CN1261021C - Hybrid method of Afria crucia carp and mandarin fish - Google Patents
Hybrid method of Afria crucia carp and mandarin fish Download PDFInfo
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- CN1261021C CN1261021C CN 200410044894 CN200410044894A CN1261021C CN 1261021 C CN1261021 C CN 1261021C CN 200410044894 CN200410044894 CN 200410044894 CN 200410044894 A CN200410044894 A CN 200410044894A CN 1261021 C CN1261021 C CN 1261021C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a hybrid method of blue tilapias and mandarin fishes, which belongs to the technical field of human living necessities. Mainly true-bred blue tilapias are used as hybrid female parents, and hybrid male parents are male mandarin fishes with effusive ivory-white semen. Ocyodinic is adopted for performing artificial injection. All female blue tilapia individuals and male blue tilapia individuals are once injected with the ocyodinic. The male mandarin fishes can be injected with the ocyodinic or not injected with the ocyodinic. The female blue tilapias and the male blue tilapias are bred separately. When the tilapias discharge eggs, the semen of the mandarin fishes is quickly squeezed in. In the process of hatch, died eggs are sucked away, and a breeding dish is shaken. When hybrid fishes come out from films, the hybrid fishes are transferred to an aquarium for breeding and then moved to a field pond for continuing the breeding, and thus, hybrid fishes are obtained. The present invention adopts the artificial injection of ocyodinic hormone to drive the female tilapias to produce the eggs under a controlled condition so as to carry out the hybridization of the mandarin fishes and the female tilapias. The hybrid fishes have advantages of high survival rate and good taste. At the same time, compared with the blue tilapias, the growth speed of the bred hybrid fishes is increased by 10 percent. In addition, the shape of the hybrid fishes is short and thick, and thus, the hybrid fishes are suitable for processing.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of fish culture technical field, specifically the cross method of Oreochromis aureus and mandarin fish.
Background technology:
Before the present invention made, in prior art, Oreochromis aureus and mandarin fish normally bred in the following ways:
1, the breeding of Oreochromis aureus:
The breeding of Oreochromis aureus is comparatively complicated, is still the employing natural spawning at present.On producing, the Oreochromis aureus that is used for breeding was put into spawning pond by male and female than 3: 1, and breeding density is generally about per 1/15 hectare of parent population 600 tail of putting 250～300 gram/tails in a suitable place to breed, must not raise together with predacious fish in the breeding pond.In southern area of Jiangsu Province, begin every year by the end of May, and it is ripe that the Tilapia mossambica ovum reaches, and can breed voluntarily when above when the pond water temperature reaches 20 ℃.After the raun ovulation, milter is promptly discharged seminal fluid and fertilizes an egg, and raun is with being about in the fertilized egg suction inlet, fertilized egg is finished incubation of membrane in the raun oral cavity, this process generally needs 1 time-of-week, and raun does not ingest during this, after treating that fry hatches, just begin feed, ovum continues to reach maturity in the raun body.Behind the two weeks to 1 month, raun can lay eggs again, can lay eggs 3-4 time in general 1 year.
Carrying out Tilapia mossambica seed selection when research, owing to need carry out the combo breeding of 1 pair 1 of female milter, so general elder generation draws in the net from open-air pond, good parent population is put to indoor aquarium to select the maturation of ovum degree.When treating that milter chases raun, note observing, see the raun ovulation, catch out raun immediately, manually extrude ovum and be used for artificial insemination; Or after treating the milter ejaculation, catch out raun, the fertilized egg that washes out in the oral cavity is used for artificial incubation.
Because Tilapia mossambica breeding is a natural spawning, therefore, uncontrollable egg-laying time is difficult to obtain the test that mature egg is used to carry out hybridization etc., can only be used for general production.
2, the artificial propagation of mandarin fish:
Perform parent population and select work before hastening parturition, generally selecting three ages above, specifications is that the above fish of picking of 1.5kg carries out artificial induced spawning.Whether following method is adopted in sexual maturity to judge female, male mandarin fish: at first carry out profile and observe, when ripe raun belly makes progress, the ovary profile is obvious, and slightly concave, the mandarin fish head is mentioned in high resilience with the hand belly is soft, and ovary has mobile backward shape, this is a maturation fish preferably, otherwise then ripe relatively poor; Ripe milter gently presses belly to have milky seminal fluid to flow out, and can scatter naturally in water immediately, otherwise then ripe relatively poor.If the profile observation is difficult to carry out, can dig ovum and observe, dig out a small amount of ovum grain with digging egg apparatus, if see that ovum grain size is neat, glossy, fuller or slightly flat collapsing, whole or most of nuclear off normals show that promptly the parent population gonad maturity is better, on the contrary then ripe not enough or degeneration.
When carrying out artificial propagation,,, work as mid or late May, when water temperature reaches 25 ℃ of left and right sides, select ripe parent population, carry out artificial induced spawning in good time in southern area of Jiangsu Province in order to solve the forage fiss corresponding problem of mandarin fish.Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), short corpus luteum releasing hormone analog (LRH-A have been adopted
2), fish hypophysis (PG) etc. is as the artificial induced spawning agent, more than divide 1～2 injection after two kinds or three kinds of mixing.Injected dose is hasten parturition 2～3 times of dosage of four large Chinese carps, and injection system adopts thoracic cavity or dorsal fin injection.
The general mode that adopts natural insemination, male and female parent population proportioning is 1: 1.5, the parent population after injection moves puts into spawning pond, treats that effect lays eggs after the time.The length of effect time changes with the height of water temperature, and when water temperature during 25 ℃ of left and right sides, the effect time is 22～28 hours.In suitable temperature range, temperature is high more, and the fertilized egg demoulding is fast more, but about 2 demouldings round the clock 25 ℃ the time, and about 70～80 hours begin to ingest behind the membrane.Also can adopt manual method that ovum is clamp-oned in the enamel basin, seminal fluid be clamp-oned again, mixing adds physiological saline and fertilizes an egg rapidly, and fertilized egg is incubation of membrane in circular hatching channal or hatching pail.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned weak point, thereby provide a kind of employing manual injection oxytocic hormone make Tilapia mossambica under controlled condition, lay eggs, with mandarin fish hybridize, the survival rate height, features good taste, simultaneously, the hybridization fish comparison that cultivates is grown fast more than 10% according to Oreochromis aureus, build is short, and is thick, is suitable for a kind of Oreochromis aureus of processing and the cross method of mandarin fish.
Main solution of the present invention is achieved in that
The present invention adopts following method to carry out:
1. when water temperature reaches more than 26 ℃, select full, the gonopore projection of postabdomen, the purebred preferably Oreochromis aureus of the physically fit bodily form is maternal as hybridization, the hybridization male parent is then selected the male mandarin fish that the flicking belly promptly has the milky seminal fluid to flow out, selected female, male Oreochromis aureus than 3: 1 by male and female simultaneously, above-mentioned parent population is put into indoor aquarium, and inflation is to guarantee dissolved oxygen;
2. adopt ocyodinic to carry out the manual injection, ocyodinic is respectively: human chorionic gonadotrophin, short corpus luteum releasing hormone analog, DOM, fish hypophysis, female, the male individuality of Oreochromis aureus all adopts a shot, and male mandarin fish injection ocyodinic also can not injected ocyodinic;
3. with behind the above-mentioned parent population injection oxytocic hormone,, milter female Oreochromis aureus separately raised, and reaching hormone effect before the time 3-4 hour, milter dragged in the female fish box again, it chased lay eggs.When water temperature at 26 ℃-30 ℃, the effect time was generally 24-30 hour;
4. when the Oreochromis aureus raun is discharged a small amount of ovum, pull out immediately, mature egg is clamp-oned in the enamel basin of cleaning and drying, clamp-on the mandarin fish seminal fluid, mix thoroughly fast with clean, soft poultry feather, pour fully the physiological saline of aeration (sodium chloride concentration 0.65% to 0.9% all can) into, the 0.5-1 branch fertilizes an egg;
5. fertilized egg is poured in the glass culture dish and hatch, the hatching water adopts the cold boiling water of abundant aeration, and water temperature is at 26 ℃-30 ℃;
6. in hatching process, the ovum suction of death is gone,, every 0.5-1 hour, the wave and culture ware was inhaled the ovum of death at any time and is gone gently, in case a side variable color necrosis of ovum and culture dish surface Long contact time;
7. behind the hybridization fry membrane, change in the aquarium and raise, support and move into open-air pond to the 3-5cm and continue to cultivate and be hybridization fish.
Ocyodinic of the present invention is respectively:
Human chorionic gonadotrophin dosage is: 300-400 unit/kg fish body weight, short corpus luteum releasing hormone dosage are: 1-5 microgram/kg fish body weight, DOM dosage are: 2-3 milligram/kg fish body weight, fish hypophysis dosage are: 4-6 milligram/kg fish body weight.
The present invention has the following advantages:
The present invention adopts manual injection's mixture of hastening parturition that Tilapia mossambica is laid eggs under controlled condition, hybridizes the survival rate height with mandarin fish.According to morphology and molecular biological analysis, hybridization fish is very similar to Oreochromis aureus, but has the denumerable proterties of part similar to mandarin fish, aspect genome, hybridization fish has mainly been inherited the genetic material of Oreochromis aureus, but the genetic material of a small amount of male parent mandarin fish is also arranged.Because this hybridization fish has had the genetic character of two kinds of fishes concurrently, thereby is the excellent materials of carrying out fish genetic breeding research and exploitation.Simultaneously, the hybridization fish comparison that cultivates is grown fast more than 10% according to Oreochromis aureus, and build is short, thick, is suitable for processing.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
The present invention moves into open-air pond with annual Tilapia mossambica from the chamber of surviving the winter after, strengthen feeding about 1 month; Simultaneously, also strengthen the cultivation of mandarin fish (hero) parent population, guarantee that abundance is arranged in the pool, agreeable to the taste forage fiss.Since late May, the Tilapia mossambica parent population is mature on the whole, and can carry out the hybridization of Oreochromis aureus (female) and mandarin fish (hero).When water temperature reaches more than 26 ℃, draw in the net to check Oreochromis aureus gonad development situation.Select that postabdomen is full, the gonopore projection is concurrent red or little red, physically fit and the purebred preferably Oreochromis aureus of the bodily form is maternal as hybridization, the hybridization male parent is then selected the male mandarin fish that the flicking belly promptly has the milky seminal fluid to flow out, and selects the male Oreochromis aureus of sufficient amount simultaneously than 3: 1 by male and female.These parent populations are put into indoor aquarium, and inflation is to guarantee dissolved oxygen.Adopt manual injection's ocyodinic, ocyodinic is: human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) dosage is 300 units/kg fish body weight, short corpus luteum releasing hormone analog (LRH-A
2) dosage is that 2 micrograms/kg fish body weight, DOM (DOM) dosage are: 2 milligrams/kg fish body weight, fish hypophysis (PG) dosage are: 4 milligrams/kg fish body weight.Above-mentioned ocyodinic carries out the manual injection hastens parturition, and female, the male individuality of Oreochromis aureus all adopts a shot, and male mandarin fish both injectable ocyodinic can not injected yet, and decides on sperm volume, and lack of quantity of spermatic fluid is promptly injected, and amount need not injection at most.Behind the injection oxytocic hormone, Oreochromis aureus is female, milter is separately raised, and reaching hormone effect before the time 3-4 hour, milter is dragged in the female fish box, it is chased lay eggs.26 ℃ of-30 ℃ of water temperatures, the effect time was generally 24-30 hour, and temperature is high more, and the effect time is short more.
When waiting to observe the Oreochromis aureus raun and discharging a small amount of ovum, pull out immediately, mature egg is clamp-oned in the enamel basin of cleaning and drying, clamp-on the mandarin fish seminal fluid rapidly, mix thoroughly fast with clean, soft poultry feather, pour fully the physiological saline of aeration (sodium chloride concentration 0.65% to 0.9% all can) into, fertilized an egg 0.5-minute-1 minute.Fertilized egg poured in the glass culture dish hatch, the hatching water is the cold boiling water of abundant aeration.In hatching process, at any time the ovum of death is inhaled and gone, preventing the putrid and deteriorated polluted water of dead ovum, every half an hour to 1 hour, wave and culture ware gently is in case a side variable color necrosis of ovum and the surperficial Long contact time of culture dish.Because Oreochromis aureus and mandarin fish are distant hybridization, its hybrid generation abnormal rate is very high, survival rate is extremely low, arranged two periods that lethality is high in embryo development procedure, the one, gastrul stage, the 2nd, membrane, and from blastaea, the hybrid generation embryonic development is slower more than 12 hours than normal Oreochromis aureus self-bred progeny.Hatchability of fertile eggs is far below self-bred progeny, below 1 ‰.Behind the hybridization fry membrane, can change in the aquarium and raise, support to 3-5cm and move into the continuation cultivation of open-air pond.
The unique distinction of cross method of the present invention mainly is to select sexually matured Tilapia mossambica, by manual injection's oxytocic hormone, obtains mature egg, and carries out distant hybridization with mandarin fish, successfully cultivates and obtains hybridization fish.
Embodiment 2:
When water temperature reached more than 26 ℃, it was maternal as hybridization to select purebred Oreochromis aureus, and the hybridization male parent is then selected the male mandarin fish that the milky seminal fluid flows out, and selects the male Oreochromis aureus of sufficient amount simultaneously than 3: 1 by male and female.These parent populations are put into indoor aquarium, and inflation is to guarantee dissolved oxygen.Adopt manual injection's ocyodinic, ocyodinic is: human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) dosage is 350 units/kg fish body weight, short corpus luteum releasing hormone analog (LRH-A
2) dosage is that 3.5 micrograms/kg fish body weight, DOM (DOM) dosage are: 2.5 milligrams/kg fish body weight, fish hypophysis (PG) dosage are: 5 milligrams/kg fish body weight.Adopt the cross method among the embodiment 1, can successfully cultivate the acquisition hybridization fish equally.
Embodiment 3:
When water temperature reached more than 26 ℃, it was maternal as hybridization to select sexually matured Tilapia mossambica, and the male mandarin fish that the hybridization male parent flows out for the milky seminal fluid by manual injection's ocyodinic, obtains mature egg, and carries out distant hybridization with mandarin fish.Manual injection's ocyodinic is respectively: human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) dosage is 400 units/kg fish body weight, short corpus luteum releasing hormone analog (LRH-A
2) dosage is that 5 micrograms/kg fish body weight, DOM (DOM) dosage are: 3 milligrams/kg fish body weight, fish hypophysis (PG) dosage are: 6 milligrams/kg fish body weight.And the cross method among the employing embodiment 1,2, can successfully cultivate the acquisition hybridization fish equally.
Claims (2)
1, the cross method of a kind of Oreochromis aureus and mandarin fish is characterized in that adopting following method to carry out:
(1), when water temperature reaches more than 26 ℃, select full, the gonopore projection of postabdomen, the purebred preferably Oreochromis aureus of the physically fit bodily form is maternal as hybridization, the hybridization male parent is then selected the male mandarin fish that the flicking belly promptly has the milky seminal fluid to flow out, selected male and female, male Oreochromis aureus than 3: 1 by male and female simultaneously, above-mentioned parent population is put into indoor aquarium, and inflation is to guarantee dissolved oxygen;
(2), adopt ocyodinic to carry out the manual injection, ocyodinic is respectively: human chorionic gonadotrophin, short corpus luteum releasing hormone analog, DOM, fish hypophysis, female, the male individuality of Oreochromis aureus all adopts a shot, and male mandarin fish injection ocyodinic also can not injected ocyodinic;
(3), with behind the above-mentioned parent population injection oxytocic hormone,, milter female Oreochromis aureus separately raised, and will reach hormone effect before the time 3-4 hour, milter is dragged in the female fish box again, it is chased lays eggs, when water temperature at 26 ℃-30 ℃, the effect time was generally 24-30 hour;
(4), when the Oreochromis aureus raun is discharged a small amount of ovum, pull out immediately, mature egg is clamp-oned in the enamel basin of cleaning and drying, clamp-on the mandarin fish seminal fluid, mix thoroughly fast with clean, soft poultry feather, pour the fully physiological saline of aeration into, sodium chloride concentration 0.65% to 0.9% all can, the 0.5-1 branch fertilizes an egg;
(5), fertilized egg poured in the glass culture dish hatches, the hatching water adopts the cold boiling water of abundant aeration, water temperature is at 26 ℃-30 ℃;
(6), in hatching process, the ovum of death inhaled goes, every 0.5-1 hour, the wave and culture ware was inhaled the ovum of death at any time and is gone gently;
(7), behind the hybridization fry membrane, change in the aquarium and raise, support and move into open-air pond to the 3-5cm and continue to cultivate and be hybridization fish.
2, the cross method of Oreochromis aureus according to claim 1 and mandarin fish, it is characterized in that described ocyodinic is respectively: human chorionic gonadotrophin dosage is: 300-400 unit/kg fish body weight, short corpus luteum releasing hormone dosage are: 1-5 microgram/kg fish body weight, DOM dosage are: 2-3 milligram/kg fish body weight, fish hypophysis dosage are: 4-6 milligram/kg fish body weight.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 200410044894 CN1261021C (en) | 2004-05-25 | 2004-05-25 | Hybrid method of Afria crucia carp and mandarin fish |
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| CN 200410044894 CN1261021C (en) | 2004-05-25 | 2004-05-25 | Hybrid method of Afria crucia carp and mandarin fish |
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| CN1261021C true CN1261021C (en) | 2006-06-28 |
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| CN 200410044894 Expired - Fee Related CN1261021C (en) | 2004-05-25 | 2004-05-25 | Hybrid method of Afria crucia carp and mandarin fish |
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100353922C (en) * | 2005-09-01 | 2007-12-12 | 厦门大学 | Cross breeding method among venussear mottles of different geographical population |
| CN101317558B (en) * | 2008-06-16 | 2010-12-29 | 中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 | Distant hybridization method for hucho trout and brachymystax lenok |
| CN102106279B (en) * | 2011-01-12 | 2013-01-02 | 中山大学 | Hybrid seedlings-cultivating method for improving growth traits of siniperca scherzeri |
| CN102640717B (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2014-11-05 | 广东省淡水名优鱼类种苗繁育中心 | All-year-round artificial propagation method of Tilapia aurea |
| CN105265362A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2016-01-27 | 江西省水产科学研究所 | Cross breeding method for improving growth traits of slender mandarinfish |
| CN107155970A (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2017-09-15 | 湖南文理学院 | A kind of mandarin fish and Tilapia mossambica quasi aromatic hybrid rice breeding method |
| CN108834957B (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2021-05-18 | 中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所 | Method for gynogenesis of tilapia nilotica and siniperca chuatsi |
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