CN1317470C - 硬饰面砖及其制造方法和利用其制造的硬覆盖表面 - Google Patents

硬饰面砖及其制造方法和利用其制造的硬覆盖表面 Download PDF

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CN1317470C
CN1317470C CNB021584249A CN02158424A CN1317470C CN 1317470 C CN1317470 C CN 1317470C CN B021584249 A CNB021584249 A CN B021584249A CN 02158424 A CN02158424 A CN 02158424A CN 1317470 C CN1317470 C CN 1317470C
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西蒙·卡普利
阿里斯·吉拉迪
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Fabo Giubiasco - Ltd By Share Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种硬饰面砖。该硬饰面砖具有支承层和磨损层。磨损层和支承层为多边形。支承层的边缘区域有突出部分和切口,突出部分可与相邻的饰面砖的支承层的切口接合,将其牢固锁紧。在一个优选实施例中,根据本发明的饰面砖还具有导电的中间层。由于饰面砖由支承层机械地固定,因此在铺设饰面砖后,从上面看不见切口或突出部分。

Description

硬饰面砖及其制造方法和利用其制造的硬覆盖表面
技术领域
本发明涉及硬饰面砖,以及涉及包括这种饰面砖的覆盖表面。目前对由塑料制成的覆盖表面在机械强度、耐磨和耐化学品腐蚀方面提出非常高的要求。另外,这种覆盖表面不能带静电或只能带极少量的静电。
背景技术
EP-A1128713公布了一种由强压缩的热塑性塑料制成的饰面砖。该饰面砖具有不导电的支承层和导电的磨损层,磨损层的磨损表面带有牢固粘接的导电物质。该文献所述的饰面砖具有舌和槽形式的连接件。只有专业工人可以铺这种形式的饰面砖。舌和槽式连接经常撕裂,此外,该饰面砖复杂,制造成本昂贵。
覆盖地板用的饰面砖一般利用柱栓连接彼此固定。单块饰面砖之间的接头容易塞满灰尘和污物。随着时间推移,这会造成向上弯曲突起。这使得难以在地板覆盖面上驾驶,并减少了其工作寿命,这从经济和生态方面来看都是不希望的。
发明内容
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供一种容易铺设的硬饰面砖。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种使用容易铺设和工作寿命长的饰面砖制成的覆盖表面。
本发明提供了一种硬饰面砖,它具有支承层和磨损层,该磨损层和支承层为多边形,该支承层的边缘区域具有突出部分和切口,该突出部分可与相邻饰面砖的支承层的切口接合,将其牢固锁紧,所述硬饰面砖还具有设置在支承层和磨损层之间的附加的导电的中间层,该中间层与支承层和磨损层均固定连接,其中,中间层在支承层的至少两个相邻边缘区域上延伸;并且支承层的至少两个边缘区域的突出部分上没有中间层。
根据本发明的饰面砖的磨损层为多边形,最好为方形或六角形。磨损层没有切口或突出部分。在铺设了根据本发明的饰面砖后,由于饰面砖用支承层机械地固定,因此从上面看不见切口或突起部分。地板覆盖表面在单块饰面砖之间有狭窄的接头。这些规则的优选为方形的接头可以简单地焊接,因此污物不可能对地面覆盖表面有不利影响。磨损层最好是导电的。
根据本发明的饰面砖的支承层的尺寸基本上与磨损层相同,最好也为多边形。支承层的边缘区域有突出部分和匹配的切口。支承层边缘区域的宽度与切口和突出部分的长度相适应。突出部分与相邻的饰面砖的切口接合,将其牢固地锁紧。
在一个实施例中,中间层在支承层的至少是两个相邻的边缘区域上延伸;并且支承层的至少另外两个边缘区域上没有中间层。当铺设根据本发明的饰面砖时,这导致支承层的边缘区域上的中间层在其上延伸的突出部分与支承层的边缘区域中的没有中间层的那些切口接合。结果,利用根据本发明的饰面砖制造的覆盖面具有连续的中间层,可保证在整个区域上的导电性。由于机械连接的位置不是与电气连接精确地在同一个点上,这表示相邻饰面砖的微小偏移不会使导电性中断,因此导电可靠性高。
在另一个实施例中,中间层在支承层的至少两个相邻的边缘区域上延伸;并且中间层在另两个相邻的边缘区域的支承层的突出部分上延伸。这个结果表示,在饰面砖互相固定的区域上,中间层有两块。因此,用这种方法制成的地板覆盖表面可以满足导电性的高要求。
根据本发明的饰面砖可以铺在不平的底层地板上,不会使静电荷分散造成不利影响。铺设根据本发明的饰面砖时,不需要与底层地板固定连接。
根据本发明的饰面砖很容易制造,因为只有磨损层必需满足导电性、耐磨和耐腐蚀性化学品的具体要求。中间层必需导电。
根据要求,可以使用廉价材料(例如回收的材料)制造支承层。
根据本发明的饰面砖的磨损层优选由热塑性塑料颗粒制成(一般为碎屑),在压制之前,在该颗粒上涂上导电涂层。在高温压制过程中,塑料颗粒与导电涂层一起经历较大变形,形成均匀分布的均匀的块体,薄的导电层通过这些块体。在一个特别优选实施例中,磨损层的下表面上印刷有格子,增加了磨损层和中间层之间的导电性(参见EP 0869217)。
突出部分具有燕尾形状是特别有利的,因为这可以非常简单地铺设饰面砖以形成覆盖表面,和拆卸这种覆盖表面,而不会对饰面砖之间的导电性有不利影响。燕尾形切口也可以是多角形或从下部切开的。在一个实施例中,窄和宽的突出部分与切口以规则的间隔交替排列。燕尾的形状和宽度可以与特定的应用场合匹配;应特别注意其半径。
电荷最好通过利用根据本发明的饰面砖制成的覆盖表面的边缘分散。
根据本发明的饰面砖的中间层为导电的片状结构。它可以是一个金属格子、导电织物或铜条的图形,但亦可以为一个导电薄膜或导电涂层。最好为加入碳黑的聚苯乙烯薄膜和加入碳黑的软性聚氯乙烯薄膜。
通过加入碳黑,聚苯乙烯薄膜可以导电。这些薄膜的碳黑含量优选为15~25%,最好为18~22%。最好使用厚度为150~250μm的聚苯乙烯薄膜或聚氯乙烯薄膜,而厚度为200~250μm更好。可以使用粒状的化合物(例如Cabot公司生产的CABELEC 3896)来制造这些薄膜。这种形式的颗粒尤其具有下列性质:
密度                            1098Kg/l
肖氏D硬度                       75
VICAT软化点(10N)                118℃
熔融流动系数(200℃/10kg)        2.5g/10min
体积电阻率                      102Ω/cm
挠曲模量                        1800MPa
由这些颗粒制成的厚度为200微米的薄膜的体积电阻率,根据DIN51953确定大约为104Ω。
可以将涂层加在磨损层整个表面上,或涂成确定的花纹。这可使中间层具有确定的体积电阻率。这种形式的涂层可以具有例如下列成分:
a)基于乙烯乙酸盐/氯乙烯的18%的粘合剂;
21%的石墨;
1%的NH3
60%的水
b)27%的石墨;
73%的水
c)25%的石墨;
5%的膨胀的小麦淀粉
70%的水
d)3%的碳黑
75%的乙烯乙酸盐/氯乙烯粘合剂;
16%的水;
6%的形成薄膜和促进粘接的溶剂;
e)36%的PU悬浮液;
4%的丙烯酸悬浮液,6%的二元醇;
1%的添加剂;
4%的导电物质,例如碳黑;
49%的水。
在石墨悬浮液中,石墨颗粒的颗粒尺寸为1~100微米,最好为1~30微米。石墨颗粒尺寸为3~10微米的悬浮液已经证实是特别有利的。对于含有碳黑的悬浮液,500m2/g~1500m2/g的大的活性表面积上具有碳黑颗粒已经证实是较好的。涂层加在磨损层上,使所形成的粘接层的厚度为几微米。
在另一个实施例中,如果支承层具有压缩弹性性质,则支承层的承载能力增加。作为一个例子,支承层的至少一半可以作成多边形结构(例如蜂窝结构)。多边结构的边缘区域中的凹下部分改善了底层地板的通风,这在潮湿的环境下是特别好的。
根据本发明的饰面砖最好这样制造:将中间层加在已铺好的磨损层上。这可以用加薄膜或加涂层的方法来达到。最后一步是,优选利用注模法,将支承层加在已加在磨损层上的中间层上。
支承层最好是由具有例如下列成分的回收产品制成:
PVC(悬浮液质量)        38~42%
增塑剂(邻苯二甲酸酯)   12~14%
惰性物质(白垩、颜料)   40~44%
热稳定剂               2.5~3.5%
处理的辅助物品         0~1%
这个处方形成肖氏D硬度为65~70。支承层的厚度优选为5~7mm,特别优选为6mm。
利用根据本发明的饰面砖制造的地板覆盖面可以承受由大的重量引起的和驱动的负载。
饰面砖的结构可以利用有限方法计算:
下列条件的叉举车:
重量                    10吨
速度                    25km/h
制动距离                15m
支承表面积              600cm2
在上面行驶的饰面砖应满足下列要求:
弹性模量                500MPa
所需的力                16000N
当摩擦系数为0.5和力对称分布时,每单位支承面积上的力为2000N。
  每个表面的接头数目   弹性模量(MPa)   力(N)   变形(mm)   应力(N/mm)   拉伸强度(MPa)
  4   500   2000   3.7   37   18
  8   500   2000   2.2   20   18
  16   500   2000   1.4   15.3   18
如果地板覆盖面可以承受这么大的负荷,则在每一个表面上应使用16个接头,这表示在根据本发明的饰面砖的支承层的每一个表面上有8个突出部分和8个切口的组合。如果接头数目较少,则最大的承载能力相应减小。
附图说明
下面参照附图1~9来说明本发明。这些图只是示意性地表示一个例子,其中:
图1表示从下面看的根据本发明的饰面砖的总图;
图2a和2b中的每一个图示意性地表示饰面砖的支承层、中间层和磨损层的分解视图;
图3表示从上面看的根据本发明的饰面砖的总图;
图4表示从下面看的包括切口和突出部分的饰面砖的一部分;
图5示意性地表示支承层和中间层;
图6a和6b分别为示意性地表示从上面和侧面看的支承层;
图7示意性表示从上面看的支承层;
图8和图9中的每一个图表示一个优选实施例。
具体实施方式
图1表示从下面看的饰面砖1,它具有:绝缘支承层2、导电的中间层3和导电的磨损层4。磨损层4由强压缩的热塑料性塑料制成。当然,磨损层也可用其他材料制造。位于支承层2和磨损层4之间的中间层3与两者固定连接。支承层2的边缘区域9a、9b、9c和9d上整体地作出突出部分6a、6b、6c和6d与切口7a、7b、7c和7d。突出部分6a、6b、6c和6d与相邻饰面砖的切口7c、7d、7a和7b接合,将其牢固锁紧。
在本实施例中,突出部分6a和6c比突出部分6b和6d窄。然而,突出部分和切口的宽度也可以是任何希望的值。作为一个例子,突出部分和切口具有同样的宽度,或者突出部分交替地具有不同宽度的变型也是较好的。
中间层3在支承层的两个相邻的边缘区域9a和9b上延伸。与边缘区域9a和9b相对的支承层2的另外两个边缘区域9c和9d也相邻近,它们没有中间层。
因此,根据本发明的饰面砖的位于边缘区域9a和9b上的突出部分6a和6b与相邻饰面砖的切口7c和7d接合,从而中间层连续地在整个覆盖面上延伸。由于两块饰面砖之间的机械连接在与电气连接不同的位置上,这就表示在覆盖区域内饰面砖的稍微偏移不会导致导电性中断。
图2a示意性表示互相固定连接的支承层2、中间层3和磨损层4。在此所示的优选实施例中,中间层3和磨损层4尺寸相同并且在整个表面上互相叠放在一起。
图2b示意性地表示可以固定地互相连接的支承层2、中间层3和磨损层4。在此所示的优选实施例中,中间层3a的边缘区域9c′和9d′上的突出部分6c′和6d′可覆盖支承层2的突出部分6c和6d。磨损层4、中间层3a和支承层2的尺寸基本上相同。
图3表示从上面看的带有绝缘支承层2、导电的中间层3和导电磨损层4的饰面砖1。边缘区域9c和9d上没有中间层。
图4表示根据本发明的饰面砖的一部分。已经加在磨损层4上的中间层3在支承层2的边缘区域9a上延伸,而支承层2的边缘区域9c上没有中间层。
图5表示支承层2和中间层3的示意图。中间层在支在层2的边缘区域9a和9b上延伸,而支承层2的边缘部分9c和9d上仍没有中间层。
图6a表示优选的支承层2a的一部分。支承层2a为六边形状,即为蜂窝状结构。六角形由窄的接头12限定。突出部分直接靠近六角形结构。蜂窝结构增加了支承层的承载能力,使它特别适合于工业地板的使用。
图6b为从侧面看的、表示在图6a下边的支承层2a的侧视图。支承层可以有凹下部分15。这些凹下部分改善底层地板的通风。凹下部分15可以在整个支承层上规则或不规则地分布。
图7表示从上面看的支承层2。相邻的支承层2c与支承层2对准,而支承层2d则与支承层2的一半连接。这种铺设类型可以改善负荷分配。
图8表示从上面看的根据本发明的饰面砖的一个实施例。在这个优选实施例中,除了确定的电气和机械性质以外,导电的磨损层4还具有由碳黑或石墨杂质造成的图形,该图形同时可作为装饰层。
图9表示从下面看的图7所示的实施例。加在磨损层4上的导电物质制成的另外一个格子状印刷图形还能够进一步增加根据本发明的饰面砖的导电性。

Claims (13)

1.一种硬饰面砖,它具有支承层和磨损层,其特征在于,该磨损层和支承层为多边形,该支承层的边缘区域具有突出部分和切口,该突出部分可与相邻饰面砖的支承层的切口接合,将其牢固锁紧,
所述硬饰面砖还具有设置在支承层和磨损层之间的附加的导电的中间层,该中间层与支承层和磨损层均固定连接,其中,
中间层在支承层的至少两个相邻边缘区域上延伸;并且支承层的至少两个边缘区域的突出部分上没有中间层。
2.如权利要求1所述的硬饰面砖,其特征在于,该磨损层是导电的。
3.如权利要求1所述的硬饰面砖,其特征在于,磨损层和中间层在整个表面区域上一个层放在另一个层上。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的硬饰面砖,其特征在于,中间层在支承层的至少两个相邻边缘区域上延伸;并且中间层在另两个相邻的边缘区域的支承层的突出部分上延伸。
5.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的硬饰面砖,其特征在于,中间层为导电的片状结构。
6.如权利要求5所述的硬饰面砖,其特征在于,该导电的片状结构为薄膜或涂层。
7.如权利要求6所述的硬饰面砖,其特征在于,该薄膜为加入碳黑的聚苯乙烯薄膜、加入碳黑的软性聚氯乙烯薄膜。
8.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的硬饰面砖,其特征在于,该突出部分为燕尾形状。
9.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的硬饰面砖,其特征在于,该支承层是电气绝缘的。
10.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的硬饰面砖,其特征在于,该支承层用注模法制造。
11.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的硬饰面砖,其特征在于,该磨损层为装饰层。
12.一种利用如权利要求1所述的硬饰面砖制造的硬覆盖表面,其特征在于,只有磨损层可从上面看见。
13.一种制造如权利要求1所述的硬饰面砖的方法,其特征在于,它包括下列步骤:
铺设磨损层;
将中间层放在磨损层上;和
利用注模法将支承层加在中间层上;
形成三个层的结构。
CNB021584249A 2001-12-24 2002-12-24 硬饰面砖及其制造方法和利用其制造的硬覆盖表面 Expired - Lifetime CN1317470C (zh)

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