CN107004835A - 作为锂离子电池的电解质组分的腈和胺 - Google Patents
作为锂离子电池的电解质组分的腈和胺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107004835A CN107004835A CN201680003620.8A CN201680003620A CN107004835A CN 107004835 A CN107004835 A CN 107004835A CN 201680003620 A CN201680003620 A CN 201680003620A CN 107004835 A CN107004835 A CN 107004835A
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- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte
- weight
- parts
- amine
- nitrile
- Prior art date
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- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000005677 organic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013098 LiBF2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- AYDQIZKZTQHYIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC(=O)C1(C)CC(C(O)=O)=CC=C1 Chemical class OC(=O)C1(C)CC(C(O)=O)=CC=C1 AYDQIZKZTQHYIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001540 lithium hexafluoroarsenate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 10
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- -1 ester carbonate Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RFFFKMOABOFIDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentanenitrile Chemical compound CCCCC#N RFFFKMOABOFIDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyronitrile Chemical compound CCCC#N KVNRLNFWIYMESJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- JMEWTHPANUTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoro(dimethyl)silicon Chemical compound C[Si](C)F JMEWTHPANUTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical compound CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- KAJZYANLDWUIES-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptadecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN KAJZYANLDWUIES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- FJLUATLTXUNBOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Hexadecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN FJLUATLTXUNBOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910032387 LiCoO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical class C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OJGMBLNIHDZDGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Ethylaniline Chemical compound CCNC1=CC=CC=C1 OJGMBLNIHDZDGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC=C1 WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCC1 BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylamine Chemical compound CCCCNCCCC JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WDAXFOBOLVPGLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl isobutyrate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)C WDAXFOBOLVPGLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940043265 methyl isobutyl ketone Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pimelic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC(O)=O WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000319 transition metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ABVVEAHYODGCLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCN ABVVEAHYODGCLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GIWQSPITLQVMSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethylimidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1C GIWQSPITLQVMSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006091 1,3-dioxolane group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JPZYXGPCHFZBHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-aminopentadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN JPZYXGPCHFZBHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(C(=O)N)CCN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylimidazole Chemical class C=CN1C=CN=C1 OSSNTDFYBPYIEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1H-imidazole Chemical class CN1C=CN=C1 MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLMZKZJCMDOKFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octylimidazole Chemical class CCCCCCCCN1C=CN=C1 KLMZKZJCMDOKFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQEUFEKYXDPUSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylethylamine Chemical class CC(N)C1=CC=CC=C1 RQEUFEKYXDPUSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBALTUBRZPIPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-di(propan-2-yl)aniline Chemical class CC(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)C)=C1N WKBALTUBRZPIPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFFBMTHBGFGIHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethylaniline Chemical class CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1N UFFBMTHBGFGIHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCS)C(=O)C2=C1 UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical class CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCEZOHLWDIONSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[2-[2-(3-aminopropoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]propan-1-amine Chemical class NCCCOCCOCCOCCCN JCEZOHLWDIONSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YOOSAIJKYCBPFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[4-(3-aminopropoxy)butoxy]propan-1-amine Chemical class NCCCOCCCCOCCCN YOOSAIJKYCBPFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMPPGHMHELILKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethoxyaniline Chemical class CCOC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 IMPPGHMHELILKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BNEWZYZRLNNWNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-heptylaniline Chemical compound CCCCCCCC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 BNEWZYZRLNNWNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKGBNAGNNUEZQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methyl-n,n-bis(6-methylheptyl)heptan-1-amine Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCN(CCCCCC(C)C)CCCCCC(C)C YKGBNAGNNUEZQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVPQQKPBYFAWKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[C]CC Chemical compound C[C]CC ZVPQQKPBYFAWKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003321 CoFe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002441 CoNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicyclohexylamine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1NC1CCCCC1 XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical class NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diisopropyl ether Chemical compound CC(C)OC(C)C ZAFNJMIOTHYJRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000790917 Dioxys <bee> Species 0.000 description 1
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004259 Li(NiMn)O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011279 LiCoPO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002993 LiMnO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003005 LiNiO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013084 LiNiPO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002097 Lithium manganese(III,IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001410 Microfiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000498779 Myristica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009421 Myristica fragrans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AFBPFSWMIHJQDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylaniline Chemical compound CNC1=CC=CC=C1 AFBPFSWMIHJQDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Octadecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHHGXPLMPWCGHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenethylamine Chemical class NCCC1=CC=CC=C1 BHHGXPLMPWCGHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PLZVEHJLHYMBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetradecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCN PLZVEHJLHYMBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Mn].[Co].[Ni] KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N adiponitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCC#N BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JHMKWDBHCQJSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethanol;morpholine Chemical compound N.C1COCCN1.OCCOCCO JHMKWDBHCQJSCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000037429 base substitution Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanoic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OCC OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005587 carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylbenzylamine Chemical class CN(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000840 electrochemical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000219 ethylidene group Chemical group [H]C(=[*])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKQPCPXONLDCMU-CCEZHUSRSA-N lacidipine Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=C(C)NC(C)=C(C(=O)OCC)C1C1=CC=CC=C1\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)(C)C GKQPCPXONLDCMU-CCEZHUSRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013081 microcrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003658 microfiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QATBRNFTOCXULG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[2-(methylamino)ethyl]ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CNCCNCCN QATBRNFTOCXULG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSHTWPWTCXQLQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butylaniline Chemical compound CCCCNC1=CC=CC=C1 VSHTWPWTCXQLQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXTHKGMZDDTZFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-cyclohexylaniline Chemical compound C1CCCCC1NC1=CC=CC=C1 TXTHKGMZDDTZFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- PXSXRABJBXYMFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexylhexan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCNCCCCCC PXSXRABJBXYMFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKVDMBQGHZVMRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyldecan-1-amine Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCNC IKVDMBQGHZVMRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMNSMBWAESLVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentylaniline Chemical class CCCCCNC1=CC=CC=C1 UMNSMBWAESLVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWCVVRYELBMNJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propylaniline Chemical compound [CH2]CCNC1=CC=CC=C1 CWCVVRYELBMNJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZFYOFFTIYJCEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-tridecyltridecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCCCCCCC PZFYOFFTIYJCEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IWPWMAJDSLSRIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N nezukone Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC(=O)C=C1 IWPWMAJDSLSRIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001702 nutmeg Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010421 standard material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005137 succinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005270 trialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960001124 trientine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及电解质,其包含100重量份的非质子溶剂,1‑50重量份的含锂导电盐,5‑100重量份的碳酸亚乙烯酯,0.5‑20重量份的腈,和0.1‑10重量份的胺。本发明还涉及以及包含阴极、阳极、隔板和所述电解质的锂离子电池。
Description
本发明涉及一种电解质,其包含非质子溶剂、含锂的导电盐、碳酸亚乙烯酯、腈和胺,还涉及锂离子电池。
锂离子电池是移动应用中最有希望的体系之一。其使用领域的范围是从高价值的电子设备到电动汽车的电池。
已经广泛地描述了基于环状/脂肪族碳酸酯的锂离子电池的电解质原溶液,其是形成绝大多数基础电解质组合物的基础的主要成分。碳酸亚乙烯酯(VC)作为成膜添加剂被旨在用来支撑固体电解质界面(SEI)的构造,其通常的用量为2-10wt量%。US7476469还描述了用于由薄的无定形/微晶硅层组成的阳极材料的具有更高VC分数的原溶液。
Gu-Yeon Kim和J.R.Dahn,Journal of the Electrochemical Society,162(3)A437-A447(2015)描述了使用某些腈(琥珀腈SN、己二腈AN、庚二腈PN)作为NMC442//石墨全电池的电解质添加剂。描述了在容量损失方面的改善以及在60℃下循环实验中气体形成的最小化。此外,在添加SN后,观察到了电解质氧化稳定性的改善。因此,其造成了NMC442阴极材料(>4.4V)的循环稳定性的改善。
DE10027626描述了与现有技术相关的使用三丁基胺作为用于清除H2O和HF的电解质添加剂。三丁基胺不是氧化稳定的,并在相对于Li/Li+的约3.5V下不可逆地分解。
作为电解质添加剂,三丁基胺有助于通过稳定导电盐LiPF6来提高电池的储存稳定性,如DE69027143所述。
US8551661使用了取代/未取代的胺,例如三烷基胺、芳基胺和杂环胺作为第一可能的添加剂,与作为第二添加剂的Li(C2O4)BF2组合。此添加剂组合在被用于碳酸酯基的电解质混合物中是,表现出了增强的循环稳定性和改善的压延老化特性。
由于在循环过程中含Si阳极材料的体积严重膨胀,含有含Si的阳极材料的锂离子电池的循环稳定性仍然不足。由于单个电解质成分的电化学分解而在初始循环中形成的SEI层不能承受严重的机械负荷。SEI层的累进的重新形成导致单个电解质组分的耗尽/消耗,并因此随着循环次数的增加,电池的容量持续下降。
本发明的一个主题是电解质,其包含
100重量份的非质子溶剂,
1-50重量份的含锂导电盐,
5-100重量份的碳酸亚乙烯酯,
0.5-20重量份的腈,和
0.1-10重量份的胺。
令人惊讶的是,已经发现,通过使用腈和胺的组合作为富含VC的原电解质溶液中的添加剂,可以显著地改善锂离子电池循环期间的容量保持。所述的连续容量保持事实上要好于所选的参比电解质混合物,从文献中已知的含Si阳极的电解质组合物开始[Kawashima,A.等人,Journal of The Electrochemical Society 2011,158,A798-A801;Aurbach,D.等人,Langmuir 2012,28,965-976]。所述参比电解质混合物由碳酸甲乙酯(EMC)和氟代碳酸亚乙酯(FEC)和少量VC组成。
优选使用的腈是优选含有2-20个碳原子,更特别是4-12个碳原子的单羧酸或多元羧酸的腈。
优选的是脂族饱和一元羧酸的腈,如乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸和己酸,以及具有至多18个碳原子的脂族酸的腈,更特别是戊腈(VN)。
还优选诸如丙二酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸和辛二酸的脂族饱和二元羧酸的二腈。
还优选的是具有至多18个碳原子的脂族饱和一元羧酸的甲硅烷基化的腈,更特别是由US 20140356735已知的3-(氟代二甲基硅基)丁腈(FSN)。
优选腈的沸点在1013hPa至少是120℃,更优选在1013hPa下至少是150℃。
所述电解质优选包含1-10重量份,更特别是2-8重量份的腈。
所述胺优选选自于脂族和芳族的伯、仲和叔胺。可以使用具有伯、仲和叔胺官能团的单胺,也可以是多胺。
优选的单胺具有通式(I)
NR1R2R3 (I),
其中
R1、R2和R3是H或具有1-30个碳原子的单价烃基,其可以由选自于F-、Cl-和OR4的取代基取代,其中非相邻的-CH2-单元可以用选自于-C(=O)-和-O-的单元替代,和
R4是具有1-10个碳原子的烷基。
所述单价的烃基R1、R2和R3可以是线性、环状、支化、芳香、饱和或不饱和的。所述烃基R1、R2和R3优选具有1-20个碳原子,特别优选具有1-6个碳原子的烷基、烷基芳基、芳基烷基和苯基。
如果R1、R2和R3中的两个或三个是相互连接的,它们可以形成单环或双环的烃环。
优选叔胺,其中在通式(I)中R1、R2和R3是单价的更特别是未取代的具有1-30个,优选2-10个碳原子的烃基。
优选的多胺具有通式(II)
R5 2N-(CR6 2)a-(NR7-(CR6 2)b)c-NR5 2 (II),
其中
R5、R6和R7是H或具有1-18个碳原子的烃基,其可以由选自于F-、Cl-和OH的取代基取代,其中非相邻的-CH2-单元可以用选自于-C(=O)-和-O-的单元替代,
a和b是1-6的整数,和
c是0或1-40的整数。
a和b优选是2或3。
c优选是1-6的整数。
优选a和b是相同的。
特别优选的通式(II)的多胺(A)的实例如下:
二亚乙基三胺(H2N-CH2CH2-NH-CH2CH2-NH2)
三亚乙基四胺(H2N-CH2CH2-(NH-CH2CH2-)2-NH2)
四亚乙基五胺(H2N-CH2CH2-(NH-CH2CH2-)3-NH2)
五亚乙基六胺(H2N-CH2CH2-(NH-CH2CH2-)4-NH2)
六亚乙基七胺(H2N-CH2CH2-(NH-CH2CH2-)5-NH2)
上述胺的混合物,作为工业产品由市售购得的这类产品,例如(BASFSE)。
其他优选的单胺和多胺的实例是辛胺、壬胺、癸胺、十一烷胺、十二烷胺(月桂胺)、三丁胺、三异辛胺、十三烷胺、十三烷胺(异构体混合物)、十四烷胺(肉豆蔻胺)、十五烷胺、十六烷胺(鲸蜡基胺)、十七烷胺、十八烷胺(硬脂基胺)、4-己基苯胺、4-庚基苯胺、4-辛基苯胺、
2,6-二异丙基苯胺、4-乙氧基苯胺、N-甲基苯胺、N-乙基苯胺、N-丙基苯胺、N-丁基苯胺、N-戊基苯胺、N-己基苯胺、N-辛基苯胺、N-环己基苯胺、二环己胺、对甲苯胺、二氢吲哚、2-苯基乙胺、1-苯基乙胺、N-甲基癸胺、苄胺、N,N-二甲基苄胺、1-甲基咪唑、2-乙基己胺、二丁胺、二己胺、二(2-乙基己基胺)、3,3'-二甲基-4,4'-二胺基二环己基甲烷、4,4'-二胺基二环己基甲烷、双十三烷基胺(异构体混合物)、异佛尔酮二胺、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基-1,6-己二胺、N,N-二甲基环己基胺、八亚甲基二胺、2,6-二甲苯胺、4,7,10-三氧杂十三烷-1,13-二胺、4,9-二氧杂十二烷-1,12-二胺、二-(2-甲氧基乙基)胺、双(2-二甲基胺基乙基)醚、聚醚胺(BASF SE)、2-(二异丙基胺基)乙胺、五甲基二亚乙基三胺、N-(3-胺基丙基)咪唑、1,2-二甲基咪唑、2,2'-二吗啉二乙醚、二甲基胺基乙氧基乙醇、双(2-二甲基胺基乙基)醚、–s-三嗪(BASF AG)、1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU)、3-(2-胺基乙基氨基)丙胺、3-(环己基胺基)丙胺、二亚丙基三胺、N4-胺(N,N'-双(3-胺丙基)-乙二胺)、AMIX M(BASF AG)(=高沸点吗啉衍生物)、1-(2-羟乙基)哌嗪、1-乙烯基咪唑、1-己基咪唑、1-辛基咪唑、1-(2-乙基己基)咪唑。
优选的胺的沸点在1013hPa下至少是120℃,更优选在1013hPa下至少是150℃。
所述电解质优选包含0.5-8重量份,更特别是1-5重量份的胺。
所述非质子溶剂优选选自于有机碳酸酯,如碳酸二甲酯、碳酸二乙酯、乙基甲基碳酸酯、碳酸亚乙酯、碳酸亚乙烯酯、碳酸亚丙基酯、碳酸亚丁酯;环状和线性酯,如乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、丙酸丙酯、丁酸乙酯、异丁酸乙酯;环状和线性醚,2-甲基四氢呋喃、1,2-二乙氧基甲烷、THF、二氧六烷、1,3-二氧戊环、二异丙醚、二甘醇二甲醚;酮,如环戊酮、二异丙基酮、甲基异丁基酮;内酯,如γ-丁内酯;环丁砜、二甲基亚砜、甲酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺、3-甲基-1,3-噁唑烷-2-酮和这些溶剂的混合物。
特别优选的是上述有机碳酸酯。
所述电解质优选包含5-30重量份,更特别是10-20重量份的含锂导电盐。
所述含锂导电盐优选选自于LiPF6、LiBF4、LiClO4、LiAsF6、(LiB(C2O4)2、LiBF2(C2O4))、LiSO3CxF2x+1、LiN(SO2CxF2x+1)2和LiC(SO2CxF2x+1)3(其中x为0-8的整数),及其混合物。
所述电解质优选包含10-70重量份,更优选是20-50重量份,更特别是12-30重量份的碳酸亚乙烯酯(VC)。
所述电解质还可以,如DE10027626A中所述的,包含其它的添加剂,例如有机异氰酸酯以降低水含量,HF清除剂,LiF的增溶剂,有机锂盐和/或复合盐。
同样地,本发明的主题是包括阴极、阳极、隔板和上述电解质的锂离子电池。
所述锂离子电池的负极(阳极)优选包含能够可逆地吸收并释放锂离子的材料,例如金属锂,碳,如炭黑或石墨,硅,锡,铝或铅,优选石墨和/或硅。锂离子电池的正极(阴极)优选包含锂过渡金属氧化物或锂过渡金属磷酸盐。优选的过渡金属是Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Co、Fe、Ni、Mo、W。优选的锂过渡金属氧化物是LiCoO2、LiCoO2、LiNiO2、LiMnO2、LiMn2O4、Li(CoNi)O2、Li(CoV)O2、Li(CoFe)O2。优选的锂过渡金属磷酸盐是LiCoPO4、Li(NiMn)O2和LiNiPO4。锂离子电池的电极可以包含其它添加剂,例如提高电导率,粘合剂,分散剂和填料。可以使用EP785586A中描述的其它添加剂。
类似地,本发明的主题是在锂离子电池中使用上述电解质。
上述式中的所有上述符号在每种情况下具有彼此独立的定义。在所有式中,硅原子都是四价的。
在下面的实施例中,除非在每种情况下另有说明,否则所有量值和百分比数据都是基于重量,所有压力均为0.10MPa(绝对),所有温度均为20℃。
实施例:
1.使用乙基甲基碳酸酯(EMC)和氟代碳酸亚乙酯(FEC)的参比电解质混合物(非本发明)
由文献已知的电解质组合物开始[Kawashima,A.等人,Journal of TheElectrochemical Society 2011,158,A798-A801;Aurbach,D.等人,Langmuir 2012,28,965-976],制备体积比为30:70的FEC/EMC混合物。将2wt%的碳酸乙烯酯和1M LiPF6溶解在该混合物中。
2.含有戊腈和三丁胺的电解质混合物
制备体积比为30:70的碳酸乙烯酯/碳酸二乙酯的混合物。
将5wt%的正戊腈(戊腈)和2wt%的三丁胺和1M LiPF6溶解在该混合物中。
3.含有3-(氟代二甲基硅基)丁腈和三丁胺的电解质混合物
制备体积比为30:70的碳酸乙烯酯/碳酸二乙酯的混合物。
将10wt%的氟代二甲基硅基丁腈和2wt%的三丁胺和1M LiPF6溶解在该混合物中。
所用电极和电池构造:使用实施例1、2和3的电解质混合物构建具有Si/石墨阳极和NMC(镍锰钴)的完整电池(CR2032型)。电解质的量恒定在80μl。GF型D玻璃微纤维过滤器(Whatman)被用作隔板。使用的阳极由20%的硅(平均粒度为~180nm的未聚集颗粒)、60%的石墨(SFG 6)、8%的粘合剂(CMC 1380)和12%的导电炭黑(Super P)构成。所用阴极是由94%NMC111、2%粘合剂和4%导电材料组成的标准材料。所用阴极与阳极的容量比为2.0/2.1mAh/cm2。在每种情况下测量所构建的电池在第一个循环中的放电容量C1,以及在100(C100保留)和300(C300保留)个循环后的容量保持。结果列于表1。
设备和测量方法:使用BaSyTeC CTS-Lab Battery Test System在完整纽扣电池中进行电化学测试。首先在C/10下的两个循环中在电压窗口4.2-3.0V内形成所述电池,随后进行各种后续CV步骤(4.2-3V,C/10,cccv(cv步骤至I<0.01CA))。随后,在相同的电压窗口下,在C/2下运行300个循环,然后进行各种后续CV步骤4.2-3V,C/2,cccv(cv步骤至I<0.125CA))。
表1:
*FSN:3-(氟代二甲基硅基)丁腈
戊腈/三丁胺和FSN/三丁胺的效果从表1的容量保留上证实:相比于参比电解质混合物(见实施例1),实现了100个循环后的约15%改善和300个循环后的约23%改善。
通过在第一循环C1中电池的大致相等的放电容量证实了使用电解质混合物1、2和3的电极的初始状态(充电、平衡)相同。
Claims (11)
1.电解质,其包含
100重量份的非质子溶剂,
1-50重量份的含锂导电盐,
5-100重量份的碳酸亚乙烯酯,
0.5-20重量份的腈,和
0.1-10重量份的胺。
2.根据权利要求1的电解质,其中使用了含有2-20个碳原子的单羧酸或多羧酸的腈。
3.根据前述权利要求之一的电解质,其包含1-10重量份的腈。
4.根据前述权利要求之一的电解质,其中使用了通式(I)的单胺
NR1R2R3 (I),
其中
R1、R2和R3是H或具有1-30个碳原子的单价烃基,其可以由选自于F-、Cl-和OR4的取代基取代,其中非相邻的-CH2-单元可以用选自于-C(=O)-和-O-的单元替代,和
R4是具有1-10个碳原子的烷基。
5.根据前述权利要求之一的电解质,其中使用了通式(II)的多胺
R5 2N-(CR6 2)a-(NR7-(CR6 2)b)c-NR5 2 (II),
其中
R5、R6和R7是H或具有1-18个碳原子的烃基,其可以由选自于F-、Cl-和OH-的取代基取代,其中非相邻的-CH2-单元可以用选自于-C(=O)-和-O-的单元替代,
a和b是1-6的整数,和
c是0或1-40的整数。
6.根据前述权利要求之一的电解质,其包含0.5-8重量份的胺。
7.根据前述权利要求之一的电解质,其包含10-70重量份的碳酸亚乙烯酯。
8.根据前述权利要求之一的电解质,其中所述非质子溶剂选自于有机碳酸酯、环状和线性酯、环状和线性醚、酮、内酯、环丁砜、二甲基亚砜、甲酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺、3-甲基-1,3-噁唑烷-2-酮,及这些溶剂的混合物。
9.根据前述权利要求之一的电解质,其中所述含锂导电盐选自于LiPF6、LiBF4、LiClO4、LiAsF6、LiSO3CxF2x+1、(LiB(C2O4)2、LiBF2(C2O4))、LiN(SO2CxF2x+1)2和LiC(SO2CxF2x+1)3及其混合物,其中x为0-8的整数。
10.锂离子电池,其包含阴极、阳极、隔板、和根据前述权利要求之一的电解质。
11.根据权利要求10的锂离子电池,其包括含硅的阳极。
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DE102015218634.2A DE102015218634A1 (de) | 2015-09-28 | 2015-09-28 | Nitrile und Amine als Elektrolytbestandteile für Lithium-Ionen-Batterien |
DE102015218634.2 | 2015-09-28 | ||
PCT/EP2016/071154 WO2017055048A1 (de) | 2015-09-28 | 2016-09-08 | Nitrile und amine als elektrolytbestandteile für lithium-ionen-batterien |
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US20220171245A1 (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2022-06-02 | Gentex Corporation | Electro-optic element with additive |
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