CN1318433C - 作为二齿配体的双膦 - Google Patents
作为二齿配体的双膦 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1318433C CN1318433C CNB038075555A CN03807555A CN1318433C CN 1318433 C CN1318433 C CN 1318433C CN B038075555 A CNB038075555 A CN B038075555A CN 03807555 A CN03807555 A CN 03807555A CN 1318433 C CN1318433 C CN 1318433C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- group
- cycloalkyl
- aryl
- hydrogenation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- -1 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000004209 (C1-C8) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000006552 (C3-C8) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006459 hydrosilylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009901 transfer hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009876 asymmetric hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007037 hydroformylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CO1 IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005575 aldol reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007871 hydride transfer reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006197 hydroboration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005669 hydrocyanation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- QNLQKURWPIJSJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylsilylphosphane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)P QNLQKURWPIJSJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 34
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Substances C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 9
- WGLLSSPDPJPLOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbut-2-ene Chemical group CC(C)=C(C)C WGLLSSPDPJPLOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- RRKODOZNUZCUBN-CCAGOZQPSA-N (1z,3z)-cycloocta-1,3-diene Chemical compound C1CC\C=C/C=C\C1 RRKODOZNUZCUBN-CCAGOZQPSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004679 31P NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- SMOJNZMNQIIIPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N silylphosphane Chemical compound P[SiH3] SMOJNZMNQIIIPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910015892 BF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 4
- IHLVCKWPAMTVTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;carbanide Chemical compound [Li+].[CH3-] IHLVCKWPAMTVTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 241000349731 Afzelia bipindensis Species 0.000 description 3
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- RAEUBAJUTXKCLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetonitrile cycloocta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC#N.C1CCC=CC=CC1 RAEUBAJUTXKCLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001576 beta-amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium butane Chemical compound [Li+].CCC[CH2-] DLEDOFVPSDKWEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PRBHEGAFLDMLAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-Hexadiene Natural products CC=CCC=C PRBHEGAFLDMLAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AGULWIQIYWWFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dichlorofuran-2,5-dione Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(=O)OC1=O AGULWIQIYWWFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241000819038 Chichester Species 0.000 description 2
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluoroform Chemical compound FC(F)F XPDWGBQVDMORPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGVOWOYASHMOCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Pt].C1CCC=CC=CC1 Chemical compound [Pt].C1CCC=CC=CC1 RGVOWOYASHMOCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QODJQAPYENPFSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Rh+].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound [Rh+].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 QODJQAPYENPFSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LHVYUZOINAZCIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Rh+].C1CCC=CC=CC1 Chemical compound [Rh+].C1CCC=CC=CC1 LHVYUZOINAZCIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-WFGJKAKNSA-N acetone d6 Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])C(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] CSCPPACGZOOCGX-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Cl IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cumene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002390 heteroarenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PYGSKMBEVAICCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-1,5-diene Chemical compound C=CCCC=C PYGSKMBEVAICCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical class O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 2
- SJYNFBVQFBRSIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N norbornadiene Chemical compound C1=CC2C=CC1C2 SJYNFBVQFBRSIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- RPGWZZNNEUHDAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylphosphine Chemical compound PC1=CC=CC=C1 RPGWZZNNEUHDAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- NQBWNECTZUOWID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-cinnamyl (E)-cinnamate Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC(=O)OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 NQBWNECTZUOWID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003088 (fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WEERVPDNCOGWJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(ethenyl)benzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 WEERVPDNCOGWJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001140 1,4-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:2])=C([H])C([H])=C1[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDPCIGYZTBTTEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylidenebutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)(C)C(=C)C(O)=O GDPCIGYZTBTTEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWRZIZXBOLBCON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethenamine Chemical class NC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 UWRZIZXBOLBCON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003682 3-furyl group Chemical group O1C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001541 3-thienyl group Chemical group S1C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000339 4-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([H])C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium acetate Chemical compound N.CC(O)=O USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005695 Ammonium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVHOZBXMZPSNKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1=C(C(=C(C=C1)[As](O)(O)=O)O)NC(C)=O Chemical compound CC1=C(C(=C(C=C1)[As](O)(O)=O)O)NC(C)=O JVHOZBXMZPSNKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OXBGQRQKZYNADV-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cl(=O)(=O)(=O)[O-].[Rh+].C1=CC=CCCCC1 Chemical compound Cl(=O)(=O)(=O)[O-].[Rh+].C1=CC=CCCCC1 OXBGQRQKZYNADV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VURFVHCLMJOLKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diphosphine Natural products PP VURFVHCLMJOLKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007341 Heck reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021605 Palladium(II) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910018286 SbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVTULHHPHHXWKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ir+].C1CCC=CC=CC1 Chemical compound [Ir+].C1CCC=CC=CC1 WVTULHHPHHXWKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FNOLLIPINDCSLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ir+].C1CCCC=CCC1 Chemical compound [Ir+].C1CCCC=CCC1 FNOLLIPINDCSLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGZDRKMHQSPGHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni].C1CCC=CC=CC1 Chemical compound [Ni].C1CCC=CC=CC1 NGZDRKMHQSPGHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNQGDIMEVDNPLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Pt].C=CCCC=C Chemical compound [Pt].C=CCCC=C QNQGDIMEVDNPLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULSURLQZNYAAOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Rh+3].CC1C(=C(C(=C1C)C)C)C Chemical compound [Rh+3].CC1C(=C(C(=C1C)C)C)C ULSURLQZNYAAOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBSWQQQEZQOFMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Rh+].C=CCCC=C Chemical compound [Rh+].C=CCCC=C RBSWQQQEZQOFMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIVGXUNKSAJJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[P] Chemical compound [Si].[P] HIVGXUNKSAJJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010933 acylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000102 alkali metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008046 alkali metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019257 ammonium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940043376 ammonium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000005428 anthryl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C3C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C3=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011914 asymmetric synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003328 benzoyl peroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OUDKSEAFKCMIGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene nickel Chemical compound C12C=CC(CC1)C2.[Ni] OUDKSEAFKCMIGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000006315 carbonylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005810 carbonylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000021523 carboxylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006473 carboxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NQBWNECTZUOWID-QSYVVUFSSA-N cinnamyl cinnamate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C/C(=O)OC\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 NQBWNECTZUOWID-QSYVVUFSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YRNNKGFMTBWUGL-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) perchlorate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O YRNNKGFMTBWUGL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- JIDMEYQIXXJQCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F JIDMEYQIXXJQCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZPRHQLWNFPSPKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;fluoroform Chemical compound [Cu].FC(F)F ZPRHQLWNFPSPKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- METYLPUXUDQTDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclododeca-1,3,5-triene nickel Chemical compound [Ni].C1CCCC=CC=CC=CCC1 METYLPUXUDQTDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- FJYRJVKGCCGLPC-UHFFFAOYSA-L cycloocta-1,3-diene diiodoplatinum Chemical compound I[Pt]I.C1CCC=CC=CC1 FJYRJVKGCCGLPC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ACPUUZKYCXFXGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N cycloocta-1,3-diene;ruthenium(2+) Chemical compound [Ru+2].C1CCC=CC=CC1 ACPUUZKYCXFXGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004913 cyclooctene Substances 0.000 description 1
- URYYVOIYTNXXBN-UPHRSURJSA-N cyclooctene Chemical compound C1CCC\C=C/CC1 URYYVOIYTNXXBN-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNVOQLWKQOWUFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopenta-1,3-diene rhodium(3+) Chemical compound [Rh+3].C1=CC=CC1 SNVOQLWKQOWUFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006392 deoxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WMKGGPCROCCUDY-PHEQNACWSA-N dibenzylideneacetone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1\C=C\C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WMKGGPCROCCUDY-PHEQNACWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XUPDRHOQDGXFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-L diiodoplatinum;hexa-1,5-diene Chemical compound I[Pt]I.C=CCCC=C XUPDRHOQDGXFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UBHZUDXTHNMNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylsilane Chemical group C[SiH2]C UBHZUDXTHNMNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005610 enamide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229920001002 functional polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007172 homogeneous catalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003454 indenyl group Chemical group C1(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006140 methanolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001434 methanylylidene group Chemical group [H]C#[*] 0.000 description 1
- UIUXUFNYAYAMOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylsilane Chemical group [SiH3]C UIUXUFNYAYAMOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004170 methylsulfonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000004573 morpholin-4-yl group Chemical group N1(CCOCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[4-(1,3-benzoxazol-2-yl)phenyl]-4-nitrobenzenesulfonamide Chemical class C1=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=C(C=2OC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)C=C1 SYSQUGFVNFXIIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- BMGNSKKZFQMGDH-FDGPNNRMSA-L nickel(2+);(z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound [Ni+2].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O BMGNSKKZFQMGDH-FDGPNNRMSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007344 nucleophilic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium(2+) Chemical compound [Pd+2] MUJIDPITZJWBSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- INIOZDBICVTGEO-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(ii) bromide Chemical compound Br[Pd]Br INIOZDBICVTGEO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004934 phenanthridinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=NC=C3C=CC=CC3=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000005561 phenanthryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GWLJTAJEHRYMCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N phospholane Chemical compound C1CCPC1 GWLJTAJEHRYMCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001394 phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001557 phthalyl group Chemical group C(=O)(O)C1=C(C(=O)*)C=CC=C1 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012041 precatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005493 quinolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000006340 racemization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012465 retentate Substances 0.000 description 1
- GSNYHCYKJZVAMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(2+);triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Ru+2].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 GSNYHCYKJZVAMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002444 silanisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000003459 sulfonic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008648 triflates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/165—Polymer immobilised coordination complexes, e.g. organometallic complexes
- B01J31/1658—Polymer immobilised coordination complexes, e.g. organometallic complexes immobilised by covalent linkages, i.e. pendant complexes with optional linking groups, e.g. on Wang or Merrifield resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
- C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
- C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
- C07F9/50—Organo-phosphines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/24—Phosphines, i.e. phosphorus bonded to only carbon atoms, or to both carbon and hydrogen atoms, including e.g. sp2-hybridised phosphorus compounds such as phosphabenzene, phosphole or anionic phospholide ligands
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/24—Phosphines, i.e. phosphorus bonded to only carbon atoms, or to both carbon and hydrogen atoms, including e.g. sp2-hybridised phosphorus compounds such as phosphabenzene, phosphole or anionic phospholide ligands
- B01J31/2404—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring
- B01J31/2419—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring comprising P as ring member
- B01J31/2428—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring comprising P as ring member with more than one complexing phosphine-P atom
- B01J31/2433—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring comprising P as ring member with more than one complexing phosphine-P atom comprising aliphatic or saturated rings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/24—Phosphines, i.e. phosphorus bonded to only carbon atoms, or to both carbon and hydrogen atoms, including e.g. sp2-hybridised phosphorus compounds such as phosphabenzene, phosphole or anionic phospholide ligands
- B01J31/2404—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring
- B01J31/2442—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring comprising condensed ring systems
- B01J31/2461—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring comprising condensed ring systems and phosphine-P atoms as ring members in the condensed ring system or in a further ring
- B01J31/2471—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring comprising condensed ring systems and phosphine-P atoms as ring members in the condensed ring system or in a further ring with more than one complexing phosphine-P atom
- B01J31/2476—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, the phosphine-P atom being a ring member or a substituent on the ring comprising condensed ring systems and phosphine-P atoms as ring members in the condensed ring system or in a further ring with more than one complexing phosphine-P atom comprising aliphatic or saturated rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B53/00—Asymmetric syntheses
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C231/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
- C07C231/16—Preparation of optical isomers
- C07C231/18—Preparation of optical isomers by stereospecific synthesis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/49—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide
- C07C45/50—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide by oxo-reactions
- C07C45/505—Asymmetric hydroformylation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/61—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
- C07C45/67—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
- C07C45/68—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms
- C07C45/72—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms by reaction of compounds containing >C = O groups with the same or other compounds containing >C = O groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
- C07C67/303—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by hydrogenation of unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
-
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Abstract
本发明涉及具有通式(I)结构的配体。此外,也说明了其制备方法及其用途。
Description
背景技术
本发明涉及作为二齿配体的双膦、其制备方法以及其用途。特别地,发明涉及具有一般结构(I)的双膦。
背景技术
对映体富集的手性配体常用于不对称合成和不对称催化中。这里配体的电子和立体化学特性能够最佳地适合特殊的催化问题是必须的。这些同族化合物的成效的一个重要方面归因于通过这些配体体系金属中心独特的不对称环境的产生。为了利用这种环境进行手性的有效传递,控制配体体系的挠性作为对不对称诱导的固有限制是有利的。
在含磷配体的族中,环状膦,特别是环膦(phospholane),已经达到特殊的重要性。例如,二齿的手性膦就是在不对称催化中使用的DuPhos和BPE配体。因此,从理想上来说,可得到能够进行多方面改性的手性配体基本骨架,其可以在关于它的空间排列和电子特性的宽广限定内改变。
发明内容
本发明的目的是因此提供一种与现有的膦配体相似的配体骨架,但是其又能够变化并且在宽广的限定内使用,同时拥有同等优良的催化特性。特别地,本发明是基于以下目的:提供用于催化用途的新颖的、不对称的、二齿的手性膦配体体系,其可简单地制备并且具有高的对映体纯度。
不是另外提出、而是起因于现有技术的这些和其他问题通过具有通式(I)结构的手性二齿双膦化合物族给以解决,依照发明的化合物具有两个通过不饱和的桥结合在一起的手性膦基。
通过制备对映体富集的通式(I)的二齿有机磷配体,可以得到先前未知的化合物,其可以成功地用于有机化合物制备的不对称催化中,
其中R1、R2、R3、R4,彼此是相互独立地表示(C1-C8)-烷基,(C2-C8)-烷氧基烷基,(C6-C18)-芳基,(C7-C19)-芳烷基,(C3-C18)-杂芳基,(C4-C19)-杂芳烷基,(C1-C8)-烷基-(C6-C18)-芳基,(C1-C8)-烷基-(C3-C18)-杂芳基,(C3-C8)-环烷基,(C1-C8)-烷基-(C3-C8)-环烷基,(C3-C8)-环烷基-(C1-C8)-烷基,或者R1和R2和/或R3和R4代表用(C1-C8)-烷基、HO-(C1-C8)-烷基、(C1-C8)-烷氧基、(C2-C8)-烷氧基烷基、(C6-C18)-芳基、(C7-C19)-芳烷基、(C1-C8)-烷基-(C6-C18)-芳基、(C3-C8)-环烷基、(C1-C8)-烷基-(C3-C8)-环烷基、(C3-C8)-环烷基-(C1-C8)-烷基单或多取代的(C3-C5)-亚烷基桥,这可以任选连接到聚合物扩大体(polymerenlargement)上;
A表示下列结构中的一种,
其中R表示H,(C1-C8)-烷基,(C6-C18)-芳基,(C7-C19)-芳烷基,(C1-C8)-烷基-(C6-C18)-芳基,(C3-C8)-环烷基,(C1-C8)-烷基-(C3-C8)-环烷基,(C3-C8)-环烷基-(C1-C8)-烷基,或与聚合物扩大体的连接物(linker);Q=O、NH、NR。这样,利用本发明提供的配体,可以制备除其他以外成功地用于的酰化的E-和Z-β-氨基丙烯酸或其衍生物的混合物的氢化的络合物或催化剂。到目前为止,只有少数络合物成功地试验可用于这族化合物的混合物,因此到目前为止在氢化前对E/Z混合物进行通常复杂的净化是必要的,以便能够使仅可用高对映体余物进行氢化的酰化E-β-氨基丙烯酸及其衍生物与Z组分分离。
依照本发明的配体优选符合通式(II)的结构,
其中A具有上面给出的含义,R5~R12,彼此相互独立地表示(C1-C8)-烷基,HO-(C1-C8)-烷基,(C1-C8)-烷氧基,(C2-C8)-烷氧基烷基,(C6-C18)-芳基,(C7-C19)-芳烷基,(C1-C8)-烷基-(C6-C18)-芳基,(C3-C8)-环烷基,(C1-C8)-烷基-(C3-C8)-环烷基,(C3-C8)-环烷基-(C1-C8)-烷基,或与聚合物扩大体的连接物。
依照本发明的配体体系能够因此附在聚合物扩大体上。配体或由它们制备的络合物/催化剂由于与聚合物扩大体的连接,因此能够非常容易地与低分子量的化合物分离,例如通过过滤,并且这样能够达到发明所期望的重复利用,极其简单但是不过是有利的。配体/络合物通过连接聚合物扩大体可以使分子量扩大,并且可以以这种方法任选地多相化。因此利用如此扩大了分子量的络合物或者催化剂进行的对映选择氢化就既能在均相又能在多相中进行。
聚合物扩大体:
在本发明的范围内可以自由地选择聚合物扩大体。它一方面受限于可行性和成本的考虑,另一方面受限于主要的技术条件(保留能力,溶解度等等)。一些用于催化剂的聚合物扩大体可以从现有技术中获知(Reetz等,Angew.Chem.1997,109,1559f;Seebach等,Helv.ChimActa 1996,79,1710f;Kragl等,Angew.Chem.1996,108,684f;Schurig等,Chem.Ber./Recueil 1997,130,879f;Bolm等,Angew.Chem.1997,109,773f;Bolm等,Eur.J.Org.Chem.1998,21f;Baystone等,SpecialityChemicals 224f; Salvadori等,Tetrahedron:Asymmetry 1998,9,1479;Wandrey等,Tetrahedron:Asymmetry 1997,8,1529f;同上,1997,8,1975f; Togni等,J.Am.Chem.Soc.1998,120,10274f; Salvadori等,Tetrahedron Lett.1996,37,3375f;WO 98/22415;特别是DE19910691.6;Janda等,J.Am.Chem.Soc.1998,120,9481f;Andersson等,Chem.Commun.1996,1135f;Janda等,Soluble Polymers 1999,1,1;Janda等,Chem.Rev.1997,97,489;Geckler等,Adv.Polym.Sci.1995,121,31;White等,“The Chemistry of Organic SiliconCompounds”Wiley,Chichester,1989,1289;Schuberth等,Macromol.Rapid Commun.1998,19,309;Sharma等,Synthesis 1997,1217;“Functional Polymers”Ed.:R.Arshady,ASC,Washington,1996;“Praktikum der Makromolekularen Stoffe”,D.Braun等,VCH-Wiley,Weinheim 1999)。
对于聚合物扩大体来说,也可以优选由聚丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酰胺、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚硅氧烷、聚丁二烯、聚异戊二烯、聚链烷、聚苯乙烯、聚噁唑啉或聚醚或其混合物制成。在一个特别优选的实施方案中,使用聚苯乙烯来构造聚合物扩大体。
连接物:
在实际的配体和聚合物扩大体之间,连接物能够将其合并为一体。连接物能在配体和聚合物之间造成一段距离以减少或消除对反应不利的相互交互作用。原则上,本领域的技术人员可以自由地选择连接物。他们应该按照一方面连接物对聚合物/单体的连接有多好,另一方面对配体的连接有多好来选择。合适的连接物可以在如上述的标题“聚合物扩大体”下面的参考文献中找到。在本发明的范围内,式(I)~(IV)的这些活性单元可以因此直接方便地连接在聚合物扩大体上,或者优选通过选自组中的连接物连接。
a) -Si(R2)-
b) -(SiR2-O)n- n=1-10000
c) -(CHR-CHR-O)n- n=1-10000
d) -(X)n- n=1-20
e) Z-(X)n- n=0-20
f) -(X)n-W n=0-20
g) Z-(X)n-W n=0-20
其中R表示H、(C1-C8)-烷基、(C6-C18)-芳基、(C7-C19)-芳烷基、((C1-C8)-烷基)1-3-(C6-C18)-芳基,X表示(C6-C18)-亚芳基、(C1-C8)-亚烃基、(C1-C8)-链烯、((C1-C8)-烷基)1-3-(C6-C18)-亚芳基、(C7-C19)-芳烷烯,Z,W是彼此独立的,表示-C(=O)O-、-C(=O)NH-、-C(=O)-、NR、O、CHR、CH2、C=S、S、PR。其他优选的能够用作连接物的化合物列于下图:
然而,连接物例如1,4’-联苯基、1,2-亚乙基、1,3-亚丙基、PEG-(2-10)、α,ω-亚硅氧烷基或者1,4-亚苯基以及α,ω-1,4-二乙烯基苯或由通式IV结构的硅氧烷得到的连接物是特别优选的。
这些连接物能够在氢化硅烷化的条件下,很容易地与存在于聚合物中的任何双键以及适当的活性中心的官能团结合(Ojima在有机硅化合物化学中关于氢化硅烷化反应的概述,1989,John Wiley & SonsLtd.,1480-1526)。
聚合物扩大体的大小应该优选进行计算以使实际的催化剂(随意由聚合物扩大了的配体和过渡金属制成)溶解在所使用的溶剂中,这样操作可以在均相中进行。因此,所使用的聚合物扩大了的络合物/催化剂优选为均匀可溶的。结果,可以避免由于其他方面必要的多相催化剂的使用,使得底物和产物的相改变而发生的负效应。聚合物扩大了的配体平均分子量在1,000-1,000,000克/摩尔范围内,优选为5,000-500,000,特别优选为5,000-300,000。
在本发明的范围内,上述的聚合物扩大了的催化剂(I)~(IV)(聚合物,连接物,配体)的组分可以按意愿并与该领域的技术人员的认识相一致而结合以达到最佳的反应。
聚合物扩大体与连接物/配体的结合:
原则上有两种方法可以使连接物/配体附在聚合物扩大体上:
a)引起手性诱导(配体)的活性单元用附着的连接物或直接连在单体上,然后与其他未改性的单体共聚,或者
b)引起手性诱导(配体)的活性单元用连接物或直接与完成的聚合物连在一起。
依照a)或b)的聚合物可以随意制备,并且可以与其他也显示引起手性诱导(配体)的活性单元或者不显示它们的聚合物嵌段共聚。
原则上,在聚合物中每份单体对应的连接物/配体的数量尽可能与这些在聚合物中应该供给的催化的活性单元(配体)一样多同样是正确的,以便每份聚合物扩大体的转化因此而增加。然而,另一方面,配体应该充分地间隔开,以便对反应相应的负效应(TOF,选择性)被减到最小或者完全消除。因此,聚合物中连接物/配体之间的距离优选应在1-200个单体单元范围内,更优选为5-25个单体单元。
在一个有利的实施方案中,聚合物或要聚合的单体中的那些能够容易官能化或允许现有的官能团用作连接的位置,可用于连接连接物/配体。因此,杂原子或不饱和的碳原子优选适合构造这种连接。
例如,在苯乙烯/聚苯乙烯作为聚合物扩大体的情况下,现有的芳族化合物可以作为连结点用于连接连接物/配体。依靠标准的芳香族化学,官能团可以很容易地附在这些芳族化合物上,优选在3-、4-或5-位置,特别优选在4-位置。然而,例如将已经官能化的单体混入要聚合的混合物中,然后将连接物/配体连在聚合后的存在于聚苯乙烯中的官能团也是有利的。方便适合用于这种目的的例如对羟基-、对氯甲基-、或对氨基-苯乙烯衍生物。
对于聚合前后优选通过酯或酰胺键将连接物或活性单元连在一起的聚丙烯酸酯,其每种情况下单体组分中都存在酸基团或者酯基团。
聚硅氧烷作为聚合物扩大体优选以这种方法构成,除二甲基硅烷单元外,氢化的甲基硅烷单元也存在。连接物/配体因而也可以通过氢化硅烷化附在这些位置上。在氢化硅烷化条件下它们可以优选连在聚合物中所考虑的官能团上(Ojima在有机硅化合物化学中关于氢化硅烷化反应的概述,1989,John Wiley & Sons Ltd.,1480-1526)。用这种方法改性的适宜的聚硅氧烷可从文献获知(“Siloxane polymersand copolymers”White等,编辑中;S.Patai“The Chemistry of OrganicSilicon Compounds”;Wiley,Chichester,1989,46,2954;C.Wandrey等,TH:Asymmetry 1997,8,1975)。
连接物与活性单元的结合:
那些应用于聚合物和连接物/配体的连接,同样可用于配体(活性单元)与连接物的连接。
因此,连接物在活性单元上的附着可以优选通过杂原子或者如C=O、CH2、O、N、S、P、Si或B的某些官能团进行,醚键/硫醚键、胺键或酰胺键是优选连接的,或进行酯化、烷化、硅烷化以及双键的加成。
已经在现有技术中描述的那些连接方法对于单体活性单元的聚合物扩大体来说是特别优选的(WO98/35927;Chem.Commun.1999,1917;Angew.Chem.1997,16,1835;J.Am.Chem.Soc.1996,118,7632;Tetrahedron Lett.1997,38,1527;Eur.J.Org.Chem.1998,21;Angew.Chem.1997,109,773;Chem.Commun.1997,2353;Tetrahedron:Asymmetry 1995,6,2687;同上,1993,4,2351;Tetrahedron Lett.1995,36,1549;Synlett 1999,8,1181;Tetrahedron:Asymmetry 1996,7,645;Tetrahedron Lett.1992,33,5453;同上,1994,35,6559;Tetrahedron1994,50,11321;Chirality 1999,11,745;Tetrahedron Lett.1991,32,5175;Tetrahedron Lett.1990,31,3003;Chem.Commun.1998,2435;Tetrahedron Lett.1997,38,2577)。
为了发明,也制备了聚合物扩大了的配体体系或催化剂,原则上,依照DE10029600的说明进行。
通式(III)或(IV)的配体
其中A和Q的含义同权利要求1,R′=H或R,R在每种情况下都是相互独立的,其表示(C1-C8)-烷基、HO-(C1-C8)-烷基、(C2-C8)-烷氧基烷基、(C6-C18)-芳基、(C7-C19)-芳烷基、(C1-C8)-烷基-(C6-C18)-芳基、(C3-C8)-环烷基、(C1-C8)-烷基-(C3-C8)-环烷基或(C3-C8)-环烷基-(C1-C8)-烷基,这也是优选的。上面所示的结构(III)和(IV)的配体,其中R为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、叔丁基或苯基,这是尤其优选的。Q的结构为O或NR′,其中R′为(C1-C8)-烷基、(C6-C18)-芳基或苯基,并且Q的结构为O或NR′,其中R′为甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、叔丁基、苯基、萘基、芴基或苄基,这些也是尤其优选的。
所展示的依照发明的配体,如果可能的话,应该拥有高的对映体纯度。式(I)~(IV)的化合物应优选拥有富集对映体>90%,更优选>98%。
所提供发明的另一方面涉及包含依照发明的配体和至少一种过渡金属的络合物。处于任何催化相应的氧化态的钯、铂、铑、钌、锇、铱、钴、镍或者铜,都可用作过渡金属。这些络合的化合物可以依照本发明在溶液中通过简单地将配体加入到金属络合物的母体中获得,本领域的技术人员对此是熟悉的。
以另一种形式,发明也涉及依照本发明的配体的制备方法,其中相应的膦可以通过LiP(SiMe3)2与由有机金属碱存在下脱去基团的离核试剂提供的相应的共反应物反应得到。烷基金属,例如正-、仲-、叔-BuLi、MeLi等,都可以用作有机金属碱。
这样得到的三甲基甲硅烷基膦优选与相应的上述基团A结构的二卤代衍生物反应,每个卤原子定位在所示结构的自由价上。
一种制备一组依照发明的配体的方法将在下面作为一个实施例描述。为了清楚的缘故,中选择马来酐衍生物来说明,这并不意味着对A有任何约束或限制。
通常,该过程是将富集对映体的硫酸酯与膦在强碱存在下反应形成mono膦。在另一个反应步骤中,磷-碳键在碱金属的帮助下断裂并且通过加入卤代甲硅烷基化合物转变成甲硅烷基膦。在接下来的步骤中,甲硅烷基膦与2,3-二氯马来酐或2,3-二氯马来酰胺衍生物反应形成bis膦。
二醇在含氮的氮碱存在下变为二甲磺酰,然后在Li2PPh2-THF存在下转变为膦(Tetrahedron Asymmetry 1991,2,569-592)。
膦也可以通过将环硫酸酯与H2PPh在碱金属氢化物存在下反应制得(J.Am.Chem.Soc.1999,121,9899-9900)。
另一种可选的膦的制备方法是通过将环硫酸酯与苯基膦在丁基锂存在下反应来完成的。
在用元素锂断裂Ph-P键后,通过加入三甲基甲硅烷基氯化物得到甲硅烷基化的P化合物。
一种可选的合成路线包括用环硫酸酯与锂双(三甲基甲硅烷基)膦的反应(Organometallics,2000,19,250)。已经证实代替Burk等人描述的磷-硅键的甲醇分解作用,有利于在依照发明的配体的合成中通过加入甲基锂完成闭环以形成三甲基甲硅烷基取代的膦。
在两种反应路线中,作为副反应,可以观察到内消旋型三甲基甲硅烷基取代的膦的形成。
在接下来的步骤中,发生甲硅烷基膦与2,3-二氯马来酸衍生物的反应,类似于Fenske等人和Kinting等人描述的的偶联反应(Chem.Ber.1974,107,117;J.Organomet.Chem.1986,302,259)。
配体的纯化通过金属络合物的形成进行。这里令人惊讶的是,已经发现可以从配体-金属化合物的非对映的混合物得到旋光纯形态的络合物。
通式(I)~(IV)的化合物在不对称的金属催化反应中(例如氢化、加氢甲酰化、重排、烯丙基烷基化、环丙烷化、氢化硅烷化、氢负离子转移、硼氢化、氢氰化、氢羧化、醇醛缩合反应或Heck反应)可以作为配体用于络合的化合物。他们尤其适用于不对称反应。
适宜的络合物,特别是通式(V)的络合物,包含依照发明的式(I)~(IV)的配体作为配体,
[MxPyLzSq]Ar (V)
其中在通式(V)中,M表示金属中心,优选为过渡金属中心,L表示相同的或者不同的配位的有机或者无机配体,P表示依照本发明的式(I)~(IV)的二齿有机磷配体,S代表配位的溶剂分子,A代表非配位阴离子的当量,其中x和y是大于或等于1的整数,而z、q和r为大于或等于0的整数。
y+z+q的总数有一个由在金属中心可用的配位中心决定的上限,对于所有的要被占用的配位位置来说,它不是必要的。具有八面体的、假-八面体的、四面体的、假-四面体的或正方平面的配位范围,在每种情况下也可以在过渡金属中心周围发生畸变的络合化合物是优选的。在这些络合的化合物中,y+z+q的总数小于或等于6。
依照本发明的络和化合物包含至少一种金属原子或离子,优选为过渡金属原子或离子,尤其是处于任何催化相应氧化态的钯、铂、铑、钌、锇、铱、钴、镍或铜。
带有少于4个金属中心的络合化合物是优选的,带有一个或两个金属中心的那些络合化合物是尤其优选的。金属中心可以被不同的金属原子和/或离子占用。
优选的这些络合化合物的配体L为卤化物,特别是Cl、Br和I;二烯烃,特别是环辛二烯、降冰片二烯;烯烃,特别是乙烯和环辛烯、乙酸酯、三氟乙酸酯、乙酰丙酮化物、烯丙基、甲代烯丙基;烷基,特别是甲基和乙基;腈,特别是乙腈和苯基氰,以及羰基和氢化物配体。
优选的配位溶剂S为胺,特别是三乙胺;醇,特别是甲醇以及芳香化合物,特别是苯和异丙基苯。
优选的非配位阴离子A为三氟乙酸酯、三氟甲烷磺酸酯、BF4、ClO4、PF6、SbF6和BAr4。
单独组分M、P、L、S和A的不同的分子、原子或离子可以包含在单独的络合化合物中。
在离子构造的络合化合物中,[RhP(二烯)]+A-型的化合物是优选的,其中P代表依照发明的式(I)~(IV)的配体。
这些金属配体络合化合物的制备可以通过金属盐或相应的预络合物与通式(I)~(IV)的配体的反应原位发生。此外,金属配体络合化合物可以通过金属盐或相应的预络合物与通式(I)~(IV)的配体的反应以及随后的分离得到。
金属盐的例子为金属氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、氰化物、硝酸盐、醋酸盐、乙酰丙酮化物、六氟代乙酰丙酮化物、四氟代硼酸盐、全氟代醋酸盐或triflates,特别是钯、铂、铑、钌、锇、铱、钴、镍或铜的金属盐。
预络合物的例子为:
环辛二烯钯氯化物、环辛二烯钯碘化物、1,5-己二烯钯氯化物、1,5-己二烯钯碘化物、双(二亚苄基丙酮)钯、双(乙腈)钯(II)氯化物、双(乙腈)钯(II)溴化物、双(腈苯)钯(II)氯化物、双(腈苯)钯(II)溴化物、双(腈苯)钯(II)碘化物、双(烯丙基)钯、双(甲代烯丙基)钯、烯丙基钯氯化物二聚体、甲代烯丙基钯氯化物二聚体、四甲基乙烯基二胺钯二氯化物、四甲基乙烯基二胺钯二溴化物、四甲基乙烯基二胺钯二碘化物、四甲基乙烯基二胺钯乙烷、环辛二烯铂氯化物、环辛二烯铂碘化物、1,5-己二烯铂氯化物、1,5-己二烯铂碘化物、双(环辛二烯)铂、乙烯基三氯铂酸钾、环辛二烯铑(I)氯化物二聚体、降冰片二烯铑(I)氯化物二聚体、1,5-己二烯铑(I)氯化物二聚体、三(三苯基膦)铑(I)氯化物、氢化羰基三(三苯基膦)铑(I)氯化物、双(环辛二烯)铑(I)高氯酸盐、双(环辛二烯)铑(I)四氟代硼酸盐、双(环辛二烯)铑(I)三氟甲磺酸盐、双(乙腈环辛二烯)铑(I)高氯酸盐、双(乙腈环辛二烯)铑(I)四氟代硼酸盐、双(乙腈环辛二烯)铑(I)三氟甲磺酸盐、环戊二烯铑(III)氯化物二聚体、五甲基环戊二烯铑(III)氯化物二聚体、(环辛二烯)Ru(η3-烯丙基)2、((环辛二烯)Ru2)(醋酸根)4、((环辛二烯)Ru2)(三氟醋酸根)4、RuCl2(芳烃)二聚体、三(三苯基膦)钌(II)氯化物、环辛二烯钌(II)氯化物、OsCl2(芳烃)二聚体、环辛二烯铱(I)氯化物二聚体、双(环辛烯)铱(I)氯化物二聚体、双(环辛二烯)镍、(环十二碳三烯)镍、三(降冰片烯)镍、四羰基化镍、镍(II)乙酰丙酮化物、(芳烃)铜三氟甲磺酸盐、(芳烃)铜高氯酸盐、(芳烃)铜三氟醋酸盐、羰基钴。
基于一种或多种金属性元素的金属的络合化合物,特别是选自Ru、Co、Rh、Ir、Ni、Pd、Pt和Cu组中的金属的,已经可以作为催化剂或者可以用来制备基于一种或多种金属性元素的金属的催化剂,特别是选自Ru、Co、Rh、Ir、Ni、Pd、Pt和Cu的组中的。所有这些络合化合物特别适用于C=C-、C=O-或C=N-键的不对称氢化,其中它们表现出很高的活性和选择性,在不对称加氢醛化反应中也是这样。特别地,这里它证明了将通式(I)~(IV)的配体,利用它们绝对的、广泛的适应性,在空间上和电子方面很好的适合特殊的底物和催化反应是有利的。
相应的催化剂包含至少一种依照本发明的络合化合物。
正如已经说明的,依照本发明的络合物或催化剂的使用尤其适于前手性N-酰化的β-氨基丙烯酸或其衍生物的E/Z混合物的氢化。这里优选使用乙酸基、甲酸基或氨基甲酸乙酯或氨基甲酰保护基团作为酰基基团。
原则上,配体和络合物/催化剂以一种为本领域的技术人员所熟知的方法用于转移加氢的形成(“C=O和C=N键的不对称转移氢化”,M.Wills等,Tetrahedron:Asymmetry 1999,10,2045;“手性钌络合物催化的不对称转移氢化”R.Noyori等,Acc.Chem.Res.1997,30,97;“有机合成中的不对称催化”,R.Noyori,John Wiley & Sons,NewYork,1994,第123页;“用于有机合成的过渡金属”,M.Beller、C.Bolm编,Wiley-VCH,Weinheim,1998,第2卷,第97页;“不对称催化大全”,Jacobsen,E.N.、Pfaltz,A.、Yamamoto,H.编,Springer-Verlag,1999),不过它也可以用元素氢按传统方法进行。过程可以通过用氢气氢化或通过转移氢化来操作。
在对映体选择性氢化中,优选的程序是在溶剂中溶解要被氢化的底物和络合物/催化剂。正如上面说明的,催化剂是在手性配体存在下,优选由预催化剂通过反应或者在底物加入之前通过预氢化形成。然后在0.1~10bar下完成氢化,优选为0.5~5bar。应选择氢化过程的温度,以使得对于想要的对映体余物的反应来说进行的足够快,而对副反应则尽可能避免。在-20℃~100℃的温度下操作是有利的,优选为0℃~50℃。底物和催化剂的比例由经济上的因素决定。在使用尽可能最低的络合物/催化剂浓度下,反应应进行的足够快。然而,在底物/催化剂的比例为10000∶1~10∶1之间操作是更好的,优选为1000∶1~50∶1之间。
在膜反应器中,聚合物扩大了的配体或络合物的使用有利于催化过程的进行。正如想要的,除分批和半连续操作之外,在这个设备中可能进行的连续操作,可以以交叉流动过滤方式(图2)或作为末端封闭过滤(图1)来实施。两种不同方法的原理在现有技术中都有描述(Engineering Processes for Bioseparations,Ed.:L.R.Weatherley,Heinemann,1994,135-165;Wandrey et al.,Tetrahedron Asymmetry1999,10,923-928)。
要想络合物/催化剂看起来适合在膜反应器中使用,必须达到许多不同的标准。例如,一方面,应该保证对于聚合物扩大了的络合物/催化剂,一定要有足够高的保留能力,以便在反应器中要求的期间内有令人满意的活性,而不需要络合物/催化剂的连续加入(从处理经济的观点来看这是不利的)(DE19910691)。另外,所使用的催化剂必须有适当的tof(移交频率),能够在经济的合理的周期内把底物转变成产物。
通常按照文献的说明制备β-氨基酸母体。对于化合物的合成,可以从Zhang等人(G.Zhu,Z.Chen,X.Zhang,J.Org.Chem.1999,64,6907-6910)和Noyori等人(W.D.Lubell,M.Kitamura,R.NoyoriTetrahedron:Asymmetry 1991,2,543-554)以及Melillo等人(D.G.Melillo,R.D.Larsen,D.J.Mathre,W.F.Shukis,A.W. Wood,J.R.Colleluori,J.Org.Chem.1987,52,5143-5150)描述的一般说明中得到指导。从相应的3-酮羧酸酯开始,想要得到的前手性酰胺(enamides)可以通过与醋酸铵的反应以及随后的酰化作用制得。氢化产物可以通过本领域的技术人员所熟知的方法转变为β-氨基酸(类似于α-氨基酸)。
在发明的范围内,聚合物扩大了的聚合物的混合物是指不同来源的单独的聚合物一起聚合成嵌段聚合物。聚合物中单体的随意混合物也是可能的。
发明范围内的聚合物扩大体是指引起手性诱导(配体)的一个或多个活性单元以适当的形式与其他的单体共聚或者这些配体通过本领域的技术人员所熟知的方法附在现有的聚合物上。本领域的技术人员熟知适合单元共聚的形式,并且可以自由地选择。优选方法为所考虑的分子依照共聚的类型应是用能够共聚的基团衍生的,例如在和(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚的情况下,可以通过附着在丙烯酸的分子上。
甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基,正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基、庚基或辛基,以及所有它们的结合异构体可以被看作是(C1-C8)-烷基基团。(C1-C8)-烷氧基基团相当于(C1-C8)-烷基基团通过氧原子连到分子上。作为(C2-C8)-烷氧基烷基,意味着至少被一个氧官能团打断了的烷基链的基团,其中两个氧原子不能彼此连接。碳原子的数目给出了包含在基团中的全部碳原子数。(C3-C5)-亚烃基桥是带有3~5个C原子的碳链,这根链通过两个不同的C原子连接在所考虑的分子上。刚刚描述的基团可以是用卤素和/或包含N、O、P、S或Si原子的基团单或多取代的。这些是上述类型的在链中带有一个或多个杂原子或者通过这些杂原子中的一个连接到分子上的特别的烷基基团。
(C3-C8)-环烷基代表环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基或环庚基基团等等,这些可以被一个或多个卤素和/或包含N、O、P、S或Si原子的基团取代和/或可以在环中带有N、O、P或S原子,例如1-,2-,3-,4-哌啶基,1-,2-,3-吡咯烷基,2-,3-氢糠基,2-,3-,4-吗啉基。
(C3-C8)-环烷基-(C1-C8)-烷基基团是指如上所述的通过如上所述的烷基基团连接在分子上的环烷基基团。
在本发明范围内的(C1-C8)-酰氧基是指如上所述的带有最多8个C原子,通过COO-官能团连接到分子上的烷基基团。
在本发明范围内的(C1-C8)-酰基是指如上所述的带有最多8个C原子,通过CO-官能团连接到分子上的烷基基团。
(C6-C18)-芳基基团被理解为带有6~18个C原子的芳香基团。这些特别包括如苯基、萘基、蒽基、菲基或联苯基团的化合物,或者上述类型的对所考虑的分子进行增环的体系,例如可以随意用(C1-C8)-烷基、(C1-C8)-烷氧基、NR1R2、(C1-C8)-酰基或(C1-C8)-酰氧基取代的茚基体系。
(C7-C19)-芳烷基基团是指通过(C1-C8)-烷基基团连接到分子上的(C6-C18)-芳基基团。
在发明范围内的(C3-C18)杂芳基基团是指3~18个C原子的5-、6-或7-元环的芳香环体系,其在环中包含如氮、氧或硫的杂原子。特别地,基团如1-,2-,3-呋喃基,如1-,2-,3-吡咯基、1-,2-,3-噻吩基、2-,3-,4-吡啶基、2-,3-,4-,5-,6-,7-吲哚基、3-,4-,5-吡唑基、2-,4-,5-咪唑基、吖啶基、喹啉基、菲啶基以及2-,4-,5-,6-嘧啶基被看作是这样的杂芳族化合物。
(C4-C19)-杂芳烷基是指对应(C7-C19)芳烷基基团的杂芳族化合物体系。
氟、氯、溴和碘适合作为卤素(Hal)。
PEG是指聚乙二醇。
本发明范围内的术语对映体-富集的或对映体余物是指混合物中对映体与它的光学对映体的比例在>50%并且<100%的范围内。ee值按下式计算:
([对映体1]-[对映体2])/([对映体1]+[对映体2])=ee
在本发明的范围内,依照本发明的络合物和配体的命名包含所有可能的非对映异构体,任何非对映异构体的两个光学对映体也包括在其中。
这里描述的络合物和催化剂通过它们的结构决定了产物中的光学感应。不用说催化剂,当使用外消旋物时,也会产生外消旋的产物。外消旋物随后的分解又会进一步产生对映体-富集的产物。不过,这些只是本领域技术人员常识中的一部分。
N-酰基基团是指在氨基酸化学中传统用于氮原子保护的保护基团。以下是在这种能力方面尤其提及的:甲酸基、醋酸基、Moc、Eoc、邻苯二酰、Boc、Alloc、Z、Fmoc等等。
这份文件中所引用的参考文献被认为是包含在此公开中。
在本发明的范围内,膜反应器是指任何的反应容器,其中分子量扩大了的催化剂被封装在反应器中,而低分子量的底物被装入反应器或者能够脱离反应器。膜可以直接并入反应室或者可以以一个单独的过滤组件安装在反应室的外面,其中反应溶液连续或间歇地流经过滤组件并且滞留物会被再循环进入反应器。除了其它的以外,适宜的实施方案在专利WO98/22415和Wandrey等,in Jahrbuch 1998,Verfahrenstechnik und Chemieingenieurwesen,VDI,第151页及其后;Wandrey等,Applied Homogeneous Catalysis with OrganometallicCompounds,第2卷,VCH,1996,第832页及其后;Kragl等,Angew.Chem.,1996,6,684页中都有描述。
在本发明的范围内,聚合物扩大了的配体/络合物是指分子量扩大的聚合物共价连接到配体上的配体/络合物。
附图说明
图1所示为带有末端封闭过滤的膜反应器。底物1通过泵2转移进入配有膜5的反应室3。在搅拌器搅拌的反应室中,除溶剂外,还有催化剂4、产物6和未反应的底物1。大部分的低分子量底物6通过膜5过滤除去。
图2所示为带用交叉流动过滤的膜反应器。这里,底物7通过泵8转移进入搅拌的反应室,其中也有溶剂、催化剂9和产物14。依靠泵16使得溶剂流动,通过任选存在的热交换器12流进交叉流动过滤单元15。这里低分子量的产物14依靠膜13分离除去。高分子量催化剂9然后随溶剂的流动任选再次通过热交换器12或通过阀11流回到反应器10。
具体实施方式
实施例:
概要
在充满氩气的手套箱或标准的Schlenk管中进行空气-敏感化合物的反应。将溶剂四氢呋喃(THF)、二乙基醚和二氯甲烷依靠溶剂-烘干设备(Innovative Technologies)通过穿过填满活性氧化铝的柱体进行过滤而除气和纯化;再将甲苯和戊烷通过填满铜催化剂的柱体除氧。
下面的实施例只是用于解释发明。它们不是用来表示在任何方面的限制。
实施例1:(R,R)-2,5-二甲基-1-苯基-膦
将1当量的n-BuLi(8.9ml,1.6M,正己烷溶液)在-78℃下缓慢地加入到1.57克苯基膦(14.3mmol)溶解在100ml四氢呋喃中的溶液中。然后在室温下搅拌超过两小时。再次冷却到-78℃之后,通过套管加入1当量的溶在10ml四氢呋喃中的环硫酸酯1,反应在25℃下搅拌3小时后结束。在通过注射器又加入1.2当量的n-BuLi(9.8ml)之前,将混合物再次冷却,加入n-BuLi后继续搅拌一整夜。对于反应物,在真空下脱除溶剂,将残余物导出,在5ml水中用50ml的亚甲基氯化物进行萃取。在相分离之后去除溶剂,将残余物在真空下蒸馏。可以得到几乎无色的浆液,产率为71%(1.95克)。
Bp0.7=105℃;1H-NMR(CDCl3):7.51-7.45(2H,m,芳烃的H),7.35-7.30(3H,m,芳烃的H),2.70(1H,m,CH-P),2.31(1H,m,Ha-CH2),2.22(1H,m,CH-P),1.97(1H,m,Hb-CH2),1.47(1H,m,Ha-CH2),1.34(1H,m,Hb-CH2),1.33(3H,dd,CH3,3JH,P=19.0Hz,3JH,H=7.1Hz),0.79(3H,dd,CH3,3JH,P=11.5Hz,3JH,H=7.1Hz);13C-NMR(CDCl3):137.7(d,ipso-C,1JC,P=25.7Hz),134.1(d,邻位-C,2JC,P=18.1Hz),128.4(s,对位-C),127.8(d,间位-C,3JC,P=6.6Hz),36.9(d,CH2,2JC,P=3.8Hz),36.8(s,CH2),35.3(d,CH-P,1JC,P=11.4Hz),34.8(d,CH-P,1JC,P=8.6Hz),21.0(d,CH3,2JC,P=33.4Hz),15.1(s,CH3);31P-NMR(CDCl3):10.9;C12H17P(192.237)。
实施例2:(R,R)-2,5-二甲基-1-三甲基硅-膦
依照Burk等人的详述(Tetrahedron:Asymmetry 1991,2,569-592),室温下将3.06克(R,R)-2,5-二甲基-1-苯基-膦(15.9mmol)溶在大约100ml四氢呋喃中,然后加入2.5当量的锂。混合物搅拌一整夜。用套管将得到的深红色悬浮液与锂分离,然后在0℃下使用注射器缓慢地加入2当量的三甲基氯硅烷(3.46克)。接近反应的终点时,反应溶液变为几乎无色。将溶液在真空下浓缩到它体积的60-70%,过滤出沉淀的锂盐。完全蒸发之后,将残余物在减压下蒸馏,可以得到产量为1.43克(48%)作为无色液体化合物的甲硅烷基化合物。31P-NMR光谱揭示了两个比例约为3∶1的物种的存在。通过对NMR信号的鉴定,很显然是想要的手性甲硅烷基膦和相应的内消旋化合物。Burk已经描述了这种类型的异构化反应(Tetrahedron:Asymmetry 1991,2,569-592)。因此,在随后的与二氯马来酸酐的反应中,只有一种非对映异构体结晶出来,这种异构体的混合物可以用于没有预先分离的亲核反应。
Bp15=72-80℃;1H-NMR(CDCl3):2.54-1.20(6H,m,CH-P,CH2),1.25-1.15(6H,m,CH3),0.20(d,Si(CH3)3,3JH.P=4.2Hz),0.15(d,内消旋-Si(CH3)3,3JH,P=4.2Hz);13C-NMR(CDCl3):40.1(d,CH2,2JC,P=4.8Hz),38.9(s,CH2),37.5(s,内消旋-CH2),33.6(d,CH-P,1JC,P=11.4Hz),31.3(d,CH-P,1JC,P=7.6Hz),30.5(d,内消旋-CH-P,1JC,P=7.6Hz),23.4(d,内消旋-CH3,2JC,P=30.5Hz),22.8(d,CH3,2JC,p=30.5Hz),18.0(d,CH3,2JC,P=1.9Hz),-0.2(d,Si(CH3)3,2JC,P=11.4Hz),-1.8(d,内消旋-Si(CH3)3,2JC,P=0.5Hz);31P-NMR(CDCl3):-53.1(内消旋),-54.5;C9H21PSi(188.322)。
实施例3:(R,R)-2,5-二甲基-1-三甲基硅-膦
在室温下,将1.05当量的MeLi(28.4ml,1.4M,醚溶液)缓慢地加入到9.50克三(三甲基硅)膦(37.9mmol)溶在300ml四氢呋喃中的溶液中。然后在室温下连续搅拌一整夜,然后在真空下除去溶剂。残余物用300ml醚导出,然后将1当量的环硫酸酯(6.83克溶于100ml醚中)逐滴加入到锂盐溶液中。3小时后,用注射器将28.4ml的MeLi溶液再次加到反应混合物中。为了反应完全,混合物搅拌一整夜。对于反应物,在真空下除去溶剂并且在真空下小心蒸馏残余物。可以得到产率为70%(5.0克)的无色、可流动的浆液。
Bp20=93℃;1H-NMR(CDCl3):2.54-1.20(6H,m,CH-P,CH2),1.25-1.15(6H,m,CH3),0.20(9H,d,Si(CH3)3,3JH,P=4.2Hz);13C-NMR(CDCl3):40.1(d,CH2,2JC,P=4.8Hz),38.9(s,CH2),33.6(d,CH-P,1JC,P=11.4Hz),31.3(d,CH-P,1JC,P=7.6Hz),22.8(d,CH3,2JC,P=30.5Hz),18.0(d,CH3,2JC,P=1.9 Hz),-0.2(d,Si(CH3)3,2JC,p=11.4Hz);31P-NMR(CDCl3):-54.5;C9H21PSi(188.322)。
实施例4:2,3-双[(R,R)-2,5-二甲基-膦]马来酸酐
按照Fenske等人的详述(Chem.Ber.1974,107,117-122),在0℃下,将450毫克(2.4mmol)甲硅烷基化合物3的非对映混合物在15分钟内使用注射器逐滴加入到200毫克2,3-二氯马来酸酐(0.5当量)溶于5ml二乙基醚中的溶液中。混合物然后保持在-78℃下一整夜。沉淀出的暗的微红褐色的结晶通过袋子过滤与溶剂分离然后干燥。产量为190毫克(49%)。
在分离的化合物的NMR中,只发现一种C2-对称化合物的非对映异构体。这是相应的以不足量加入到反应中的内消旋甲硅烷基膦不是没反应就是相应的非对映的产物没结晶出来的证据。利用这个观察,在(R,R)-2,5-二甲基-1-甲基硅-膦的合成中部分外消旋作用也可以同时被排除。它的使用应该导致膦化作用之后的非对映的双膦,而这些是检测不出来的。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):3.32(2H,m,CH2),2.49-1.25(10H,m,CH-P,CH2),1.22(6H,dd,CH3,3JH,P=20.4Hz,3JH,H=7.3Hz),1.07(6H,dd,CH3,3JH,P=10.5Hz,3JH,H=7.2Hz);13C-NMR(CDCl3):163.7(s,C=O),37.7(s,CH2),36.9(s,CH2),36.6(m,CH-P),31.5(s,CH-P),20.5(m,CH3),16.9(s,CH3);31P-NMR(CDCl3):-2.2;C16H24O3P2(326.307)。
实施例5:通过配体与[Rh(COD)2]BF4的反应制备铑络合物
将190毫克(0.58mmol)的双膦溶解在2ml四氢呋喃中,在大约-20℃下缓慢地加入到一当量[Rh(COD)2]BF4(236毫克)的溶液中。将其加热至室温并搅拌超过90分钟。一种褐色沉淀缓慢地形成,在被滤出之后,用醚洗涤两次。
1H-NMR(丙酮-d6):5.85(2H,s(br),=CH),5.15(2H,s(br),=CH),3.07(2H,m,CH-P),2.67-1.50(18H,m,CH-P,CH2),1.57(6H,dd,CH3,3JH,P=19.5Hz,3JH,H=7.0Hz),1.23(6H,dd,CH3,3JH,P=16.0Hz,3JH,H=7.1Hz);13C-NMR(丙酮-d6):165.1(m,C=C),160.1(m,C=O),108.5(=CH),94.9(=CH),40.8(m,CH-P),38.0(m,CH-P),37.7(s,CH2),36.4(s,CH2),32.8(s,CH2),29.0(s,CH2),17.6(m,CH3),14.1(s,CH3);31P-NMR(CDCl3):63.8(d,1JP,Rh=151Hz,[Rh(P-P)(COD)]BF4。
实施例6:氢化
条件:催化剂∶底物为200∶1;1mmol底物,15ml甲醇或四氢呋喃,25℃,1.5bar氢压。
四氢呋喃 | 甲醇 | |||
底物 | 时间(取样) | %ee/转化率 | 时间(取样) | %ee/转化率 |
甲基乙酰氨基-肉桂酸 | 2h | 95.5(R)100% | 0.5h | 84.0(R)25% |
6h | 95.5(R)100% | 1h | 87.4(R)50% | |
24h | 95.5(R)100% | 2h | 88.9(R)90% | |
二甲基衣康酸 | 0.5h | 80.4(S)20% | 1h | 2.9(S)20% |
1h | 79.1(S)50% | 2h | 4.1(S)55% | |
2h | 73.3(S)100% | 4h | 3.1(S)100% |
实施例7:β-氨基酸母体的氢化
条件:0.005mmol催化剂,0.5mmol底物,7.5ml溶剂,1bar氢压,25℃。
Claims (26)
1、对映体富集的通式(II)的二齿有机磷配体:
其中,
R5~R12彼此独立地表示C1-C8-烷基、HO-C1-C8-烷基、C1-C8-烷氧基、C2-C8-烷氧基烷基、C6-C18-芳基、C7-C19-芳烷基、C1-C8-烷基-C6-C18-芳基、C3-C8-环烷基、C1-C8-烷基-C3-C8-环烷基、C3-C8-环烷基-C1-C8-烷基、或与聚合物扩大体的连接物。
A表示以下结构:
其中,
Q=O、NH、NR,
R表示(C1-C8)-烷基、(C6-C18)-芳基、(C7-C19)-芳烷基、(C1-C8)-烷基-(C6-C18)-芳基、(C3-C8)-环烷基、(C1-C8)-烷基-(C3-C8)-环烷基、(C3-C8)-环烷基-(C1-C8)-烷基、或与聚合物扩大体的连接物;
其中所述式(II)的配体具有>90%的对映结构富集体。
2.根据权利要求1的配体,其特征在于,
所述聚合物扩大体由聚丙烯酸酯、聚丙烯酰胺、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚硅氧烷、聚丁二烯、聚异戊二烯、聚链烷、聚苯乙烯、聚噁唑啉或聚醚或者它们的混合物制得。
3、根据权利要求1或2的配体,特征在于它们通过选自以下组中的连接物连接到聚合物扩大体上:
a)-Si(R2)-
b)-(SiR2-O)n- n=1-10000
c)-(CHR-CHR-O)n- n=1-10000
d)-(X)n- n=1-20
e)Z-(X)n- n=0-20
f)-(X)n-W n=0-20
g)Z-(X)n-W n=0-20
其中,
R表示H、C1-C8-烷基、C6-C18-芳基、C7-C19-芳烷基、(C1-C8-烷基)1-3-C6-C18-芳基,
X表示C6-C18-亚芳基、C1-C8-亚烷基、C1-C8-亚烯基、(C1-C8-烷基)1-3-C6-C18-亚芳基、C7-C19-亚芳烷基,以及
Z、W彼此独立地表示-C(=O)O-、-C(=O)NH-、-C(=O)-、NR、O、CHR、CH2、C=S、S或PR。
4.根据权利要求1或2的配体,其特征在于,
其是均匀可溶的催化剂。
5.根据权利要求4的配体,其特征在于,
所述催化剂的平均分子量为5,000~300,000g/mol。
6.根据权利要求1或2的配体,其特征在于,
Q为氧或NR′,其中R′是C1-C8-烷基、C6-C18-芳基或苄基。
7.根据权利要求1或2的配体,其特征在于,
Q为氧或NR′,其中R′是甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、叔丁基、苯基、萘基、芴基或苄基。
9.根据权利要求8的配体,其特征在于,
R是甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、叔丁基或苯基。
10.根据权利要求1或8的配体,其特征在于,
其中所述式(II)~(IV)的化合物具有>98%的对映结构富集体。
11.包含权利要求1~10之一的配体与至少一种过渡金属的络合物。
12.权利要求11的络合物,其包括所述配体与钯、铂、铑、钌、锇、铱、钴、镍或铜的络合物。
13.制备权利要求1~10之一的配体的方法,其特征在于,
由LiP(SiMe3)2和适当的具有离核基团的共反应物在有机金属碱存在下反应得到相应的膦。
14.制备权利要求1~10之一的配体的方法,其特征在于,
相应的权利要求13的三甲基甲硅烷基膦与相应的具有权利要求1的基团A结构的二卤素衍生物反应,卤素原子每种情况下都定位在权利要求1的基团A中所示结构的自由价上。
15.根据权利要求11或12的络合物作为不对称反应催化剂的用途。
16.根据权利要求15的用途,其包括所述络合物作为不对称氢化、加氢甲酰化、重排、烯丙基烷基化、环丙烷化、氢化硅烷化、氢负离子转移、硼氢化、氢氰化、氢羧基化、醇醛缩合反应或Heck反应的催化剂。
17.根据权利要求16的用途,其包括所述络合物作为不对称氢化和/或加氢甲酰化反应的催化剂。
18.根据权利要求17的用途,其特征在于,
将前手性N-酰化β-氨基丙烯酸或其衍生物的E/Z混合物氢化。
19.根据权利要求16~18之一的用途,其特征在于,
操作是通过用氢气加氢或通过转移氢化来实施的。
20.根据权利要求19的用途,其涉及用氢气氢化,其特征在于,
氢化在0.1~10巴的氢压下实施。
21.根据权利要求20的用途,其特征在于,
所述氢化在0.5~5巴的氢压下实施。
22.根据权利要求20的用途,其特征在于,
操作是在-20℃~100℃的温度下实施的。
23.根据权利要求22的用途,其特征在于,
所述操作是在0℃~50℃的温度下实施的。
24.根据权利要求15~17之一的用途,其特征在于,
底物/催化剂的比例为10000∶1~10∶1。
25.根据权利要求24的用途,其特征在于,
所述底物/催化剂的比例为1000∶1~50∶1。
26.根据权利要求15~17之一的用途,其特征在于,
所述催化在膜反应器中实施。
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DE10353831A1 (de) * | 2003-11-18 | 2005-06-23 | Degussa Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bisphospholanliganden |
DE10360772A1 (de) * | 2003-12-23 | 2005-07-28 | Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Organoacylphosphiten |
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DE102004013514A1 (de) * | 2004-03-19 | 2005-10-06 | Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh | Verfahren zur Hydroformylierung von Olefinen in Anwesenheit von neuen phosphororganischen Verbindungen |
EP1595888A1 (en) * | 2004-05-11 | 2005-11-16 | Degussa AG | Cycloolefin phosphine ligands and their use in catalysis |
DE102004051456A1 (de) * | 2004-10-22 | 2006-04-27 | Degussa Ag | Neue Bisphosphankatalysatoren |
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CN101443293A (zh) * | 2005-04-22 | 2009-05-27 | 陶氏环球技术公司 | 不对称加氢甲酰基化反应方法 |
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US7608709B2 (en) * | 2005-07-25 | 2009-10-27 | National University Corporation Chiba University | 2, 3-bis(dialkylphosphino)pyrazine derivative, process of producing the same, and metal complex having the same as ligand |
DE102005042464A1 (de) * | 2005-09-07 | 2007-03-08 | Oxeno Olefinchemie Gmbh | Carbonylierungsverfahren unter Zusatz von sterisch gehinderten sekundären Aminen |
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