CN1370065A - 医药制剂 - Google Patents

医药制剂 Download PDF

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CN1370065A
CN1370065A CN00811903A CN00811903A CN1370065A CN 1370065 A CN1370065 A CN 1370065A CN 00811903 A CN00811903 A CN 00811903A CN 00811903 A CN00811903 A CN 00811903A CN 1370065 A CN1370065 A CN 1370065A
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CN1181815C (zh
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汉斯-莱纳·霍夫曼
伯多·阿斯姆森
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
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    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J13/00Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • B01J13/0004Preparation of sols
    • B01J13/0039Post treatment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
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Abstract

本发明涉及固体医药制剂,其包括至少一种至少部分带电荷、以纳米溶胶(nanosol)形式存在的活性物质,其中,活性物质系键结至一相反电荷的几丁聚糖衍生物。本发明也涉及其制造方法,以及将其应用于医药产品的制造。

Description

医药制剂
将活性成份以结合至一载体的方式存在的医药制剂是在此技术中所广泛熟知的。就最广义而言,对载体的键结可理解成是纯机械性的;然而,就狭义而言,可将载体物质的能力用于进入与活性成分的特别的化学或物理化学的交互作用。
这样的交互作用的一种类型是离子的吸引力,其当然可以被利用,只要活性作用剂及载体至少部分是以带电荷的状态存在。在医药制剂中,使用活性物质及载体之间的离子键,特别地,是用以谨慎地保存可溶性的活性物质,在其电荷及分子分散的状态下,活性物质在水中具有低的分离倾向,因此获得高的溶解度。除此之外,活性物质是键结至相反电荷的载体聚合物,以使得制剂可装载高活性的物质;这个赋形的技术经常被使用,例如,使用于脂质体(liposome)的制剂中。已经说明进一步的变异体,是通过离子键结合至一带电荷的聚合物制剂,以达到控制活性物质释放的目的。一个实施例是在德国以商标名Codipront贩售的止咳药,其包含作为活性物质载体复合物的活性物质基底,聚(苯乙烯、二乙烯基苯)磺酸可待因(codeine),其系键结至酸性离子交换剂。
键结至相反电荷载体的活性作用剂的一种特殊形式,是所谓的纳米溶胶(nanosols),具有动物明胶(gelatine)或胶原蛋白水解产物作为载体,Alfatec-Pharma GmbH公司的许多专利及公开申请案中对其进行了说明,例如,在DE41 40 195、DE41 40 178及dE41 40 179等文件中。此处,任何人使用此事实,通过在制剂中相对应的pH调整,如果使用动物明胶或动物明胶衍生物,由于其两性离子(zwitterionic)的特性,可容易地达成所需要的等离子状态,在载体及活性物质间具有电荷均等性。这说明了这些纳米溶胶可有利地用于制造具有快速及具有控制活性物质释放的医药制剂。
然而,这些试剂也具有缺点:这些人口数年来对于可能的BSE感染的危险是不确定的,以及愈来愈多的人口避免含有例如动物明胶的产品。因此,有需要不含有动物明胶或胶原蛋白衍生物的制剂,其具有相同于例如上述以动物明胶为基底的纳米溶胶的优点。
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种不含有动物明胶或其类似物的医药制剂,用于带电荷的活性物质,其中,此活性物质是键结至一带有相反电荷的载体。
此目的可通过权利要求1的医药制剂而达成。
令人意外地发现到,使用几丁聚糖(chitosan)作为载体可以产生所谓的纳米溶胶,其中,活性物质是稳定于几乎与载体是等离子性的状态中,并且这些纳米溶胶高度适合医药产品的制造。
本发明的制剂包含权利要求1所述的至少一种医药上的活性物质,其至少部分以带电荷的状态存在,即,活性物质可形成离子状态,并且,至少一部分的活性物质分子是以该离子状态存在。
对于纳米溶胶的定义,请参考DE41 40 195。
在本发明的范畴中,视为几丁聚糖衍生物的是所有修饰及未修饰的几丁质的脱乙酰化产物,其仍然具有聚葡萄糖胺(polyglucosamine)的基底结构。与活性物质相反的电荷,其为本发明所需要,是指载体所使用的净电荷。因此,也可以是在几丁聚糖衍生物中的电荷,其类似活性物质的电荷,只要它们可被相反的电荷适度补偿的话。
事实上,在一较佳具体实施例中,在纳米溶胶中有一具有正电荷的活性物质,其键结至具有负的总电荷的几丁聚糖衍生物。这样的几丁聚糖衍生物可以是,例如两性离子的、部分硫酸化的几丁聚糖。
在另一也是较佳的实施例中,活性物质是存在于负电荷的状态中,并且是在纳米溶胶中键结至一正电荷的几丁聚糖衍生物,即,在大部分简单的例子中,是键结至一未修饰的几丁聚糖。此处,活性物质也可以存在于部分未分离的形式中,并且甚至可具有一些类似几丁聚糖衍生物的电荷,只要其净电荷是相反的,即,在这个例子中是负电荷的话。
较佳地,活性物质是存在于胶体或纳米微粒(nanoparticulate)分布的纳米溶胶中,即,具有最大大约500-1000nm的平均粒径,一直到可能在活性物质及载体相之间侦测到相界限为止。特别地,不佳溶解性的活性作用剂可通过此方式并入医药制剂中,而它们可从其中很快地释放出来。
根据本发明的制剂,通常更可包含辅助作用剂,其为常用于制药技术中,并且为本领域技术人士所熟知的。这些活性的辅助作用剂可以是,例如,另外的聚合或非聚合的载体物质,但也可以是稳定剂、表面活性剂、崩散促进剂、抗氧化剂、染剂、色素、香味剂、甜味剂或其他增进味觉的作用剂、黏结剂、润滑剂等。在一较佳具体实施例中,制剂包含另一聚合的载体物质。这可以是需要的,例如,为了增加纳米溶胶可装载活性物质的量,或为了修饰制剂的释放性质。适当的赋形技术是同样为本领域技术人士所熟知的。
根据本发明,此处揭露的医药制剂是用于制造医药产品或诊断试剂。制剂的较佳的用途包含医药作用剂的制造,其作为胶囊、锭剂、粉末或颗粒,或是类似的即溶制剂而给药,在给药之前,这些作用剂要先溶解或再分散于水中或其他适合的液体中。
在另一较佳具体实施例中,此制剂是用于制备具有控制的活性物质释放的医药产品。为了此目的,它们必须一般性地进一步修饰,即,与另外的辅助物质混合或将其包括在内。例如,含有本发明制剂的胶囊或锭剂,可包覆一聚合物膜,其可控制活性作用剂的释放。这些及进一步用于制造具有修饰或控制释放的活性物质的技术,是熟悉于此技术的人士所熟知的。
根据本发明的制剂,基本上是以多步骤的方法而制造,如果有需要的话,可以改变或以进一步的步骤补充。首先,选择几丁聚糖衍生物作为载体,考虑到活性作用剂的带电荷基团的相对数目及种类,由于其带电荷基团的种类及相对数目是与活性物质相配对,以这样的方式,在活性物质及载体之间,在特定的pH值下,可达到等离子状态或电荷均等性。一般而言,这是一种例子,如果活性物质及几丁聚糖衍生物的净电荷是相反的,以及计算的等离子点是在生理学上可接受的pH范围内,并且不会不利于活性物质的稳定性。
在另一步骤中,胶体水溶液是由几丁聚糖衍生物及活性物质制备,由于考虑其聚合物含量及黏度的关系,因此为一溶胶。在溶解几丁聚糖衍生物之前或之后,是否加入活性物质,或几丁聚糖衍生物的溶液及独立制备的活性物质溶液是否混合,在此处不是重点。
在另一步骤中,调整水溶性溶胶的pH,使得产生等离子状态。在这个pH变动过程中,可能会发生活性物质的沉淀。结果,此处的颗粒一般并不会超过胶体或纳米微粒的大小范围。
因此而制备并调整至等离子状态的溶胶,可在另一方法步骤中干燥。为了此目的,可使用常用干燥方法,但较佳的干燥方法是不提供或仅提供少量热的方法,例如冷冻干燥。

Claims (14)

1、固体医药制剂,包括至少一种至少部分带电荷的活性物质,其特征在于,该活性物质是以纳米溶胶(nanosol)的形式存在,其中,该活性物质键结至一相反电荷的几丁聚糖衍生物。
2、权利要求1所述的固体医药制剂,其特征在于,该活性物质具有一正电荷,且系键结至两性离子的、酸性几丁聚糖衍生物。
3、权利要求1所述的固体医药制剂,其特征在于,该活性物质具有一负电荷,且系键结至碱性的几丁聚糖衍生物。
4、前述权利要求任一项所述的固体医药制剂,其特征在于,该活性物质及该几丁聚糖衍生物,是以至少几乎等离子的状态存在于纳米溶胶中。
5、前述权利要求任一项所述的固体医药制剂,其特征在于,该活性物质是以胶体或纳米微粒的形式存在于纳米溶胶中。
6、前述权利要求任一项所述的固体医药制剂,其特征在于,该活性物质是难以溶解的。
7、前述权利要求任一项所述的固体医药制剂,其特征在于,固体医药制剂包含另一除几丁聚糖衍生物之外的聚合物载体物质。
8、前述权利要求任一项所述的医药制剂,其系用于制造一医药产品。
9、根据权利要求1至7任一项的医药制剂,其系用于制造经口给药的医药产品。
10、根据权利要求1至7任一项的医药制剂,其系用于制造作为粉末、颗粒锭剂或胶囊而给药的医药产品。
11、根据权利要求1至7任一项的医药制剂,其系为了给药的目的,用于制造溶解或再分散于液体中的医药产品。
12、根据权利要求1至7任一项的医药制剂,其系用于制造可控制活性物质释放的医药产品。
13、根据权利要求1至7任一项的医药制剂,其系用于制造诊断试剂。
14、一种制造权利要求1至7任一项的医药制剂的方法,其特征在于:
(a)根据其带电荷基团的种类及相对数目,并配合活性物质的带电荷基团的种类及相对数目,选择一几丁聚糖衍生物,使得在该试剂中,活性物质及载体之间,在特定的pH值下,可达到等离子状态或电荷均等性;
(b)含有该活性物质的水溶性溶胶,是由该几丁聚糖衍生物制备;
(c)调整该水溶液溶胶的pH值,使得产生等离子状态,可能具有胶体或纳米微粒等级的活性物质的颗粒沉淀;以及
(d)将调整过的水溶性溶胶进行干燥。
CNB008119031A 1999-08-27 2000-08-14 医药制剂 Expired - Fee Related CN1181815C (zh)

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CA2318493A1 (en) * 1998-01-16 1999-07-22 The Johns Hopkins University Oral delivery of nucleic acid vaccines by particulate complexes

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EP1206253A1 (de) 2002-05-22
HU227609B1 (en) 2011-09-28
CA2382359C (en) 2008-03-18
TWI267384B (en) 2006-12-01
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BR0013563A (pt) 2002-07-09
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PT1206253E (pt) 2005-02-28
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HUP0300345A2 (hu) 2003-09-29
KR100624499B1 (ko) 2006-09-18
CN1181815C (zh) 2004-12-29
AR025392A1 (es) 2002-11-27
HK1047037B (zh) 2005-03-24
JP2003508423A (ja) 2003-03-04
PL203860B1 (pl) 2009-11-30
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