CN1346352A - 被糖基取代的1,4-苯并硫杂吖庚因-1,1-二氧化物衍生物,其制备方法,含有这些化合物的药物和其用途 - Google Patents
被糖基取代的1,4-苯并硫杂吖庚因-1,1-二氧化物衍生物,其制备方法,含有这些化合物的药物和其用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及取代的1,4-苯并硫杂吖庚因-1,1-二氧化物衍生物和其酸加成盐。描述了式I的1,4-苯并硫杂吖庚因-1,1-二氧化物衍生物,其中R1,R2,R3和Z具有给出的意义,和其生理耐受的盐和生理功能衍生物。该化合物适合于,例如,作为高脂血药。
Description
本发明涉及取代的1,4-苯并硫杂吖庚因-1,1-二氧化物衍生物,其生理上耐受的盐和生理功能衍生物。
1,4-苯并硫杂吖庚因-1,1-二氧化物衍生物和其用于治疗高脂血和动脉粥样硬化和高胆固醇血中的用途已经有描述[参见PCT申请PCT/GB 95/01884,公开号WO 96/05188]。
本发明的目的是获得其他对高脂血显示治疗作用的化合物。特别是,该目的包括发现与现有技术的化合物相比,在更低剂量能够引起更高的胆汁酸分泌的新化合物。
其中
R1是甲基,乙基,丙基,丁基;
R2是H,OH;
R3是糖残基,二糖残基,三糖残基,四糖残基,其中这些糖残基,二糖残基,三糖残基或四糖残基非强制性地被糖保护基一取代或多取代;Z是-(C=O)n-C0-C16-烷基,-(C=O)n-C0-C16-烷基-NH-,-(C=O)n-C0-C16-烷基-O-,-(C=O)n-C0-C16-烷基-(C=O)m,共价键;n是0或1;m是0或1;和其药学上耐受的盐和生理功能衍生物。
优选的式I化合物是其中一个或多个基团具有如下意义的化合物:
R1是乙基,丙基,丁基;
R2是H,OH;
R3是糖残基,二糖残基,其中这些糖残基或二糖残基非强制性地被糖保护基一取代或多取代;Z是-(C=O)n-C0-C16-烷基,-(C=O)n-C0-C16-烷基-NH-,-(C=O)n-C0-C16-烷基-O-,-(C=O)n-C0-C16-烷基-(C=O)m,共价键;n是0或1;m是0或1;和其药学上耐受的盐。
特别优选的式I化合物是其中一个或多个基团具有如下意义的化合物:
R1是乙基,丁基;
R2是H,OH;
R3是糖残基,其中这些糖残基非强制性地被糖保护基一取代或多取代;Z是-(C=O)n-C0-C4-烷基,共价键;和其药学上耐受的盐。
因为其与起始化合物或基础化合物相比具有更高的水溶性,药学上耐受的盐特别适合于药用。这些盐必须具有药学上耐受的阴离子或阳离子。本发明化合物合适的药学上耐受的酸加成盐是无机酸,如盐酸,氢溴酸,磷酸,偏磷酸,硝酸,磺酸和硫酸,以及有机酸,如乙酸,苯磺酸,苯甲酸,柠檬酸,乙磺酸,富马酸,葡糖酸,乙醇酸,异硫羰酸,乳酸,乳糖酸,马来酸,苹果酸,甲磺酸,琥珀酸,对甲苯磺酸,酒石酸和三氟乙酸的盐。作为医用,氯盐是特别有用的。合适的药学上耐受的碱盐有铵盐,碱金属盐(如钠盐和钾盐)和碱土金属盐(如镁盐和钙盐)。
与非药学上耐受阴离子的盐也包括在本发明的范围内,作为制备或纯化药学上耐受盐的中间体,和/或用于非治疗,例如体外应用。
本文所用的术语“生理功能衍生物”指本发明化合物的任何生理上耐受的衍生物,例如对哺乳动物,例如人给药时能够(直接或间接)形成这类化合物或其活性代谢物的酯。
本发明另一方面是本发明化合物的前药。这类前药可以在体内代谢给出本发明的化合物。这些前药本身可以是活性的或非活性的。
本发明化合物也可以以各种多晶型存在,例如非晶型和晶状多晶型。本发明的所有多晶型都包括在本发明的范围内,并且是本发明的一个方面。
下面,所有称为“式(I)化合物”的都涉及上述式(I)化合物,和其盐,溶剂化物和如本文所述的生理功能衍生物。
实现所需生物作用所需的式(I)化合物的量依赖于许多因素,例如所选择的具体化合物,用途,给药方式和患者的临床状态。一般说来,日剂量在每天每千克体重0.1mg至100mg(典型地0.1mg至50mg),例如0.1-10mg/kg/天。片剂或胶囊可以含有例如0.01至100mg,典型地为0.02至50mg。在药学耐受盐的情况下,上述重量数据对应于从盐衍生的苯并硫杂吖庚因离子的重量。为了预防或治疗上述症状,式(I)化合物可以以化合物本身使用,但它们优选地与耐受的载体以药物组合物的形式存在。载体当然必需是耐受的,与组合物的其它成分共容,并且对患者的健康无害。载体可以是固体或液体或者是两者,并且优选地与化合物配制成单剂量,例如片剂,它可以含有0.05%至95%重量的活性化合物。其它药物活性物质也可以存在,包括其它式(I)化合物。本发明的药物组合物可以通过已知的制药方法制备,主要是使各成分与药理上耐受的载体和/或赋形剂混合。
本发明的药物组合物是适于口服和经口(例如舌下)给药,而各情况下最合适的给药方式依赖于所治疗的病情和在各种情况下所用的式(I)化合物的类型。糖衣制剂和糖衣缓释制剂也包括在本发明的范围内。耐酸和肠衣制剂是优选的。合适的肠衣包括纤维素醋酸邻苯二甲酸酯,聚乙烯基醋酸邻苯二甲酸酯,羟基丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯和异丁烯酸和异丁烯酸甲酯的非离子聚合物。
用于口服给药的合适的药物组合物可以以分开的单位,例如,胶囊,扁囊剂,锭剂或片剂,它们在各种情况下含有一定量的式(I)化合物;粉剂或颗粒剂;在水或非水液体中的溶液或悬浮液;水包油或油包水乳液。这些组合物如上所述可以根据已知的任何合适的制药方法制备,该方法包括其中活性化合物和载体(可以由一种或多种附加成分组成)接触的步骤。一般说来,组合物通过活性化合物与液体和/或细固体载体均匀和不均匀混合,如果需要,再将产品成型。例如,片剂可以通过将化合物的粉末或颗粒,如果需要,与一种或多种附加成分压片或成型而制备。压制的片剂可以通过将自由流动形式的化合物,例如粉末或颗粒,如果需要,与黏合剂,润滑剂,惰性稀释剂和/或(多种)表面活性剂/分散剂混合,在合适的机器内压片而制备。成型的片剂可以通过将用惰性液体稀释剂润湿的粉状化合物在合适的机器内成型而制备。
适合于经口(舌下)给药的药物组合物包括含有式(I)化合物和一般为蔗糖和阿拉伯胶或黄蓍胶等调味剂的锭剂,和在惰性基质如明胶和甘油或蔗糖和阿拉伯胶中含有化合物的软锭剂。
本发明进一步涉及式I的异构体混合物,并涉及式I的纯立体异构体,还涉及式I的非对映异构体混合物和纯的非对映异构体。混合物的分离用色谱进行。
糖残基被理解为指从具有3至7个碳原子,属于D或L系列的醛糖和酮糖衍生的化合物;这些也包括氨基糖,糖醇或糖酸。可被提到的例子有葡萄糖,甘露糖,果糖,半乳糖,核糖,赤癣糖,甘油醛,景天庚酮糖,葡糖胺,半乳糖胺,葡糖醛酸,半乳糖醛酸,葡糖酸,半乳糖酸,甘露糖酸,葡糖胺,3-氨基-1,2-丙二醇,葡糖二酸和半乳糖二酸。
二糖是指由两个糖单位组成的糖。二-,三-或四-糖通过2或多个糖的缩醛键形成。该键在这里可以是α或β型。可被提到的例子有乳糖,麦芽糖和纤维素二糖。
如果糖被取代,取代优选地在糖的OH基的氢原子上进行。
下列保护基是适合于糖羟基的:苄基,乙酰基,苯甲酰基,新戊酰基,三苯甲基,叔丁基二甲基硅烷基,亚苄基,亚环己基或亚异丙基保护基。
式I化合物和其药用盐和生理功能衍生物是用于治疗脂类代谢疾病,尤其是高脂血的理想药物。式I化合物适合于影响血清胆固醇水平,并用于预防和治疗动脉粥样硬化症状。该化合物也可以非强制性地与statin类,如simvastatin,fluvastatin,pravastatin,cerivastatin,lovastatin或atorvastatin联合给药。下列发现证实了本发明化合物的药理活性。
本发明化合物的生物试验通过灌注试验进行。该试验研究了本发明化合物对回肠中胆汁酸转移的作用。化合物的非对映体混合物被试验。
灌注试验如下进行:实验过程
雄性Wistar大鼠(体重范围250-350g)用尿烷(1.5g/kg i.p.)麻醉,并用聚乙烯管将胆管加套管。在距回盲肠瓣大约8cm处,在回肠上开一个切口,插入一个管的硅胶接头。在盲肠上开第二个切口,植入相应的硅胶接头。硅胶管与接头连接,在回肠上以直体步行和开放式(非循环式)用灌注缓冲液以1ml/min.的灌注速度灌注。
灌注管被灌入灌注缓冲液(137mM NaCl,0.9mM CaCl2,0.51mMMgCl2,8.1mM Na2HPO4,2.7mM Kcl,1.47mM KH2PO4)(pH7.4),1%(v/v)乙醇+1%DMSO。灌注缓冲液以标明的浓度含有试验化合物或载体。缓冲液被预热至37℃。灌注缓冲液含有3mM牛磺胆酸(TCA),它用100dpm/μl 3H TCA标记作为标记物。研究设计和评价结果
选定实验组,的单个动物中测定胆汁酸转移的抑制作用。在90分钟的周期(在下面用于试验可逆性的洗出相为最高160分钟)内每10分钟的间隔收集一次胆汁。含载体缓冲液的灌注周期为40分钟(预试验物质),接着用含有试验浓度的试验化合物的灌注缓冲液(直到90分钟)进行。
为了计算试验化合物的抑制百分数,当在对照相中3H-TCA的分泌达到最大和平顶时,在80-90分钟(试验化合物灌注的最后)胆汁中的dpms(每min 3H-TCA的蜕变)与第一阶段30-40分钟的收集周期相关。计算出的EC50(=有效浓度50)是抑制胆汁酸分泌最大值的50%的不同浓度的抑制值之间的有效浓度。结果表1:
实施例化合物 | 回肠灌注的EC50(μM) |
1 | 0.09 |
2 | 0.15 |
3 | 0.22 |
4 | 0.72 |
5 | 0.4 |
6 | 0.09 |
7 | 1.4 |
对比实施例 | |
1 | 9.8 |
从所测量的数据可以看出,本发明的式I化合物具有比现有技术中所述的化合物好7至100倍的作用。
下列实施例用于更详细地举例说明本发明,但不限于实施例中所述的产品和方案。
实施例1
C29H43N3O8S(593.74).MS(M+H)+=594.3
实施例2
C29H43N3O9S(609.74),MS(M+H)+=610.4
C34H54N4O8S(678.89).MS(M+H)+=679.4
C41H64N4O9S(777.03).MS(M+H)+=777.6
实施例5
C31H47N3O8S(621.79).MS(M+H)+=622.4
C31H47N3O9S(637.79).MS(M+H)+=638.5
C36H58N4O8S(706.94).MS(M+H)+=707.6
将20g(91.6mmol)2,5-二氟二苯酮1(Fluka)溶于400ML DMSO。在氩气中加入7.0g(150mmol)硫化锂(Fluka)。在120℃三小时后,混合物被冷却至室温。将其与200ML 2M盐酸和500ML乙酸乙酯一起摇动。有机相用氯化钠溶液再洗涤两次,硫酸镁干燥,过滤并浓缩。得到24g粗产物2红色油状物。TLC(正庚烷/乙酸乙酯3∶1)Rf=0.3,原料1Rf=0.4。C13H9FOS(232.28)。MS(M+H)+=233.1。化合物4的合成:
将7g粗产物2,2.5g(16mmol)二丁基氮丙啶3(R.Gauthier etal.,J.Organomet.Chem.140(1997)245-255)和300mg对甲苯磺酸溶于100ML二甲基吡啶。反应溶液在分水器中沸腾3小时。然后浓缩,残余物通过快速层析纯化。无色油状物4的产率为3.6g(61%)。TLC(正庚烷/乙酸乙酯9∶1)Rf=0.5。C23H28FNS(369.55)。MS(M+H)+=370.3。化合物5的合成:
将3.6g(9.7mmol)4和6.0g NaIO4悬浮于100ML乙腈,50ML二氯甲烷和30ML水。加入200mg RuCl3后,混合物在室温下剧烈搅拌2小时。溶液用200ML乙酸乙酯稀释,并用氯化钠溶液洗涤2次。硫酸镁干燥后,将其浓缩,并通过快速层析纯化。非晶型固体5的产率为3.47g(89%)。TLC(正庚烷/乙酸乙酯4∶1)Rf=0.5,原料4Rf=0.6。C23H28FNO2S(401.55)。MS(M+H)+=402.2。化合物6的合成:
将3.47g(8.6mmol)5溶于24ML硝化酸(14ML硝酸和10ML硫酸)。通过冷却将反应温度控制在20℃。30分钟后,将溶液倒入700g冰和200ML乙酸乙酯的混合物中。分出水相,小心地用150ML饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤4次。然后硫酸镁干燥,浓缩并通过快速层析纯化。非晶型固体6的产率为3.0g(78%)。TLC(正庚烷/乙酸乙酯4∶1)Rf=0.4。C23H27N2O4SF(446.54)。MS(M+H)+=447.2。化合物7的合成:
将3.0g(6.7mmol)6溶于50ML的33%二甲胺/乙醇(Fluka),溶液在50℃搅拌1小时。然后冷却至室温,滤出产生的产物。黄色晶状7的产率为2.86g(90%)。TLC(正庚烷/乙酸乙酯2∶1)Rf=0.5,原料7的Rf=0.6。C52H33N3O4S(471.62)。MS(M+H)+=472.3。对映体混合物形式的化合物8a/b的合成:
将1.05g(2.2mmol)7悬浮于30ML甲苯,加入500mg Pt/活性炭(10%)。混合物在150巴的氢气压力和100℃在摇动的高压釜中氢化30小时。为了处理,将混合物滤过硅胶,用100ML甲醇洗涤,将滤液浓缩,残余物通过快速层析纯化。非晶型固体8a/b的产率为495mg(48%)。TLC(正庚烷/乙酸乙酯1∶1)Rf=0.3,C25H37N3O2S(443.65)。MS(M+H)+=444.3。非对映体混合物形式的10a/b化合物的合成:
将80mg(0.18mmol)8a/b和100mg(0.24mmol)五-O-乙酰基-D-葡糖酸(Org.Synth.Vol.5,887)溶于4ML DMF(二甲基甲酰胺)。依次加入100mg(0.3mmol)TOTU(Fluka),35mg(0.24mmol)肟(羟基亚氨基氰基乙酸乙酯;Fluka)和0.1ML(0.78mmol)NEM(4-乙基吗啉)。室温下1小时后,混合物用20ML乙酸乙酯稀释,并用水洗涤3次。有机相用硫酸镁干燥,过滤并浓缩。残余物通过快速色谱(乙酸乙酯/正庚烷2∶1)纯化,得到130mg(86%)10a/b非晶型固体。TLC(乙酸乙酯/正庚烷2∶1)Rf=0.3。产物10a/b具有与原料8a/b相同的停留时间,但颜色与2M硫酸不同。C41H57N3O13S(131.97)。MS(M+H)+=832.6。非对映体混合物形式的化合物11a/b的合成
将130mg(0.16mmol)溶于5ML甲醇。加入0.2ML 1M甲醇钠的甲醇溶液后,混合物在室温放置1小时。然后用氯化氢甲醇溶液中和并浓缩。残余物通过快速色谱(二氯甲烷/甲醇/浓氨水30/10/3)纯化,得到78mg(80%)10a/b非晶型固体。TLC(二氯甲烷/甲醇/浓氨水30/10/3)。Rf=0.4。C31H47N3O8S(621.80)。MS(M+H)+=622.4。非对映体混合物形式的化合物12a/b的合成
将618mg(0.74mmol)10a/b溶于30ML二氯甲烷并加入385mg(2.23mmol)的70%间氯过氧苯甲酸(Fluka)。室温下30分钟后,混合物用100ML乙酸乙酯稀释,并用碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤3次。用硫酸镁干燥后,混合物被浓缩,得到700mg粗产物。该粗产物溶于28ML 0.05M四氯化钛/乙腈溶液。加入300mg固体碘化钠后,混合物被搅拌15分钟。为了处理,将其用150ML乙酸乙酯稀释,并用100ML 2M硫代硫酸钠溶液洗涤。有机相用硫酸镁干燥并浓缩,残余物通过快速色谱纯化。非晶型固体12a/b的产率550mg(2步共87%)。TLC(正庚烷/乙酸乙酯1∶2)。Rf=0.3。原料10a/b Rf=0.35。C41H57N3O14S(847.99)。MS(M+H)+=848.5。非对映体混合物形式的化合物13a/b的合成
将550mg(0.65mmol)12a/b溶于20ML甲醇。加入0.3ML 1M甲醇钠的甲醇溶液后,混合物在室温放置1小时。然后用氯化氢甲醇溶液中和并浓缩。残余物通过快速色谱(二氯甲烷/甲醇/浓氨水30/10/3)纯化,得到370mg(89%)13a/b非晶型固体。TLC(二氯甲烷/甲醇/浓氨水30/10/3)。Rf=0.4。C31H47N3O9S(637.80)。MS(M+H)+=638.4。非对映体混合物形式的化合物15a/b的合成
将719mg(1.6mmol)8a/b溶于30ML二氯甲烷和2ML三乙胺。往此溶液中滴加0.5ML(3.7mmol)14,并在室温下放置15分钟。然后将溶液滤过硅胶,并用100ML乙酸乙酯洗涤。浓缩后,残余物通过快速色谱纯化。非晶型固体15a/b的产率为950mg(95%)。TLC(正庚烷/乙酸乙酯1∶1)。Rf=0.4。C30H44BrN3O3S(606.67)。MS(M+H)+=607.3。非对映体混合物形式的化合物17a/b的合成
将897mg(1.47mmol)的15a/b溶于20ML DMF。加入1.3g(7.1mmol)16(葡糖胺,Fluka),混合物在80℃加热2小时。然后用50ML乙酸乙酯稀释,并用水洗涤3次。有机相用硫酸镁干燥,过滤并浓缩。残余物通过快速色谱(二氯甲烷/甲醇/浓氨水30/10/3)纯化,得到700mg(67%)的17a/b非晶型固体。TLC(二氯甲烷/甲醇/浓氨水30/10/3)。Rf=0.4。C36H58N4O8S(706.95)。MS(M+H)+=707.4。化合物19的合成:
将8.0g(18.8mmol)9(五-O-乙酰基-D-葡糖酰氯;Org.Synth.Vol.5,887)加入8.0g(40mmol)18(Fluka)在150ML无水DMF中的悬浮液。将悬浮液在室温下剧烈搅拌20小时。然后加入500ML乙酸乙酯和200ML水。水相再用250ML乙酸乙酯萃取。合并的有机相用氯化钠溶液洗涤3次,硫酸镁干燥,过滤并浓缩。无色油状物19的产率为9.5g(86%)。TLC(二氯甲烷/甲醇/浓氨水30/10/3)。Rf=0.8。C27H43NO13(589.64)。MS(M+H)+=590.4。非对映体混合物形式的化合物21a/b的合成
使200mg(0.34mmol)19,70mg(0.17mmol)20a/b(通过与2-丁基-2-乙基氮丙啶(R.Gauthier et al.,J.Organomet.Chem.140(1997)245-255)和1进行反应路线1的反应,类似于8a/b制备20a/b),240mg TOTU,80mg肟和0.3ML NEM在4ML DMF中类似于制备11a/b的过程反应。快速色谱(二氯甲烷/甲醇/浓氨水30/5/1)后,得到60mg(46%,共两步)21a/b非晶型固体。TLC(二氯甲烷/甲醇/浓氨水30/5/1)。Rf=0.2。C40H64N4O9S(777.04)。MS(M+H)+=777.8。
Claims (11)
2.如权利要求1的式I化合物,其中一个或多个基团具有如下意义:
R1是乙基,丙基,丁基;
R2是H,OH;
R3是糖残基,二糖残基,其中这些糖残基或二糖残基非强制性地被糖保护基一取代或多取代;
Z是-(C=O)n-C0-C16-烷基,-(C=O)n-C0-C16-烷基-NH-,-(C=O)n-C0-
C16-烷基-O-,-(C=O)n-C0-C16-烷基-(C=O)m,共价键;
n是0或1;
m是0或1;
和其药学上耐受的盐。
3.如权利要求1或2的式I化合物,其中一个或多个基团具有如下意义:
R1是乙基,丁基;
R2是H,OH;
R3是糖残基,其中这些糖残基非强制性地被糖保护基一取代或多取代;
Z是-(C=O)n-C0-C4-烷基,共价键;和其药学上耐受的盐。
4.制备如权利要求1至3一项或多项式I化合物的方法,该方法包括根据下列反应路线,使其中R1,R2和R3具有式I中给出的意义的式II的胺与其中R3和Z具有式I中意义的式III化合物在除水的条件下反应,给出式I化合物,并非强制性地将所得的式I化合物转化为生理上耐受的盐或生理功能衍生物。
5.包含一种或多种如权利要求1至3一项或多项化合物的药物。
6.包含如权利要求1至3任一项的一种或多种化合物和一种或多种statin的药物。
7.用作治疗脂类代谢疾病医药的如权利要求1至3一项或多项的化合物。
8.生产包含一种或多种如权利要求1至3一项或多项化合物的药物的方法,该方法包括将活性化合物与药学上合适的载体混合,并使该混合物成为适合于给药的形式。
9.如权利要求1至3一项或多项的化合物在生产用于治疗高脂血的医药中的用途。
10.如权利要求1至3一项或多项的化合物在生产用于影响血清胆固醇水平的医药中的用途。
11.如权利要求1至3一项或多项的化合物在生产用于预孩动脉粥样硬化症状的医药中的用途。
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DK406686D0 (da) * | 1986-08-26 | 1986-08-26 | Hans Bundgaard | Carboxylsyrederivater |
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IL108634A0 (en) * | 1993-02-15 | 1994-05-30 | Wellcome Found | Hypolipidaemic heterocyclic compounds, their prepatation and pharmaceutical compositions containing them |
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ZA956647B (en) * | 1994-08-10 | 1997-02-10 | Wellcome Found | Hypolipidaemic compounds. |
GB9423172D0 (en) * | 1994-11-17 | 1995-01-04 | Wellcom Foundation The Limited | Hypolipidemic benzothiazepines |
US5723589A (en) * | 1995-12-21 | 1998-03-03 | Icn Pharmaceuticals | Carbohydrate conjugated bio-active compounds |
PT864582E (pt) * | 1997-03-14 | 2003-10-31 | Aventis Pharma Gmbh | 1,4-benzotiazepina-1,1-dioxidos hipolipidemicos |
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