CN112400812B - Method for preserving local variety Yao silkworm resource of special purpose silkworm - Google Patents
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- CN112400812B CN112400812B CN202011474803.2A CN202011474803A CN112400812B CN 112400812 B CN112400812 B CN 112400812B CN 202011474803 A CN202011474803 A CN 202011474803A CN 112400812 B CN112400812 B CN 112400812B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for nursing local variety resources of domestic silkworms with special purposes, which comprises the steps of feeding and preserving two batches of local variety resources of domestic silkworms in one year, and respectively carrying out species conservation feeding in 3 months and 9 months; the breeding environment conditions are 25 ℃ and about 70% RH; increasing the quantity of harvested ants to expand the population, ensuring that the ratio of black silkworms to white silkworms is equal, carrying out original ecological breeding, not stopping mulberry, naturally eliminating weak and small individuals, not carrying out artificial selection intervention, spinning on a flat plate, not cocooning, naturally pupating after spinning, and freely mating; finally, quarantine inspection of the disease of the single moth corpuscle of the female moths is carried out. The method can provide technical reference for the protection of local silkworm variety resources, and can maintain the special characters of the local special silkworm variety to the maximum extent while ensuring that the variety resources are not dead.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of protection, breeding and application of silkworm variety resources, and particularly relates to a method for breeding local variety Yao silkworm resources of silkworms with special purposes.
Background
The popularization and application of the improved silkworm breed lead to the depletion of the local silkworm breed, and the local resources are abnormally deficient. In recent years, the cultivated silkworm variety Yao silkworm is found in the Guangxi Nandan county where the white trouser Yao nationality congregates, wherein the cultivated silkworm has the advantages of self reproduction, self breeding and self use, and the history is long and the inheritance is continuous. The Yao silkworm is bred in each household every year, and six or seven silks are produced, so that the local silkworm breeding system is self-sufficient. The variety of the dried silkworm is bred from Nandan white trousers Yao nationality in Song Dynasty from Hunan, guizhou and other places, and the record in the book of xi Mang Xiao of Song Dynasty is: the mulberry tree is a local variety with pure ancestry, and is mainly distributed in the lake in Nandan county and 29 villages in eight Yao nations. The white trouser Yao silkworm is mainly characterized in that the fineness and the uniformity are fine, flat silks are spitted, the silks are natural golden yellow and are trimolters, the flat silks are prepared after local people raise the silks, and then the silks are embroidered on clothes and skirts. The skirt is considered to be beautiful only by silk on the skirt by the white trousers yaoyuan, the skirt is high-grade clothes, and the manual method for pressing the edge of the silk skirt is not changed for hundreds of years. The method for feeding Yao silkworms by using white trouser Yao cells is not used for reeling silk and is used for producing 'flat silk', and the domestication mode is different from the domestication of the current silkworm varieties. The Bai trouser Yao is considered as the most complete ethnic group reserved for ethnic culture by the textbook organization of the United nations, and is called as 'activated stone of human culture', and the ethnic culture of the Bai trouser Yao is indistinguishable from the Yao silkworm culture. The application of the Yao silkworm flat filament relates to a plurality of aspects of the social culture forms of the Bai trouser Yao, such as dress culture, soul belief and the like. The Nandan Yao silkworm flat filament is evaluated as a geographical marking product by the nation in 2020, so the Yao silkworm has precious scientific and commercial value.
However, the silkworm breeding conditions are poor, the technology is backward and the management is extensive; the disease prevention consciousness of silkworm breeding of the white trouser Yao cells is slight, and the silkworm diseases are serious; the number of workers outside the Bai trouser Yao is increased; the source of the silkworm eggs of the white trousers Yao is gradually reduced and endangered to be extinct due to external impact and other reasons such as tourism development and the like. Therefore, the collection and preservation work of the variety resources of the Yao silkworm needs to be carried out, but the traditional silkworm breeding and subculture mode is greatly different from the mode of self-reproduction and self-breeding of the Yao cell of the white trousers at home, so that an appropriate method for pertinently researching the local variety resources of the Yao silkworm is urgently needed to maintain the special properties of the Yao silkworm to the maximum extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for preserving local variety Yao silkworm resources of special-purpose silkworms, which can provide technical reference for the preservation of local variety resources of the local silkworms and can maintain the special characters of the local special varieties of the silkworms to the maximum extent.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for nursing local variety resources of silkworms comprises feeding and preserving two batches of silkworm in one year, and respectively feeding in 3 months and 9 months for maintaining the seed properties; the breeding environment conditions are 25 ℃ and about 70% RH; increasing the quantity of harvested ants to expand the population, ensuring that the ratio of black silkworms to white silkworms is equal, carrying out original ecological breeding, not stopping mulberries, naturally eliminating weak and small individuals, not carrying out artificial selection intervention, spinning on a flat plate, not cocooning, naturally pupating after spinning, and carrying out self mating; finally, the disease quarantine of the single moth microparticles of the female moths is carried out.
The local variety of the silkworm is Yao silkworm with white trousers.
The method for nursing local variety resources of silkworms comprises the following steps: hastening green, raising, treating mature silkworm and silking, protection in pupal stage and eclosion mating, laying eggs and quarantine.
The hastening green is carried out according to the following operation: and (3) putting the silkworm eggs to the condition that the temperature is 25 ℃ and the relative humidity is more than 80% for hatching until hatching.
The breeding was performed as follows:
<1> control of feeding environment
The temperature of the whole year is controlled to be about 25 ℃ and the relative humidity is controlled to be about 70% when the feed is raised, and the whole year is naturally illuminated;
<2> method for raising Formica rufa and young silkworms
The quantity of the collected ants is 24 moths per area, 2-3 areas are collected each time, and the quantity of the collected ants is ensured to be large enough; sand is not removed from 1 to 3 instars, and if the density of silkworms is too high or the silkworms are not developed uniformly, the silkworms are divided into nests without being extracted green, so that the weak and small silkworms are naturally eliminated;
<3> rearing of silkworms
Controlling the feeding density as follows: breeding 250-300 sand nests of 100cm 50cm 5cm; the mulberry leaves are mixed with young leaves of old leaves for feeding, and the young leaves are fed; during breeding, the white and black ratio of the larva of the Yao silkworm is equal by observing.
The mature silkworm and spinning treatment is carried out according to the following operations: catching the mature silkworm when the mature silkworm is slightly transparent or even has a little blue head, putting the mature silkworm on a piece of straw paper for half a day of defecation, and then putting the mature silkworm in the center of a smooth round wood board (horizontally placed) with the diameter of 1 m to make the mature silkworm spin; 300 silkworms are placed on one wood board, and the ratio of black silkworms to white silkworms is equal to that of the black silkworms; during the period, silkworms which climb out of the wooden boards and form cocoons are found and eliminated; if the matured silkworms are not identical in time, matured silkworms may be placed on the plate in batches, but care is taken to enlarge the white silkworms and black silkworms on the same plate in a similar ratio.
Pupal stage protection and eclosion mating are operated as follows: after silking of the silkworm, the silkworm exuviates and pupates on the flat plate. Pupating for 96 hours, transferring the pupa from the flat plate to a seed making grid paved with grass paper for protection when the pupa is yellow brown until the pupa is naturally feathered; the Yao silkworm naturally feathers and then self-copulates, the mated silkworm moths are transferred to the sand nest at nine am, and the silkworm moths are separated at three points in the afternoon.
Spawning and quarantine protection are operated as follows: selecting female moths which are mated at three points in the afternoon of the mating day, and placing the female moths on silkworm seed paper to lay eggs; randomly selecting 280 female moths each time to be placed in a moth ring, allowing a single moth to lay eggs for about 18 hours, and stopping laying eggs; collecting mother moths and carrying out inspection and quarantine on single moths; according to the results of female moth inspection and quarantine, the unqualified silkworm eggs are eliminated, and the qualified silkworm eggs are selected for standby.
The method for nursing local variety resources of silkworms further comprises a silkworm seed treatment step, which is carried out according to the following steps: the prepared silkworm eggs are protected for 3-5 days in an environment with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of about 80 percent, and then enter a refrigeration house for protection, and the prepared silkworm eggs are refrigerated according to two types: half of the seeds are mother seeds and are refrigerated for 3-5 months; the other half of the seeds are spare seeds and are refrigerated for 6-12 months.
Aiming at the problems existing in the current silkworm variety resource protection, particularly the fact that the white trouser Yao silkworms are nearly endangered, the inventor simulates an original ecological breeding mode, establishes a method for breeding local variety resources of the special-purpose silkworms, and carries out two batches of breeding and preservation in one year, and breed keeping breeding in 3 months and 9 months respectively; the breeding environment conditions are 25 ℃ and about 70% RH; increasing the quantity of harvested ants to expand the population, ensuring that the ratio of black silkworms to white silkworms is equal, carrying out original ecological breeding, not stopping mulberry, naturally eliminating weak and small individuals, not carrying out artificial selection intervention, spinning on a flat plate, not cocooning, naturally pupating after spinning, and freely mating; finally, the disease quarantine of the single moth microparticles of the female moths is carried out. The method can provide technical reference for the protection of local silkworm variety resources, and can maintain the special characters of the local special silkworm variety to the maximum extent while ensuring that the variety resources are not dead.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following outstanding advantages:
compared with the breeding mode of the Yao silkworm origin place, the method has the advantages that the two sets of the mother species and the standby species are bred and stored twice a year in batches, and the risk of seed breakage can be reduced.
At present, the subtropical zone silkworm variety resources in China are all bred in a high-temperature and high-humidity (30 ℃ and RH more than 90%) environment, and a resource preservation method which is mainly used for preserving and domesticating production characters such as robustness and economic characters of the variety and takes other biological characteristics as auxiliary materials is adopted. The invention starts from the biological characteristics of the Yao silkworm, refers to the original ecological breeding environment conditions (25 ℃, RH is about 70 percent) and the breeding method, starts from special characters such as spinning and eclosion seed production, reduces the human intervention and manual selection as much as possible, and protects the protogenic state of the population to the maximum extent. Compared with the resource protection of the conventional subtropical silkworm varieties, the method respects the original ecological requirements of resources and is more beneficial to the maintenance of the properties of the silkworm.
<3> in the Yao silkworm subculture process in rural areas, the seed production and the breeding are random, so that the ratio of white silkworms to black silkworms is disordered, and silkworms with black body color gradually disappear; the invention increases the quantity of the harvested ants to expand the population, pays attention to the ratio of black silkworms to white silkworms, adopts original ecological breeding, naturally eliminates weak and small individuals without artificial selection intervention, and adopts flat plate silking, no cocooning, natural pupation and free mating, thereby meeting the special requirements of special resources and being more beneficial to inheritance.
After silkworms are threshed, the silkworms are still placed in the original positions for molting and pupating without touching or vibrating, the constant temperature and humidity of the environment are ensured, and the pupation rate and the pupal survival rate are effectively improved.
<5> inspection and quarantine are not paid attention to in the traditional breeding and subculture process of Yao silkworm, micro-particle disease is high, and population is gradually reduced. In the simulated original ecological breeding mode, the modern production mode of independent inspection and quarantine of the female moths is added, the threat of extinct plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, and the resource characteristic is stored more safely and reliably.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the situation of the invention when the invention is used for breeding the nest of Yao silkworm.
FIG. 2 shows the situation that the cultivated Yao silkworm is spitted on a round wood board.
Detailed Description
Yao silkworm number 17 nursing example
1. Hastening the effect of green
And (3) putting the Yao silkworm No. 17 silkworm (collected in the early stage and subjected to quarantine inspection and detoxification) under the conditions that the temperature is 25 ℃ and the relative humidity is more than 80% for hastening the green growth until hatching.
2. Raising
<1> control of feeding environment
In view of the temperature and humidity conditions of the Yao silkworm in the original place and the characteristics of no high temperature and humidity resistance, the temperature of the whole year is controlled to be about 25 ℃ and the relative humidity is about 70% when the Yao silkworm is raised in a laboratory, and the whole year is naturally illuminated.
<2> method for raising Formica fusca and young silkworm
The quantity of the collected ants is 24 moths per area, and 2-3 areas are collected each time, so that the sufficient quantity of the collected ants is ensured. And (4) the silkworms of 1 to 3 ages are not removed of sand, and if the density of the silkworms is too high or the silkworms are not developed uniformly, the silkworms are separated into nests but are not raised green, so that the weak and small silkworms are naturally eliminated.
<3> rearing of silkworms
The breeding density and the mulberry quantity are controlled in the silkworm rearing period, and the breeding quantity is artificially and randomly eliminated and is controlled to be about 8 litters.
Controlling the feeding density as follows: breeding 250-300 heads in 100cm 50cm 5cm sand nest; the mulberry leaves are mixed with young leaves of old leaves for feeding, and the young leaves are fed. In addition, the body color of the larva of the Yao silkworm is white and black, the ratio of the larva is equal by observing during breeding, and the larva cannot be artificially selected and eliminated, so that the variety resource characteristics are lost.
3. Processing of matured silkworms and spinning
Because of the special domestication of the spit flat silks of Yao silkworms for hundreds of years, the mature silkworms have the behaviors of drilling towards the bottom of leaves and the untidy silkworms, and the like, after the mature silkworms are caught, the mature silkworms cannot be caught thoroughly and should be caught completely. When the silk is slightly transparent and even has a bit of blue head, the silk is grabbed out, put on a piece of straw paper for half a day to discharge excrement, then put in the center of a smooth round wood board (horizontally placed) with the diameter of 1 m to be spinned, in order to ensure that the spinned flat silk is cleaner, a layer of nylon net with small holes can be paved on the wood board, and 300 silkworms are placed on one wood board. During the period, silkworms which climb out of the wood plate and have cocoons are found and eliminated. If the matured silkworms are not in the same time, matured silkworms may be placed on the plate in batches, but care is taken to approximate the ratio of white silkworms to black silkworms on the same plate.
4. Pupal stage protection and eclosion mating
And after silking of the dried-scallop, automatically molting and pupating on the flat plate. Because the silkworm pupae are not protected by cocoon shells, the silkworm pupae are cut and cannot be touched or vibrated in the pupation process from spinning to peeling after silking and size reduction under the naked state, the environment is kept quiet, and the temperature and humidity of the pupae are kept constant. Pupating for 96 hours, transferring the pupa from the flat plate to a seed making grid paved with grass paper for protection when the pupa is yellow brown until the pupa is naturally eclosized; the Yao silkworm naturally feathers and then self-copulates, the mated silkworm moths are transferred to the sand nest at nine am, and the silkworm moths are separated at three points in the afternoon.
5. Spawning and quarantine protection
Selecting female moths which are mated at three points in the afternoon of the mating day, and placing the female moths on silkworm seed paper to lay eggs; randomly selecting 280 moths each time, allowing the single moths to lay eggs for about 18 hours, and stopping laying eggs; collecting mother moths and carrying out inspection and quarantine on single moths; according to the result of female moth inspection and quarantine, the unqualified silkworm seeds are eliminated, the qualified silkworm seeds are selected and retained, and the silkworm seeds are treated
The prepared silkworm eggs are protected for 3-5 days in an environment with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of about 80 percent, and then enter a refrigeration house for protection, and the prepared silkworm eggs are refrigerated according to two types: half of the seeds are mother seeds and are refrigerated for 3-5 months; the other half of the seeds are standby seeds and are refrigerated for 6-12 months. And (4) selecting the mother seeds for ex-warehouse green-forcing and breeding during next subculture, and if the current breeding is unsuccessful, taking the mother seeds out of the warehouse for standby breeding.
Claims (5)
1. A method for nursing local variety resources of silkworms with special purposes is characterized in that: feeding and preserving for two batches in one year, and respectively carrying out seed character maintaining feeding in 3 months and 9 months; increasing the quantity of harvested ants to expand the population, ensuring that the ratio of black silkworms to white silkworms is equal, carrying out original ecological breeding, not stopping mulberry, naturally eliminating weak and small individuals, not carrying out artificial selection intervention, spinning on a flat plate, not cocooning, naturally pupating after spinning, and freely mating; finally, quarantine inspection of disease of single moth microparticles of female moths; the method comprises the following steps: hastening green, raising, treating mature silkworm and silking, protecting pupal stage and eclosion mating, laying eggs and quarantine; the local variety of the silkworm is a white-trouser Yao silkworm;
the breeding is operated as follows:
<1> control of feeding environment
The temperature of the whole year is controlled at 25 ℃ and the relative humidity is 70 percent during feeding, and the whole year is naturally illuminated;
<2> method for raising Formica fusca and young silkworm
Collecting 24 moths per area, and collecting 2-3 areas per time; sand is not removed from 1 to 3 instars, and if the density of silkworms is too high or the silkworms are not developed uniformly, the silkworms are divided into nests without being extracted green, so that the weak and small silkworms are naturally eliminated;
<3> rearing of silkworm
Controlling the feeding density as follows: breeding 250-300 heads in 100cm 50cm 5cm sand nest; not using any medicine or lime for the whole age, not stopping the mulberry, mixing the old leaves and the young leaves, and feeding the mulberry leaves in the whole age; ensuring that the white ratio and the black ratio of the larvae of the Yao silkworm are equivalent during breeding;
the mature silkworm and spinning treatment is carried out according to the following steps: catching mature silkworms when the mature silkworms are slightly transparent and even have little blue heads, putting the mature silkworms on a piece of straw paper for half a day, then putting the mature silkworms in the center of a smooth round wood board with the diameter of 1 meter to spin, putting 300 silkworms on one wood board, and enabling the ratio of black silkworms to white silkworms to be equivalent; during the period, silkworms which climb out of the wooden boards and form cocoons are found and eliminated; if the mature silkworms are inconsistent in time, putting the mature silkworms on the plate in batches, and putting white silkworms and black silkworms with similar ratios on the same plate;
the incubation and silkworm egg treatment are required to be carried out in an environment with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the relative humidity of about 80 percent.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the incubation is performed by: and (3) putting the silkworm eggs to the condition of 25 ℃ for incubation until hatching.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the pupal stage protection and emergence mating are performed by: after silking of the silkworm, automatically molting and pupating on the flat plate; pupating for 96 hours, transferring the pupa from the flat plate to a seed making grid paved with grass paper for protection when the pupa is yellow brown until the pupa is naturally feathered; the Yao silkworm naturally feathers and then self-copulates, the mated silkworm moths are transferred to the sand nest at nine am, and the silkworm moths are separated at three points in the afternoon.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the spawning and quarantine protection is performed by: selecting female moths which are mated at three points in the afternoon of the mating day, and placing the female moths on silkworm seed paper to lay eggs; randomly selecting 280 female moths each time to put in a moth ring, allowing single moths to lay eggs, allowing the single moths to lay eggs for 18 hours, and stopping the laying eggs; collecting mother moths and carrying out inspection and quarantine on single moths; according to the result of female moth inspection and quarantine, the unqualified silkworm eggs are eliminated, and the qualified silkworm eggs are selected and reserved for next use.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of treating silkworm eggs by: the prepared silkworm eggs are placed in an environment of 25 ℃ for protection for 3-5 days, and then enter a refrigeration house for protection, and the prepared silkworm eggs are refrigerated according to two types: half of the seeds are mother seeds and are refrigerated for 3-5 months; the other half of the seeds are spare seeds and are refrigerated for 6-12 months.
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| CN105941350B (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2018-08-24 | 苏州大学 | A kind of full age mulberry method for breeding of silkworm |
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