种实施方案中,非常优选第一组合物包含助洗剂组合物、螯合剂、氯离子遮蔽剂或其组合。这类化合物和/或组合物本身在本领域中是已知的。这种实施方案在制造和后勤保障方面具有明显的优越性,如使得可制备单一的基础第二组合物(例如,基础洗衣洗涤剂组合物),并且还使得可以很容易地按要求定制第一组合物以适应跨区域的水硬度、氯含量、杂质含量等等的局部变化。这种令人惊讶的效果给与制造商一定的弹性以在多个国家使用单一的基础组合物,并因此可以极大地节省生产、配制和后勤成本。
另外,第二囊组合物的延迟释放可使通常与第一囊组合物不相容的物质的使用成为可能。例如,漂白剂和酶。这样,第一组合物就会在第二组合物释放之前在溶液中起作用。制造制品和囊的方法
本发明的制品是通过向第一囊中引入包含组合物的第二囊的方式制造的,这样第一囊就会完全包封第二囊。该方法优选包含以下步骤:
a)形成敞开形式的第二囊,在所述敞开的第二囊中加入第二组合物并封闭该囊得到第二囊;
b)形成敞开形式的第一个囊,在所述敞开的第一囊中加入第二囊和第一组合物并封闭第一囊得到制品。
所述囊可以通过任何方法制造和填充。优选通过热成型乃至更优选通过真空成型的方式制造第一囊并且也优选第二囊(和更进一步优选可能存在的其他囊)。热成型通常包括这样的步骤,即,在施加热的条件下,在塑模中形成敞开的囊,这样会使得用于形成所述囊的物质呈塑模的形状。在本发明中也可以同时或单独使用真空。真空成型通常包括这样的步骤,即,在塑模上施加(部分)真空,这样会将所述物质吸入到塑模中并确保物质具有塑模的形状。
然后,将塑模中的敞开的囊用组合物填充,和在第一囊的情况下,填充组合物和第二囊,然后封闭,通常是用另一片物质封闭敞开囊并将其密封。密封可以通过任何已知的方法,如热封、润湿、使用粘合剂、压缩或其组合来完成。
在本发明方法的选择性实施方案中,第二囊不包含在第一囊中。优选第一囊与第二囊并排放置,和在至少一侧被密封在一起。但是,在这种实施方案中,重要的是第一囊的形成要使得它释放第一组合物还能明显早于第二囊释放第二组合物。优选,这一顺序释放来自于使用快速溶解薄膜来形成第一囊,和使用较慢溶解薄膜来形成第二囊。测定囊释放和溶解时间的方法
准备一个2L的透明玻璃烧杯,其中包含25℃的1.5L去离子水。放入磁力搅拌棒,将转速设定在600rpm,把烧杯置于一张白纸/背景的前面。制备至少一个包含碳酸钠的第一囊,和一个包含另外的碳酸钠和强水溶性蓝色染料的第二囊。使用pH计连续监测烧杯中水的pH,同时目测判断溶液的颜色。还要准备一个计时器。
在加入第一和第二囊之前测定水的基础pH。在加入囊的同时,开始计时。连续监测pH,在pH开始增加和当降低时记算时间。还从这白纸/背景的对面连续监测水的颜色,并且注意什么时候出现第一个蓝色征兆。第一个pH变化表示第一个组合物从第一囊中释放出来,颜色变化和第二次pH增加表示第二组合物从第二囊中释放出来的时间。另外,当第一和第二囊完全溶解时可以从视觉上判断出来。
当使用搅拌棒的搅拌作用模拟实际使用条件时,以上试验方法可与消费者实际的应用,如洗衣机、洗碟机等相比。组合物
本发明的制品包括至少两种彼此分离的组合物,因为它们分别包封在不同的囊中。组合物可以具有相同的组分和形式,但是当然,本发明的效果通常来自于一个制品中包含两种或多种不同的组合物。该制品可用于任何形式的操作,可以将成分引入到溶液中,通常是水中。这种溶液包括保健用品,农产品,包括植物营养素,饮食产品,织物染料或表面染料。优选的制品是供清洗操作之用,如用于自动洗衣,洗餐具,硬表面清洗,洗手,身体清洗,以及专门的织物处理组合物(如漂白添加剂),染料组合物,和织物护理组合物(如织物调理剂或柔软剂),香料组合物,抗皱剂,和干洗助剂。优选第二但是通常是第一组合物为清洗组合物或织物护理组合物,优选硬表面清洁剂,更优选洗衣或洗餐具组合物,包括洗涤剂、预处理或浸湿组合物、及其他漂洗添加剂组合物。
非常优选的是将两种或多种具有两种或多种不同目的的组合物结合起来的制品;例如,一种组合物为清洗组合物,另一种组合物为香料组合物、漂白添加剂、织物软化剂或调理剂染料,或一种组合物为香料组合物,另一种组合物为漂白添加剂、织物调理剂或柔软剂。同样优选的是每一组合物的成分根据其化学或物理相容性进行分隔,例如第二囊中的组合物包括选择的清洗成分,它与第一囊中的组合物成分不相容;例如,一种组合物可以包括漂白剂,另一种组合物可以包括对漂白敏感的或反应性的成分,如香料、酶、有机聚合物、漂白催化剂。
每一组合物中的成分也可以这样分隔开,其使得第一组合物包括首先递送到水中的成分,另一种(些)组合物包括后来递送到水中的成分;例如,第一组合物可以包含表面活性剂、助洗剂、酶和/或螯合剂,第二组合物可以包含漂白剂、香料、织物软化剂或调理剂或其混合物;第一组合物可以包括香波,而第二组合物则可以包括头发护理产品;第一组合物可以包括洗餐具组合物,包括助洗剂、螯合剂、表面活性剂和/或酶,而第二组合物则包括漂洗助剂、玻璃护理剂。非常优选的是洗衣或洗餐具组合物,其中一个囊,通常是第一、较大的囊包括清洗剂,而第二囊包括织物护理剂,如调理剂或柔软剂、香料、抗皱剂、织物有益剂,如污垢释放聚合物、织物整合性聚合物、防晒剂和/或第二囊包括如漂白剂、织物染料等添加剂。优选第一囊包括洗衣洗涤剂,其至少包含表面活性剂,优选助洗剂,和一种或多种酶,漂白剂,螯合剂,抑泡剂以及任选的其它成分,和该囊包括硅基柔软剂或柔软粘土。
第一组合物可以是透明的液体、非水液体、凝胶等,这样就可以看见第二囊。与第一囊或其中的组合物相比,第二囊或其中的组合物也可以具有不同的颜色。例如,第二囊中的组合物可以包括(非织物直接)染料,而第一组合物则是无色的或包含不同的染料。
组合物也可以具有不同的物理状态,例如,第一组合物可以为液体,而第二组合物却为固体,或相反。因此,将那些呈液体状态或是能被有力地和有效地递送到液体溶液或悬浮液中的成分,例如柔软剂、液体非离子型表面活性剂、香料油、水及其他溶剂引入到一个组合物中,将固体成分,例如不易溶于有机溶剂或水中、乃至根本不溶的活性物,或是能被更有效地或有力地递送、引入的活性物,或呈固态的活性物,例如,酶颗粒、漂白剂颗粒、不溶助洗剂和聚合物的成分、助洗剂或表面活性剂盐、香料颗粒、粘土、泡腾源引入到另一个组合物中是有益的。
固体组合物或非水液体中的优选成分是泡腾源,其在与水接触时能够产生气体,通常是二氧化碳气体,它是由碳酸盐源和酸源,优选碳酸盐和有机羧酸,如柠檬酸、苹果酸、马来酸、戊二酸、富马酸反应形成的。同样优选的是其它的溶解或分配助剂,其在本领域中是已知的。
如果存在液体组合物,它优选仅包含少量的水,最高为组合物重量的8%,或甚至6%,或最高为4%。优选,存在其它的溶剂,如醇、甘油、聚乙二醇、石蜡烃。
如果第一或第二组分包含液体组合物,优选包含液体组合物的该囊具有小的气泡,优选气泡的体积不超过被所述囊包封的体积的20%,优选不超过10%,更优选不超过5%。这种气泡能提供改进的对于由,例如装运期间的受热、冷冻、压缩等等引起的破裂具有一定的耐力。织物处理、清洗和护理组合物的优选成分
第一和/或第二组合物通常包含表面活性剂。优选的表面活性剂选自阴离子、非离子、阳离子、两性、两性兼备的和两性离子表面活性剂及其混合物。关于阴离子、非离子、两性和两性离子种类,及这些表面活性剂类型的典型目录见1975年12月30日授权于Laughlin和Heuring的美国专利3,929,678。其他的例子参见″Surface ActiveAgents and Detergents″(第I和II卷,Schwartz,Perry和Berch)。适合的阳离子表面活性剂的列表参见1981年3月31日授权于Murphy的美国专利4,259,217。组合物优选包括5wt%,更优选10wt%,还更优选15wt%到80wt%,更优选到50wt%,还更优选到30wt%的表面活性剂组合物。
适合用于本发明中的阴离子磺酸盐型表面活性剂包括C5-C20直链烷基苯磺酸盐,烷基酯磺酸盐,C6-C22伯或仲烷基磺酸盐,C6-C24烯属磺酸盐,磺化多羧酸,烷基甘油磺酸盐,脂肪酰基甘油磺酸盐,脂肪的油烯基甘油磺酸盐,和其任意的混合物。适合用于本发明中的阴离子硫酸盐型表面活性剂包括直链和支链的伯和仲烷基硫酸盐,烷基乙氧基硫酸盐,脂肪油酰基甘油硫酸盐,烷基酚环氧乙烷醚硫酸盐,C5-C17酰基-N-(C1-C4烷基)和-N-(C1-C2羟烷基)葡糖胺硫酸盐,和烷基聚糖的硫酸盐,如烷基聚葡糖苷硫酸盐(描述于本发明中的非离子非硫酸化的化合物)。烷基硫酸盐表面活性剂优选选自直链和支链的伯C10-C18烷基硫酸盐,更优选C11-C15支链烷基硫酸盐和C12-C14直链烷基硫酸盐。烷基乙氧基硫酸盐表面活性剂优选选自每分子用0.5-20摩尔环氧乙烷乙氧基化的C10-C18烷基硫酸盐。更优选,烷基乙氧基硫酸盐表面活性剂为每分子用0.5-7,优选1-5摩尔环氧乙烷乙氧基化的C11-C18,最优选C11-C15烷基硫酸盐。本发明特别优选的方案中使用优选的烷基硫酸盐和/或磺酸盐与烷基乙氧基硫酸盐表面活性剂的混合物,如见述于PCT专利申请WO93/18124中的那些。
基本上,任意的烷氧基化的非离子型表面活性剂均适合于本发明。优选乙氧基化和丙氧基化的非离子型表面活性剂。优选的烷氧基化的表面活性剂可以选自烷基酚的非离子缩合物,非离子乙氧基化醇,非离子乙氧基化/丙氧基化脂肪族醇,丙二醇的非离子乙氧基化/丙氧基化缩合物,环氧丙烷/乙二胺加合物的非离子乙氧基化缩合产物。脂族醇与1-25摩尔环氧烷,特别是环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷的缩合产物也适合用于本发明中。脂族醇的烷基链可以是直链或支链,伯或仲烷基链,并且通常包含6-22个碳原子。特别优选的是具有包含8-16个碳原子的烷基的醇的缩合产物。
当本发明的制品是漂白添加剂时,其优选包含漂白剂的混合物,也优选螯合剂和任选的其它成分。当制品是织物清洗制品时,第一和/或第二组合物优选包含漂白剂或其混合物。优选,一种组合物包含漂白活化剂或过酸漂白剂,另一种组合物包含过氧漂白剂,或一种组合物包含漂白活化剂、过酸和/或过氧漂白剂,而另一种组合物包含漂白催化剂。
清洗组合物优选包括3wt%,更优选5wt%,还更优选10wt%到40wt%,更优选25wt%,还更优选20wt%的漂白剂组合物。漂白剂添加剂组合物优选包括20wt%,更优选30wt%,还更优选30wt%到100wt%,更优选到90wt%的漂白剂组合物。
本发明的第一和/或第二组合物优选包含漂白活化剂,其优选含有有机过氧酸漂白剂前体或其混合物。有机过氧酸可以通过前体与过氧化氢源就地反应得到。漂白剂可以选择性地,或另外包括预制的过氧酸漂白剂。
优选的取代过苯甲酸前体化合物为具有如下通式的酰胺基取代的化合物:或
其中,R1为含1-14个碳原子的芳基或烷芳基,R2为包含1-14个碳原子的亚芳基或烷基亚芳基,R5为H或包含1-10个碳原子的烷基、芳基或烷芳基,L基本上可以是任意的离去基团。R1优选包含6-12个碳原子,可以是芳基、取代的芳基或包含支链、取代基或二者的烷芳基,并且可以来自于人造来源或者天然来源,包括例如,牛脂脂肪。R2优选包含4-8个碳原子。对于R2,可以允许有类似的结构变化。取代基可以包括烷基、芳基、卤素、氮、硫及其他典型的取代基团或有机化合物。R5优选为H或甲基。R1和R5包含的碳原子数总计应该不超过18个。这类酰胺取代的漂白活化剂化合物描述于EP-A-0170386。
憎水性过氧酸漂白剂前体优选包括具有氧代苯磺酸盐基团的化合物,优选壬酰基氧代苯磺酸盐(NOBS)、癸酰基氧代苯磺酸盐(DOBS)和/或包含(6-壬酰胺己酰基)氧代苯磺酸盐(NACA-OBS)。同样非常优选的是更亲水的过氧酸漂白剂前体或活化剂,如TAED。
也优选用于本发明的漂白剂为颗粒状的过酸,如各种预制的单过氧羧酸。在更优选的实施方案中,预制的过酸为邻苯二甲酰胺基过氧己酸(PAP)。
漂白活化剂或前体和/或预制的过酸优选以颗粒形式,或以悬浮在液体基质中的颗粒形式使用。液体基质基本上是非水基质,这意指它不包含能导致漂白剂前体或过酸溶解的水量。优选的悬浮剂是不能溶解或损害囊的溶剂。更优选,悬浮剂是长链(例如>6个碳原子),低极性(例如,介电常数低于40)的溶剂。优选的溶剂包括C12-14石蜡烃,更优选C12-14异链烷烃。
无机过水合物盐的例子包括过硼酸盐、过碳酸盐、过磷酸盐、过硫酸盐和过硅酸盐。无机过水合盐通常是碱金属盐。无机过水合盐可以以晶体的形式包括在内,而不进行额外的保护。但是,对于某些过水合盐来说,这种颗粒状组合物优选使用涂敷形式的能为颗粒状产品的过水合盐提供更好的储藏稳定性的物质。适合的涂层包含无机盐,如碱金属硅酸盐、碳酸盐或硼酸盐或其混合物,或有机物质,如蜡、油或脂肪皂。
可以使用过硼酸钠(呈通式为NaBO2·H2O2的一水化物形式或呈四水合物NaBO2·H2O2.3H2O形式的过水合盐),但是其与某些含OH基的囊物质,如PVA不相容,因此常常不优选使用它。碱金属过碳酸盐,特别是过碳酸钠是优选用于本发明中的过水合物。过碳酸钠是一种具有化学式2Na2CO3.3H2O2的加成化合物,它在市场上以晶体的形式出售。
当制品为漂白添加剂或硬表面清洁剂时,也可以使用颗粒状的氯化物漂白剂。适合的漂白剂为呈水溶液形式的次氯酸盐,其包括碱金属和碱土金属次氯酸盐,次氯酸盐加成物,氯胺,氯亚胺,氯醛甲酰胺,和氯酰亚胺。这种化合物的具体的例子包括次氯酸钠,次氯酸钾,一元次氯酸钙,二元的次氯酸镁,氯化磷酸三钠十二水合物,二氯异氰尿酸钾,二氯异氰尿酸钠,二氯异氰尿酸钠二水合物,三氯氰尿酸,1,3-二氯-5,5二甲基乙内酰脲,N-氯硫酰胺,氯胺T,二氯胺T,氯胺B和二氯胺B。优选的漂白剂是次氯酸钠,次氯酸钾或其混合物。优选的氯基漂白剂是Triclosan(商品名)。
包含漂白剂作为洗涤剂组分的本发明的组合物优选包含含金属的漂白催化剂。优选含金属漂白催化剂是含过渡金属的漂白催化剂,更优选其为含锰或钴漂白催化剂。组合物优选包含占组合物重量1ppb(0.0000001%),更优选100ppb(0.00001%),还更优选500ppb(0.00005%),更加优选1ppm(0.0001%)至99.9%,更优选至50%,还更优选至5%,更加优选至500ppm(0.05%)金属漂白催化剂。这种催化剂公开于美国专利4,430,243中。优选的漂白催化剂类型包括美国专利5,246,621、5,244,594和欧洲专利申请5 9,272 A中公开的锰基配合物,这些催化剂的优选的例子包括MnIV 2(u-O)3(1,4,7-三甲基-1,4,7-三氮杂环壬烷)2-(PF6)2,MnIII 2(u-O)1(u-OAc)2(1,4,7-三甲基-1,4,7-三氮杂环壬烷)2-(ClO4)2,MnIV 4(u-O)6(1,4,7-三氮杂环壬烷)4-(ClO4)2,MnIIIMnIV 4(u-O)1(u-OAc)2-(1,4,7-三甲基-1,4,7-三氮杂环壬烷)2-(ClO4)3,和其混合物。其它适合用于本发明中的配体包括1,5,9-三甲基-1,5,9-三氮杂环癸烷、2-甲基-1,4,7-三氮杂环壬烷、2-甲基-1,4,7-三氮杂环壬烷、1,2,4,7-四甲基-1,4,7-三氮杂环壬烷、和其混合物。同样有用的是锰(III)、和/或(IV)与含有至少三个连续的C-OH基团的未羧化的多羟基配体,如山梨糖醇、艾杜糖醇、dulsitol、甘露糖醇、xylithol、阿糖醇、阿东糖醇、内消旋赤藓醇、内消旋肌醇、乳糖、及其混合物形成的水溶性配合物;参见美国专利5,114,606。同样有用的是包含过渡金属配合物的漂白催化剂,包括Mn,Co,Fe,或Cu与非(大)环配体形成的配合物,如描述于美国专利5,114,611中的那些。
其它非常优选的催化剂包括Co(2,2′-双吡啶基胺)Cl2,二(异氰硫基)双吡啶基胺-钴(II),三(二吡吡啶胺)-钴(II)高氯酸盐,Co(2,2-双吡啶基胺)2O2ClO4,双(2,2′-双吡啶基胺)铜(II)高氯酸盐,三(二-2-吡啶胺)铁(II)高氯酸盐,及其混合物。
相对于标准氢电极来说,碱性条件下的还原电势低于0.4伏(优选低于0.2伏)的钴(III)催化剂和钴(II)催化剂也可用于本发明。优选用于本发明的这类钴催化剂是钴五胺氯化物盐,其由M.L.Tobe在″BaseHydrolysis of Transition-Metal Complexes″,Adv.Inorg.Bioinorg.Mech.,(1983),2,第1-94页中进行了描述。最优选用于本发明的钴催化剂是化学式为[Co(NH3)5OAc]Ty的钴五胺乙酸盐,其中OAc表示乙酸部分,特别是钴五胺乙酸盐氯化物,[Co(NH3)5OAc]Cl2;以及[Co(NH3)5OAc](OAc)2;[Co(NH3)5OAc](PF6)2;[Co(NH3)5OAc](SO4);[Co(NH3)5OAc](BF4)2;和[Co(NH3)5OAc](NO3)2(本发明中称作″PAC″)。用于本发明的漂白催化剂的进一步描述可以参见1998年9月11日公开的WO98/39406 A1,1998年9月11日公开的WO98/39098 A1,和1998年9月11日公开的WO98/39335 A1,所有这些均包括在本发明中作为参考。遮光剂和/或染料,以及用于固体组合物的染色颗粒或微粒也可用于本发明中。这里使用的染料可以是颜料或染料的含水或非水溶液。适合的颜料的具体例子包括E104-食品黄13(喹啉黄),E110-食品黄3(日落黄FCF),E131-食品蓝5(专利蓝V),Ultra Marine blue(商品名),E133-食品蓝2(亮蓝FCF),E140-天然绿3(叶绿素和chlorphyllins),E141和Pigment green 7(氯化的酞菁铜)。优选的颜料可以是Monastral Blue BV糊(商品名)和/或Pigmasol Green(商品名)。
同样可用于本发明的是织物直接染料,它用来为用本发明的制品处理的织物提供染色。例如,第二囊可以包括这种染料,而第一囊可以包括清洗剂或染料助剂。
本发明组合物的另一种优选的成分是芳香油或香料组合物。本发明可以使用任意的芳香油或组合物。香料也可以是被包封的香料。第二囊优选包含香料,这样它会在随后的阶段中被递送,以确保能将香料更有效地递送到织物上。优选的是包含香料油和载体的香料组合物,例如见述于JP-56075159中那些,其描述了甲基丙烯腈丁二烯-苯乙烯三元聚合物与液体香料的组合;以及在GB2141726,DE3247709;WO97/34982;WO94/19449;WO98/28398中描述的那些。优选,载体为不溶于水的聚合物,其优选选自已经与香料成分起了化学反应以制造如上提到的载体的聚合物。优选,清洗组合物包括0.05wt%-15wt%,更优选1wt%-10wt%的芳香油组合物或香料组合物。
本发明的组合物优选包含重金属离子遮蔽剂或螯合剂或螯合试剂。在本发明中,″重金属离子遮蔽剂″意指能隔离(螯合)重金属离子的组分。这些组分也可以具有螯合钙和镁的能力,但是优选它们选择络合重金属离子,如铁、锰和铜。用于本发明的适合的重金属离子遮蔽剂包括有机膦酸盐,如氨基亚烷基聚(亚烷基膦酸盐)、乙烷-1-羟基二膦酸碱金属盐和氮川丙撑膦酸盐、氮川三乙酸和聚氨基羧酸,如亚乙基二氨四乙酸、乙二胺二琥珀酸、乙二胺二戊二酸、2-羟亚丙基二胺二丁二酸或其任意的盐,优选二亚乙基三胺五(亚甲基膦酸盐)、乙二胺三(亚甲基膦酸盐)、己二胺四(亚甲基膦酸盐)和羟乙烯-1,1-二膦酸盐、1,1-羟乙烷二膦酸以及1,1-羟乙烷二亚甲基膦酸。重金属离子遮蔽剂通常的用量为组合物重量的0.005%-10%,优选0.1%-5%,更优选0.25%-7.5%,并且甚至更优选0.3%-2%。
用于本发明的其它适合的重金属离子遮蔽剂为亚氨基二乙酸衍生物,如描述于EP-A-317,542,EP-A-399,133,EP-A-516,102和EP-A-528,859中的2-羟乙基乙酰乙酸或甘油基亚氨基乙酰乙酸,和[β]-丙氨酸-N,N′-乙酰乙酸,天冬氨酸-N,N-乙酰乙酸,天冬氨酸-N-单乙酸以及在EP-A-509,382中描述的亚氨基二丁二酸遮蔽剂。其它的氨基型遮蔽剂(EP-A-476,257),胶原蛋白,角蛋白或酪蛋白遮蔽剂(EP-A-510,331),二皮啉酸和2-膦酰丁烷-1,2,4-三羧酸,甘氨酰胺-N,N′-二丁二酸(GADS),乙二胺N,N′-二戊二酸(EDDG)以及2-羟亚丙基二胺-N,N′-二丁二酸(HPDDS)也是适合的。特别优选的是二乙撑三胺五乙酸,乙二胺-N,N′-二丁二酸(EDDS)和1,1-羟乙烷二膦酸或其碱金属、碱土金属、铵、或取代的铵盐,或其混合物。尤其是,包含一个氨基或胺基的螯合剂可以是对漂白剂敏感的并且适合于本发明的组合物。
另一种非常优选用于本发明组合物的成分是一种或多种另外的酶。优选的另外的酶物质包括市售的通常引入到洗涤剂组合物中的脂肪酶、角质酶、淀粉酶、中性和碱性蛋白酶、纤维素酶、endolases、酯酶、果胶酶、乳糖酶以及过氧化物酶。适合的酶在U.S.3,519,570和3,533,139中进行了讨论。优选的市售蛋白酶包括那些由NovoIndustries A/S(丹麦)以商品名Alcalase、Savinase、Primase、Durazyme和Esperase销售的酶,那些由Gist-Brocades以商品名Maxatase、Maxacal和Maxapem销售的酶,那些由GenencorInternational销售的酶,和那些由Solvay Enzymes以商品名Opticlean和Optimase销售的酶。蛋白酶可以以组合物重量的0.0001%-4%活性酶的量引入到本发明的组合物中。
优选的淀粉酶包括,例如,得自特殊的地衣芽孢杆菌菌株的α-淀粉酶,其在GB-1,269,839(Novo)中进行了较详细的描述。优选的市售淀粉酶包括,例如,那些由Gist-Brocades以商品名Rapidase销售的产品,和由Novo Industries A/S以商品名Termamyl、Duramyl和BAN销售的产品。非常优选的淀粉酶可以是在PCT/US 9703635、WO95/26397和WO96/23873中描述的那些。淀粉酶可以以0.0001wt%-2wt%活性酶的量引入到组合物中。
脂肪分解酶存在的量可以是0.0001wt%-2wt%,优选0.001wt%-1wt%,更优选0.001wt%-0.5wt%的活性脂肪分解酶。脂肪酶可以来源于真菌或细菌,可得自,例如,产生脂肪酶的菌株Humicola sp.,Thermomyces sp.或假单胞菌属,包括类产碱假单胞菌或荧光假单胞菌。来自于这些菌株的化学或遗传改性的突变体的脂肪酶也可用于本发明中。优选的脂肪酶源自于类产碱假单胞菌,其在授权的欧洲专利EP-B-0218272中进行了描述。本发明另一种优选的脂肪酶是通过克隆来自于Humicola lanuginosa的基因得到的,并且以Aspergillusoryza中的基因作为宿主进行表达的,见述于欧洲专利申请EP-A-0258068,它由Novo Industri A/S,Bagsvaerd,Denmark以商品名Lipolase出售。该脂肪酶也在1989年3月7日授权于Huge-Jensen等人的US4,810,414中进行了描述。
助洗剂也可用于本发明。含磷酸盐的助洗剂物质可用于本发明中,优选其包括焦磷酸四钠或甚至更优选无水三聚磷酸钠。本发明也优选使用助洗剂,如水溶性的和不溶于水的助洗剂。通常用于本发明固体组合物中的优选的不溶于水的助洗剂是铝硅酸盐,如沸石(沸石A、MAP、P、X)和层状硅酸盐,如通称为SKS-6,由Clariant销售的层状硅酸盐。适合的水溶性的助洗剂化合物包括水溶性的单体聚羧酸盐,或其酸的形式,均聚或共聚多羧酸或其盐,其中多羧酸包括至少两个彼此被不超过两碳原子分隔的羧基基团,和上述任意的混合物。优选的多羧酸助洗剂的例子参见英国专利1,379,241,英国专利1,389,732,荷兰申请7205873,和英国专利1,387,447。最优选的包含三个羧基的多羧酸是柠檬酸,优选以0.1wt%-15wt%,更优选0.5wt%-8wt%的量存在。包含四个或多个羧基和磺基取代基的多羧酸,包括磺基琥珀酸酯也可用于本发明。
单体或低聚多羧酸盐螯合剂或其混合物的母体酸与其盐,例如柠檬酸或柠檬酸盐/柠檬酸混合物也能作为有用的助洗剂组分。
水溶性的磷酸盐助洗剂的适合的例子是三聚磷酸碱金属盐,焦磷酸钠、钾和铵,正磷酸钠和钾,聚合度为6-21的聚偏/正磷酸钠,和植酸盐。
方解石和碳酸钠的组合在第一囊中是特别有用的,其目的是为了提供水软化/助洗效果。如果存在时,方解石通常占组合物的约0.5%-约50%,优选约1%-约30%,更优选约2%-约10%。这种方解石,例如,可得自中国江苏的武进方解石厂。类似地,碳酸钠通常占组合物的约40%-约99.5%,优选约65%-约99%,更优选约80%-约98%。这种碳酸钠,例如,可得自中国天津的天津苏打厂。第一囊也可以包含其它的成分,例如选择性的助洗剂,聚合物,阴离子、非离子和/或阳离子表面活性剂,酶,漂白剂和/或增亮剂。
其它优选的方解石/碳酸盐助洗剂包括包封的和/或非包封的结晶状和/或方解石助洗剂,如在2000年9月5日授权于Capeci和Pancheri的US 6,114,289;2000年8月8日授权于Capeci和Pancheri的US6,100,232;1998年9月17日公开的Pancheri和Rohrbaugh的WO98/40455;1998年3月31日授权于Pancheri等人的US5,733,865;1998年3月24日授权于Pancheri的US5,731,279;1998年1月13日授权于Pancheri等人的US5,707,959;和1997年8月19日授权于Pancheri和Burckett-St.Laurent的US5,658,867中描述的那些。柠檬酸可以任选与方解石和碳酸钠结合以提供缓冲效果。
清洗组合物或织物护理或调理组合物中同样优选的是织物整合性聚合物,如环胺基聚合物,包括两种或多种选自哌嗪、哌啶、表氯醇、表氯醇苄基quat、表氯醇甲基quat、吗啉的组合物的加合物及其混合物。本发明非常优选的环胺型聚合物是直链或支链咪唑-表氯醇共聚物。使用多官能交联剂可以引入一种特定类型的支链。这种聚合物的一个例子如下所列:该物质将通常为洗涤剂组合物或组份重量的约0.01%-约10%,更优选0.05%-6%,或甚至0.05%-3%。
本发明的组合物也可以包括作为污垢释放或织物整合剂的包含阴离子取代基R-X-Z的阴离子纤维素物质的盐,其中R是饱和、不饱和或芳烃间隔基团,X是氧、氮或硫,Z是羧酸盐、磺酸盐、硫酸盐或膦酸盐基团。烃间隔基团优选为C1-C18,更优选C1-C14,或甚至更优选C1-C4饱和、不饱和或芳族基团,优选亚烷基。间隔基团也可以被一个或多个羟基取代。基团X优选为氮,或甚至更优选氧原子。基团Z优选为羧酸盐基团。在此非常优选的是所谓的羧烷基纤维素盐,其中优选烷基包含1-4个碳原子。本发明非常优选的是羧甲基纤维素的钾或钠盐。阴离子纤维素物质将通常为洗涤剂组合物或组分重量的约0.01%-约10%,更优选为组合物重量的0.05%-6%,或甚至0.05%-3%。
对于本发明有用的柔软成分,尤其是当制品为织物护理组合物或同时能进行柔软的织物清洗组合物时,其可以选自任意已知的能提供织物柔软效果的成分,如具有14-X射线衍射图谱的蒙脱石粘土矿物,对于氧化铝和氧化镁类型粘土来说,化学式分别是Al2(Si2O5)2(OH)2和Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)2。要考虑到,上述化学式中的水合水的范围可能会随对粘土进行加工的方法的变化而变化。此外,在蒙脱石的晶格内可能会存在铁和镁的原子替换,同时金属阳离子,如Na+、Ca++,以及H+可能会共存于水合水中以提供电中性。蒙脱石,如蒙脱土和膨润土的离子交换能力为约70毫克当量/100克,并且离子交换能力大于70毫克当量/100克的蒙脱土已经被认为可用于速溶组合物中,因为它们会沉积在织物上以提供想要的柔软效果。因此,用于本发明的粘土矿物可以表征为可膨胀的、离子交换能力至少为约50毫克当量/100克的三层蒙脱石型粘土。蒙脱石粘土公开在美国专利3,862,058、3,948,790、3,954,632和4,062,647中。用于本发明组合物中的蒙脱石粘土为市售的,例如,蒙脱土、铬蒙脱石、囊脱石、锂蒙脱石、皂石、锌蒙脱石和蛭石。本发明的粘土可得自各种商品名,例如来自于GeorgiaKaolin Co.,Elizabeth,N.J.的Thixogel#1和Gelwhite GP;来自于American Colloid Co.,Skokie,Illinois的Volclay BC和Volclay #325;来自于International Minerals and Chemicals的Black Hills Bentonite BH450;和来自于R.T.Vanderbilt的Veegum Pro和Veegum F。欧洲专利EP-A-299,575和EP-A-313,146也描述了适合的有机聚合物粘土絮凝剂。
粘土优选呈颗粒状,其中至少50%,优选至少75%,更优选至少90%的颗粒粒径为至少0.1毫米到1.8毫米,优选最高达1.18毫米,更优选为0.15毫米-0.85毫米。优选颗粒中粘土的量至少为颗粒重量的50%,更优选至少为70%,最优选至少为90%。
其它适合的柔软成分为来源于如环氧乙烷、丙烯酰胺、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯、乙烯醇、乙烯基吡咯烷酮和/或吖丙啶的单体的长链聚合物和共聚物,特别是环氧乙烷、丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸的聚合物。这些聚合物的平均分子量优选为100 000-10 000 000,更优选为150 000-5 000 000,它们是使用凝胶渗透色谱法测定的,以窄分子量分布的聚环氧乙烷为标准。最优选的聚合物为聚环氧乙烷。
其它适合的柔软成分包括适合用于机洗方法的阳离子织物柔软剂。适合的阳离子织物柔软剂包括如GB-A-1 514 276和EP-B-0 011 340公开的不溶于水的叔胺或双长链酰胺物质。
也可以存在中和剂、缓冲剂,包括(重)碳酸盐,相调节剂,水溶长剂,酶稳定剂,多酸,泡沫调节剂,遮光剂,抗氧化剂,杀菌剂,如1981年8月25日授权于Barrat等人的美国专利4,285,841中描述的那些(其在此引入作为参考)。
实施例I
使用圆柱形,直径为10毫米,深度为8毫米的塑模。在塑模的周围边缘存在0.5毫米厚的橡胶层。在塑模材质中有一些孔,它使得可以对塑模施用真空。将一片Chris-Craft M-8630或CXP4087薄膜置于塑模顶部,并固定之。施加真空将薄膜拉到塑模内部,并将薄膜拉到与塑模的内表面齐平。把组合物B或D(参见下文)倾入到塑模内,优选其量差不多或完全能充满塑模。然后,将另一片相同的薄膜物质置于塑模上方,通过在塑模边缘的橡胶环上施加在中压下加热的平坦的环形片而将其密封到第一片薄膜上以将两片薄膜热封在一起形成第二囊。
使用另一个圆柱形,直径为45毫米,深度为25毫米的塑模。在塑模的周围边缘存在1.0毫米厚的橡胶层。在塑模材质中有一些孔,它使得可以对塑模施用真空。将一片Chris-Craft M-8630薄膜置于该塑模的顶部,施加真空将薄膜拉到塑模内并将薄膜拉到与塑模的内表面齐平。把上面的囊B和组合物A或C(参见下文)倾入到塑模内,优选其量差不多或完全能充满塑模。然后,将另一片相同的薄膜物质置于塑模上方,通过在塑模边缘的橡胶环上施用在中压下加热的平坦的环形片而将其密封到第一片薄膜上以将两片薄膜热封在一起形成第一囊并因此得到本发明的制品。(金属环通常被加热到135C-150℃的温度并施加最高达5秒)。
通过使用其它的形成囊形状的方法,其它的薄膜类型,其它的塑模尺寸,密封方法,更多的单独的囊等可以对该方法进行改进。
以下是用于以上方法的可能的组合物A和B、C和D。通常,组合物A和B、C和D的使用量要适合于单元剂量,这样使以上使用的塑模和所得的囊被填充至少90体积%。可以配制其它的同样适合的组合物。
A1-A6可以与任何的B1-B8进行任意的组合,不太优选A5和A6与B1或B3的组合。C1通常与D1组合;C2通常与D2组合;C3通常与D3组合;C4通常与D4组合。
液体组合物A 含量(液体组分的重量)
组合物B 含量(液体组分的重量)
实施例II
A1 | A2 | A3 | A4 | A5 | A6 | |
液体非离子表面活性剂 | 15% | 40% | - | 74% | 10% | |
溶剂(醇、甘油) | 15% | 30% | 20% | 12% | 30% | 20% |
香料 | 5% | - | 7% | 7% | ||
水 | 5% | 10% | 3% | 2% | 5% | |
螯合剂 | 5% | 5% | 10% | - | 15% | 5% |
可溶的助洗剂碳酸盐,脂肪酸, | 35% | 15% | 30% | - | 15% | |
阴离子表面活性剂 | 20% | - | 30% | - | 10% | 10% |
过碳酸盐 | - | - | - | - | 35% | 30% |
TAED,过酸,或催化剂 | - | - | - | - | 10% | 5% |
其他少量物质 |
B1 | B2 | B3 | B4 | B5 | B6 | B7 | B8 | |
过碳酸盐 | 40% | - | 40% | - | - | - | - | - |
螯合剂 | 10% | 20% | 10% | - | - | 15% | - | - |
酶 | - | 50% | - | 20% | 15% | - | - | - |
阳离子柔软剂 | - | - | - | 20% | - | 10% | 60% | - |
漂白活化剂 | 20% | - | 15% | - | - | - | - | - |
溶剂 | - | 20% | - | 10% | 25% | - | - | 40% |
水 | - | - | 5% | - | - | 3% | 30% | - |
表面活性剂 | - | - | - | 30% | - | - | - | - |
香料 | 10% | 5% | 20% | 10% | 12% | 10% | 60% | |
硅酮-柔软剂 | - | - | - | - | 50% | - | - | - |
软化剂(硼润土) | - | - | 25% | - | 60% | - | - | |
其他少量物质 |
组合物C(固体) | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 |
过碳酸盐 | 15% | 50% | - | |
TAED | 10% | - | - | - |
粘土柔软剂和/或阳离子柔软剂和/或硅酮柔软剂 | 35% | - | 65% | - |
聚环氧乙烷,平均分子量:500,000 | 5% | - | 10% | - |
柠檬酸 | 20% | 30% | 10% | 35% |
重碳酸盐/碳酸盐 | 15% | 20% | 10% | 35% |
香料 | 5% | 30% |
组合物D(液体) | D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 |
有机溶剂或悬浮助剂 | 60% | 40% | 50% | 30% |
漂白催化剂 | 10% | 5% | - | - |
PAP | 20% | 20% | - | - |
NOBS/NACA-OBS | 10% | 35% | - | - |
香料 | - | - | 40% | - |
酶 | 10% | 10% | ||
表面活性剂 | 60% | |||
少量加到100% |
由Aicello Chemical Co.,Ltd.,Aichi,Japan以″Solublon PT30″供应的水溶性聚乙烯醇薄膜物质,通过将8厘米×8厘米的正方形薄膜折叠成两半,然后热封2个相对的自由边,形成一边开口的8厘米×4厘米的矩形囊来制造第一囊。然后将来自于中国江苏武进方解石厂的2克方解石,和来自于中国天津的天津苏打厂的10克碳酸钠加入到囊的开口中,压出过量空气,热封焊接开口。
从Aicello Chemical Co.,Ltd.,Aichi,Japan以″Solublon KA40″供应的8厘米×16厘米的长方形第二水溶性聚乙烯醇薄膜物质开始形成第二囊。将长方形折叠成两半,形成8厘米×8厘米的正方形,然后沿着两边热封,然后充满30克具有如下所述组成的颗粒状洗衣洗涤剂。之后相对于第一囊的密封口同时压紧第二囊的开口,并将其热封,以便将第二囊密封并使两个囊熔焊在一起。因此,形成单一单元剂量的包含两个并排密封的水溶性囊的洗衣洗涤剂。
第二囊中的洗涤剂组合物具有如下组成:
wt% |
直链烷基苯磺酸盐 20非离子表面活性剂 1.6沸石 6荧光增白剂 0.2聚丙烯酸酯 3螯合剂 0.3NOBS 2.2过硼酸盐 3酶 1碳酸钠 11.4填料 13.5香料,少量物 余量 |
当加入到包含33L硬度为16格令/加仑(每升4.2格令),温度为25℃的水的自动洗衣机中时,第一囊破裂,并且由此开始在30秒内释放其成分。然后,方解石和碳酸钠与水作用以螯合硬度离子并由此使水软化。第二囊破裂,并因此在约90秒后开始释放其成分。
与其中助洗剂和洗涤剂成分一起包括在内并同时与水接触的洗涤剂组合物相比,这种组合物能提供明显改进的清洗,因为助洗剂具有充分的时间来有效地除去会干扰颗粒状洗涤剂组合物的清洗性能的硬水离子。
根据本发明中描述的方法试验描述于该实施例的第一和第二囊。第一和第二囊连接在一起,并由此同时加入到烧杯中。第一囊包含碳酸钠,第二囊包含碳酸钠和蓝色酞菁锌磺酸盐颗粒。第一囊在约5秒内开始释放其成分,并在囊被加入到烧杯内的水中后约25秒达到pH为11。在囊被加入到水中30秒后,第一囊完全溶解。pH保持为11,直到囊被加入到烧杯中60秒为止。然后,水开始出现蓝色,这表明第二囊已经将其成分释放了出来。将囊加入到水中75秒后,第二囊仅仅残留为漂浮的残余物,水呈蓝色,pH为11.5。在囊加入到烧杯中90秒后,第二囊完全溶解,水呈蓝色,pH保持在11.5。
Claims (19)
1.一种包括由水反应性物质制成的第一囊的制品,在其内部包括:
a)第一固体或液体组合物;和
b)由水反应性物质制成的第二囊,在其内部包括第二种固体或液体组合物。
2.权利要求1的制品,其中第一囊由水溶性的物质制成,该物质优选如一种包含聚乙烯醇聚合物的薄膜。
3.前述任一权利要求的制品,其中第一和第二囊由相同或不同的水溶性物质制成,该物质优选如一种包含聚乙烯醇聚合物的薄膜。
4.前述任一权利要求的制品,其中第二囊由在水中溶解的速度比第一囊物质慢的物质制成。
5.权利要求4的制品,其中第一囊由与第二囊不同的物质制成,其差别在于薄膜厚度、薄膜拉伸度和/或薄膜组成。
6.前述任一权利要求的制品,其中第一和优选第二囊也是通过热成型或真空成型方式制造,优选真空成型方式。
7.前述任一权利要求的制品,其中第一组合物是液体。
8.前述任一权利要求的制品,其中第二组合物是液体。
9.前述任一权利要求的制品,其中第一组合物是织物清洗组合物,其包含至少一种或多种表面活性剂和优选一种助洗剂、螯合剂和/或酶,第二组合物包含漂白剂。
10.前述任一权利要求的制品,其中第一组合物是包含至少一种或多种表面活性剂,优选一种助洗剂、螯合剂和/或酶的织物清洗组合物,和第二组合物包含非清洗,织物护理试剂,优选一种柔软剂和/或香料。
11.权利要求1~10中任一权利要求的制品,其中第一组合物是包含柔软剂、香料、抗皱剂或其混合物的织物护理组合物。
12.前述任一权利要求的制品,其中第二组合物是液体,并且包含非离子表面活性剂和/或织物软化剂、染料或遮光剂和优选香料。
13.前述任一权利要求的制品,其中一种组合物包含漂白剂催化剂和/或过氧漂白剂,另一种组合物包含过酸和/或其前体,或其中一种组合物包含过氧漂白剂和/或过酸前体,另一种组合物包含过酸。
14.制造前述任一权利要求制品的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
a)形成敞开形式的第二囊,在所述敞开的第二囊中加入第二组合物并封闭该囊得到第二囊;
b)形成敞开形式的第一个囊,在所述敞开的第一囊中加入第二囊和第一组合物并封闭第一囊得到制品。
15.权利要求14的方法,其中在步骤b)和优选在步骤a)中,敞开形式的囊是通过热成型或真空成型的方法形成的,优选真空成型方法。
16.一种包括第一囊和第二囊的制品,第一囊中包含第一组合物,第二囊中包含第二组合物,其中,第一囊释放第一组合物明显早于第二囊释放第二组合物。
17.权利要求16的制品,其中,第一囊释放第一组合物比第二囊释放第二组合物至少早30秒。
18.权利要求16的制品,其中,第一组合物选自助洗剂组合物、螯合剂、氯离子多价螯合剂及其组合,和其中,第二组合物选自织物护理组合物、织物清洗组合物、硬表面清洗组合物或其组合。
19.权利要求16的制品,其中第一组合物包含的组份选自助洗剂、聚合物、阴离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂、酶、漂白剂、增白剂及其混合物。
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Cited By (9)
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-
2001
- 2001-07-23 AT AT01959126T patent/ATE310799T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-07-23 DE DE60115244T patent/DE60115244T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-07-23 CN CN01813329.0A patent/CN1444644A/zh active Pending
- 2001-07-23 CA CA002412433A patent/CA2412433A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-07-23 JP JP2002513865A patent/JP2004504449A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-07-23 BR BR0112692-0A patent/BR0112692A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-07-23 WO PCT/US2001/023202 patent/WO2002008380A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-07-23 EP EP01959126A patent/EP1303585B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-07-23 AU AU2001280713A patent/AU2001280713A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-07-23 ES ES01959126T patent/ES2252271T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-07-23 MX MXPA03000709A patent/MXPA03000709A/es unknown
- 2001-07-24 US US09/911,768 patent/US6727215B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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CN101484569B (zh) * | 2006-06-30 | 2013-07-17 | 荷兰联合利华有限公司 | 洗涤用制品 |
CN104114460A (zh) * | 2012-02-09 | 2014-10-22 | 株式会社爱赛璐 | 洗涤剂小包 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2252271T3 (es) | 2006-05-16 |
DE60115244T2 (de) | 2006-08-17 |
GB2365018A (en) | 2002-02-13 |
GB0018055D0 (en) | 2000-09-13 |
EP1303585A1 (en) | 2003-04-23 |
CA2412433A1 (en) | 2002-01-31 |
BR0112692A (pt) | 2003-06-24 |
WO2002008380A1 (en) | 2002-01-31 |
EP1303585B1 (en) | 2005-11-23 |
US6727215B2 (en) | 2004-04-27 |
ES2252271T5 (es) | 2012-07-30 |
EP1303585B2 (en) | 2012-04-18 |
DE60115244D1 (de) | 2005-12-29 |
AU2001280713A1 (en) | 2002-02-05 |
JP2004504449A (ja) | 2004-02-12 |
MXPA03000709A (es) | 2003-06-04 |
ATE310799T1 (de) | 2005-12-15 |
US20020077264A1 (en) | 2002-06-20 |
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