CN1286615C - 万能机床 - Google Patents

万能机床 Download PDF

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CN1286615C
CN1286615C CNB001069322A CN00106932A CN1286615C CN 1286615 C CN1286615 C CN 1286615C CN B001069322 A CNB001069322 A CN B001069322A CN 00106932 A CN00106932 A CN 00106932A CN 1286615 C CN1286615 C CN 1286615C
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workpiece
motor
turntable
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spindle
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CN1270873A (zh
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A·格雷斯勒
R·塞茨
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Deckel Maho GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q7/00—Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting
    • B23Q7/04—Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting by means of grippers
    • B23Q7/045—Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting by means of grippers using a tool holder as a work-transporting gripper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/44—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
    • B23Q1/48—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs
    • B23Q1/4804—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs a single rotating pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair
    • B23Q1/4819—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs a single rotating pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/44—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
    • B23Q1/48—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs
    • B23Q1/4876—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs a single sliding pair followed parallelly by a single rotating pair
    • B23Q1/489—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs a single sliding pair followed parallelly by a single rotating pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q39/00—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation
    • B23Q39/02—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
    • B23Q5/02—Driving main working members
    • B23Q5/04—Driving main working members rotary shafts, e.g. working-spindles
    • B23Q5/10—Driving main working members rotary shafts, e.g. working-spindles driven essentially by electrical means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/51—Plural diverse manufacturing apparatus including means for metal shaping or assembling
    • Y10T29/5104—Type of machine
    • Y10T29/5109—Lathe
    • Y10T29/5114—Lathe and tool
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/304536—Milling including means to infeed work to cutter
    • Y10T409/305544—Milling including means to infeed work to cutter with work holder
    • Y10T409/305656—Milling including means to infeed work to cutter with work holder including means to support work for rotation during operation
    • Y10T409/305768—Milling including means to infeed work to cutter with work holder including means to support work for rotation during operation with linear movement of work
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00—Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30—Milling
    • Y10T409/30868—Work support
    • Y10T409/308792—Indexable
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/14—Rotary member or shaft indexing, e.g., tool or work turret
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T82/00—Turning
    • Y10T82/25—Lathe
    • Y10T82/2511—Vertical
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T82/00—Turning
    • Y10T82/25—Lathe
    • Y10T82/2514—Lathe with work feeder or remover

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Machine Tool Units (AREA)
  • Jigs For Machine Tools (AREA)
  • Feeding Of Workpieces (AREA)
  • Turning (AREA)
  • Numerical Control (AREA)
  • Automatic Tool Replacement In Machine Tools (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及万能机床，它包括由电机在床身(1)上移动的工件滑座(2，20)以便加工工件，加工装置(14)关于多个轴线由电机移动，其包括电机驱动的工作主轴(15)以便接纳加工刀具。为了能够除高切削性能地在单个夹紧位置铣钻加工外车削加工，工件滑座(2，20)设置至少一个转动的工件夹具(5，22)和关联的转动驱动装置(25)，该转动驱动装置驱动工件夹具以便对待加工工件进行车削。

Description

万能机床
技术领域
本发明涉及万能机床，其设置工件滑座以便加工工件，上述工件滑座在床身上由电机移动，加工装置沿多个轴线由电机移动并包括电机驱动的工作主轴以便接纳加工刀具。
背景技术
在这样的万能铣、钻和镗机床，例如，从EP0664176B1可知，工作主轴设置在可转动的铣头上，可转动的铣头可围绕定位面转动，定位面垂直于支承箱体的面壁，上述面壁相对垂直面倾斜45°。支承箱体位于移动架的端面上，以便垂直移动，上述移动架装在床身后端的导轨上以便由电机驱动。包括工作台的工作台滑座设置在床身的前部，可水平移动。使用这样设置的机床，在单一夹紧位置对多个工件侧面可进行综合的铣、钻和攻丝加工。但是，使用这样的机床不能进行包括工件主旋转切削运动的车削加工。
已知车床设置刀具旋转装置，镗刀盘和铣刀头插入其中。但是，在这些机床中，限制了移动性能和铣刀头的切削性能，驱动这些机床是相当复杂的。因此，限制了在车床中这样的铣刀头和钻头的应用范围。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供上述类型的万能机床，除高切削性能的铣和钻加工外，它能车削加工以便在一个夹紧位置完全自动地加工工件。
根据本发明，通过提供工件滑座实现上述目的，该工件滑座具有至少一个转动的加工夹具和关联的转动驱动装置，通过转动驱动装置可驱动工件夹具以便对待加工的工件进行车削。
根据本发明一种用于铣削和车削加工的万能机床，该机床由下述部件组成：一个在机床床身上借助一电机可沿一个坐标轴水平移动的工件滑座，一个通过一环形轴承安装在一托架上的转台，所述转台具有一无齿轮的驱动电机，该电机的定子和托架固定连接，该电机的转子和转台固定连接，一个借助一电机可在若干个坐标轴上移动的加工单元，该加工单元具有一个工作主轴，该工作主轴有选择地容纳一个铣削或车削刀具，其特征在于，支承转台的托架是工件滑座的组成部分，驱动电机设置在托架内的一个环形空间内，在径向内侧定子环以其内壁固定在托架上，在径向外侧设置的转子环固定在转台的底侧。
根据本发明的万能机床提供了进行车削加工的可能性，该车削加工除铣削、钻和攻丝加工外包括主旋转切削运动。这样，进行有效的自动完整地加工甚至复杂形状的工件而没有在车床和铣床或钻床之间工件的任何复杂重复夹紧。由于避免工件的重复夹紧，可获得较高的加工精度。本发明机床的另一重要优点是用于铣和钻设置的工作主轴的移动路径也可以用于车削加工的进给和供给运动，由此，减小了结构和控制技术的复杂性。除铣削工艺外，可由具有相同的使用者界面的单一控制覆盖车削工艺。
存在着可以实现本发明的多种有效的实施例。
例如，工件夹具可形成为具有工件夹紧装置的水平旋转主轴。在特别坚固和刚性的实施例中，例如，旋转主轴装在主轴箱上，其一般形成有工件滑座。但是，旋转主轴也可设置在分离的主轴箱中，如需要，分离的主轴箱可固定在工件滑座上。上述结构能够简单改进或拆开旋转主轴以便能够改变加工任务。
除水平旋转主轴外或代替水平旋转主轴，工件滑座也可包括水平工作台，其围绕垂直轴线转动并包括整套转动驱动装置作为工件夹具。使用设有工件滑座的机床，在一个夹紧位置，甚至对于较大的工件可进行铣削加工和车削加工。因此，机床的应用范围可扩宽，并且加工精度可提高。
例如，工件夹具可由环形驱动电机驱动，在特别紧凑的实施例中，环形驱动电机包括例如固定到工件滑座的托架的定子环和固定到转台的转子环。例如，驱动电机可以是无换向器的环形扭矩电机，它能以高动力性和准确定位直接驱动而没有齿轮装置或联接器。用这样小的空间要求和重量，工件夹具不仅可高动力性能地被驱动以便进行车削加工，而且也可在任易角度位置定位，从而例如，进行特殊的铣削加工或钻削加工。
在本发明另一有利的实施例中，设置插入工作主轴的工件交换装置。由于工作主轴可实现在旋转主轴处工件交换所需的各种运动，在这种情况下，分离的驱动电机或移动构件不是必须的。例如，工件交换装置可以是工件夹持器，其设有多个夹紧臂，完成的工件由夹紧臂从旋转主轴输送到工件存放库。通过工件夹持器也可将新的工件供给旋转主轴。设置棒料进料仓，通过棒料进料仓给旋转主轴供给棒状材料。
在一简单有效的实施例中，工件夹持器通过工作主轴内的内部冷却液供应源进行操作。这样，省略了额外的操作装置。
自动操作的三爪以上的卡盘设置在旋转主轴上。但是，旋转主轴也可设置内夹紧锥以便接纳不同的机动爪式卡盘。
附图说明
参考附图，从下面优选实施例的说明中本发明的其它特征和优点是明显的：其中：
图1是用于铣、钻和车削加工的万能机床的示意侧视图；
图2图1所示万能机床的局部剖开的示意侧视图，其包括棒料进料仓和保护室；
图3是工件滑座的局部剖开的透视图，其包括转台；和
图4表示图3所示的工件滑座包括被夹紧的工件和车削刀具以说明在本发明万能机床中的车削操作。
具体实施方式
图1示意表示的万能机床包括床身1，工件滑座位于其上以便借助电机在双箭头3的方向上沿Y轴线移动。工件滑座2包括主轴箱4，其中水平的旋转主轴5由驱动电机旋转驱动，并当可转动地安装夹紧工件的夹紧装置时包括自动操作三爪卡盘6。但是，旋转主轴5也可以设置其它的夹紧装置和/或内夹紧锥以便接纳不同的机动爪式卡盘等。
导轨7和8装在床身1的后部，导轨7和8垂直于图的平面；移动架9在导轨7和8上导向以便借助电机驱动的丝杠10沿X轴线水平移动。支承箱体11设置在移动架9的前侧以便在双箭头12的方向沿Z轴线垂直地上下移动。支承箱体11的面壁13相对于垂直面倾斜45°并向下倾斜延伸；具有由电机转动的工作主轴15的可转动铣头14作为加工装置装在支承箱体11的面壁13上，以便其围绕垂直于面壁13的旋转轴线16转动。工作主轴15以相对旋转轴线16的45°角装在可转动铣头14内。通过可转动铣头14围绕旋转轴线16的相应转动，工作主轴15可从实线所示的垂直加工位置转到虚线所示的水平加工位置。切屑输送装置设置在床身1的端部以便排出加工过程中产生的切屑。
除用于例如，铣，钻，镗或攻丝加工的刀具外，车削加工刀具也可插入工作主轴15。上述刀具可安置在存放于刀具库(未示出)中的相应夹具或刀具座中，并通过适当的刀具交换装置可插入工作主轴。例如，为了对夹紧到旋转主轴5的工件进行车削加工，可转位刀片的刀架可插入工作主轴。那么，电机驱动的旋转主轴5产生主旋转切削运动。通过移动其上设置旋转主轴的工件滑座2，实现沿Y轴线的进给运动，而通过移动移动架9和支承箱体11，实现沿X轴线和Z轴线的进给运动。通过沿单独的移动和转动轴线的控制运动，因此，可高精度地实现合成的车削运动。如上述，用于铣、钻、镗和攻丝加工的普通刀具也可插入工作主轴15。因此，在车削加工之前或之后，对于夹紧到旋转主轴5的工件也可执行各种其它类型的加工，如铣、钻、镗、铰和螺纹加工。因此，能够实现完整的加工而没有不同类型机床之间的复杂的重复夹紧。
然而，图1示意表示用于夹紧到旋转主轴5的工件交换装置18，其也可插入工作主轴15。通过自动刀具交换装置(未示出)可实现工件交换装置18插入工作主轴15，加工过程中工件交换装置18可存放在刀具库中。例如，工件交换装置可以是工件夹持器，其设置多个夹紧臂19并通过夹紧锥插入工作主轴15。通过在实施例中工作主轴15的内部冷却液供应源可实现夹紧臂19的操作。由于通过机床的冷却液供应源一般可获得相当高的，例如40巴的压力，对于夹紧臂19的操作不需要额外动力源。
使用由工作主轴15运动的工件夹持器，可使完成的工件脱离旋转主轴并将其输送到工件存放库。由工件夹持器将新的工件提供给旋转主轴。还可以设置棒料进料仓，经棒料进料仓适当的棒料被输送到旋转主轴。
在图2所示的本发明另一实施例中，已知的棒料进料仓18设置在床身1的前面。棒状工件可由这一棒料进料仓被输送到形成为中空轴的旋转主轴5并且由三爪卡盘6夹紧。在图2中还显示一般封闭机床的保护室10。
在图3中，显示另一工件滑座20，其可代替图1和2所示的工件滑座2。这一工件滑座20包括托架21，水平转台22通过环形轴承23装在该托架21上以便围绕垂直轴线转动。环形空间24垂直于托架21中的工件转台22的转动轴线，驱动电机25设置在环形空间24中，它包括在环形空间24的内壁上固定连接到托架21的内定子环26和固定到工件转台的底侧的外转子环27。向下伸出的推杆28固定在转台22的底侧并与其转动轴线同轴，滑环29和轴端30围绕推杆28设置。例如，驱动电机25可以是无换向器的环形转矩电机，除进行车削加工的高动力性能外，甚至不需要联接器或齿轮装置，它能够准确定位以便在不同的角度位置进行铣钻加工。
用于在不被转动驱动的工件上进行铣削加工的转台或旋转主轴的锁紧可通过电机或如需要，被启动的分离的锁紧装置实现。上述所述，一个或多个惯性传感器可设置在转台或旋转主轴上；通过其可检测不能接受的惯性并由其关闭机床。
图4表示本发明机床中车削加工的实施例，其包括根据图2的工件滑座20。待加工工作台31从上侧向下夹紧。使用插入工作主轴15的车刀32、33和34，随转台22的相应传动可进行不同的车削加工。例如，由车刀32和34进行转内侧和外侧的车削加工，而由车刀33完成切槽加工。
本发明并不局限于附图所示和详细说明的实施例。例如，旋转主轴可设置在分离的主轴箱内，例如，主轴箱可拆卸地固定在工作台导承上。工件滑座可另外包括围绕水平轴线转动的旋转主轴以及围绕垂直轴线转动的工件工作台。

Claims (3)

1.一种用于铣削和车削加工的万能机床，该机床由下述部件组成：
一个在机床床身(1)上借助一电机可沿一个坐标轴水平移动的工件滑座(20)，
一个通过一环形轴承(23)安装在一托架(21)上的转台(22)，所述转台(22)具有一无齿轮的驱动电机(25)，该电机的定子(26)和托架(21)固定连接，该电机的转子(27)和转台(22)固定连接，
一个借助一电机可在若干个坐标轴上移动的加工单元(14)，该加工单元(14)具有一个工作主轴(15)，该工作主轴(15)有选择地容纳一个铣削或车削刀具，
其特征在于，
支承转台(22)的托架(21)是工件滑座(20)的组成部分，
驱动电机(25)设置在托架(21)内的一个环形空间(24)内，
在径向内侧定子环(26)以其内壁固定在托架(21)上，
在径向外侧设置的转子环(27)固定在转台(22)的底侧。
2.按照权利要求1所述的万能机床，其特征在于，所述驱动电机(25)是一种无换向器的转矩电机。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的万能机床，其特征在于，在转台(22)的底侧固定了一个中央推杆(28)，围绕此推杆设置了一个滑环(29)。
CNB001069322A 1999-04-21 2000-04-21 万能机床 Expired - Fee Related CN1286615C (zh)

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