CN1273673C - 清洁用的纺织片材 - Google Patents

清洁用的纺织片材 Download PDF

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CN1273673C
CN1273673C CNB981060919A CN98106091A CN1273673C CN 1273673 C CN1273673 C CN 1273673C CN B981060919 A CNB981060919 A CN B981060919A CN 98106091 A CN98106091 A CN 98106091A CN 1273673 C CN1273673 C CN 1273673C
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textile sheet
burr
fiber
fiber web
layer
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CN1199108A (zh
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海因里希·劳恩
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Carle & Co Berg & Co
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D05SEWING; EMBROIDERING; TUFTING
    • D05CEMBROIDERING; TUFTING
    • D05C17/00Embroidered or tufted products; Base fabrics specially adapted for embroidered work; Inserts for producing surface irregularities in embroidered products
    • D05C17/02Tufted products
    • D05C17/026Tufted products characterised by the tufted pile surface
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47LDOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L13/00Implements for cleaning floors, carpets, furniture, walls, or wall coverings
    • A47L13/10Scrubbing; Scouring; Cleaning; Polishing
    • A47L13/16Cloths; Pads; Sponges
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B3/00Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/30Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer formed with recesses or projections, e.g. hollows, grooves, protuberances, ribs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/06Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/498Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres entanglement of layered webs
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H11/00Non-woven pile fabrics
    • D04H11/08Non-woven pile fabrics formed by creation of a pile on at least one surface of a non-woven fabric without addition of pile-forming material, e.g. by needling, by differential shrinking
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H13/00Other non-woven fabrics
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/659Including an additional nonwoven fabric
    • Y10T442/66Additional nonwoven fabric is a spun-bonded fabric
    • Y10T442/662Needled
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/682Needled nonwoven fabric
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/682Needled nonwoven fabric
    • Y10T442/684Containing at least two chemically different strand or fiber materials
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
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    • Y10T442/682Needled nonwoven fabric
    • Y10T442/684Containing at least two chemically different strand or fiber materials
    • Y10T442/688Containing polymeric strand or fiber material

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  • Cleaning Implements For Floors, Carpets, Furniture, Walls, And The Like (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及清洁用的纺织片材,它具有一层纤维网(1)和凸起于其上的凸纹(4,5),其中凸纹(4,5)在所述片材的两侧(2,3)上,所述凸纹(4,5)遍及整个表面或在部分表面上。基网(1)具有在两侧上通过花式针刺植入的交错的凸纹(4,5)。在这种情况下,凸纹(4,5)间可保持一定距离,所述距离至少等于位于相对侧上的凸纹的伸展长度。或者,所述纺织片材具有至少两层彼此粘合的、且在一侧上形成有凸纹(8)的纤维网(6,7)。

Description

清洁用的纺织片材
技术领域
本发明涉及一种清洁用的纺织片材,它具有一层纤维网和突起于此纤维网上的凸纹这种片材被用作可反复使用的湿洗和擦干表面用的抹布。
背景技术
WO90/14039公开了一种纺织片材,它由一层无纺纤维制成的纤维网构成。许多线圈或纤维末梢通过针刺而从上述无纺纤维中露出并形成与之有关的表面区。
WO94/23634公开了一种擦拭套,它由纺织构架构成,所述纺织构架采用两种不同的清洁材料。在这里,它可以是一种由多个部分组装在一起的且其两侧具有不同擦拭能力的擦拭套。
发明内容
本发明的目的是如此改进所述清洁用的片材,以便简单地改善所述片材的使用性能。
该目的通过按本发明的清洁用的纺织片材来实现,它具有至少两层彼此粘合的纤维网,其中在各纤维网的一侧上形成有凸纹,至少其中一层纤维网得到一层衬底材料的加强,所述的衬底材料是纺粘型纤维网或布,或是由至少含50%合成纤维的机织物、经编机织物或纬编机织物构成,衬底材料的单位面积重量为20g/m2-60g/m2,并且至少一层纤维网是由至少为40%的吸湿型纤维构成的。
通过使凸纹位于所述片材两侧,并且其中所述凸纹遍及整个表面或位于部分表面上,所以可同样地使用纺织片材的两侧,因而在使用中不必注意使用哪一侧。例如在双侧起绒的情况下涉及到整个表面,而部分表面只指表面的某些特定区域。
基网的凸纹是通过错位的花式针刺(strukturnadelung)而同时获得的,并且在相反侧上的图纹之间保持有一定距离,则可以通过简单的方式方法生产出单位面积较轻的产品。在这种情况下,所述在相反侧上的凸纹之间的侧间距必须足够大,以避免在两侧重复地进行凸纹针刺。另外,在两侧上刺出的凸纹可以是相似的,甚至可以是相同的。
在这种情况下,当间距足够大时,其中使一层纤维网的凸纹对准在相反侧上不带凸纹的间隙,或者如此粘合在一起,即这两层纤维网的凸纹是重叠的。因而在这两种情况下,可在使用时(如借助地板刷(Schrubber))进一步加强清洁效果。可以通过将不带凸纹的间隙强压在地板上来提高干擦效果,或者通过用力压下彼此对准的这两层纤维网的凸纹来改善清洁效果。但是,粘合产品的单位面积较重。
在另一种改进方案中,所述纺织片材具有至少两个彼此粘合的纤维网,其中在各纤维网的一侧上形成有凸纹。在这种情况下,至少其中一层纤维网得到一层衬底材料的加强。
为了加强产品、改善产品的拉裂性能以及改善产品在应用和清洗时的形状稳定性,可采用衬底材料。所述衬底材料可以设置在两个纤维网之间或是作为底层而设置在一纤维网上和/或在粘合这两层凸纹状纤维网时混入该层压产品中。
作为衬底材料,可以考虑采用纺粘型纤维网(Spinnvliese)或其它材料如布(Gelege)、机织机织物(Gewebe)、经编织物(Gewirke)或纬编织物(Gestricke),后述材料优选地含有较多合成纤维(至少含50%)或全部由合成纤维构成,而其优选地是由聚酯(PES)构成。
为了加强和改善拉裂性能,在纤维层之间或作为底层加入纺粘型纤维网或其它改良材料如含合成纤维的而最好是含聚酯(PES)的且单位面积重量为20g/m2-60g/m2的布、机织物、经编织物或纬编织物。还由此改善了产品在应用和清洗时的形状稳定性。
有利的是,基底纤维网是热固型针刺无纺织物(Nadelvliese)。它也可以通过一植针的和/或通过热粘结与纤维网相连的衬底材料的而得到加强。或者当粘合这两层基底纤维网时,也可以加入一层衬底材料。所述粘合同样是通过如在采用热塑性纤维网(Schmelzvliese)情况下的热粘结或者通过涂覆粘结剂而实现的。粘结剂的选择决定了相应的后续处理方式。
作为衬底材料,可以考虑采用纺粘型纤维网或至少含50%合成纤维的布、机织物、经编织物或纬编织物,其中优选PES作为合成纤维,衬底材料的单位面积重量为20g/m2-60g/m2
如果纤维网是由带不同种类和性能的两层纤维构成的话,则这两侧可用于不同目的,例如一侧用于清洁而另一侧用于擦干。为了目标明确地使用凸纹状区域,可以采用不同的纤维色彩。
如果基网是均匀的即它是由一种优选地具有细纤度的纤维混合物制成的,则当在两侧进行相似或相同的花式针刺时,可获得一种其两侧可同样使用的产品。当基网由着色不同的两层构成时,只要除了色彩外,两层的单丝定义(Definition der Einzelkomponent)和纤维混合物配比没有区别,这也是合适的。在这种情况下,不同着色只具有突出凸纹的作用。
如果其两侧带凸纹的基网是由纤维配比不同和/或单丝定义不同的两层构成的,则基网两侧优选可用于不同目的,例如一侧用于清洁而另一侧用于擦干。这种作用可以通过在两侧上形成不同凸纹而得到加强。在这种情况下,仍使用两种色彩来附加标明所用的两侧。
在其两侧被同样使用的且优选地具有相同结构的产品中,可以通过凸纹类型和凸纹状面积与不带凸纹的面积之比而使擦干和清洁能力得到最佳化。于是可以获得其每一侧都产生相同的良好清洁和擦干效果的产品。这也适用于由两个单层凸纹状纤维网通过粘合而构成的产品。
为了获得凸纹即将纤维从水平位置带入垂直位置,需要某种纤维衬垫(Faserpolster)。在这种情况下,当单位面积重量为100g/m2时已可获得有用的凸纹,片状材料的单位面积重量优选为150g/m2-300g/m2
当一层纤维网是由一细纤维层和一粗纤维层构成,且其中粗纤维层在重量上占总重量的30%-50%且所述粗纤维层的50%-100%是由合成纤维、优选地由纤维度为4.2dTex-17dTex的聚酯(PES)构成时,形成了一个有利于清洁作用的区域。由于采用了粗纤维,所以影响了清洁能力,这是因为提高了清刷性能(Scheuerleistung)。
由于加入了占合成纤维15%-100%的热塑性纤维、最好是改良型聚丙烯(PP),所以通过加热活化热塑性纤维的方式形成了除针刺结合外的与其它纤维之间的附加结合。
除了与热塑性纤维粘结外,纤维网材料的固着主要是借助刺毡针而通过针刺实现的。对纤维网以约80针/cm2-200针/cm2地进行针刺,优选地以约120针/cm2-150针/cm2地进行针刺。
根据使用目的,可以通过花式针刺形成连续或断续的纵向条纹以及断续和/或错位的横向条纹或其它断续的或与之有关的花纹如字母图形,由此可产生优异的清洁效果。
如果在形成凸纹的过程中,粗纤维网被针刺穿透细纤维网,则通过局部限制的清刷区而产生非常好的清洁效果。
在形成凸纹的过程中,当针刺深度为5mm-25mm、优选为5mm-15mm时,借助叉形针刺或冠状针刺而获得线条分明的凸纹,而不会产生织物强度的大幅度降低。
由于在形成带凸纹的纤维网后熔化热塑性纤维,所以在冷却后获得了在其余纤维之间的结合点。除了针刺外,还实现了其它方式的纤维网的固着。
有利的是:在粗纤维层中,至少80%的合成纤维的纤维度为4.2dTex-6.8dTex,其中最多混入了20%的较粗纤维。
在至少一层纤维网中至少占40%的吸湿型纤维、最好是CV和/或棉纱对开始吸水过程是很重要的,其余的细纤维构成了细孔型纤维网。在良好的容水性能情况下,通过较强的虹吸作用获得了良好的吸水能力。
作为吸湿型纤维,最好采用纤维度为1.3dTex-2.2dTex的CV和/或棉纱。
也可以通过线圈或纱圈或开口的纱圈或线圈获得表面凸纹,所述凸纹遍及整个表面或成型于部分表面上。这样的产品在市场中被用于清洁,其中最好规定使用该产品的一侧。优选使用由合成纤维构成的机织物或经编织物作作衬底材料。
所述衬底材料在容留水方面是不利的。但是,若使用一种最好是均匀的、由衬底加强的、且已经热固成型的针刺纤维网作衬底材料,由此可以获得一种利于容留水的、吸水性强的、容水性能良好的且在拧挤时容易脱水的材料。如果凸纹仅分布在局部表面上且不带凸纹的表面与待清洁物接触,则与现在所用的、必须用纱线或股线形成的凸纹进行清洁和擦干的产品相比,擦干效果得到极大提高且仍可获得良好的清洁效果。由于残余的水膜较少且水膜快速干燥,所以确保了改善的擦干效果。由此快速地获得了经过清洁的地板。
另一方面,由于清洁工具具有良好的拧干脱水性能,所以在纤维网衬底上留有较少量水。
若通过使凸纹在相反两侧上对准或重叠,使这样两种材料可以在背侧粘结在纤维网衬底上,则可获得两侧可同样使用的产品。
当然,根据要求,在其一侧上由纱线或股线形成凸纹的纤维网材料也可在相反侧上与不带凸纹的材料如另一层纤维网,或与通过针刺而带有凸纹的纤维网粘合在一起。
在纤维网的单侧或两侧上带有由纱线或股线形成的凸纹的产品与在机织物衬底或经编织物衬底上的产品相比是有优点的。通过有目的地拧挤而实现有目的的吸水。由此也可以实现适用于待清洁物的脱水。在干燥的污渍的情况下,首先可以略微拧挤出“水”,即湿乎乎地用清洁介质溶解污渍,随后在大量脱去清洁工具介质后产生了良好的擦干结果。
在机织物衬底或经编机织物衬底中,由于衬底不利于容留水且纱线或股线脱水性较差(其略高于带纤维网衬底的材料),所以无法获得有益的挤压脱水效果,进而无法获得有利的擦干效果。
另外,凸纹较矮、纱线或股线较少也无妨,因为活性基网借助良好的细孔性而吸收溶解污渍和水。确切地说,基网要强于纱线。在不活跃的衬底的情况下,只有纱线或股线可用于上述目的。
另外与纱线或股线相比,纤维网排出污渍和水较容易,在这里涉及到强烈的挤压脱水作用。最后,由于良好的轧水性和抗拉裂性能,凸纹较低的纤维网基底上的产品与具有不活跃衬底且凸纹较高的产品相比具有较小的衬底黏附作用,由此在使用中要求较轻的体力劳动,这对职业用户来说是很重要的。
利用簇绒法或马利波尔法在整个表面上或成纵向条纹地将纱线以线圈方式植入纤维网衬底中,所述纵向条纹不一定是直线形的,例如它可以是锯齿形的。可以利用起绒机构(Veloureinrichtung)使线圈开口。
单丝纤维度最好为1.7dTex-10dTex。吸湿型纤维成分应该不少于40%。
线(纱)圈尺寸为3mm-12mm,优选地为5mm-7mm。
纱线或股线最好在Nm1(2×Nm2)-Nm12(2×Nm24)的粗度范围内,优选地是在Nm5(2×Nm10)-Nm8(2×Nm19)的粗度范围内。纱线或股线最好由CV纤维和合成纤维、优选地由聚酯(PES)构成,合成纤维的50%都可以是热塑性纤维。
在纱线或股线至少含有40%吸湿型纤维的情况下,最好采用其它合成纤维,优选地采用BES,其中还混有优选地由PP构成的热塑性纤维,热塑性纤维占合成纤维的15%-100%。
纱圈或线圈是通过簇绒法或马利波尔法刺入的。
在簇绒(Tuften)过程中,针间距最好选为1.4mm-2mm。在局部起凸纹的情况下,只配备了所需的刺针。针数在每一个针刺cm单位内约为25针-42针。
优选地用丙烯酸酯(Acrylat)涂覆所述经过簇绒的材料的背面以便加固线圈。如果两侧带凸纹的纤维网被粘在-起,则可以不使用背面涂层。
在干燥和冷凝背面涂层时,纱丝中的热塑性纤维被活化。纱线或股线由此获得附加强度。略微增强的刚性促进了摩擦性能。如果不接受背面涂层处理,则热塑性纤维必须在另外的工序中接受活化处理。
附图说明
在图中示出了本发明的实施例,其中:
图1示出了带有交错的局部表面形式的凸纹的纺织片材的截面;
图2示出了由两层粘合型纤维网构成的纺织片材;
图3示出了带有成字母图样形凸纹的纺织片材;
图4示出了由两层粘合型纤维网构成的片材的截面,这两层粘合型纤维网都通过一层平放的衬底材料得到加强;
图5示出了作为原材料而未带凸纹的纤维网材料;
图6a示出了由图5所示的纤维网材料制成的遍及整个表面的单侧绒毛;
图6b示出了其两侧都有条纹形绒毛的、由如图6a所示的遍及整个表面的绒毛制成的纤维网材料;
图7a示出了带有条纹形绒毛的纤维网;
图7b示出了其两侧都有间隔条纹形绒毛的纤维网。
具体实施方式
在图1中画出了一层纤维网1,在其两侧2、3上形成有凸纹4、5。凸纹4、5被设计成局部表面形式且在相对两侧上是不重叠的。也可以预先给定安全间距,所述安全间距比在相对侧上的凸纹的尺寸大10mm。所述凸纹是通过花式针刺而成型于两侧上的,其中针刺深度可在5mm-15mm间变化。纤维网1是由热固型针刺纤维网材料构成的。
在图2中示出了一种由两层纤维网6、7构成的片材,在这两层纤维网之间设有一层衬底材料9。各纤维网6、7分别具有某种凸纹8,所述凸纹是彼此独立地且相对地设置的。
作为另一种凸纹可能性的例子,在图3中示出了字母形凸纹10,此凸纹凸起于表面3上。
在图4中以截面图示出了一种由两层纤维网11、12层压合成的片材,其中这两层纤维网11、12通过针刺上的和/或粘固上的衬底材料13而得到加强。各纤维网11、12具有某种凸纹结构,确切地说是具有线圈14或开口线圈15。
如果在包括一均匀纤维网层和一由两层或多层具有不同纤维混合物的纤维层构成的纤维网在内的纺织片材的两侧上都具有某种凸纹结构,则只能通过对片材进行花式针刺而形成图1所示的交错的凸纹。
与此相反的是,两层独立的单侧凸纹状纤维网彼此层压粘合在一起,于是凸纹可以象图2所示的那样上下对置。这种情况也适用于图4所示的产品。
由此可以产生最不同的外观效果和功效。
在图5-图7中示出了由未带凸纹的纤维网材料16制造两侧带凸纹的片材的加工情况。从纤维网材料16开始,在图6a中借助一块带有全部刺针的针板生产遍及整个表面的单侧形绒毛17。所生产出的材料在第一次穿过加工机器后被翻转过来,于是遍及整个表面的绒毛17在上。接着,通过一块针板实现的到相反侧上成条纹地反向针刺是,所述针板在生产方向上针刺出条纹。于是形成了图6所示的条纹18。
在图7a中,从未带凸纹的纤维网材料16开始并通过一块在生产方向上成条纹针刺的针板而生产出条纹形绒毛。与图6a所示不同的是,在这里不存在遍及整个表面的绒毛,而只是条纹状绒毛,其中在条纹19之间保持一定距离,所述距离可允许插入另一个条纹。
此外,如此获得的材料在第一次穿过加工机器后被翻转过来。在相反侧上且在第一次穿过加工机器时所获得的两个条纹19的正中间形成绒毛是利用同一个针板对材料进行相位交错偏移后进行针刺而实现的,或是通过偏移针刺出条纹的针板而实现的。在这两种情况下,需要准确地控制材料以防止侧向偏差。在上、下对置的绒毛条纹19、20之间的最小侧间距最好必须为3mm,以避免重复针刺(Uebernadeln)。
在图6b所示的片材中,在两侧上的凸纹无间隙地紧连在一起。因此,在这两侧上的凸纹状表面面积之和等于遍及整个表面的单侧形绒毛的原始面积。根据不同的花纹也可在两侧之间有目的地分布相应部分的凸纹面。也可以从绒毛侧指向相反侧地反向针刺出其它凸纹,确切地说是利用Di-Lour花式针刺机针刺出象绒毛那样的凸纹或利用Di-Loop花式针刺机针刺出线圈形凸纹。
图7b所示的片材可具有纹宽不同的条纹,也可以在图7a的基础上,在绒毛条纹19之间的相反侧上植入图1-3所示的那样的凸纹或条纹状凸纹作为绒毛或者线圈。在这样的片材中,在两侧上带有凸纹的总面积总是小于材料面积,这是因为在相反侧上的花纹之间必须保持一定的侧向安全距离,以避免重复针刺。根据这样的方法,人们可以通过选择花纹和在相反侧上分布的花纹段的间距大小而尽可能地改变在整个表面上或单侧的凸纹部分所占的比重。

Claims (28)

1.一种清洁用的纺织片材,具有至少两层彼此粘合的纤维网(6,7),其中在各纤维网(6,7)的一侧上形成有凸纹(8),至少其中一层纤维网(6,7)得到一层衬底材料的加强,所述的衬底材料(9)是纺粘型纤维网或布,或是由至少含50%合成纤维的机织物、经编机织物或纬编机织物构成,衬底材料(9)的单位面积重量为20g/m2-60g/m2,并且至少一层纤维网是由至少为40%的吸湿型纤维构成的。
2.如权利要求1所述的纺织片材,其特征在于,使用PES作为合成纤维。
3.如权利要求1所述的纺织片材,其特征在于,所述的至少一层纤维网是由细纤度为1.3dTex-2.2dTex的CV和/或棉线构成的。
4.如权利要求1所述的纺织片材,其特征在于,衬底材料(9)是在粘合过程中加入的。
5.如权利要求1所述的纺织片材,其特征在于,它包括至少两层由不同种类和性能的纤维构成的纤维网(7,6)。
6.如权利要求1所述的纺织片材,其特征在于,它的单位面积重量为100g/m2-300g/m2
7.如权利要求6所述的纺织片材,其特征在于,它的单位面积重量为150g/m2-300g/m2
8.如权利要求1所述的纺织片材,其特征在于,一层纤维网由细纤维层构成而另一层纤维网由粗纤维层构成,其中粗纤维层在重量上占总重量的30%-50%,并且粗纤维层的50%-100%由纤维度为4.2dTex-17dTex的聚酯(PES)制成的合成纤维构成。
9.如权利要求1所述的纺织片材,其特征在于,所述的两纤维网都是均匀结构,或是当只有一纤维网是均匀结构时,另一纤维网是由两层构成的,或者这两纤维网都通过不同的纤维混合物而具有双层结构。
10.如权利要求8所述的纺织片材,其特征在于,合成纤维含有重量比为15%-100%的热塑性纤维。
11.如权利要求10所述的纺织片材,其特征在于,所述的热塑性纤维是改良型聚丙烯(PP)。
12.如权利要求1所述的纺织片材,其特征在于,它是以约80针/cm2-200针/cm2而用刺毡针针刺成的。
13.如权利要求12所述的纺织片材,其特征在于,它是以约120针/cm2-150针/cm2而用刺毡针针刺成的。
14.如权利要求1所述的纺织片材,其特征在于,通过花式针刺形成连续的或断续的和/或交错的横向条纹或其它断续的或有关的花纹。
15.如权利要求8所述的纺织片材,其特征在于,在形成凸纹的过程中,粗纤维网被一直刺穿过细纤维网。
16.如权利要求14所述的纺织片材,其特征在于,凸纹是这样形成的,即当进行花式针刺时,针刺深度在5mm-25mm间变化。
17.如权利要求16所述的纺织片材,其特征在于,针刺深度在5mm-12mm之间变化。
18.如权利要求10所述的纺织片材,其特征在于,至少热塑性纤维在形成凸纹状纤维网后被熔化。
19.如权利要求8所述的纺织片材,其特征在于,在粗纤维层中,减去热塑性纤维所占部分的至少为80%的合成纤维的纤维度为4.8dTex-6.8dTex,并且最多混入20%的较粗纤维。
20.如权利要求1所述的纺织片材,其特征在于,凸纹由纱线圈或股线圈或开口的纱线圈或股线圈构成,凸纹遍及整个表面,或以直线方式成条纹地制成凸纹或以非直线方式地制成凸纹。
21.如权利要求20所述的纺织片材,其特征在于,线圈高度或开口的线圈高度为3mm-12mm。
22.如权利要求21所述的纺织片材,其特征在于,线圈高度或开口的线圈高度为3mm-7mm。
23.如权利要求20所述的纺织片材,其特征在于,纱线或股线是粗的且在Nm1(2×Nm2)-Nm12(2×Nm24)的范围内。
24.如权利要求20所述的纺织片材,其特征在于,纱线或股线在Nm5(2×Nm10)-Nm8(2×Nm16)的范围内。
25.如权利要求23所述的纺织片材,其特征在于,纱线或股线线圈是通过簇绒法或马利波尔法刺入的,其中针数在连续的10cm单位内为25针-42针。
26.如权利要求1所述的纺织片材,其特征在于,带凸纹的材料经过背面涂层处理。
27.如权利要求14所述的纺织片材,其特征在于,所述其它断续的或有关的花纹为字母图形(10)。
28.如权利要求20所述的纺织片材,其特征在于,所述非直线方式为锯齿形方式。
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DE19710032A1 (de) 1998-09-17
AU731339B2 (en) 2001-03-29
ATE221750T1 (de) 2002-08-15
ES2179997T3 (es) 2003-02-01
CN1199108A (zh) 1998-11-18
US6087279A (en) 2000-07-11
AR010128A1 (es) 2000-05-17
DE19710032B4 (de) 2004-01-29
EP0864289A3 (de) 1998-10-07
CA2229398A1 (en) 1998-09-12
EP0864289A2 (de) 1998-09-16
BR9800875A (pt) 1999-09-28
CA2229398C (en) 2002-04-30
EP0864289B1 (de) 2002-08-07

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