CN1343024A - 在电化学电池中用作添加剂的有机胺类 - Google Patents
在电化学电池中用作添加剂的有机胺类 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1343024A CN1343024A CN01132644A CN01132644A CN1343024A CN 1343024 A CN1343024 A CN 1343024A CN 01132644 A CN01132644 A CN 01132644A CN 01132644 A CN01132644 A CN 01132644A CN 1343024 A CN1343024 A CN 1343024A
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- Prior art keywords
- phenylbutyl
- phenylpropyl
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- additive
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 title description 9
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- -1 2-phenylpropyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 34
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- AGNFWIZBEATIAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenylbutylamine Chemical compound NCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 AGNFWIZBEATIAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- TXOFSCODFRHERQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylphenethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 TXOFSCODFRHERQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BHHGXPLMPWCGHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenethylamine Chemical compound NCCC1=CC=CC=C1 BHHGXPLMPWCGHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl orthoformate Chemical compound COC(OC)OC PYOKUURKVVELLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017048 AsF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PSHKMPUSSFXUIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylpyridin-2-amine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=CC=N1 PSHKMPUSSFXUIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PLWALTDUYKDGRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylbutan-1-amine Chemical compound CCC(CN)C1=CC=CC=C1 PLWALTDUYKDGRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VWIIJDNADIEEDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one Chemical compound CN1CCOC1=O VWIIJDNADIEEDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HJMCIHLESAJJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phenylbutan-1-amine Chemical compound NCCC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 HJMCIHLESAJJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LYUQWQRTDLVQGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phenylpropylamine Chemical compound NCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 LYUQWQRTDLVQGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ILZLQBUYMGFOOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN(N1CC=NC=C1)C Chemical compound CN(N1CC=NC=C1)C ILZLQBUYMGFOOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SKILKZHGEHIHIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-diethyl-2H-pyrazin-1-amine Chemical compound C(C)N(N1CC=NC=C1)CC SKILKZHGEHIHIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004862 dioxolanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WPABBAJWZPZLPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethyl-2-phenylethanamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 WPABBAJWZPZLPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WHFILIHMYKPRMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethyl-2-phenylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 WHFILIHMYKPRMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DZYUUIAQLLHFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethyl-2h-pyridin-1-amine Chemical compound CCN(CC)N1CC=CC=C1 DZYUUIAQLLHFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GZJJMSLGSVCINI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethyl-3-phenylbutan-1-amine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 GZJJMSLGSVCINI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FPPYFDBIUGVMNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethyl-3-phenylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCCC1=CC=CC=C1 FPPYFDBIUGVMNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AUUGHRONGXVGLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethyl-4-phenylbutan-1-amine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 AUUGHRONGXVGLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UMAKZNFESLTKKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-2-phenylbutan-1-amine Chemical compound CN(C)CC(CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 UMAKZNFESLTKKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JFNWQFWYAAPODB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-2-phenylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CN(C)CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 JFNWQFWYAAPODB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GAICVPVDFBPSME-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-3-phenylbutan-1-amine Chemical compound CN(C)CCC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 GAICVPVDFBPSME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NMXXDRKTOJAAQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-3-phenylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CN(C)CCCC1=CC=CC=C1 NMXXDRKTOJAAQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VTFLIYPNOKEFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-4-phenylbutan-1-amine Chemical compound CN(C)CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 VTFLIYPNOKEFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CKDGQUSKFUAVSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-2-phenylbutan-1-amine Chemical compound CCNCC(CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 CKDGQUSKFUAVSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WOHOHPONCSKXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-2-phenylethanamine Chemical compound CCNCCC1=CC=CC=C1 WOHOHPONCSKXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YRJYTEMOKSUBHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-2-phenylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CCNCC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 YRJYTEMOKSUBHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QKLSGXMLDSGTAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-3-phenylbutan-1-amine Chemical compound CCNCCC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 QKLSGXMLDSGTAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LKGGWEZXOKZNML-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-3-phenylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CCNCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 LKGGWEZXOKZNML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CJKHOQLCNBFFQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-4-phenylbutan-1-amine Chemical compound CCNCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 CJKHOQLCNBFFQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XLBPZPVJGDFUMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-2-phenylbutan-1-amine Chemical compound CNCC(CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 XLBPZPVJGDFUMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LGOGNOHQMYHBPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-3-phenylbutan-1-amine Chemical compound CNCCC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 LGOGNOHQMYHBPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MLHBZVFOTDJTPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-3-phenylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CNCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 MLHBZVFOTDJTPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- TXYKOQZEJZWJEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-4-phenylbutan-1-amine Chemical compound CNCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 TXYKOQZEJZWJEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SASNBVQSOZSTPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylphenethylamine Chemical compound CNCCC1=CC=CC=C1 SASNBVQSOZSTPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AUFSOOYCQYDGES-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenpromethamine Chemical compound CNCC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 AUFSOOYCQYDGES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AXORVIZLPOGIRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N β-methylphenethylamine Chemical compound NCC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 AXORVIZLPOGIRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003890 2-phenylbutyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])(C([H])([H])*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000006201 3-phenylpropyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 6
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Dimethylaminopyridine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 VHYFNPMBLIVWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000005428 anthryl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910032387 LiCoO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical group N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002879 Lewis base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003005 LiNiO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229910002097 Lithium manganese(III,IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001914 chlorine tetroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Cl IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001142 dicarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007527 lewis bases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001540 lithium hexafluoroarsenate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000005412 pyrazyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC1(C)N(Cl)C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000549 4-dimethylaminophenol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003321 CoFe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002441 CoNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910013075 LiBF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000552 LiCF3SO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002993 LiMnO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical class OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001339 alkali metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005910 alkyl carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001786 chalcogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosulfonic acid Substances OS(Cl)(=O)=O XTHPWXDJESJLNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001850 copernicium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000006001 difluoroethyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004175 fluorobenzyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000006379 fluoropyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于降低电化学电池(特别是锂离子电池)的非质子性电解质体系中酸含量的添加剂的用途,以及包含非质子性电解液体系的电化学电池,其中所述非质子性电解液体系包含用于降低电解质体系中酸含量的添加剂。
Description
本发明涉及用于降低电化学电池(特别是锂离子电池)的非质子性电解液体系中酸含量的添加剂的用途,以及包含非质子性电解液体系的电化学电池,其中所述非质子性电解质体系包含用于降低电解质体系中酸含量的添加剂。
电化学电池用于将化学能转化为电能或者将电能转化为化学能。在这两种情形下,均发生涉及电荷迁移或导致电位升高的化学反应。可以可逆性进行能量转化的电化学电池例如有二次电池(或蓄电池)和双层电容器。
二次电池主要用于便携式电器设备如移动电话、计算机、CD播放机和便携式摄-录像机。用于这种用途的二次电池必须具有卓越的高能量密度、高容量、高电池电压、低自放电性、长使用寿命、重量轻和优越的充放电性能的优点。近年来已经研制了能满足上述要求的锂离子电池。
锂离子电池包括具有能可逆获取和再释放锂离子的材料(例如石墨等)的负极,具有锂过渡金属的氧化物如锂锰氧化物、锂钴氧化物或锂镍氧化物的正极,而且还包括非质子性电解液体系。与属于3V体系的锂电池不同,锂离子电池是典型的4V体系,并且不包含任何金属锂。
当对锂离子电池进行充电或放电时,正极和负极上发生如下的化学反应,例如对于包括正极材料LiCoO2和负极材料石墨的电池:正极: 负极: 总平衡:
当对锂离子电池进行充电时,锂可逆地嵌入石墨材料内。该过程如图1所示。
锂离子电池中使用的电解液体系通常包括非质子性有机溶剂如碳酸亚乙酯、碳酸亚丙酯、碳酸二甲酯、γ-丁内酯、DMF或THF,或溶剂混合物,如碳酸亚乙酯/碳酸二甲酯(EC/DMC),和溶在其中的导电盐如LiPF6。
鉴于电解液体系中各组分的制备方法,这种体系通常含有痕量能与导电盐反应形成酸的水。例如,LiPF6分解如下:
除了这种原因外,还存在ppm级与制备相关的酸含量,例如LiPF6中HF含量至少为50ppm。
所形成的酸进一步与电化学电池中的组分发生反应,并且例如能腐蚀电化学电池的电极表层。
就石墨电极而言,其表层主要由碳酸烷基酯、Li2CO3,LiOH和Li2O构成。例如HF能够与这种膜按下所述进行反应:
此外,酸(如HF)能够从高度氧化电极材料(如LiMn2O4)中浸出金属,导致活性电极材料的稳定性下降并因此降低容量稳定性,从而降低电池的可能充放电循环次数:
因酸含量增高产生的上述问题不仅存在于锂离子电池中,而且还存在于所有其它包括非质子性电解液体系的电化学电池中,它们与使用的导电盐种类以及电极类型无关。
USP 5316876描述了一种包含非质子性电解液体系的锂离子电池,其中的非质子性电解液体系包括环状酯和叔胺。胺的加入是用来在对电池进行充电时防止环状酯分解。
EP-A-785586公开了一种锂离子电池,它包括含非晶态硫属元素化合物和/或非晶态氧化物的负极,包含能可逆吸收和释放锂的材料的正极,以及非质子性电解液体系。所述非质子性电解液体系包括含氮化合物如胺,它能改善电池的充放电性能。电极可以包括能增加电极电导率的组分,例如碳等。
USP 5846673描述了一种包括非质子性电解液体系的锂离子电池,其中的非质子性电解液体系则包括含氟化物导电锂盐(如LiBF4,LiAsF6或LiPF6)),和碱性化合物如烷基胺,优选三丁胺。加入碱性化合物用来降低含氟化物导电锂盐水解产生的HF含量。
虽然三丁基胺能够有效降低HF含量,但它不能抗电化学氧化,并且自大约3.3V(相对于Li/Li+)起就发生不可逆性分解。这种电位对于在使用高氧化性电极材料如LiMn2O4、LiCoO2、LiNiO2或Li(CONi)O2的4V体系中的应用来讲则明显过低。
因此,需要用在4V体系中具有抗氧化性的添加剂来替换这种碱性化合物如烷基胺。这些添加剂应满足下列标准:
1)用于在电解液体系中结合酸的添加剂应当是路易斯碱(电子对供体)。路易斯碱的强度标准是pKa值。该添加剂的pKa应当高于10;
2)用于在电解液体系中结合酸的添加剂应该不可以向电解液体系中引人任何质子性杂质(如水);
3)添加剂应当可溶于电解液体系;和
4)用于在电解液体系中结合酸的添加剂必须是电化学稳定性的。在循环伏安图中,电解液体系在还原和氧化范围内应当是稳定的。因此Pt电极处的循环伏安图在0-4.3V(相对于锂)范围内必须不显示任何另外的峰。
本发明的目的是改善电化学电池如锂离子电池的性能,特别是使用寿命和充放电性能,其中所述电化学电池包括含导电盐的非质子性电解液体系。
本发明的这种目的可通过使用通式(I)添加剂降低电化学电池中非质子性电解液体系的酸含量来实现:
NR1R2R3 (I)其中:R1和R2为H,CyF2y+l-zHz,或(CnF2n-mHm)X,X为芳基或杂环基,和R3为(CnF2n-mHm)Y,Y为杂环基,或者R3为(CoF2o-pHp)Z,Z为芳基,并且其中的n,m,o,p,y和z满足下列条件:0≤n≤6,0≤m≤2n,2≤o≤6,0≤p≤2o,1≤y≤8,和0≤z≤2y+1.
本发明还提供了电化学电池,它包括阳极、阴极和包含通式(I)添加剂的非质子性电解液体系。
所述电化学电池可以用作例如锂离子电池的装置构件或用作双层电容器的装置构件。
通式(I)的添加剂能满足上述(1)-(4)条标准。
令人惊奇的是,我们发现本发明创造性使用的具有芳基或杂环基的有机胺较之脂肪胺具有更显著的抗氧化性。例如,与USP 5846673中记载的三丁胺相比,4-(N,N′-二甲氨基)吡啶(DMAP)具有大约高0.9-1.0V的氧化电位。本发明创造性使用的胺能够定量清除电解液体系中的酸。
通式(I)中R1、R2和R3所示的基团可以是被取代的或未取代的。
R1和R2优选为H,烷基(如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、戊基、己基、庚基或辛基),氟代烷基(如一氟乙基、二氟乙基、三氟乙基或三氟丙基),芳烷基(如苄基)或芳基(如苯基或萘基)。R1、R2和R3所代表的杂环基优选为吡啶基或吡嗪基(pyrazyl)。氟代基团的实例包括氟代吡啶基,氟代苄基和全氟吡啶基。
添加剂的实例包括2-苯基乙胺,2-苯基丙胺,3-苯基丙胺,2-苯基丁胺,3-苯基丁胺,4-苯基丁胺,2-苯基乙基-N-甲基胺,2-苯基丙基-N-甲基胺,3-苯基丙基-N-甲基胺,2-苯基丁基-N-甲基胺,3-苯基丁基-N-甲基胺,4-苯基丁基-N-甲基胺,2-苯基乙基-N-乙基胺,2-苯基丙基-N-乙基胺,3-苯基丙基-N-乙基胺,2-苯基丁基-N-乙基胺,3-苯基丁基-N-乙基胺,4-苯基丁基-N-乙基胺,2-苯基乙基-N,N-二甲基胺,2-苯基丙基-N,N-二甲基胺,3-苯基丙基-N,N-二甲基胺,2-苯基丁基-N,N-二甲基胺,3-苯基丁基-N,N-二甲基胺,4-苯基丁基-N,N-二甲基胺,2-苯基乙基-N,N-二乙基胺,2-苯基丙基-N,N-二乙基胺,3-苯基丙基-N,N-二乙基胺,2-苯基丁基-N,N-二乙基胺,3-苯基丁基-N,N-二乙基胺,4-苯基丁基-N,N-二乙基胺,N,N-二甲基氨基吡啶,N,N-二甲基氨基吡嗪,N,N-二乙基氨基吡啶和N,N-二乙基氨基吡嗪。特别优选使用4-苯基丁胺和N,N-二甲基氨基吡啶。
按电解液体系的重量计,添加剂的用量优选至多10wt%,特别优选0.01-5wt%。
电化学电池的电解液体系进一步包括非质子性溶剂和溶在其中的导电盐。
优选溶剂的实例包括碳酸亚乙酯,碳酸亚丙酯,碳酸亚丁酯,碳酸二甲酯,碳酸二乙酯,碳酸甲乙酯,γ-丁内酯,甲酸甲酯,乙酸甲酯,1,2-二甲氧基乙烷,四氢呋喃,2-甲基四氢呋喃,二甲亚砜,1,3-二氧戊环,甲酰胺,二甲基甲酰胺,二氧戊烷,二噁烷,乙腈,硝基甲烷,磷酸三酯,三甲氧基甲烷,二氧戊烷衍生物,环丁砜,3-甲基-2-噁唑烷酮,碳酸亚丙酯衍生物和四氢呋喃衍生物。还可以使用溶剂混合物如碳酸亚乙酯/碳酸二甲酯(EC/DMC)。
适宜导电盐的实例包括具有选自下列阴离子的盐:BF4 -,PF6 -,AsF6 -,SbF6 -,ClO4 -,N(SO2CnF2n+1-mHm)2 -,C(SO2CnF2n+1-mHm)3 -,O(SO2CnF2n+1-mHm)-和[PF6-p(CnF2n+1-mHm)p]-,其中0≤n≤6,0≤m≤2n+1和0≤p≤5。导电盐的阳离子可以是碱金属离子如Li+,Na+,K+,Rb+或Cs+,或鎓离子如NH4 +。
导电盐的使用浓度优选为0.01-3mol/l,更优选为0.1-2mol/l。
例如,通式(I)的添加剂可用于降低锂离子电池中电解液体系的酸含量。
锂离子电池的负极包括能可逆获取与再释放锂离子的材料,并且这种材料的实例如石墨。
锂离子电池的正极包括锂-过渡金属的氧化物。优选的过渡金属包括Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Mo和W。锂-过渡金属的氧化物优选包括LiCoO2,LiNiO2,LiMnO2,LiMn2O4,Li(CoNi)O2,Li(CoV)O2和Li(CoFe)O2。
锂离子电池的电极可进一步包括添加剂,例如电导性增强组分,粘合剂,分散剂,填充剂和离子导电材料。例如,可以使用EP-A-785 586中记载的这些添加剂。添加剂可以用于包括常规导电盐的电解液中。适宜的电解液例如包括选自LiPF6、LiBF4、LiClO4、LiAsF6、LiCF3SO3、LiN(CF3SO2)2或LiC(CF3SO2)3的导电盐以及它们的混合物。电解液还包括有机异氰酸酯(DE 19944603)以降低水含量。同样,电解液还可以包括有机碱金属盐(DE 19910968)作为添加剂。其合适的实例为下述通式所示的碱金属硼酸盐:
Li+B-(OR1)m(OR2)p其中:m和p为0,1,2,3或4,且m+p=4,并且R1和R2相同或不同,它们彼此通过单键或双键直接连接或者相互不连接,在各自独立或相互连接的每种情况下具有芳族或脂族羧酸、二羧酸或磺酸基团的含义,或者在各自独立或相互连接的每种情况下具有选自苯基、萘基、蒽基和菲基的芳环含义,并且它可以是未取代的或被A或Hal单取代至四取代,或者在各自单独或相互连接的每种情况下具有选自吡啶基,吡嗪基(pyrazyl)和联吡啶基的杂芳环含义,并且它可以是未取代的或被A或Hal单取代至三取代,或者在各自独立或相互连接的每种情况下具有选自芳族羟基羧酸和芳族羟基磺酸的芳族羟基酸含义,并且它可以是未取代的或被A或Hal单取代至四取代,以及Hal为F,Cl或Br和A为含1-6个碳原子的烷基,该烷基可以被单卤代至三卤代。同样适宜的还有下述通式的碱金属醇盐
Li+OR-其中R:具有芳族或脂族羧酸、二羧酸或磺酸基团的含义,或者具有选自苯基、萘基、蒽基和菲基的芳环含义,该芳环可以是未取代的或被A或Hal单取代至四取代,或者具有选自吡啶基,吡嗪基(pyrazyl)和联吡啶基的杂芳环含义,该杂芳环可以是未取代的或被A或Hal单取代至三取代,或者具有选自芳族羟基羧酸和芳族羟基磺酸的芳族羟基酸含义,这种芳族羟基酸可以是未取代的或被A或Hal单取代至四取代,并且Hal为F,Cl或Br,和A为含1-6个碳原子的烷基,该烷基可以被单卤代至三卤代。
电解液中还可以包括下式锂配合物盐:其中R1和R2可以相同或不同,彼此通过单键或双键直接连接或者不相互连接,并且在各自独立或彼此连接的每种情况下具有选自苯基、萘基、蒽基和菲基的芳环含义,该芳环可以是未取代的或被烷基(C1-C6)、烷氧基(C1-C6)或卤素(F,Cl,Br)单取代至六取代,或者在各自独立或彼此连接的每种情况下具有选自吡啶基,吡嗪基(pyrazyl)和嘧啶基的芳杂环含义,该芳杂环可以是未取代的或被烷基(C1-C6)、烷氧基(C1-C6)或卤素(F,Cl,Br)单取代至四取代,或者在各自独立或彼此连接的每种情况下具有选自羟基苯羧基、羟基萘羧基、羟基苯磺酰基和羟基萘磺酰基的芳环含义,该芳环可以是未取代的或被烷基(C1-C6)、烷氧基(C1-C6)或卤素(F,Cl,Br)单取代至四取代,单独或两两之间通过单键或双键直接连接或彼此不连接的R3-R5各自可以具有下述含义:
1.烷基(C1-C6)、烷氧基(C1-C6)或卤素(F,Cl,Br)
2.选自如下的芳环:
苯基、萘基、蒽基或菲基,它们可以是未取代的或被烷基(C1-C6)、烷氧基(C1-C6)或卤素(F,Cl,Br)单取代至六取代,
吡啶基、吡嗪基(pyrazyl)和嘧啶基,它们可以是未取代的或被烷基(C1-C6)、烷氧基(C1-C6)或卤素(F,Cl,Br)单取代至四取代,并且这种锂配合物盐按照下述方法(DE 19932317)制备:
a)在适当溶剂中混合3-、4-、5-、6-取代的苯酚与氯磺酸,
b)使a)所制得的中间体与三甲基氯硅烷反应,过滤并进行分馏,
c)在适当溶剂中使b)所制得的中间体与四甲氧基硼酸锂(1-)反应,并从中分离出终产物。
同样,电解液还可以包含下式化合物(DE 19941566)
[([R1(CR2R3)k]1Ax)yKt]+-N(CF3)2其中Kt=N,P,As,Sb,S,SeA=N,P,P(O),O,S,S(O),SO2,As,As(O),Sb,Sb(O)R1,R2和R3,相同或不同,代表H,卤素,取代和/或未取代的烷基CnH2n+1,取代和/或未取代的含2-18个碳原子和一个或多个双键的链烯基,取代和/或未取代的含2-18个碳原子和一个或多个三键的炔基,取代和/或未取代的环烷基CmH2m-1,单-或多取代的和/或未取代的苯基,取代和/或未取代的杂芳基,其中A可以包含在R1,R2和/或R3中的各种位置上,Kt可以包含在碳环或杂环内,与Kt键合的基团可以相同或不同,并且n=1-18m=3-7k=0,1-6l=1或2(当x=1时)和1(当x=0时)x=0,1y=1-4。
制备这些化合物的方法的特征在于:使下述通式的碱金属盐:
D+-N(CF3)2
其中D+选自碱金属,在极性有机溶剂中与下述通式的盐反应:
[([R1(CR2R3)k]1Ax)yKt]+-E其中Kt,A,R1,R2,R3,k,l,x和y具有上述定义,并且-E为F-,Cl-,Br-,I-,BF4 -,ClO4 -,AsF6 -,SbF6 -或PF6 -。
然而,同样还可以使用这种电解液,它包括由部分氟化或全氟化的烷基磺酰氟与二甲胺在有机溶剂中反应制得的下述通式化合物(DE19953638)
X-(CYZ)mSO2N(CR1R2R3)2其中X为H,F,Cl,CnH2n+1,CnH2n-1,(SO)2)kN(CR1R2R3)2Y为H,F,ClZ为H,F,ClR1,R2,R3为H和/或烷基,氟代烷基,环烷基m为0-9,并且当X=H时,m≠0n为1-9当m=0时,k=0,而当m=1-9时,则k=1,以及由合适的硼或磷路易斯酸-溶剂加合物与锂或四烷基铵的氨化物、甲醇化物或三氟甲磺酸盐反应制得的下述通式配合物盐(DE19951804):
Mx+[EZ]y- xy其中:x,y为1,2,3,4,5,6Mx+为金属离子E为选自BR1R2R3,AlR1R2R3,PR1R2R3R4R5,AsR1R2R3R4R5,VR1R2R3R4R5的路易斯酸,R1-R5相同或不同,彼此通过单键或双键直接连接或者彼此不直接连接,并且在各自独立或相互连接的每种情况下具有下述含义:
卤素(F,Cl,Br),
可部分或全部被F、Cl、Br取代的烷基或烷氧基(C1-C8),
选自苯基、萘基、蒽基和菲基的芳环,它经由氧或不经氧发生键连,并且可以是未取代的或被烷基(C1-C8)或F、Cl、Br单取代至六取代,
选自吡啶基、吡嗪基(pyrazyl)和嘧啶基的芳杂环,它经由氧或不经氧发生键连,并且可以是未取代的或被烷基(C1-C8)或F、Cl、Br单取代至四取代,以及Z为OR6,NR6R7,NR6R7R8,OSO2R6,N(SO2R6)(SO2R7),C(SO2R6)(SO2R7)(SO2R8),OCOR6,其中
R6-R8相同或不同,彼此通过单键或双键直接连接或彼此不直接相互连接,并且在各自独立或彼此连接的每种情况下具有氢或R1-R5的含义。
同样,还可以存在下述通式的硼酸盐(DE 19959722):其中M金属离子或四烷基铵离子x,y为1,2,3,4,5或6,R1-R4为相同或不同的烷氧基或羧基(C1-C8),它们彼此间通过单键或双键直接连接或者彼此不直接相互连接。这些硼酸盐通过四烷氧基硼酸锂(lithium tetraalcoholate borate)或醇锂与硼酸酯的1∶1混合物在非质子性传递溶剂中同适当的羟基或羧基化合物以2∶1或4∶1的比例反应制备。
电解液中还可以使用的添加剂包括下述通式的氟烷基磷酸锂:
Li+[PFx(CyF2y+1-zHz)6-x]-其中1≤x≤53≤y≤80≤z≤2y+1并且配体(CyF2y+1-zHz)可以相同或不同,但其中下述通式化合物除外:
Li+[PFa(CHbFc(CF3)d)e]-其中a为整数2-5,b=0或1,c=0或1,d=2且e为整数1-4,条件是b和c不能同时=0,并且a+e之和等于6和配体(CHbFc(CF3)d)可以相同或不同(DE 100 089 55)。制备上述通式氟烷基磷酸锂的方法的特征在于通过在氢氟酸中电解对至少一种下述通式化合物进行氟化:HmP(CnH2n+1)3-m,OP(CnH2n+1)3,ClmP(CnH2n+1)3-m,FmP(CnH2n+1)3-m,CloP(CnH2n+1)5-o,FoP(CnH2n+1)5-o,其中上述各式中:0≤m≤2,3≤n≤8和0≤o≤4≤,并通过萃取、相分离和/或蒸馏分离如此得到的氟化产物混合物,进而在无水条件下使如此获得的氟化烷基正膦与氟化锂在非质子性传递溶剂或溶剂混合物中反应,然后利用常规方法纯化并分离所产生的盐。
这些添加剂可用于这种电化学电池的电解液中,它包括由选自Sb,Bi,Cd,In,Pb,Ga和锡的涂布金属芯或这些金属的合金构成的阳极材料(DE 100 16 024)。制备所述阳极材料的方法的特征在于:
a)在六亚甲基四胺中制备金属芯或合金芯的悬浮液或溶胶,
b)用C5-C12烃乳化上述悬浮液,
c)在金属或合金芯上沉积上述乳液,和
d)通过退火(annealing)所述体系将金属的氢氧化物或羟基氧化物转化为相应的氧化物。
这些添加剂还可以用于包括标准阴极的电化学电池中的电解液内。
这些添加剂还可以用于这种电化学电池的电解液中,它包括常规层间和插入锂化合物的阴极,但另一方面也可以包括涂布有一种或多种金属氧化物的锂混杂氧化物颗粒(DE 19922522)构成的阴极材料,其中所述氧化物颗粒的涂布可按下所述进行:将颗粒悬浮在有机溶剂内,并将此悬浮液同可水解金属化合物溶液和水解溶液一同混合,然后滤出涂布颗粒,干燥它们,并且如果需要的话再煅烧所得涂布颗粒。另一方面,它们也可以由按照下述方法获得的涂布有一种或多种聚合物(DE19946066)的锂混杂氧化物颗粒构成:将所述颗粒悬浮在溶剂中,随后滤出涂布颗粒,干燥,并且如果需要的话再加以煅烧。同样,本发明的添加剂还可以用于包括由锂混杂氧化物颗粒组成的阴极的体系中,其中所述的颗粒单层或多层涂布有碱金属化合物与碱金属氧化物(DE 10014 884)。制备这些材料的方法之特征在于将颗粒悬浮在有机溶剂中,加入悬浮于有机溶剂中的碱金属盐,加入溶于有机溶剂的金属氧化物,将所得悬浮液与水解溶液混合,然后滤出涂布颗粒,干燥并煅烧。
本发明用下列实施例加以说明。
实施例1制备包括胺的电解质溶液
将2或5wt%表1所列的胺溶于起始电解液(1M LiPF6/EC:DMC(1∶1);起始电解液中HF含量:100ppm)。室温搅拌所得溶液3小时,然后测量每种电解液中的HF含量。
表1
实施例2实施例1添加剂的抗氧化性
添加剂 | 搅拌3小时后HF含量 | 抗氧化性(相对于Li/Li+) |
4-苯基丁胺(5wt%) | <5ppm | 4.8V |
4-(N,N′-二甲氨基)吡啶(2 wt%) | <5ppm | 4.4V |
三丁胺(5 wt%) | <5ppm | 3.4V |
在每种情况下都使用包括铂工作电极、锂对电极和锂参比电极的测量电池连续记录5伏循环伏安图。为此,从静置电位开始,首先以10mV/s的速率增加电位至6.0V(相对于Li/Li+),随后再返回至静置电位。表1给出了所获得的氧化分解电位。图2-4分别显示了使用4-(N,N′-二甲氨基)吡啶、4-苯基丁胺和三丁胺(记载于USP 5 846673)获得的循环伏安图。
根据表1的结果可以推断,本发明使用的添加剂较之脂族胺如三丁胺具有更高的抗氧化性,而且可以用于例如锂离子电池(亦即用于4V体系)以降低非质子性电解液体系中的酸含量。
Claims (11)
1.通式(I)的添加剂在降低电化学电池的非质子性电解液体系中酸含量的用途:
NR1R2R3 (I)
其中:
R1和R2为H,CyF2y+1-zHz,或(CnF2n-mHm)X,X为芳基或杂环基,和
R3为(CnF2n-mHm)Y,Y为杂环基,或者R3为(CoF2o-pHp)Z,Z为芳基,
并且其中的n,m,o,p,y和z满足下列条件:
0≤n≤6,
0≤m≤2n,
2≤o≤6,
0≤p≤2o,
1≤y≤8,和
0≤z≤2y+1。
2.根据权利要求1的用途,其特征在于R1和R2选自H、烷基、芳烷基和芳基。
3.根据权利要求1或2的用途,其特征在于R1、R2或R3所代表的杂环基为吡啶基或吡嗪基。
4.根据权利要求1或2的用途,其特征在于R3所代表的芳基为2-苯基乙基,2-苯基丙基,3-苯基丙基,2-苯基丁基,3-苯基丁基或4-苯基丁基。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项的用途,其特征在于所述添加剂选自2-苯基乙胺,2-苯基丙胺,3-苯基丙胺,2-苯基丁胺,3-苯基丁胺,4-苯基丁胺,2-苯基乙基-N-甲基胺,2-苯基丙基-N-甲基胺,3-苯基丙基-N-甲基胺,2-苯基丁基-N-甲基胺,3-苯基丁基-N-甲基胺,4-苯基丁基-N-甲基胺,2-苯基乙基-N-乙基胺,2-苯基丙基-N-乙基胺,3-苯基丙基-N-乙基胺,2-苯基丁基-N-乙基胺,3-苯基丁基-N-乙基胺,4-苯基丁基-N-乙基胺,2-苯基乙基-N,N-二甲基胺,2-苯基丙基-N,N-二甲基胺,3-苯基丙基-N,N-二甲基胺,2-苯基丁基-N,N-二甲基胺,3-苯基丁基-N,N-二甲基胺,4-苯基丁基-N,N-二甲基胺,2-苯基乙基-N,N-二乙基胺,2-苯基丙基-N,N-二乙基胺,3-苯基丙基-N,N-二乙基胺,2-苯基丁基-N,N-二乙基胺,3-苯基丁基-N,N-二乙基胺,4-苯基丁基-N,N-二乙基胺,N,N-二甲基氨基吡啶,N,N-二甲基氨基吡嗪,N,N-二乙基氨基吡啶和N,N-二乙基氨基吡嗪。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项的用途,其特征在于添加剂的用量按电解液体系的重量计为至多10wt%。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项的用途,其特征在于非质子性电解液体系包括选自如下的溶剂:碳酸亚乙酯,碳酸亚丙酯,碳酸亚丁酯,碳酸二甲酯,碳酸二乙酯,碳酸甲乙酯,γ-丁内酯,甲酸甲酯,乙酸甲酯,1,2-二甲氧基乙烷,四氢呋喃,2-甲基四氢呋喃,二甲亚砜,1,3-二氧戊环,甲酰胺,二甲基甲酰胺,二氧戊烷,二噁烷,乙腈,硝基甲烷,磷酸三酯,三甲氧基甲烷,二氧戊烷衍生物,环丁砜,3-甲基-2-噁唑烷酮,碳酸亚丙酯衍生物和四氢呋喃衍生物以及这些溶剂的混合物。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任一项的用途,其特征在于所述非质子性电解液体系包括具有选自下列阴离子的导电盐:BF4 -,PF6 -,AsF6 -,SbF6 -,C1O4 -,N(SO2CnF2n+1-mHm)2 -,C(SO2CnF2n+1-mHm)3 -,O(SO2CnF2n+1-mHm)-和[PF6-p(CnF2n+1-mHm)p]-,其中0≤n≤6,0≤m≤2n+1和0≤p≤5。
9.电化学电池,其包括阳极、阴极和包含权利要求1所述的通式(I)添加剂的非质子性电解液体系。
10.锂离子电池,其包括权利要求9的电化学电池。
11.双层电容器,其包括权利要求9的电化学电池。
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CN102956369A (zh) * | 2011-08-18 | 2013-03-06 | 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 | 电解液及其配制方法 |
CN102956374A (zh) * | 2011-08-18 | 2013-03-06 | 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 | 电解液及其配制方法 |
CN107004835A (zh) * | 2015-09-28 | 2017-08-01 | 瓦克化学股份公司 | 作为锂离子电池的电解质组分的腈和胺 |
CN107394268A (zh) * | 2017-07-28 | 2017-11-24 | 广州天赐高新材料股份有限公司 | 锂二次电池电解液及其锂二次电池 |
CN109411821A (zh) * | 2017-08-16 | 2019-03-01 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 一种二次电池 |
CN109524714A (zh) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-03-26 | 惠州市豪鹏科技有限公司 | 一种锂离子电池电解液及锂离子电池 |
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CN101517678B (zh) | 2006-09-19 | 2012-05-30 | 大发工业株式会社 | 电化学电容器 |
JP5419142B2 (ja) * | 2009-04-22 | 2014-02-19 | Necエナジーデバイス株式会社 | 非水電解液及びそれを用いた二次電池 |
JP2011154987A (ja) * | 2009-12-29 | 2011-08-11 | Sony Corp | 非水電解質および非水電解質電池 |
JP6182932B2 (ja) * | 2013-03-29 | 2017-08-23 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 蓄電デバイス |
CN103943882A (zh) * | 2014-03-27 | 2014-07-23 | 北京化学试剂研究所 | 锂电池电解液的配制方法 |
KR102130028B1 (ko) | 2014-05-09 | 2020-07-03 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 리튬 이차 전지 |
DE102016209594A1 (de) * | 2016-06-01 | 2017-12-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Hybridsuperkondensator umfassend Elektrolytzusammensetzung mit verbesserter Leitfähigkeit |
DE102016209982A1 (de) * | 2016-06-07 | 2017-12-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Hybridsuperkondensator mit erhöhter Lebensdauer |
JP7088565B2 (ja) * | 2017-02-17 | 2022-06-21 | ヴェストファーレン ヴィルヘルム-ウニヴェルジテート ミュンスター | リチウムイオンバッテリーシステム用の電解質添加物 |
RU2656858C1 (ru) * | 2017-09-12 | 2018-06-07 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Уфимский государственный нефтяной технический университет" | Способ получения альверина |
CN113130991B (zh) * | 2021-04-12 | 2022-06-10 | 中创新航技术研究院(江苏)有限公司 | 电解液、电池及化成方法 |
-
2001
- 2001-08-08 EP EP01118762A patent/EP1187244A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-09-03 TW TW090121778A patent/TW523959B/zh active
- 2001-09-05 CA CA002356578A patent/CA2356578A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-09-06 JP JP2001269851A patent/JP2002158036A/ja active Pending
- 2001-09-06 BR BR0103932-6A patent/BR0103932A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-09-06 RU RU2001124650/09A patent/RU2001124650A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-09-07 KR KR1020010055116A patent/KR20020020645A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-09-07 CN CN01132644A patent/CN1343024A/zh active Pending
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102956369A (zh) * | 2011-08-18 | 2013-03-06 | 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 | 电解液及其配制方法 |
CN102956374A (zh) * | 2011-08-18 | 2013-03-06 | 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 | 电解液及其配制方法 |
CN107004835A (zh) * | 2015-09-28 | 2017-08-01 | 瓦克化学股份公司 | 作为锂离子电池的电解质组分的腈和胺 |
CN107394268A (zh) * | 2017-07-28 | 2017-11-24 | 广州天赐高新材料股份有限公司 | 锂二次电池电解液及其锂二次电池 |
CN109411821A (zh) * | 2017-08-16 | 2019-03-01 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 一种二次电池 |
CN109411821B (zh) * | 2017-08-16 | 2020-11-24 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 一种二次电池 |
CN109524714A (zh) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-03-26 | 惠州市豪鹏科技有限公司 | 一种锂离子电池电解液及锂离子电池 |
CN109524714B (zh) * | 2018-11-07 | 2022-01-21 | 惠州市豪鹏科技有限公司 | 一种锂离子电池电解液及锂离子电池 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20020020645A (ko) | 2002-03-15 |
JP2002158036A (ja) | 2002-05-31 |
BR0103932A (pt) | 2002-05-21 |
CA2356578A1 (en) | 2002-03-07 |
EP1187244A2 (de) | 2002-03-13 |
TW523959B (en) | 2003-03-11 |
RU2001124650A (ru) | 2003-07-20 |
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