CN1297191C - Biological preventing and controlling of American white moth by chouioia cunea yang - Google Patents
Biological preventing and controlling of American white moth by chouioia cunea yang Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to technologies of artificially propagating Chouioia cunea Yang and releasing the Chouioia cunea Yang to prevent and control American white moths, which belongs to the technical field of forest conservancy, and the present invention is a new technology of using natural enemy insects for biologically preventing and controlling forestry pests. The present invention comprises the following technical steps: step 1, identifying and providing superior Chouioia cunea Yang seeds; step 2, collecting and maintaining Chouioia cunea Yang seeds; step 3, selecting and maintaining substituting hosts; step 4, propagating Chouioia cunea Yang; step 5, rejuvenating the Chouioia cunea Yang; step 6, releasing the Chouioia cunea Yang; step 7, persistently controlling the American white moths. The present invention has the advantages of easy operation, high efficiency and systematization, excellent propagation substituting hosts are selected, the technical problems of the artificial propagation are solved, a suitable Chouioia cunea Yang releasing technology is developed, and the prevention and control effect is obvious. In general, after continuous four times of Chouioia cunea Yang releasing in one year, the harm of two generations of the American white moths can be controlled. After the Chouioia cunea Yang releasing, when the parasitized quantity of the American white moths is low, the Chouioia cunea Yang releasing can be additionally carried out once to twice, and the secular and stable continuous control effect can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention be utilize we China find a kind of natural enemy insect novel species---Chouioia cunea (Chouioia cunce Yang) is prevented and treated from importing the great defoliator fall webworm new method of China abroad into; belong to the forest protection technical field; more specifically say so and use the new method of natural enemy insect biological control forestry pest, be domestic and international initiative.
Background technology
Use at present natural enemy insect successfully to prevent and treat the example of forestry pest few in the forest protection field.Reason is mainly: the one, be not easy to find effective natural enemy; The 2nd, natural enemy insect is difficult for large-scale breeding; The 3rd, natural enemy insect does not reach the effect of Sustainable Control after the field discharges, and natural enemy insect only is equivalent to the effect of " biopesticide "; The present natural enemy insect of China reach scale breeding and discharge utilize have only oophagous trichogrammae class, the swollen leg honeybee of Guan Shi and Siphonophora; but these natural enemy insects are mainly used in pest control ovum and larva; and be used for agricultural insect management mostly, the international and domestic precedent of also not utilizing parasitic wasp success in the pupa time pest control of insect.Chouioia cunea is the insect endoparasitism honeybee in pupa time, so breeding and release utilize method also to have any different.A kind of existing method of utilizing the tussah chrysalis breeding to nibble chalcid fly is disclosed though the patent No. is the patent of invention of CN 1085488C, but this technology is because its alternative host types is single, utilize its breeding 4-5 to produce degradation phenomena, be subjected to certain restriction in control efficiency with in using for the back parasitic wasp.Simultaneously; utilize Chouioia cunea control fall webworm be one comprise the good species honeybee gather provide, the numerous honeybee of scale substitutes host's screening, preservation, breeding, rejuvenation and release control; the systems technology of a plurality of technology essential factors such as Sustainable Control does not still have this technology at present both at home and abroad.
Technology contents
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of easy operation, efficient, the systematized new method of utilizing parasite Chouioia cunea control fall webworm.
For achieving the above object, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:
The method of Chouioia cunea control fall webworm, this method comprises following technical step:
(1) the accurate authentication method of Chouioia cunea honeybee kind and good honeybee kind provide;
(2) collection of honeybee kind and preservation;
(3) artificial numerous honeybee substitutes host's selection and preservation;
(4) large scale artificial breeding of Chouioia cunea;
(5) rejuvenation of honeybee kind;
(6) method for releasing of Chouioia cunea;
(7) Sustainable Control method.
The accurate authentication method of the good honeybee kind of described Chouioia cunea is: because the Chouioia cunea individuality is little, be difficult to difference with multiple other chalcid fly, the key of utilizing parasitic wasp biological control insect is the accurate evaluation of natural enemy kind.At first find and describe a new novel species that belongs to of delivering because this kind chalcid fly is for we, therefore, have only us can accurately identify this kind chalcid fly and the breeding that this kind chalcid fly is provided at present.This kind principal character is as follows: the female whole chest back side is protuberance, and the metathorax tergite is complete, does not have longitudinal furrow or ridge to divide, and median segment Zhi goes up no ridge and rises; This joint back side angle is blunt, slightly circle; Valve is big, and the distance of itself and median segment leading edge is slightly smaller than the length of valve diameter.The messcutellum both sides are the inferior lateral sulcus of tool not, the rear portion of crown portion after two adaptive ocellis do not had an occipital ridge (though this part suddenly falls and forms 1 angle sometimes), and it is more that the mesoscutum middle period is gone up hair, about at least 30, distribution at random, the hair on two lateral lobes is also a lot.Male being different from the unique feature of its head nibbled other kind of chalcid fly subfamily: the oral cavity open type; Form 1 in the position of clypeus and fall " V " font breach; About clypeus splits into 2; The maxilla base portion is near compound eye below, and the maxilla end is anodontia, and whole maxilla is ligule and is suspended from head both sides under the compound eye; The labio maxillary complex specialization becomes 1 very little block soft structure to shrink in the below, back.
The collection of described honeybee kind and preservation are to gather pupa time fall webworm, and preserve under-5 ℃ of conditions.
The described selection that substitutes numerous honeybee host comprises one or more in dendrolimus spectabilis, dendrolimus tabulaeformis, Chinese scholar tree looper, tussah, leucoma candida staudinder, poplar caterpillar, leucoma candida, Clania variegata Snellen, Yang Xiaozhou moth, poplar two tail boat moths, orchidales hawkmoth, malacosoma neustria, cotton bollworm, papilio xuthus Linnaeus, silkworm, peach sword Autographa spp and the Yang Meng Buddhist nun noctuid; Preservation condition is-5 ℃～5 ℃.
In the alternative host's of described numerous honeybee the preferred dendrolimus spectabilis of selection, dendrolimus tabulaeformis, Yang Meng Buddhist nun noctuid, tussah and the silkworm one or more.
The large scale artificial breeding of described Chouioia cunea is meant and adopts dactylethrae or test tube breeding bee method or open breeding method, every pupa connects 2～50 of honeybees, every pupa connects honeybee and looks the individuality that substitutes host types and pupa and vary in size and do not wait, go out 1～2 day the queen bee inoculation in back with the same day " emergence " or " emergence ", will be put into insulating box by chalcid fly parasitized host pupa after 36 hours or the greenhouse is cultivated.Temperature is according to putting the control of honeybee time, and through our research, the effective accumulated temperature of Chouioia cunea is 365.12 ± 15.56 day degrees, and humidity is 60～80%.
The rejuvenation of described honeybee kind is must carry out after 5～6 generations of artificial propagation, otherwise can cause the honeybee kind to degenerate, thereby directly has influence on quality and the control efficiency of the chalcid fly that is bred.The fall webworm pupa is put into wide-mouth bottle, be hung on woodland, regain after 6 days to raise or cover fall webworm and like the host plant that eats, the white moth larvae of interior input bull with gauze, treat that it pupates, wait to fetch behind these pupas of Chouioia cunea ovipositing hosts of occurring in nature and raise and obtain chalcid fly.
The release method of preventing and treating of described Chouioia cunea is to carry out in the fall webworm phase of pupating, and is to pupate the initial stage fall webworm for the first time, for the second time is after putting honeybee for the first time 7～10 days, and the Sheng of promptly the pupating phase carries out.Select temperature at the sunny calm weather more than 25 ℃ when putting honeybee.It is good that honeybee is put in one day 10～16 o'clock.When putting honeybee, the host's cocoon that honeybee with just beginning to sprout wings is hitched or is directly hung on the branch with rubber band, or follows closely on trunk with pin, allows little bee eclosion fly out, and seeks host's ovipositing hosts; Can directly pipe be placed on butt with what test tube or dactylethrae were bred, unplug tampon, allow chalcid fly fly out.Putting the honeybee amount calculates in the ratio of worm honeybee than 1: 3.
Described sustainable Control method is meant in China, 1 year general generation for two generations of fall webworm requires per generation to put the honeybee secondary, puts 4 controls of honeybee, 2 generation fall webworm continuously, promptly can reach the Sustainable Control effect, and the general parasitic and controlled situation of quilt of crossing mathematical model evaluation fall webworm.
Set up put white moth Zhou Shi chalcid fly behind the honeybee to the parasitic rates of fall webworm and various natural enemy insect to the mathematical model between total parasitic rate of fall webworm: Y=34.90+0.67X.Y wherein: various natural enemy insects are to total parasitic rate of fall webworm; X: Chouioia cunea is separately to the parasitic rates of fall webworm.But with these model research and appraisal fall webworm by sneak case and controlled situation.
Advantage of the present invention is: processing ease, efficient, systematization, and filter out outstanding numerous honeybee and substituted the host, solved the technical barrier of artificial a large amount of numerous honeybees, worked out the suitable bee technology of putting, control fall webworm effect is remarkable.Practice shows, put the honeybee time, put honeybee number of times and enough honeybee amounts of putting as long as conscientiously grasp, generally through 1 year 2 generation fall webworm put 4 controls of honeybee, the harm of fall webworm can be controlled fully.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is Chouioia cunea development duration (theoretical value) and functional relationship of temperature curve map
Fig. 2 is for putting honeybee district and check plot natural enemy parasitic rate comparison diagram
Embodiment
The accurate authenticate technology and the good honeybee kind of the important natural enemy of embodiment 1. fall webworm---Chouioia cunea honeybee kind provide
The discovery of new natural enemy and identify 1984, fall webworm the Wugong County, Shaanxi break out cause disaster after, we have carried out the system investigation of its natural enemy, raise from 4560 fall webworm pupas that collect and have obtained a kind of chalcid fly, its natural parasitic rate reaches 86%.We have carried out deep sort research subsequently, domestic and international amount of literature data and type specimen have been consulted, be defined as a new novel species that belongs to of Insecta Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera) Chalcidoidea (Chalcidoidea) Ji's Chalcididae (Eulophidae) at last, be that Zhou Shi nibbles chalcid fly genus (Chouioia Yang) Chouioia cunea kind (C.cunea Yang), and named and deliver.Thereby for the control fall webworm have been found the excellent parasite of a kind of spy.
Collection and the preservation of 2. kinds of honeybees of embodiment
(1) collection of honeybee kind
In fall webworm pupa time, gather the fall webworm pupa and raise, to obtain the honeybee kind.Feature by the fall webworm pupa of chalcid fly parasitism is: color is gloomy, tarnish; Intersegmental membrane elongates, and can not bounce back; Belly can not be swung; Puparium is thinner, and is frangible.Pick out by parasitic pupa from the white chrysalis of gathering according to above feature and to raise, can bring out the one-tenth honeybee of Chouioia cunea.In order to solve the honeybee kind degenerate problem that the numerous honeybee of Long-term Indoor constant temperature brings, can be with above-mentioned honeybee kind rejuvenation technique, or raised by the fall webworm pupa of parasitism from the occurring in nature collection and to obtain the honeybee kind.
(2) preservation of honeybee kind
The fall webworm pupa that contains the chalcid fly mature larva that gather winter is preserved under-5 ℃ of conditions.Before numerous honeybee pupa is taken out, place under indoor 24～26 ℃ room temperature, treat its emergence.
Embodiment 3. substitutes host's selection and preservation
(1) alternative host's screening of large scale artificial breeding's Chouioia cunea
With time-consuming the taking a lot of work of the numerous honeybee of fall webworm pupa, and bee yield is little, can not satisfy a large amount of needs of producing control.Therefore, we have carried out the screening study that artificial numerous honeybee substitutes the host, and are with low cost to find, and new numerous honeybee that breeding amount is big substitutes the host.
Method: use dendrolimus spectabilis (Dendrolimus spectabilis Butler) respectively, dendrolimus tabulaeformis (D.tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu), gypsymoth (Lymantria dispar L.), Chinese scholar tree looper (Semiothisacinerearia Bremer et Grey), tussah (Antheraea pernyi Guerin-Meneville), leucoma candida staudinder (Ivela ochropoda (Eversmann)), arbor-vitae poison moth (Parocneria furua Leech), poplar caterpillar (Clostera anachoreta Fabricius), leucoma candida (Stilpnotia salicis (L.)), Clania variegata Snellen (Clania variegeta Snellen), Yang Xiaozhou moth (Micromelalopha troglodyte (Graeser)), poplar two tail boat moths (Cerura menciana Moore), orchidales hawkmoth (Smerinthus planusWalker), malacosoma neustria (Malacosoma neustria testacea Motschclsky), cotton bollworm (Heliothia armigera (Hubner)), papilio xuthus Linnaeus (Papilio xuthus L.), silkworm (Bombyxmori L.), peach sword Autographa spp (Acronicta intermedia Warren), the pupa of Yang Meng Buddhist nun noctuid 19 kinds of insects such as (Monima incertaHufnagel) host as an alternative carries out numerous honeybee test.The pupa of gathering these alternative hosts respectively connects the numerous honeybee of honeybee, each test tube or dactylethrae are adorned a pupa, (quantity of honeybee kind can be decided according to the size of pupa to insert kind of a honeybee, it is 2～50, the honeybee quantity that specifically connects of every pupa sees example 3 for details, the propagation method of chalcid fly), uses the absorbent cotton jam-pack mouth of pipe then, place under the room temperature and raise.After about 10～30 days, little bee eclosion and going out is added up its quantity and parasitic rate etc. respectively.
Result: see Table 1.
Table 1 utilizes different host breeding Chouioia cunea result of the test
| Host types | Host's quantity | Go out honeybee host quantity | Parasitic rate (%) | The average bee yield of every host |
| Fall webworms dendrolimus spectabilis gypsymoth dendrolimus tabulaeformis Chinese scholar tree looper tussah silkworm poplar caterpillar leucoma candida Clania variegata Snellen poplar bateau moth poplar two tail boat moth orchidales hawkmoth malacosoma neustria arbor-vitae poison moth bollworm papilio xuthus Linnaeus leucoma candida staudinder peach sword Autographa spp poplar Orthosia incertas | 100 100 50 100 100 80 100 50 50 36 50 40 30 25 15 30 25 415 15 416 | 100 81 2 78 15 78 100 50 46 36 50 40 30 25 0 30 25 47 5 416 | 100 81 4 78 15 98 100 100 92 100 100 100 100 100 0 100 100 11.33 33.33 100 | 259 382 396 1010 60 6552 468 287 221 268 236 325 532 525 - 268 296 263 415 531 |
Conclusion: except that arbor-vitae poison moth and gypsymoth, other host can breed normal Chouioia cunea.Explanation utilizes other 17 kinds of insect pupas all to can be used as the alternative host of artificial numerous honeybee except the fall webworm pupa that will prevent and treat.But best with dendrolimus spectabilis, dendrolimus tabulaeformis, Yang Meng Buddhist nun noctuid, tussah, the numerous honeybee effect of silkworm pupa, particularly use overwinter generation tussah chrysalis and silkworm pupa for substituting the host, cheap because of it is drawn materials easily, the chalcid fly amount that breeds greatly, stalwartness, very economical; In addition, the more important thing is and utilize dendrolimus spectabilis, dendrolimus tabulaeformis and the numerous honeybee of Yang Meng Buddhist nun noctuid to turn bane into boon that because these 3 kinds of insects are the crucial defoliator of China, the artificial pupa of gathering these insects can be used for breeding Chouioia cunea when control.Purchase the dynamics that the pupas of this several insects can also strengthen preventing and treating these three kinds of insects with lower price.
(2) alternative host's preservation technology
Under-5 ℃ low temperature, tame silk cocoon, tussah cocoon are preserved after 360 days chalcid fly still can normally parasitic numerous honeybee, and other host's pupa storage life under 5 ℃～8 ℃ condition also can reach about 100 days, can guarantee in 1 year the needs numerous honeybee of fall webworm emergence period.
The breeding of embodiment 4. chalcid flies
(1) numerous honeybee method
Artificial numerous honeybee is adopted dactylethrae or test tube breeding bee method and open breeding method.
Dissect in the research Chouioia cunea queen bee genital system according to us and find that it is 270.5 that its of every queen bee on average contains the ovum amount, therefore, during with the numerous honeybee of fall webworm pupa, every pupa connects 2 of honeybees.Other numerous honeybee host connects the honeybee amount and determines according to the individual size of the pupa that substitutes the host: dendrolimus spectabilis connects 8 of honeybees, dendrolimus tabulaeformis connects 8 of honeybees, the Chinese scholar tree looper connects 2 of honeybees, tussah connects 30～50 of honeybees, silkworm connects 5 of honeybees, poplar caterpillar connects 2 of honeybees, leucoma candida connects 5 of honeybees, Clania variegata Snellen connects 5 of honeybees, the Yang Xiaozhou moth connects 2 of honeybees, poplar two tail boat moths connect 8 of honeybees, orchidales hawkmoth connects 8 of honeybees, malacosoma neustria connects 5～8 of honeybees, cotton bollworm connects 3～5 of honeybees, papilio xuthus Linnaeus connects 5 of honeybees, leucoma candida staudinder connects 2 of honeybees, peach sword Autographa spp connects 3 of honeybees, Yang Meng Buddhist nun noctuid connects 3 of honeybees.
Connect honeybee with the queen bee that sprouted wings out the same day during artificial numerous honeybee, or sprout wings 1～2 day the queen bee in back and connect honeybee.Chalcid fly just can be finished the process of laying eggs after 24～36 hours, will be put into insulating box by chalcid fly parasitized host pupa, or places numerous honeybee chamber of temperature controllable to cultivate.Temperature controlling is seen (2) according to the Time Calculation that the distance fall webworm pupate---the control technology of temp. and humidity during artificial numerous honeybee.
At first will substitute host's cocoon during numerous honeybee and from refrigerating chamber, take out, and select healthy and strong pupa according to outward appearance, cocoon indexs such as cranium buttocks plate color heavy, pupa and be used for numerous honeybee.For the thicker tussah of cocoon, silkworm, cocoon should be peelled off or cut opening before connecing honeybee, be beneficial to the chalcid fly parasitism.For the alternative host's pupa that has only thin cocoon, chalcid fly can break host's cocoon voluntarily by the teeth and lay eggs, thereby need not handle.During the numerous honeybee of test tube 2～3 alternative host's pupas are put into pipe, insert kind of a honeybee then, tampon gets final product beyond the Great Wall.Open numerous honeybee is a plurality of alternative host's pupas to be concentrated be placed in the bigger closed box, inserts the honeybee kind, places numerous honeybee chamber to get final product.When utilizing tussah, the numerous honeybee of silkworm, the another kind that we the create technology different with present all numerous honeybee methods is: cocoon is cut Yi Changkou, from then on insert kind of a honeybee in the mouth, close then and cover this mouthful, tie a rubber band, the pupa bee hatching rate that newly connects with regard to assurance reaches 100% like this.
(2) control technology of temp. and humidity during artificial numerous honeybee
Through our research, the threshold of development of Chouioia cunea is 6.14 ± 0.83 ℃, and effective accumulated temperature is 365.12 ± 15.56 day degrees.Available life is temperature required when method is calculated numerous honeybee, also can utilize development duration and the functional relationship of temperature curve map of the chalcid fly that we make according to research institute to determine (Fig. 1).When utilizing this curve map, according to putting the honeybee control time (fate) (being the fall webworm apparition in pupa time), draw a straight line arrival curve, the temperature that the corresponding temperature value in curve below should adopt when being artificial numerous honeybee from ordinate.
Indoor humidity during artificial numerous honeybee generally is controlled at 60～80%, and numerous honeybee is respond well.
The rejuvenation technique of embodiment 5. honeybee kinds
For preventing under the constant temperature that the artificial propagation Chouioia cunea causes chalcid fly to degenerate, influence parasitism and control efficiency, after 5～6 generations of artificial propagation, need carry out the rejuvenation of honeybee kind.We have adopted two kinds of methods: the one, the fall webworm pupa is put into wide-mouth bottle, and bottleneck is hung on woodland with allowing the spun yarn net overspread that chalcid fly passes through, and regains after 6 days and raises.The 2nd, cover the host plant of fall webworm happiness food with suitable gauze, the white moth larvae of interior input bull allows it get food, to pupate, treat these pupas of Chouioia cunea ovipositing hosts of occurring in nature after, fetch indoor feeding then.Evidence, these two kinds of methods are all very successful.
Embodiment 6. Chouioia cuneas discharge in the field and utilize
(1) puts the honeybee time
The best period of putting honeybee control is that fall webworm pupate the phase, and a generation puts the secondary honeybee, is to pupate the initial stage fall webworm for the first time, and another time is after putting honeybee for the first time 7～10 days, the Sheng of promptly the pupating phase.Select temperature at the sunny weather more than 25 ℃ when putting honeybee, 10～16 o'clock in one day put honeybee, and this moment is bright and clear, and humidity is little, is beneficial to chalcid fly flight and seeks host's ovipositing hosts.
(2) put the honeybee method
When putting honeybee, the host's cocoon that honeybee with just beginning to sprout wings is hitched or is directly hung on the branch with rubber band, or with pin nail on trunk, allow little bee eclosion and go out to seek host's ovipositing hosts.With the breeding of test tube or dactylethrae can directly pipe be placed on butt, unplug tampon, wait to allow chalcid fly all fly out after, reclaim test tube at last, in order to using again.
(3) put determining of honeybee amount
The generation area of putting honeybee amount and not being by fall webworm calculates, but determines according to the generating capacity of fall webworm.According to our research, a chalcid fly can parasiticly be eliminated fall webworm, in order to guarantee control efficiency and to prevent the chalcid fly influence of natural world disadvantage factor to discharging, we adopt the method for putting the honeybee amount that strengthens, and are that 1: 3 ratio determines to put the honeybee amount with insect and chalcid fly ratio.Putting the honeybee amount calculates by following formula:
TN＝W×EN×3
(TN: always put the honeybee amount, W: fall webworm net curtain number, EN: the white moth larvae par of the U.S. in every net curtain)
Always putting the honeybee amount in the control district determines according to the quantity of fall webworm.Method is the juvenile stage the fall webworm larva, and clip net curtain is 10 at random, investigates the larva quantity in each net curtain, obtains mean value.This Qu that checks in during again according to generaI investigation always nets the total quantity that act number calculates fall webworm.According to above-mentioned formula, calculate at last and put the honeybee total amount.
Embodiment 7. control efficiency of the present invention and Sustainable Control technology
For investigate and understand chalcid fly and discharge after parasitism and control efficiency, we set up put white moth Zhou Shi chalcid fly behind the honeybee to the parasitic rates of fall webworm and various natural enemy insect to the mathematical model between total parasitic rate of fall webworm: Y=34.90+0.67X is Y wherein: various natural enemy insects are to total parasitic rate of fall webworm; X: Chouioia cunea is separately to the parasitic rates of fall webworm.Like this, after release utilizes Chouioia cunea to carry out the biological control of fall webworm, as long as the parasitic rate of investigation Chouioia cunea just can utilize above-mentioned equation to extrapolate total parasitic rate of various days hostile fall webworm, can significantly reduce the workload of investigation.
Over 6 years, we are total to 35.422 hundred million of numerous honeybees, on Zhuanghe City, Dalian, Pulandian City, Wafangdian City, Jinzhou District, Ganjingzi District, Lvshunkou District and other places, ground such as Yantai City, Shandong Province Zhifu District, Laishan District, Long Island City, Longkou City, Mouping District, Fushan District, development zone, Peng Lai, ground such as Tianjin City Tanggu district, development zone, Hangu District, Jinnan District, Hebei District, Ninghe County, ground such as forest farm, beach, Qinhuangdao, Hebei province, shipyard, forest farm, the Bohai Sea and Guanzhong discharge, the control area reaches 52.2 ten thousand mu, has obtained desirable control efficiency (seeing Table 2).
Through the control of continuous four the release chalcid flies of 1 year two generation fall webworm, Chouioia cunea reaches 88.02% at the highest parasitic rate in these areas, and average 67.74%; And the check plot parasitic rate has only 4.69～12.90%.Because putting the honeybee district forbids using chemical pesticide; protected other natural enemy (chase after post fly, gypsymoth melanoma ichneumon wasp etc. as Japan, the black rod of white moth is nibbled chalcid fly etc.); thereby the total parasitic rate of natural enemy of putting the fall webworm pupa in honeybee district has on average reached 90.25%; be up to 96.28%; effectively controlled fall webworm population quantity and cause harm; obtain remarkable prevention effect, and reached the effect of Sustainable Control.
Put the area after the honeybee control, because higher population quantity and the stronger parasitic ability of Chouioia cunea, make the very fast decline of quantity of fall webworm.Add the parasitism and the predation of other natural enemy insect of occurring in nature, causing harm of fall webworm is under control very soon.What have puts honeybee district such as Xibei Forest College campus, Shaanxi Yangling District, Fufeng County, Shaanxi Jiang Zhangzhen etc., and the parasitic rate of Chouioia cunea and other parasite reaches more than 95%, and more than ten years end is found this insect more continuously.The fall webworm of the Zhuanghe of Daliang City, Pulandian had obtained effective control effect obvious to all in the last few years.
Table 2 Zhou Shi nibbles the sneak case investigation of natural enemy insect such as chalcid fly to the fall webworm pupa
| Put the honeybee place | Put the honeybee time | Investigation pupa number (head) | The parasitic number (head) of Chouioia cunea | Parasitic rate % | The parasitic number (head) of other natural enemy 1) | Parasitic rate % | Total parasitic rate % | |
| Dalian | The high fort of Zhuanghe | 1996.9 | 600 | 388 | 64.67(±3.82) 2) | 164 | 27.33(±3.57) | 92.00(±2.17) |
| Contrast | 64 | 3 | 4.69(±5.18) | 2 | 3.13(±4.27) | 7.82(±6.58) | ||
| The Zhuanghe The Solitary Hill | 1998.7 | 100 | 62 | 62.00(±9.51) | 21 | 21.00(±7.98) | 83.00(±7.36) | |
| Zhuanghe's lotus mountain | 1999.9 | 113 | 78 | 69.03(±8.53) | 25 | 22.12(±7.65) | 91.15(±5.24) | |
| Mountain, Zhuanghe city | 1999.9 | 100 | 58 | 58.00(±9.67) | 24 | 24.00(±8.37) | 82.00(±7.53) | |
| Zhuanghe's contrast | 100 | 6 | 6.00(±4.65) | 5 | 5.00(±4.27) | 11.00(±6.13) | ||
| Yantai | The PORT OF LONGKOU goldenrain tree | 1999.9 | 263 | 163 | 61.98(±5.88) | 89 | 33.84(±5.72) | 95.82(±2.42) |
| Longkou Huang Heying | 1999.9 | 839 | 463 | 55.18(±3.37) | 221 | 26.34(±2.98) | 81.52(±2.63) | |
| The Longkou contrast | 1999.9 | 378 | 45 | 11.90(±3.26) | 98 | 25.93(±4.42) | 37.83(±4.89) | |
| The horse keeping island | 1999.10 | 348 | 226 | 64.94(±5.01) | 97 | 27.87(±4.71) | 92.81(±2.71) | |
| Contrast | 1999.10 | 461 | 69 | 14.97(±3.26) | 116 | 25.16(±3.96) | 40.13(±4.47) | |
| Long Island | 1999.10 | 1350 | 703 | 52.07(±2.66) | 421 | 31.19(±2.47) | 83.26(±1.99) | |
| Contrast | 1999.10 | 973 | 116 | 11.92(±2.04) | 272 | 27.95(±2.81) | 39.87(±3.08) | |
| Tianjin | Tanggu District is abundant rich | 1998.2 | 89 | 62 | 69.66(±9.55) | 18 | 20.23(±8.34) | 89.88(±6.27) |
| Tanggu District is abundant rich | 1997.9 | 188 | 115 | 61.17(±6.97) | 49 | 26.06(±6.27) | 87.23(±4.77) | |
| Dongli District | 1997.9 | 184 | 122 | 66.30(±6.83) | 47 | 25.54(±6.30) | 91.84(±3.96) | |
| The Tanggu District contrast | 1997.9 | 78 | 6 | 7.69(±5.91) | 11 | 14.10(±7.72) | 21.79(±9.16) | |
| Shaanxi | Xibei Forest College | 1988.6 | 242 | 213 | 88.02(±4.09) | 20 | 8.26(±3.47) | 96.28(±2.38) |
| Contrast | 1988.6 | 128 | 10 | 7.81(±4.65) | 11 | 8.59(±4.85) | 16.40(±6.41) | |
| The deep red account in Fufeng | 1989.6 | 425 | 310 | 72.94(±4.22) | 66 | 15.53(±3.44) | 88.47(±3.04) | |
| Contrast | 1989.6 | 206 | 18 | 8.74(±3.86) | 22 | 10.68(±4.22) | 19.42(±5.40) | |
| 5702 factories | 1989.7 | 312 | 235 | 75.32(±4.78) | 58 | 18.59(±4.32) | 93.91(±2.65) | |
| Contrast | 1989.7 | 102 | 9 | 8.82(±5.50) | 10 | 9.80(±5.77) | 18.62(±7.55) | |
| Xinping Ran Zhuan | 1993.7 | 286 | 235 | 82.17(±4.44) | 39 | 13.64(±3.98) | 95.81(±2.32) | |
| Contrast | 1993.7 | 58 | 6 | 10.34(±7.84) | 7 | 12.07(±8.38) | 22.41(±10.73) | |
| Qinhuangdao | The shipyard | 1997.6 | 148 | 102 | 68.92(±7.46) | 38 | 25.68(±7.04) | 94.60(±3.64) |
| Contrast | 1997.6 | 62 | 8 | 12.90(±8.34) | 4 | 6.45(±6.11) | 19.35(±9.83) | |
| Hand over the Jianli (CV 11) sub-district | 1997.7 | 206 | 163 | 79.13(±5.55) | 32 | 15.53(±4.95) | 94.66(±3.07) | |
| Contrast | 1997.7 | 76 | 8 | 10.53(±6.90) | 6 | 7.89(±6.06) | 18.42(±8.72) | |
1): other natural enemy is mainly: Japan chases after posts fly, gypsymoth melanoma ichneumon wasp, and white moth is sent Ji chalcid fly, and the black rod of white moth is nibbled chalcid fly etc.
2): the numeral in the bracket is the confidence interval value of 95% o'clock parasitic rate for the bi-distribution confidence level.
In addition, by investigating, can obviously find out the control efficiency of putting honeybee to putting the worm strain rate that has of putting before and after the honeybee in the honeybee district.Three Dao Wan airports of Daliang City's Jinzhou District, tape factory are fall webworm worm seedbed originally, and the worm strain rate that has of second generation fall webworm generation in 1994 is about 80%, and indivedual plot trees leaf has the phenomenon of being eaten up.Put honeybee through continuous 5 times and prevent and treat, the worm strain rate that has of the white moth of the second generation in 1999 drops to below 0.1%.Zhuanghe City, Wafangdian City, Pulandian City put that honeybee control district second generation fall webworm in 1997 take place worm strain rate 5～8% arranged, put the honeybee control for 4 times through continuous two generations, the worm strain rate that has of second generation fall webworm in 1999 drops to below 0.1～2%, has controlled harm fully.
As shown in Figure 2, the parasitic rate of putting honeybee district day hostile fall webworm increases greatly.We make the parasitic rate comparison diagram with the parasitic rate of Chouioia cunea, other natural enemy and the natural parasitic rate of check plot natural enemy.
Because the fertility of Chouioia cunea is strong, can accrue at natural world after the release, in addition its secondary host more (reaching 7 kinds) through our investigation.Therefore, after artificial the release, Chouioia cunea is fall webworm two pupa time in generation (fall webworm were taken place for two generations in a year), can on these alternate hosts, shift parasitic, thereby can keep higher population density, can long-term role on the population quantity of control fall webworm, make fall webworm remain on the extremely low state that does not cause disaster.And this biological control technology is free from environmental pollution, and is to people and animals and sericulture safety, economical, effective.If popularize in an all-round way in China's fall webworm generating region, the target of controlling fall webworm fully will realize fully.
Claims (3)
1, the method for Chouioia cunea control fall webworm is characterized in that this method comprises following technical step:
(1) the accurate authentication method of Chouioia cunea honeybee kind and good honeybee kind provide;
(2) collection of honeybee kind and preservation: gather pupa time fall webworm, and under-5 ℃ of conditions, preserve;
(3) artificial numerous honeybee substitutes host's selection and preservation: selection comprises one or more in dendrolimus spectabilis, dendrolimus tabulaeformis, Chinese scholar tree looper, tussah, leucoma candida staudinder, poplar caterpillar, leucoma candida, male Clania variegata Snellen, Yang Xiaozhou moth, poplar two tail boat moths, orchidales hawkmoth, malacosoma neustria, cotton bollworm, papilio xuthus Linnaeus, silkworm, peach sword Autographa spp and the Yang Meng Buddhist nun noctuid; Preservation condition is-5 ℃～5 ℃;
(4) large scale artificial breeding of Chouioia cunea: adopt dactylethrae or test tube breeding bee method or open breeding method, every pupa connects 2～50 of honeybees, go out 1～2 day the queen bee in back with the same day " emergence " or " emergence " and connect honeybee, to be put into insulating box by chalcid fly parasitized host pupa after 36 hours or the greenhouse is cultivated, adopting effective accumulated temperature is 365.12 ± 15.56 day degrees, humidity is that 60～80% condition is bred, and guarantees to go out honeybee on time and is used for control;
(5) rejuvenation of honeybee kind: after 5～6 generations of artificial propagation, carry out, the fall webworm pupa is put into wide-mouth bottle, be hung on woodland, regain the host plant of raising or covering fall webworm happiness food with gauze after 6 days, the interior white moth larvae of bull of throwing in, treat that it pupates, fetch raising behind these pupas of Chouioia cunea ovipositing hosts of occurring in nature;
(6) release of Chouioia cunea: carry out in the fall webworm phase of pupating, fall webworm are put the secondary honeybee from generation to generation, are to pupate the initial stage fall webworm for the first time, for the second time are after putting honeybee for the first time 7～10 days; Select temperature at the sunny weather more than 25 ℃ when putting honeybee, honeybee is put in one day 10～16 o'clock; When putting honeybee, the host's cocoon that honeybee with just beginning to sprout wings is hitched with rubber band or is directly hung on the branch, or with pin nail on trunk, allow little bee eclosion and go out, seek host's ovipositing hosts, can directly pipe be placed on butt with test tube or dactylethrae breeding, unplug tampon, allow chalcid fly fly out, reclaim test tube at last, in order to using again; Putting the honeybee amount calculates in the ratio of worm honeybee than 1: 3;
(7) Sustainable Control method: in China, 1 year general generation for two generations of fall webworm requires per generation to put the honeybee secondary, puts 4 controls of honeybee, 2 generation fall webworm continuously, reaching the Sustainable Control effect, and general cross mathematical model estimate fall webworm by parasitic and controlled situation.
2, the method for Chouioia cunea control fall webworm according to claim 1 is characterized in that: one or more in described alternative host's selection dendrolimus spectabilis, dendrolimus tabulaeformis, Yang Meng Buddhist nun noctuid, tussah and the silkworm.
3, the method for white moth Zhou Shi chalcid fly control fall webworm according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described mathematical model is Y=34.90+0.67X; Wherein, Y: various natural enemy insects are to total parasitic rate of fall webworm; X: Chouioia cunea is separately to the parasitic rates of fall webworm.
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