CN1332066C - 多层镀敷汽车燃料配管零件 - Google Patents

多层镀敷汽车燃料配管零件 Download PDF

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CN1332066C
CN1332066C CNB038174650A CN03817465A CN1332066C CN 1332066 C CN1332066 C CN 1332066C CN B038174650 A CNB038174650 A CN B038174650A CN 03817465 A CN03817465 A CN 03817465A CN 1332066 C CN1332066 C CN 1332066C
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松原德文
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Abstract

本发明提供一种不使用六价铬酸盐即可提高由三价铬酸盐构成的表面保护覆膜的表面平滑度的多层镀敷汽车燃料配管零件。在表面由以铬酸盐覆膜为最上层的多层镀敷膜包覆起来的钢材制的汽车燃料配管零件中，多层镀敷层从下层开始依次包括：Zn-Ni合金镀敷覆膜、中间层的锌镀敷覆膜、最上层的三价铬酸盐覆膜，其中，Zn-Ni合金镀敷覆膜的膜厚为5～10μm，锌镀敷覆膜的膜厚为5～10μm，三价铬酸盐覆膜的膜厚为0.1～1.0μm。

Description

多层镀敷汽车燃料配管零件
技术领域
本发明涉及进行了铬酸盐光泽处理的、通过多层镀敷将表面包覆起来的供油管等汽车燃料配管零件。
背景技术
在构成汽车的燃料配管的金属管材等零件的表面上形成镀敷覆膜，用以根据其用途来强化零件本身的材料所不足的耐腐蚀性、耐化学性、耐磨耗性等机械性质。
例如，在用于将通过燃料供给配管送来的燃料分配到喷油器的供油管中，主要实施Zn-Ni合金类的镀敷，以达到防腐蚀的目的。一直以来广为使用的方法是，在钢板的表面上形成Zn-Ni合金镀敷覆膜，在其上包覆作为表面保护层的六价铬酸盐覆膜。在镀敷覆膜上因锌氧化而容易产生所谓白绣，所以通过用六价铬酸盐层将其包覆起来而防止该现象的发生。
六价铬酸盐含有对环境有害的物质六价铬，所以近年来，从环境保护的观点出发，有使用三价铬酸盐作为六价铬酸盐的替代品的趋势。
例如，作为这种以往技术，可以列举出特开2001-181856号公报、特开2000-252042号公报。
但是，在供油管的情况下，对于主体部的镀敷层，要求防腐蚀性，而对于喷油器油杯的镀敷层，耐腐蚀性自不必说，还要求表面平滑。
在插装在喷油器油杯上的喷油器的插入部上安装有O形环，用以防止汽油的泄漏。将喷油器压入到油杯中，使得在喷油器的插入部和油杯的内径部之间几乎没有间隙，然后用止动器等进行固定。
在将喷油器插入到油杯中时，为了不使汽油的泄漏无法辨别，而不能使用可使插入顺滑的油等物质。
对于将六价铬酸盐覆膜作为表面保护层的油杯，由于六价铬酸盐覆膜的表面比较粗糙，所以插入喷油器时的摩擦阻力较大，有时还会损伤或弄断O形环。
另一方面，在使用三价铬酸盐覆膜作为六价铬酸盐覆膜的替代物的情况下，三价铬酸盐覆膜与Zn-Ni合金镀敷层的粘附性较差，所以存在插入喷油器时会损坏三价铬酸盐覆膜的缺点，因而不适于在供油管的镀敷处理中使用。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的在于解决前述现有技术所存在的问题，提供一种不必使用六价铬酸盐即可提高由三价铬酸盐构成的表面保护覆膜的表面平滑度的多层镀敷汽车燃料配管零件。
另外，本发明的另一目的在于提供这样一种供油管，其利用高平滑度的表面保护覆膜，可以不损伤O形环等密封件，从而可使零件的压入作业性变好。
为达到前述目的，本发明的多层镀敷钢板是，在表面由以铬酸盐覆膜为最上层的多层镀敷膜包覆起来的钢材制的汽车燃料配管零件中，其特征在于，前述多层镀敷层从下层开始依次包括：Zn-Ni合金镀敷覆膜、中间层的锌镀敷覆膜、最上层的三价铬酸盐覆膜，其中，Zn-Ni合金镀敷覆膜的膜厚为5～10μm，锌镀敷覆膜的膜厚为5～10μm，三价铬酸盐覆膜的膜厚为0.1～1.0μm。
一般地，三价铬酸盐覆膜本身与六价铬酸盐覆膜相比其表面的凹凸等粗糙的程度较小。但是三价铬酸盐覆膜与Zn-Ni合金镀敷覆膜的粘附性较差，如果直接包覆在Zn-Ni合金镀敷覆膜上，则不能得到足够平滑的表面，但如果在中间夹设锌镀敷覆膜，则可以明显提高三价铬酸盐覆膜的表面平滑度。
本发明的汽车燃料配管零件优选地是供油管，通过如上述那样提高三价铬酸盐覆膜的平滑度，喷油器向油杯中插入时的插入性变好，从而可以防止损伤O形环。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的多层镀敷汽车配管零件的一实施方式的供油管的侧视图。
图2是图1的供油管的横剖视图。
图3是表示基材表面的多层镀敷层的示意图。
图4是表示基材表面的多层镀敷层的其他例子的示意图。
图5是本发明的实施例的三价铬酸盐覆膜的表面的显微镜照片。
图6是形成于Zn-Ni合金镀敷覆膜上的三价铬酸盐覆膜的表面的显微镜照片(比较例1)。
图7是形成于Zn-Ni合金镀敷覆膜上的六价铬酸盐覆膜的表面的显微镜照片(比较例2)。
图8是形成于锌镀敷覆膜上的六价铬酸盐覆膜的表面的显微镜照片(比较例3)。
具体实施方式
下面，参照附图对本发明的一实施方式进行说明。
图1表示作为应用本发明实施多层镀敷处理的对象的供油管，图2是横剖视图。
该供油管的主体部10由通过对钢板进行压力加工而分别成形的上部壳体10a和下部壳体10b这两个壳体构成，将上部壳体10a组合到下部壳体10b上之后，通过对重叠部分实施钎焊，而将两者接合为一体。用于安装喷油器11的油杯12安装在下部壳体10b的下表面上。14是固定用的托架。
供油管的表面由3层镀敷层包覆，所述3层镀敷层包括：包覆表面的最下层的Zn-Ni合金镀敷覆膜16、其上层的Zn覆膜18、最上层的三价铬酸盐覆膜20。对于该供油管，构成本体部的上部壳体10a和下部壳体10b的外侧表面由上述3层覆膜包覆起来。对于油杯12，外侧表面和内侧表面都由3层覆膜包覆。
接着，对Zn-Ni合金镀敷覆膜16、Zn镀敷覆膜18、三价铬酸盐覆膜20进行详细的说明。
Zn-Ni合金镀敷覆膜
Zn-Ni合金镀敷覆膜16是将安装有油杯12的供油管10浸渍在碱性无氰电镀液中而利用电解镀敷法形成的。膜厚为5～10μm左右。Zn-Ni合金镀敷覆膜16中的Ni含量为5～10(重量％)，优选地为6～10(重量％)。
Zn镀敷覆膜
Zn镀敷覆膜18是将由Zn-Ni合金镀敷覆膜16包覆的供油管10浸渍在锌电镀液中而利用电解镀敷法形成的。膜厚为5～10μm左右。
三价铬酸盐覆膜
在形成了Zn-Ni合金镀敷覆膜16、Zn镀敷覆膜18的供油管10的表面上涂敷铬酸盐处理液、干燥，来将三价铬酸盐覆膜20重叠形成于Zn镀敷覆膜上。所使用的铬酸盐处理液是调整为三价铬酸盐处理用的处理液。三价铬酸盐覆膜20的处理量为0.4～0.8mg/dm2。膜厚为0.1～1.0μm。
在如以上那样包覆了Zn-Ni合金镀敷覆膜16、Zn镀敷覆膜18、三价铬酸盐覆膜20这3层的供油管10的油杯12中，如图2所示那样压入喷油器14，所述喷油器14在插入侧的端部上安装了O形环15，可以判明，对于同样尺寸的供油管，与以往用六价铬酸盐覆膜包覆最外层的情况相比，插入阻力变小，可以顺滑地进行压入。
接着，对产生可顺滑地压入的效果的理由进行说明。
这里，图5是作为实施例而包覆于锌镀敷覆膜之上的三价铬酸盐覆膜的表面的显微镜照片(倍率3000)。
图6举出作为比较例1而在Zn-Ni合金镀敷覆膜上形成有三价铬酸盐覆膜时的显微镜照片，图7是作为比较例2而包覆于Zn-Ni合金镀敷覆膜之上的六价铬酸盐覆膜的表面的显微镜照片，倍率都是3000倍。
将比较例1和2进行比较即可发现，形成于Zn-Ni合金镀敷覆膜之上的三价铬酸盐覆膜自身的表面的凹凸比六价铬酸盐覆膜致密。
如果如图5的实施例那样将下层替换成锌镀敷覆膜，则尽管同样是三价铬酸盐覆膜，但如果下层是锌镀敷覆膜，就可以得到非常平滑的表面。
进而，与图8的比较例3、即下层与实施例同样是Zn-Ni合金镀敷覆膜的六价铬酸盐覆膜的表面相比，可发现，三价铬酸盐覆膜和六价铬酸盐覆膜的表面平滑度有很大的不同，三价铬酸盐覆膜的表面要平滑的多。
从以上比较可知，如果不是在Zn-Ni合金镀敷覆膜上形成三价铬酸盐覆膜，而是设置锌镀敷覆膜作为中间层并在其上形成三价铬酸盐覆膜，则与锌镀敷层的粘附性提高，表面显著平滑化。
在本发明的实施方式中，之所以能够将喷油器11平滑地压入油杯12中，是因为三价铬酸盐覆膜的表面显著地变平滑了。
另外，从防腐蚀性的观点出发，覆盖基材的钢铁表面的是耐腐蚀性比锌镀敷覆膜高的Zn-Ni合金镀敷覆膜，中间层的锌镀敷覆膜通过三价铬酸盐覆膜而与空气隔绝，所以不会产生白绣，并且通过使之重合在Zn-Ni合金镀敷覆膜上，耐腐蚀性也得到了提高。
下面，图4表示用镍镀敷覆膜22包覆基材的表面、并在其上依次形成有Zn-Ni合金镀敷覆膜16、锌镀敷覆膜18、三价铬酸盐覆膜20的实施方式。
镍镀敷覆膜22优选地是将供油管10浸渍在镍电镀液中而利用非电解镀敷法来使膜厚形成为3μm以上。
通过将该镍镀敷覆膜22作为最下层，与没有该镍镀敷覆膜22的情况相比具有耐腐蚀性提高的优点。
以上，对于本发明，举出并说明了应用于作为汽车燃料配管零件的供油管的表面处理的实施方式，但本发明除供油管之外，还可以应用于例如具有通过压入而连接的末端的管材的镀敷处理。
从以上说明可以明确，根据本发明，由代替六价铬酸盐的三价铬酸盐形成的表面保护覆膜与镀敷层的粘附性提高了，从而可以提高表面的平滑度。
另外，通过用本发明的多层镀敷层来包覆供油管等零件，可以不损伤O形环等密封件地良好地进行喷油器等零件的压入作业。

Claims (3)

1.一种多层镀敷汽车燃料配管零件，所述汽车燃料配管零件由钢材制成，共表面由以铬酸盐覆膜为最上层的多层镀敷膜包覆起来，其特征在于，前述多层镀敷层从下层开始依次包括：Zn-Ni合金镀敷覆膜、中间层的锌镀敷覆膜、最上层的三价铬酸盐覆膜，前述Zn-Ni合金镀敷覆膜的膜厚为5～10μm，前述锌镀敷覆膜的膜厚为5～10μm，前述三价铬酸盐覆膜的膜厚为0.1～1.0μm。
2.如权利要求1所述的多层镀敷汽车燃料配管零件，其特征在于，在前述Zn-Ni合金镀敷覆膜的下层形成有镍镀敷覆膜。
3.如权利要求1所述的多层镀敷汽车燃料配管零件，其特征在于，前述汽车燃料配管零件是具有将喷油器压入其中的油杯的供油管。
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