CN1443210A - 生产聚对苯二酸亚丙酯的方法 - Google Patents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/78—Preparation processes
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Abstract
根据本发明提供了一种聚合聚对苯二酸亚丙酯的方法,是通过对苯二酸或对苯二酸二甲酯与1,3-丙二醇酯化反应,将酯化反应产物预缩合生产预缩合产物,并将预缩合产物缩聚以生产聚对苯二酸亚丙酯,和作为副产物的对苯二酸或对苯二酸二甲酯和1,3-丙二醇的环状二聚体,包括:(a)从聚合反应中回收环状二聚体,(b)将0.5-25wt%的环状二聚体在1,3-丙二醇中在0.1-10wt%环状二聚体的碱性催化剂存在的条件下于50-210℃反应5分钟-24小时,(c)任选在(b)的反应产物中中和碱性催化剂,和(d)将反应产物再循环至聚合工艺中。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及一种生产聚对苯二酸亚丙酯的方法,是通过对苯二酸与1,3-丙二醇酯化反应,将酯化反应产物预缩合得到预缩合产物,并将预缩合产物缩聚得到对苯二酸亚丙酯。更具体地说,本发明涉及一种所述方法的改进,其中副产物1,3-丙二醇和对苯二酸的环状二聚体从聚合混合物中除去,转化成可聚合的单体,并重新循环到聚合混合物中。
发明背景
制备聚对苯二酸亚丙酯(PTT)包括对苯二酸(TPA)或对苯二酸二甲酯(DMT)和过量1,3-丙二醇(PDO)在高温240-275℃下,任选在酯化作用催化剂如催化性钛化合物存在的条件下进行反应,得到一种酯化产物,通常是特性粘度相对较低的PTT。然后此酯化产物预缩合,最后预缩合产物缩聚得到PTT。在某些方法中,此后接着是固态聚合以提高PTT的特性粘度,但有一种新方法可以生产特性粘度高的PTT而不用固态聚合。
这种聚合反应产生了多种副产物。这些副产物之一就是PDO和TPA或DMT的环状二聚体。下面所示的这种PTT环状二聚体在大约175℃以下的温度仅微溶于PDO中。因此,除非溶液保持在175℃或以上,此环状二聚体在溶液冷却时就沉淀出来并以固体积累在聚合加工设备中,需要除去。在一个工艺中处理该固体是很昂贵的。而且若温度维持在较高的水平,处理热的液体提高了产品生产成本。环状二聚体是那么易于挥发以致于在聚合过程中会从聚合物中出来。该方法通常引入在聚合方法的真空阶段之一的过程中,即在预缩合或缩聚或者甚至在固体情况下回收环状二聚体的步骤。环状二聚体在高温下通常与聚合物相平衡(缩聚过程中大约2.5wt%而在有点低的温度下进行的固态聚合过程中大约1wt%),因此要被置换出来而这防止了它在熔融或固态反应器中在聚合物里的积累。然而这也导致了加工设备中环状二聚体材料的损失,该损失可高达反应器中聚合物总重的1%或更高。环状二聚体典型地是以固体回收或以1,3-丙二醇中的悬浮液或浆液回收。
因此可以看出有利的是找到一条途径再循环环状二聚体以便输送带有环状二聚体的PDO的线路不必加热到175℃或以上及使得环状二聚体能够转化成PTT以提高该方法的总产率。本发明就提供了这样一种方法。
发明概要
根据本发明提供了一种聚合聚对苯二酸亚丙酯的方法,是通过对苯二酸或对苯二酸二甲酯与1,3-丙二醇酯化反应,将酯化反应产物预缩合生产预缩合产物,并将预缩合产物缩聚以生产聚对苯二酸亚丙酯,和作为副产物的对苯二酸或对苯二酸二甲酯和1,3-丙二醇的环状二聚体,包括:
(a)从聚合反应中回收环状二聚体,
(b)将0.5-25wt%的环状二聚体在1,3-丙二醇中在0.1-10wt%环状二聚体的碱性催化剂存在的条件下于50-210℃反应5分钟-24小时,
(c)任选在(b)的反应产物中中和碱性催化剂,和
(d)将反应产物再循环至聚合工艺中。
产物聚对苯二酸亚丙酯可选是固态的以生产特性粘度更高的聚对苯二酸亚丙酯。
发明的详细说明:
PTT的制备可通过1,3-丙二醇(PDO)与对苯二酸(TPA)或对苯二酸二甲酯(DMT)任选包括其它二醇和/或芳族二酸或它们的二酯有效地反应一段时间,除去副产物水(或醇),以生产出一种聚酯,该酯于25℃在60/40苯酚/四氯乙烷中测定的特性粘度至少0.6dl/g。在此方法的一种变化方案中,PDO基聚酯如PTT可以在两阶段缩聚方法中制备。第一阶段,熔融缩聚或酯化,包括两步,“加压步骤”接着是“真空步骤”。在加压步骤中,过量摩尔的PDO与二酸或其烷基酯反应,任选在加入的催化剂(可以使用一种酯化催化剂如过渡金属催化剂,特别是钛或锡)存在的条件下在240-275℃温度范围内于常压或超计大气压下进行。以副产物形式得到的水或醇通过适合的方式如顶部蒸馏而除去。选择聚合条件以便生产出相对低分子量的聚酯,具有的特性粘度小于0.3,通常在0.05-0.25dl/g范围内。
对于熔融缩聚的真空步骤,减低加在反应混合物上的压力并通常加入催化剂。优选的缩聚催化剂是钛或锡的化合物,如丁醇钛,存在量的范围是10-400ppm钛或锡,以聚合物重量为基础。此步骤一般分成预缩合阶段和缩聚阶段,主要是作为一种使压力逐步降低的途径。第一步的低分子量产物在240-275℃范围的温度下于小于大气压的压力下有效地加热一段时间以将起始材料的特性粘度提高到至少0.5dl/g。在反应过程中,产生作为副产物的另外的水或醇,与过量的二醇一起从塔顶除去。环状二聚体副产物也可在反应中这一点上从塔顶除去。
熔融阶段的反应产物冷却、固化并可选成粒。然后聚合物在低于目标聚合物熔点的高温下,通常(对PTT来说)在高于180℃温度下并优选在200℃以上,减压和/或在惰性气体流下,可缩聚成固体形式(“固态”)。固态相进行的时间,通常4小时或更多,要足以生产出特性粘度至少0.8,通常在0.9-1.1dl/g范围内的聚酯。
还有一种新的连续的完全熔融生产PTT的方法,不要求固态步骤就可达到较高的特性粘度。此方法记载于共悬置的国际申请No.PCT/EP01/04593中。
上述环状二聚体是作为PDO和TPA或DMT反应的副产物形成。环状二聚体在缩聚步骤的熔融聚合物中占大约2.5wt%而在最后的固态聚合物中占大约1wt%。在275℃以下典型的缩聚温度下,PTT熔体的环状二聚体的含量总是少于3.0wt%并且其浓度不受催化剂或其它添加剂的影响。不同于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯生产中形成的环状低聚体,即聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯环状三聚体,PTT环状二聚体很易挥发以至于在上述PTT聚合加工的真空步骤过程以及在真空或氮气流下的固态聚合过程中可大量回收。
尽管环状二聚体在高温下,如175℃或以上,一定程度地溶解于PDO中,但当溶液冷却时它将从PDO中沉淀出来。它从聚合混合物中回收后,与PDO混合的环状二聚体用少量催性催化剂处理。碱性催化剂优选是一种碱金属或碱土金属碱性盐,如氢氧化物、碳酸盐或碳酸氢盐。也可使用羧酸盐如乙酸盐和对苯二酸盐,以及烷氧化物如甲氧化物或乙氧化物。钠、钾、铷、镁、钙和锶碱是优选的,最优选钠和钾的氢氧化物和碳酸盐。
所用碱性催化剂的量为0.1wt%-10wt%,优选1-5wt%,以环状二聚体重量为基础。尽管可以用更高量的催性催化剂以提高环状二聚体在PDO中的反应速率,但过量的碱性催化剂也可影响PDO溶液在制备PTT聚合物中后面的应用。
PDO中的环状二聚体混合物通常含有0.5-25wt%,优选1-10%的环状二聚体,以初始反应混合物重量计。在每一情况下在加回聚合工艺之前,最终的反应混合物产物都可以结合另外的PDO,如果需要的话。
在碱性催化剂存在下环状二聚体与PDO的反应在50-210℃,优选80-180℃,并最优选100-150℃的温度下进行。反应时间取决于所用的温度但它可以少至5分钟高至达24小时或更长。典型地,反应时间在优选的温度下在10-150分钟范围内。当反应混合物冷却到室温时,会形成很少量沉淀,典型地少于10%所加二聚体。若需要,该沉淀可以很容易地通过过滤除去。
根据NMR分析,认为大部分环状二聚体转化成了线性二酯如:
HOCH2CH2CH2(O-COC6H4CO-OCH2CH2CH2)xOH其中x是1或2,该物质更易溶于PDO。此反应混合物接着可以整体或部分用于制备高分子量PTT。如果需要,在接下来的PTT制备之前碱性催化剂可以通过加入非氧化性酸如磷酸、有机磺酸或氢氯酸,或通过使溶液穿过酸性离子交换树脂而部分或完全被中和。然而,在所述的优选条件下,为了将反应产物用于生产PTT,该中和作用不应该是必要的。
从聚合混合物中除去的环状二聚体的纯度,通常范围是10-100wt%纯,通常为50-95wt%纯。典型的残余物是PTT聚合物和低聚物。上述工艺步骤至少部分将PTT聚合物和低聚物转化成了可溶于PDO中的衍生物并将其再循环到聚合工艺中。
反应混合物可在缩聚步骤前的任一阶段再循环到聚合工艺中。优选将其加到进料中,最优选PDO进料或PDO/TPA糊料中。也可在酯化作用过程中加入。
现在通过参考下面的实施例对本发明进行叙述。
实施例1:
带有磁性搅拌棒的烧瓶装入38g PDO(99+%)、2g环状二聚体(93.4%)和0.05g(~2.7%碱:环状二聚体)的碳酸钾。该混合物在油浴中在80℃温度下搅拌加热大约2小时,然后在135℃加热大约1小时,之后环状二聚体消失并且将反应混合物冷却到室温后没有重现。
实施例2
带有搅拌棒的血清瓶装入0.125g环状二聚体(93.4%)、2.375gPDO(99+%)和0.0025g(2.1%)碳酸钾。烧瓶以1小时的间隔在油浴中加热到75、100、125、150、175和200℃。在125℃固体消失,冷却时非常少量的沉淀重现。收集沉淀,发现是0.0104g或者为初始固体量的8.32%。
实施例3
此实验用类似于实施例1的方式进行,用9.5g PDO、0.5g 99+%的环状二聚体和0.005g(1%)的碳酸钾。混合物加热到125℃1小时。所有的固体均消失而冷却到室温有少量沉淀重现。
实施例4
此实验用类似于实施例1的方式进行,用3.4g环状二聚体(99+%)、64.6g PDO和0.034g(1.0%)碳酸钾。混合物加到125℃1小时固体消失。溶液冷到室温时少量沉淀重现。过滤溶液,沉淀用水冲洗,干燥,收集到0.046g沉淀(1.4%)。沉淀和PDO溶液均用NMR检验。分析表明沉淀是大约99.3%的PTT线性二聚体和0.7%的PTT环状二聚体。PDO溶液包含大约2%的PTA的PDO二酯和大约98%的丙二醇。
此实验的PDO相用于标准聚合以生产聚对苯二酸亚丙酯。因此,一个600ml的装有蒸馏柱、冷凝器和收集器的不锈钢压力反应器装入60.0g反应产物(~0.79mol PDO)和93.5g对苯二酸(~0.56mol)。反应器用氮气加压到50-80psi(345-552kPa)并将压力释放5次脱气。然后重新加压至138kPa(20psi)并加热到250℃。压力维持在345kPa(50psi)附近两个小时,然后以每小时69kPa(10psi)的增量减低。总共大约6小时后,释放出任何残留的压力并收集含水馏出物,称重并用GC分析。熔融的低聚物倾倒进一盘中使之冷却。120g低聚物和0.06g丁醇钛加入到一个500ml三颈烧瓶中。烧瓶用氮气脱气并用小氮气流抽空至20kPa(200mbar),在油浴中加热到260℃,以大约20rpm搅拌,压力减至大约0.1kPa(1mbar)。3小时后,冷却反应混合物,分离出聚合物。
在六氟异丙醇中测定特性粘度(IV)。由质子NMR测定环状二聚体(CD)与PTT聚合物之比和PDO重复单元与二丙二醇(DPG)重复单元之比。根据ASTM D-1295用Gardner Colorguard体系105在一个模板上通过反射度来测定聚合物的发黄指数(YI)。在下表中将结果与用聚合等级PDO类似制备的两种聚合物样品A和B比较。
表1
PTT | IV(dl/g) | YI | %环状二聚体 | %DPG(重量) |
实施例4 | 1.15 | 34.3 | 2.3 | 1.7 |
A | 1.14 | 23.9 | 2.4 | 6.9 |
B | 1.13 | 29.0 | 2.4 | 4.0 |
按照IV测定(室温下在六氟异丙醇中),用PDO中的反应产物聚合得到的PTT分子量类似于用纯PDO(>99.5%)制备的PTT。计算60/40苯酚/四氯乙烷中实施例4、A和B相应的IV分别是0.98、0.97和1.11。最终的聚合物中环状二聚体的量也类似。DPG的量下降,这也可能是有利的。实施例4中DPG量较低表明了一种原因即为什么不愿将碱中和。
实施例5-7-与其它碱反应
实施例5类似于实施例1进行,用1.0g环状二聚体(99+%)、19.0g PDO和0.010g(1%)氢氧化钠。混合物加热到125℃1小时。1小时后除少量片状物外所有固体全体消失了。经冷却少量沉淀重现。
实施例6类似于实施例1进行,用0.5g环状二聚体(99+%)、9.5g PDO和0.010g(2%)氢氧化钠。混合物加热到125℃1小时。1小时后溶液透明,经冷却少量沉淀显现。过滤溶液,沉淀用水冲洗并干燥。收集到0.028g沉淀(5.6%)。用NMR检验沉淀,发现为大约50%PTT环状二聚体和50%PTT线性二聚体。
实施例7类似于实施例1进行,用0.5g环状二聚体(99+%)、9.5g PDO和0.010g(2%)氢氧化钙。混合物加热到125℃1小时。1小时后没有固体出现但溶液轻微浑浊。另加入0.10g氢氧化钙并将溶液再加热1小时。溶液仍然浑浊。过滤溶液,沉淀用水冲洗并干燥。收集到0.0016g沉淀(0.3%)。
实施例8-15-PDO和PTT环状二聚体与其它试剂
对比例8-11。四个带搅拌棒的血清瓶装入0.5g环状二聚体(93.4%)、10g PDO(99+%)和或者0.002g磷酸、0.002g对甲苯磺酸[pTSA]、0.014g丁醇钛或不加另外的试剂。瓶子在油浴中在40-60℃加热8小时同时搅拌,接着约85℃加热8小时,135℃加热6小时和160℃加热6小时。在任何瓶子中均无明显反应发生。
对比例12-15。5个带有搅拌棒的血清瓶(10ml)根据下表装料和加热。
表2
实施例* | 环状二聚体(g) | PDO(g) | 试剂 | 试剂(g) |
12 | 0.125 | 2.375 | p-TSA | 0.0005 |
13 | 0.125 | 2.375 | H3PO4 | 0.0006 |
14 | 0.125 | 2.375 | 无 | - |
15 | 0.528 | 4.75 | 无 | - |
*:#12-14用93%/7%环状二聚体/PTT。#15用99+%环状二聚体。
表3
75℃ | 100℃ | 125℃ | 150℃ | 175℃ | 200℃ | 冷却 | |
12 | N | N | N | N | P | P | 固体重新形成 |
13 | N | N | N | N | P | P | 固体重新形成 |
14 | N | N | N | N | P | P | 固体重新形成 |
15 | N | N | N | N | Y | Y | 固体重新形成 |
N-无明显反应
Y-固体消失
P-部分固体消失
在高于175℃温度下样品呈现出环状二聚体一定的溶解,但溶液冷至室温时环状二聚体则沉淀。
Claims (10)
1.一种聚合聚对苯二酸亚丙酯的方法,是通过对苯二酸或对苯二酸二甲酯与1,3-丙二醇酯化反应,将酯化反应产物预缩合生产预缩合产物,并将预缩合产物缩聚以生产聚对苯二酸亚丙酯,和作为副产物的对苯二酸或对苯二酸二甲酯和1,3-丙二醇的环状二聚体,包括:
(a)从聚合反应中回收环状二聚体,
(b)将0.5-25wt%的环状二聚体在1,3-丙二醇中在0.1-10wt%环状二聚体的碱性催化剂存在的条件下于50-210℃反应5分钟-24小时,
(c)任选在(b)的反应产物中中和碱性催化剂,和
(d)将反应产物再循环至聚合工艺中。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中该方法包括至少一个真空步骤,在真空步骤过程中环状二聚体从聚合混合物中回收。
3.权利要求1或2的方法,其中使用了1-5wt%环状二聚体的碱性催化剂。
4.权利要求1、2或3的方法,其中环状二聚体含有1-10wt%的在1,3-丙二醇中的溶液。
5.上述权利要求任一项的方法,其中步骤(b)的反应在80-180℃进行。
6.权利要求5的方法,其中步骤(b)的反应在100-150℃进行。
7.上述权利要求任一项的方法,其中步骤(b)的反应进行10-150分钟。
8.上述权利要求任一项的方法,其中碱性催化剂选自碱金属和碱土金属碱性盐。
9.权利要求8的方法,其中碱性催化剂选自碱金属和碱土金属氢氧化物、碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐、羧酸盐和烷氧化物。
10.权利要求9的方法,其中碱性催化剂选自氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠和碳酸钾。
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JPH10147636A (ja) * | 1996-11-19 | 1998-06-02 | Mitsui Chem Inc | ポリエステルの製造方法 |
DE19705249A1 (de) | 1997-02-12 | 1998-08-13 | Zimmer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polypropylenterphthalat |
DE69820086T2 (de) | 1997-09-03 | 2004-08-26 | Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha | Polyesterharz zusammensetzung |
US6297330B1 (en) | 1998-08-28 | 2001-10-02 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Polymerizations based on cyclic oligomer |
JP3749388B2 (ja) * | 1998-11-30 | 2006-02-22 | 三菱化学株式会社 | ポリプロピレンテレフタレートの製造方法 |
US6245879B1 (en) * | 1999-01-29 | 2001-06-12 | Shell Oil Company | Purification of 1,3-propanediol in carbonyl-containing stream |
-
2001
- 2001-06-26 US US09/892,306 patent/US6576774B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-07-17 ES ES01960510T patent/ES2214438T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-07-17 CN CNB018130364A patent/CN1211413C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-07-17 EP EP01960510A patent/EP1301554B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-07-17 MX MXPA03000505A patent/MXPA03000505A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2001-07-17 WO PCT/EP2001/008281 patent/WO2002008310A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-07-17 DE DE60102588T patent/DE60102588T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-07-17 CA CA2418231A patent/CA2418231C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-07-17 JP JP2002514212A patent/JP2004504456A/ja active Pending
- 2001-07-17 KR KR1020037000522A patent/KR100733642B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-07-17 AU AU2001281990A patent/AU2001281990A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-07-17 AT AT01960510T patent/ATE263200T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-07-18 MY MYPI20013388 patent/MY126884A/en unknown
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107955141A (zh) * | 2016-10-18 | 2018-04-24 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯组合物的制备方法 |
CN107955141B (zh) * | 2016-10-18 | 2020-07-07 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯组合物的制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2001281990A1 (en) | 2002-02-05 |
JP2004504456A (ja) | 2004-02-12 |
CA2418231A1 (en) | 2002-01-31 |
CN1211413C (zh) | 2005-07-20 |
DE60102588D1 (de) | 2004-05-06 |
ATE263200T1 (de) | 2004-04-15 |
MXPA03000505A (es) | 2004-04-05 |
TW575597B (en) | 2004-02-11 |
EP1301554A2 (en) | 2003-04-16 |
ES2214438T3 (es) | 2004-09-16 |
US6576774B2 (en) | 2003-06-10 |
CA2418231C (en) | 2010-02-23 |
KR100733642B1 (ko) | 2007-06-28 |
EP1301554B1 (en) | 2004-03-31 |
MY126884A (en) | 2006-10-31 |
KR20030063337A (ko) | 2003-07-28 |
WO2002008310A2 (en) | 2002-01-31 |
DE60102588T2 (de) | 2004-12-30 |
US20020032302A1 (en) | 2002-03-14 |
WO2002008310A3 (en) | 2002-08-15 |
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