CN1304625A - 快速获得高易变数据传输率的通讯信道 - Google Patents

快速获得高易变数据传输率的通讯信道 Download PDF

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CN1304625A
CN1304625A CN99806939A CN99806939A CN1304625A CN 1304625 A CN1304625 A CN 1304625A CN 99806939 A CN99806939 A CN 99806939A CN 99806939 A CN99806939 A CN 99806939A CN 1304625 A CN1304625 A CN 1304625A
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小詹姆斯·A·普罗克特
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Abstract

一种用于CDMA无线通信的服务选择项覆盖技术,在该技术中通过把给定的长伪噪声(PN)代码中不同的代码相位分配给每个子信道在反向链路上定义多重可分配的子信道。然后,根据需要通过动态地决定不分配子信道、分配一个子信道或分配多个子信道来满足每个在线用户单元对每个网络层连接的瞬时带宽要求。这个系统在延长的空闲周期内(例如在与用户单元相连的计算机已被供电但当前没有主动地发送或接收数据时)在反向链路上有效地在用户单元与基站之间提供比较大量的虚拟的物理连接。这些维持子信道允许基站和用户单元保持相位和时间的同步。这依次允许在需要时通过分配新的代码相位子信道快速获得追加的子信道。优选的是,新信道的代码相位是根据相对于相应的维持子信道的代码相位预定的代码相位关系指定的。

Description

快速获得高易变数据传输率的通讯信道
本发明的现有技术
无线电话和个人计算机的使用日益增加，已经导致对一度被认为仅仅打算在专业应用中使用的先进的远程通讯服务产生相应的需求。在八十年代，无线语音通讯通过蜂窝电话网络变成可广泛应用的服务。这样的服务起初通常被看成是企业家专用的领域，因为用户的预期费用相当高。同样的事情对于访问远程分布式计算机网络也是真实的，因此，直到最近也只有有企业家和大研究所才负担得起必要的计算机和无线访问设备的费用。由于这两项技术的可用性的普及，一般的大众现在越来越希望不仅能访问象因特网和专用的内部网络那样的网络，而且能访问无线网络。这对于优选访问这种不受电话线束缚的网络的便携式计算机、膝上计算机、掌上型数字式私人助理等的用户是特别重要的。
目前对于利用现有的无线通讯基础实施提供费用低廉、地域宽广、速度快捷地访问因特网、专用内部网络和其它网络仍然没有可用的令人满意的解决方案。这种状况非常象几种环境令人遗憾的后生现象。例如，在商务环境中在有线网络上提供高速度的数据服务的典型方法并非易于适合可在大多数家庭或办公室使用语音级服务。这种标准的高速数据服务本身也不倾向于在标准的无线电话手机上有效地传输。此外，现有的蜂窝网络原本是为了仅仅提供语音服务而设计的。因此，虽然某些方案(例如，CDMA)确实为调节数据传输提供了某种非对称特性的度量方法，但是当今数字式无线通信方案的重点仍然放在语音上。例如，在IS-95正向通讯信道上的数据传输率可以按照适合所谓的“速率设定1(Rate Set 1)的从1.2kbps到9.6kbps的增量和按照适合所谓的“速率设定2(Rate Set2)的从1.8kbps到14.4kbps的增量进行调节。
所以，现有的系统通常提供在正向方向上最多能适应在14.4千比特/秒(kbps)范围内的最大数据传输率的无线电信道。数据传输率这样低的信道本身不倾向于直接以目前采用廉价的有线调制解调器通常可利用的28.8或56.6kbps的传输率传输数据，更不用说采用综合业务数字网(ISDN)型的设备可利用的更高的数据传输率，例如128kbps。这种水平的数据传输率对于各种活动(例如浏览网页)正在迅速地变成难以接受的。采用更高的速度建块的其它类型的数据网络[例如数字用户线(xDSL)服务]目前在美国已进入使用阶段。但是，它们的价格目前仅仅降到对住宅消费者有吸引力的程度。
虽然这样的网络在开始部署蜂窝系统时就是已知的，但是在蜂窝网络的拓扑结构上没有提供更高速度的ISDN级或xDSL级的数据服务。遗憾的是在无线环境中多用户对诸信道的访问开销大而且存在争夺信道的问题。无论多路访问是通过传统的频分多址(FDMA)在一组无线电载波上利用模拟调制技术提供的，还是通过允许共享无线电载波的比较新的数字调制方案利用时分多址(TDMA)或码分多址(CDMA)提供的，无线电频谱的性质总是表明它是一种期望被共享的媒体。这与传统的数据传输环境全然不同，其中有线媒体比较容易获得，价格比较低，所以通常不倾向于共享。
其它的考虑是数据本身的特征。例如，考虑对网页的访问，一般的说，它是猝发型的(burst-oriented)，并且有数据传输率非对称的传输要求。具体地说，远程客户计算机的用户首先为浏览器程序规定网页的地址。然后，该浏览器程序把这个网页地址数据(其长度通常为100字节或更短)在网络上发送给服务器计算机。然后，该服务器计算机用被请求的网页的内容应答，在任何场合该内容都可能包括从10千字节到若干兆字节的文本、图象、声音、甚至录像数据。然后，用户在请求下载另一个网页之前可能要花费至少几秒甚至几分钟的时间阅读该网页的内容。所以，正向信道(即从基站至用户)所需要的数据传输率通常比反向信道所需要的数据传输率大许多倍。
在办公室环境中，大多数雇员使用计算机的工作习惯的特点通常是查看几个网页，然后在相当长的时间周期内做一些别的事情，例如访问本地储存的数据或者甚至完全停止使用计算机。所以，即使这样的用户可能希望整天持续地保持与因特网或专用的内部网络的连接，而从总体上看，对支持与特定的用户单元之间所需要的数据传输活动的需求实际上是零零星星的。
本发明的概述
问题陈述
所需要的是一种有效的方案，该方案大范围地利用可用的基础实施支持无线数据通信，例如从便携式计算机到诸如因特网和专用内部网络之类的计算机网络的数据通信。不幸的是，即使是广泛使用的(诸如CDMA)大多数调制解调无线标准也没有提供适当的结构，用于支持大多数公众的活动，诸如网页浏览等。在正向和反向两个链路方向上，可利用的最大的信道带宽在IS-95型CDMA系统中也仅仅是14.4kbps。由于IS-95是线路切换的，所以能够同时在用的最多只有64个线路切换的用户。具体地说，这个限制是难以达到的，通常只有20或30个用户同时使用。
此外，现有的CDMA系统在信道能够被使用之前需要完成某些操作。访问信道和业务信道两者都是受所谓的长代码伪随机噪声(PN)顺序操纵的；所以，为了使接收机适当地工作，它必须首先与发射机同步。因此，为了实现这种同步，信道的建立和取消都需要额外的开销。这种额外的开销可引起用户单元在使用时注意的延迟。
有吸引力的为给定的用户增大数据传输率的方法是在正向和反向两个方向上的信道的共享。这是一个有吸引力的选择，特别是在用CDMA容易获得多路访问的时候；追加的用户可以通过简单地给正向链路追加补充代码或者在反向链路中为IS-95系统追加代码相位得到支持。理想的是，这种子信道的额外开销被最小化，以致在需要把追加的子信道分配给连接时它们将尽可能迅速地变成可利用的。
为了维持同步，以这样的方式提供子信道以致在反向链路上提供可能的最低速连接，同时一经要求就维持追加代码相位信道的有效且快速上升。这依次将在使可利用的连接数目最大同时使对总系统容量的影响最小。
本发明的概要
本发明是用于IS-95类的CDMA无线通信系统，且满足上述要求的服务选择项覆盖技术。具体地说，在单一的CDMA无线电信道带宽范围内为正向链路定义大量的子信道，例如，通过为每个子信道指定不同的正交代码。通过为每个子信道指定给定长度的伪随机噪声(PN)的不同的代码相位，在反向链路上定义多重子信道。每个在线用户单元的瞬时带宽要求是通过根据需要把零个、一个或多个子信道动态地分配给每个网络层连接得到满足的。
更具体地说，本发明在延长的空闲周期内(例如，与用户单元连接的计算机已经开机但当前没有主动发送或接受数据的时候)，在用户单元与基站之间的反向连路上，有效地提供数量比较大的虚拟的物理连接。这些维持子信道允许在基站与用户单元之间保持相位和时间同步。这依次允许在需要时，通过分配新的代码相位子信道迅速获得追加的子信道。优选的是，新信道的代码相位是按照与相对于对应的维持子信道的代码相位相关的预定代码相位指定的。
在空闲模式中，用户单元在维持子信道上以仅仅足以维持用户单元与基站同步的足够快的数据传输率发送同步或“心跳”讯息。心跳信号的持续时间是通过考虑在基站的接收器中代码相位锁定电路的捕捉或锁定范围确定的。
例如，接收器通常具有以代码芯片的速率运行的PN代码相关器。这种代码相关器的一个实例，使用由前后检测器组成的延迟锁定环。回路滤波器控制回路的带宽，该带宽依次确定代码相关器在它能保证相位锁定之前必须被允许运行多长时间。这个回路时间常数确定能得到准许的“抖动”量；相位锁定通常被看作是能够在这个量等于短暂时间(chip time)的一小部分(例如，大约为短暂时间的1/8)时获得的。
心跳讯息优选在代码相位定义的子信道上形成的时隙中发送。时隙的运用允许最少数量的基站专用接收器来维持方向的空闲链路。具体地说，维持信道的反向链路是利用同样长的代码的多重相位，以及通过关于这样的代码的时隙分配给每个用户单元。这将减少在基站维持大量的连接所需的额外开销。
因为反向维持信道的时隙特征，基站接收器还可以是在各种各样的反向链路中时间共享的。为了允许这样，在每个分配给特定的用户单元的时隙期间，基站接收器首先装载涉及其相位锁定最后的已知状态的信息，例如前-后相关器最后的已知状态。然后，它按照要求的时间训练前后相关器，以保证相位锁定仍然有效，并且储存相关器在时隙终点的状态。
在需要用追加的子信道来满足带宽要求时，追加的代码相位是按照相对于被锁定的代码预定的相位关系指定的，以使在其它情况下可能需要的来自基站业务信道处理器的额外开销的传输最少。因此，成千上万的空闲用户单元可以在一个CDMA反向链路无线电信道上得到支持，同时在必须分配信道时，使启动延迟最短。
附图简要说明
本发明的上述和其它目的、特征和优点通过下面参照附图更具体地介绍本发明的优选实施方案将变得相当明显，在这些附图中相同的参考符号始终指代同一零部件。
图1是采用按照本发明的带宽管理方案的无线通信系统的方框图。
图2说明在给定的正向链路射频(RF)信道范围内怎样分配子信道。
图3说明在给定的反向链路射频(RF)信道范围内怎样分配子信道。
图4是用户单元中反向链路带宽管理功能的状态图；
图5是基站中反向链路带宽管理功能的状态图；
本发明的详细叙述
现在把注意力转向附图，图1是在无线连接上通过天衣无缝地把数字数据协议[例如综合业务数字网(ISDN)]与数字模块化的无线服务[例如码分多址(CDMA)]结合提供高速数据和语音服务的系统100的方框图。
系统100由两个不同类型的组成部分组成，其中包括用户单元101-1、101-2、…、101-u(统称用户单元101)和一个或多个基站170。用户单元101与基站170合作提供在便携式计算装置(例如膝上计算机、便携式计算机、数字式私人助理(PDA)或类似的东西)上进行无线数据服务时必要的功能。基站170还与用户单元101合作以便允许最终与用户单元和公共交换电话网(PSTN)180互传数据。
更具体地说，数据和/或语音服务也是通过用户单元101提供给便携式计算机101以及一个或多个诸如电话112-1、112-2之类的其它装置(在本文中统称为电话112)的。电话112本身可以依次被连接到其它的调制解调器和计算机上(图1中未示出)。按ISDN的常用说法，便携式计算机110和电话112被统称为终端设备(TE)。用户单元101提供被称之为网络终端型1(NT1)的各项功能。图示的用户单元101尤其意味着用所谓的基本速率接口(BRI)型的ISDN连接运行，它提供通常用2B+D表示的两个载荷信道即“B”信道和一个单独数据信道即“D”信道。
用户单元101本身由ISDN调制解调器120、在本文中被称为协议转换器130的装置(它按照本发明实现包括电子欺骗132和带宽管理1 34在内的各种功能)、CDMA收发信机140和用户单元天线150组成。用户单元101的各个组成部分可以用分立器件或作为一个集成单元予以实现。例如，现有的常规ISDN调制解调器120(例如，很容易从任何制造商那里买到的ISDN调制解调器)可以与现有的CDMA收发信机140一起使用。在这种情况下，独特的功能将完全由可以作为独立的装置出售的协议转换器130提供。另外，ISDN调制解调器、协议转换器130和CDMA收发信机140可以结合成一个完整的单元，并且作为一个用户单元装置101出售。其它类型的接口连接(例如以太网或PCMCIA)可以被用来把计算装置连接到协议转换器130上。该计算装置还可以与以太网接口而不是ISDN“U”接口对接。
ISDN调制解调器120把终端设备110和112之间的数据和语音信号转换成标准的ISDN“U”接口要求的格式。U接口在ISDN系统中是指定网络终端(NT)与电话公司之间的连接点的一个基准点。
协议转换器130实现电子欺骗功能132和基本的带宽管理功能134。一般的说，电子欺骗132包括保证用户单元101在终端设备110、112看来似乎在任何时候它都与基站170另一侧的公共交换电话网180相连。带宽管理功能134负责在需要时分配和解除分配CDMA无线电信道160。带宽管理134还包括通过按下面将全面介绍的方式动态地分配CDMA的子信道，来动态管理所分配的给定会话的带宽。
CDMA收发信机140接收来自协议转换器130的数据，并且按照适合在CDMA无线电链路160-1上通过用户单元天线150发射的形式将这个数据重新格式化。CDMA收发信机140可以仅仅在1.25MHz单一射频信道上运行，或者可以象在优选实施方案中那样以一种方式变成在多重可分配的射频信道上可调谐的。
然后，CDMA信号发射被基站设备170接收和处理。基站设备170通常包括多信道天线171、多重CDMA收发信机172和带宽管理功能部件174。带宽管理174控制按照类似于用户单元101的方式分配CDMA无线电信道160和子信道。然后，基站170以技术上众所周知的方式把解调的无线电信号耦合到公共交换电话网(PSTN)上。例如，基站170可以根据不同的有效的通信协议[例如主速率ISDN或其它基于LAPD的协议(如IS-634或V5.2)]与PSTN 180通信。
人们还应该理解数据信号是在CDMA无线电信道160上双向传送的。换言之，从CDMA无线电信道160收到的数据信号按正向链路的方向被耦合到便携式计算机110上，而来源于便携式计算机110的数据信号按所谓的反向链路方向与PSTN 180耦合。本发明尤其涉及实现反向链路信道的方法。
继续参照图1，电子欺骗134涉及在ISDN通信路径上有CDMA收发信机140回送这些同步的数据位以欺骗终端设备110和112，使它们相信充分宽的无线通信链路160是继续可用的。但是，仅仅在实际上有数据存在时才把无线带宽分配给从终端设备到无线收发信机140的信道。所以，网络层不需要把指定的无线带宽分配给全体通信会话。换言之，在没有把数据提交到与网络设备连接的终端设备上时，带宽管理功能134解除分配最初指定的无线电信道带宽160，并且使它变成可供另一个收发信机或另一个用户单元101使用的。
为了更好地理解带宽管理134和174是怎样完成动态分配无线电信道的，现在把注意力转向图2，这张图图解说明一种按照本发明可能用于无线链路160的频率分配计划。具体地说，典型的收发信机170可以在宽得多的带宽(例如高达30MHz)范围内根据指令被调谐到任何一个1.25 MHz的信道上。在按现有的蜂窝射频频带定位的情况下，这些带宽通常被变成在从800到900MHz的范围内可利用的。就个人通信系统(PCS)型的无线系统而言，这个带宽通常是在从1.8至2.0千兆赫(GHz)的范围内分配的。此外，通常有两个被防护频带(例如80MHz)分开的同时活动的匹配频带；这两个匹配频带形成正向和反向全双工链路。
每个CDMA收发信机(例如，在用户单元101中的收发信机140和在基站170中的收发信机172)都能够在任何给定点被及时调谐到给定的1.25MHz射频信道。按人们通常的理解，这种1.25MHz的射频载波最多在可接受的误码率限制范围内提供总体上相对于最大数据传输率大约为500至600kbps的数据传输。
与这种情况相反，本发明把可利用的大约500至600kbps的数据传输率细分成数量比较大的子信道。在图示的实例中，带宽被分成64个子信道300，每个子信道提供8kbps的数据传输率。给定的子信道300实际上是这样实现的，即用许多不同的可指定的伪随机码之一编写传输代码。例如，64个子信道300可以用下述方法在单一的CDMA射频载波范围内定义，即把不同的正交代码用于(举例说)适合正向链路的每个被定义的子信道300。
如上所述，子信道300仅仅在需要时才被分配。例如，多个子信道300在某个ISDN用户单元101请求转移大量的数据期间是得到允许的。这些子信道300在用户单元101装载任务比较轻时则被迅速释放。
本发明尤其与维持反向链路有关，以致子信道的同步不需要每次子信道被外放和回授时都重建。
图3图解说明在反向链路上如何安排被指定的子信道。符合要求的是把反向链路上的单一无线电载波信号使用到尽可能保存功率以及保存必须在基站被变成可用的接收机资源的程度。所以，1.2288MHz的单一频带350是被选中的可用的无线电频谱。
然后，通过以特定的方式使用单一的伪随机噪声(PN)代码来支持数量比较大的(N个(例如1000个)个体用户单元。首先从可利用的242-1个不同长度的代码相位中选择一定数量的(p个)代码相位。给定长度的代码相位对于特定的用户单元是独一无二的并且决不改变。正象将要解释的那样，这对于补充代码相位也是适用的。然后，将p个代码相位偏移用于提供p个子信道。接下来，进一步把p个子信道中的每个子信道分成s个时隙。划分时隙仅仅在空闲模式期间使用并且提供两个优点：它减少了基站中“维持”接收机的数量，以及由于降低发射功率它还减少了对反向信道容量的冲击并因此减少了干扰。所以，能支持的用户单元的最大数量N是p乘s。在空闲模式期间，使用具有不同的相位和时隙的同样的PN代码，将提供许多不同的子信道，并且允许在基站104中使用单一的搜索接收机(rake receiver)。
在上述的信道分配方案中，人们希望根据需要分配无线电资源。但是，还必须考虑到下述事实，即在正常情况下为了建立新的CDMA信道，给定的反向链路信道必须在接收机处得到获得代码相位锁定的时间。本发明避免了每次借助下面将更全面介绍的几种机理建立信道时需要等待每个信道获得代码相位锁定的情况。一般的说，该技术是以足以维持每个子信道的代码相位锁定(包括在没有数据时维持这种锁定)的速率发送维持信号。
关于这一点的目的是使每个时隙的大小最小，这依次使能够在空闲模式中得以维持的用户数目最大。每个时隙的大小(t)是由保证用户单元的发射机与基站的接收机之间的相位锁定所花费的时间的最小值决定的。具体地说，接收机中的代码相关器必须接收在某个时间单位上由至少某个数目的维持位组成的维持信号即“心跳”信号。在这种限制下，这个心跳信号是通过在每个反向链路上由每个用户单元按预定的时间(例如在N个子信道中预定的一个子信道上指定给它的时隙)发送至少1比特信号来发送的。
所以，这个最小的时隙持续时间(t)取决于许多因素，包括蜂窝内的信噪比和期望的用户单元的最大速度。相对于信噪比，这个数值取决于：
Eb/No+Io
其中Eb是每比特的能量，No是环境噪声基底，而Io是来自共享同一频谱的反向链路上其它子信道的其它编码传输的相互干扰。通常，在接收机处关闭链路要求整合8个短暂时间，并且要保证方向通常需要20倍的倍乘，所以，为了在反向链路上正确地接收编码信号通常需要大约160个短暂时间。就1.2288MHz的代码而言，短暂时间Tc是813.33纳秒，因此这个整合时间最小值大约为130微秒。这依次设定数据位的绝对持续时间最小值和时隙t的持续时间最小值。130微秒的时隙最小值意味着按最大值计，每秒可供每个相位编码信号使用的可能是7692个时隙。
为了与某些功率控制组定时要求保持一致，时隙持续时间可以稍微放宽一些。例如，按IS-95标准，功率控制组定时要求要求每隔1.25毫秒对每个用户单元进行一次功率输出抽样。。
一旦获得代码相位锁定，心跳信号的持续时间就可以通过考虑在基站接收机中的代码相位锁定电路的捕捉或锁定范围。例如，接收机通常具有按代码芯片率运行的PN代码相关器。这种代码相关器的一个实例使用由前后检测器组成的延迟锁定环。回路滤波器控制这个回路的带宽，该带宽依次确定代码相关器在它能够保证相位锁定之前必须被允许运行多长时间。这个回路时间常数确定在代码相关器中能够被允许的时间偏移量，例如，短暂时间Tc的大约1/8。
在优选实施方案中，系统100倾向于支持所谓的游牧式的移动性。换言之，不指望在以移动电话为特征的移动车辆内的高移动性操作是必不可少的。反之，便携式计算机的使用者通常仅以大约4.5英里/小时(MPH)的步行速度移动。以4.5MPH的速度(相当于6.6英尺/秒)，使用者在1/1.2288MHz的短暂时间Tc的1/8中将行进大约101英尺。所以，这样的用户行进到足以使代码相位同步回路不能保证维持锁定的位置将花费大约101英尺除以6.6英尺即大约1 5秒的时间。所以，只要每隔15秒把完全同步的信号发送给给定的反向链路信道，反向链路回路就将维持在锁定状态。
图4是用户单元中的反向链路带宽管理功能的状态图。在空闲模式400中，首先进入状态401，在该状态中用户单元接收适合它的代码相位反向信道的时隙分配。这个时隙仅仅在空闲模式中使用。同样长的代码相位被预先分配给用户单元并且是永久的。
在下一个状态402中，按指定的时隙发送心跳信号。然后，进入状态403，在该状态中用户单元监视它的内部数据缓冲区，以确定是否需要追加代码相位信道，以建立有足够的带宽支持的反向链路和移动通讯信道。如果不是这种情况，那么用户单元返回到状态402，并且继续处于空闲模式400。
在从空闲模式400进入活动状态4050之前，用户单元必须向基站发出请求。如果得到许可(步骤403-b)，处理继续进行到步骤451，如果未得到许可，继续进行到步骤402。但是，如果用户单元有待发送的数据，则进入活动模式450。在这个模式的第一个状态451中，如果需要新的代码相位信道，那么在状态452中计算新的代码相位。具体地说，用户单元根据相对其基本信道的代码相位信道的预定关系知道指定给它的代码相位信道，即：
Pn+1=F{P0}
其中Pn+1是用于新信道(n+1)的代码相位，P0是指定给特定用户的基本信道的代码相位。举例说，这样的代码相位关系F可能是在可利用的242种代码中进行的一种均匀选择，即在为一个用户单元提供1024(210)个反向链路的系统中选择每个第242/210即第232个代码相位。
所以，这些新代码相位的数目C可以简单地根据追加的代码相位信道的数目立即计算出来，而且不需要要求每个新信道的代码相位同步。
在完成步骤452的处理之后，将为这些代码相位信道发出请求。如果得到许可(步骤452-b)，处理继续进行步骤453，如果未得到许可，则处理继续进行步骤451以便处理追加信道请求。在下一个状态453中，用户单元开始在指定给它的代码相位信道上传输它的数据。在状态454中，继续监视其内部的数据缓冲区以及与它相关的正向访问信道以确定何时返回到空闲模式400、何时返回到确定是否必须指定新代码相位信道的状态451、或者何时返回到解除分配它们的状态455。
图5是在基站104中用反向链路管理功能处理空闲模式的状态图。在第一个状态501中，开始对每个空闲用户单元101的循环处理；然后进入状态502，在该状态中从以前的同步会话中读出适合当前的时隙(p,s)的相关器的储存状态。在下一个状态503中，使前-后相关器在时隙持续时间t内保持不变。在下一个状态504中，储存相关器的状态；在状态505中，继续对每个用户单元进行循环处理。
等同物
尽管至此已经参照优选实施方案具体地展示和介绍了这项发明，但是熟悉这项技术的人将理解在不脱离权利要求书所定义的本发明的精神和范围的情况下可以在形式和细节上作出各种各样的变化。
例如，其它的有线和网络协议(例如，xDSL、以太网和X.25)可以被囊括进来以代替ISDN，并因此可以有利地使用本文介绍的无线子信道动态分配方案。
熟悉这项技术的人将承认或利用不多于例行试验次数的试验就能够断定许多实施方案是与在这份说明书中介绍的本发明的特定的实施方案等价的，这些等价实施方案倾向于被包括在本权利要求书规定的范围内。

Claims (12)

1．一种提供数字信号无线通信的方法，所述数字信号是在众多无线用户单元和基站之间传递的，所述数字信号是借助经码分多址(CDMA)调制的无线电信号，利用至少一个射频信道传递的，所述数字信号还具有给定的名义传输率，所述方法包括下述步骤：
(A)使每个CDMA无线电信道范围内的众多子信道变成可利用的，其中每个子信道的数据传输率都比所述数字信号的名义数据传输率小得多；
(B)仅仅根据需要分配子信道，借此在给定的会话持续期间，改变被分配的子信道数量；以及
(C)在反向链路上，把空闲模式连接提供给已经开机但当前并未主动发送数据的用户单元。
2．根据权利要求1的方法，其中把空闲模式提供给用户单元的步骤，以低到足以与基站维持位同步的数据传输率发送心跳信号。
3．根据权利要求2的方法，其中心跳信号的数据传输率从大约37bps到80bps。
4．根据权利要求1的方法，其中为了减少维持连接的额外开销，不是为每个用户指定不同的Walsh代码，而是用户单元使用相同长度PN长代码，只是该代码的相位不同。
5．根据权利要求2的方法，其中心跳讯息在暂停不用的链路之间是有时隙的，以便允许比较少的专用基站接收器维持这些链路。
6．根据权利要求1的方法，其中为了进入活动状态，用户单元发送指令请求数据传输率比较高的服务。
7．根据权利要求6的方法，其中在接收数据或语音通讯比较高容量的业务请求时，基站掌握通往反向信道业务处理器的链路，然后通过基站把追加的代码相位指定给用户单元，从而实现比较高的传输率。
8．根据权利要求7的方法，其中追加的代码相位是按照预定的相位关系指定的，以便使来自基站通讯信道处理器的额外传送最少。
9．根据权利要求6的方法，其中数据传输率的直线上升可以在两个阶段中发生，在首先只获准访问传输率较低的可利用信道时，或用户单元在获准访问全速信道之前。
10．根据权利要求1的方法，其中如果基站确定就一条连接而言最大数据传输率是不够的，则给用户分配追加的代码信道。
11．根据权利要求10的方法，其中追加的信道相对于原来的代码相位具有预定的关系。
12．根据权利要求1的方法，其中通过为每个子信道分配正交代码，实现众多子信道在单一射频上的载波。
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KR20110107855A (ko) 2011-10-04
JP5639201B2 (ja) 2014-12-10
JP5524147B2 (ja) 2014-06-18
EP1084587B1 (en) 2005-12-21
AU750879B2 (en) 2002-08-01
KR20120034245A (ko) 2012-04-10
ATE313924T1 (de) 2006-01-15
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US20100208708A1 (en) 2010-08-19
US8139546B2 (en) 2012-03-20
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JP5242511B2 (ja) 2013-07-24
US7602749B2 (en) 2009-10-13
KR100795769B1 (ko) 2008-01-21
JP2002517941A (ja) 2002-06-18
EP1631113A3 (en) 2007-11-28
CN1882184A (zh) 2006-12-20
KR101298815B1 (ko) 2013-08-22
US20130201962A1 (en) 2013-08-08
US6707804B2 (en) 2004-03-16
ES2253902T3 (es) 2006-06-01
US7746830B2 (en) 2010-06-29
US8792458B2 (en) 2014-07-29
JP2008079327A (ja) 2008-04-03
JP2012213217A (ja) 2012-11-01
JP4887444B2 (ja) 2012-02-29
JP2010259083A (ja) 2010-11-11
KR101171621B1 (ko) 2012-08-06
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US6940842B2 (en) 2005-09-06
NO336327B1 (no) 2015-08-03
JP2013081254A (ja) 2013-05-02
CA2333654A1 (en) 1999-12-09
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JP4603159B2 (ja) 2010-12-22
WO1999063682A3 (en) 2000-01-27
KR20110023908A (ko) 2011-03-08
WO1999063682A2 (en) 1999-12-09
US20050249168A1 (en) 2005-11-10
CA2834031A1 (en) 1999-12-09
DE69929050D1 (de) 2006-01-26
NO323653B1 (no) 2007-06-18
JP2009268140A (ja) 2009-11-12
DK1084587T3 (da) 2006-05-22
KR101298847B1 (ko) 2013-08-23
NO20006076D0 (no) 2000-11-30
KR20070046979A (ko) 2007-05-03
KR100885989B1 (ko) 2009-03-03
JP2012019528A (ja) 2012-01-26
EP2262177B1 (en) 2012-08-22
KR20010071367A (ko) 2001-07-28
NO20006076L (no) 2001-01-30
KR20070102759A (ko) 2007-10-19
US6678260B2 (en) 2004-01-13
US6928064B2 (en) 2005-08-09
JP5236692B2 (ja) 2013-07-17
KR100902621B1 (ko) 2009-06-11
KR20120098897A (ko) 2012-09-05
KR20070057279A (ko) 2007-06-04
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