CN114651751A - Artificial fry breeding method for yellow lip fish - Google Patents
Artificial fry breeding method for yellow lip fish Download PDFInfo
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- CN114651751A CN114651751A CN202111636392.7A CN202111636392A CN114651751A CN 114651751 A CN114651751 A CN 114651751A CN 202111636392 A CN202111636392 A CN 202111636392A CN 114651751 A CN114651751 A CN 114651751A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention provides an artificial breeding method of yellow-lipped fish, which comprises the steps of setting an induced spawning and hatching environment factor and determining an induced spawning agent dosage for the yellow-lipped fish, setting a fry breeding environment factor, setting biological bait and strengthening nutrition for larval and juvenile fish and feeding a compound feed. Firstly, pituitary extract of the fish of the family Botryoidae is added with chorionic gonadotropin for induced spawning; setting the illumination, sound wave and salinity in the environmental factors in the induced spawning stage, and naturally spawning, discharging sperm and inseminating after aging for 40 hours. And secondly, regulating and controlling the biological bait nutrition enhancer, and simultaneously regulating and controlling the salinity, water temperature and illumination changes in the growth and development stages of the larvae and the juvenile fish and the changed water flow stimulation. The invention breaks through the technical bottleneck that the artificial breeding of the yellow lipped fish in China cannot be successful for decades, fills the blank of breeding large-scale stone-head fishes at home and abroad, and has positive promotion effect on germplasm protection and resource recovery of the yellow lipped fish which is the first-class endangered species in China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of artificial breeding of large-scale brachymystax lenok.f fish, and particularly relates to a technical method for artificial breeding of yellow lipped fish and application thereof.
Background
The breeding engineering of the aquatic industry is the most important in the development of the aquaculture industry in China at present, high-quality germplasm resources are mastered, high-quality seedlings are provided and natural resources are recovered through artificial breeding, and the method has practical and strategic significance for developing the construction of blue granaries and protecting marine ecological environment. At present, most of the breeds developed in China for breeding seawater fishes are concentrated on small and medium-sized fishes, such as red sea bream, black sea bream, paralichthys olivaceus, takifugu rubripes, trachinotus ovatus, large yellow croaker, weever and the like. The method is limited by lack of large fish species resources and corresponding matched facility equipment, breeding research on large fish species is not much in China, and the method is hardly applied to breeding production. The breeding of the large-scale stone-headed fishes such as the yellow lip fishes is not only reported but also lacks practical operation experience at home and abroad.
The hemibarbus flavomarginatus is a large fish in the family of Sciadoptera shiseki and is a special economic species in China, the hemibarbus flavomarginatus has special requirements on the ecological environment, but the environmental conditions of the original habitat cannot meet the requirements on growth and survival of the hemibarbus flavomarginatus, and in addition, the natural resources are rapidly reduced due to disordered fishing for more than twenty years, so that the hemibarbus flavomarginatus is currently classified as a first-level endangered protected animal in China. In order to prevent the precious species from being extincted and fully protect the species, in units with protection duty and breeding qualification, the recovery, protection, breeding and releasing are carried out, the biodiversity is recovered, and the habitat of the original habitat is restored, which is an urgent task. Particularly, a set of regulation and control technology suitable for corresponding yellow lipped fish breeding is found to be necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems, develops breeding rescue in a qualified breeding field with manually adjustable environmental factors, obtains a whole set of technical method of accelerating maturity, hastening parturition, hatching and breeding of the yellow lip fish, and creatively establishes a technical route for breeding large-scale stone-headed fishes, particularly yellow lip fish fries.
According to the ecological habits of the yellowlip fishes, the preparation formulation and dosage of the matched ripening acceleration and spawning acceleration are figured out by regulating and controlling salinity, water temperature, audio frequency, illumination and water flow in the ripening acceleration process of parent fishes, so that the development of the gonads of the yellowlip fishes in the IV stage reaches the V stage; the culture of the fry of the yellow-lipped carps is realized by setting environmental factors for culturing the fry of the yellow-lipped carps, setting biological baits for the fry and the young carps, strengthening nutrition and matching with a feeding strategy of a feed.
For the purpose, the specific implementation scheme of the invention is as follows:
1. establishment of method for accelerating maturation of yellow croaker
Comprises two parts of regulation of environmental factors and selection of a ripener.
The parent fish ripener is prepared from pituitary extract of other large and medium fishes (spotted maigre) in the family Caryophyllidae and chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), and the injection amount of the ripener is as follows: 2 micrograms pituitary extract per kilogram body weight of fish +500 international units chorionic gonadotropin per kilogram body weight of fish.
In the environmental factors, the salinity is kept at 12, the water temperature is controlled at 24 ℃ during ripening, the illumination day-night ratio is changed from 4:20 to 12:12 gradually within 5 days, the playing of the parent fish audio sound is changed from the original playing for 11 hours to the playing for 1 hour, the playing is stopped for 5 hours, the pH value is 7.6-8.0, the water flow is 0.3m/s, the micro-aeration is carried out, and the dissolved oxygen is kept at 7 mg/L. The ripening time is 5-7 days.
In the invention, the development and the estrus of the parent fish of the yellow lipped are promoted by playing the cry of the parent fish and adjusting the illumination day-night ratio, and the method is initiated in the field of breeding of marine fishes.
2. Method for hastening parturition and hatching yellow lip fish
Currently, most of oxytocides used for oxytocic of marine fishes are luteinizing releasing hormone analogue (LRH-A) + chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), and Diospyrone (DOM) is also added. The invention considers that the yellow-lipped carps are large-scale stone family fishes, not only the oxytocic substances with high similarity and little resistance are found out on the dosage form, but also the dosage and the time effect are considered, and the pituitary extract and the chorionic gonadotropin of other large and medium-sized fishes (spotted maigre) in the stone family fishes are selected for the first time. The catalytic yield is respectively as follows: 5 micrograms pituitary extract/kg fish body weight +1000 international units chorionic gonadotropin/kg fish body weight, oxytocic time of 40 hours. The test proves that the oxytocic preparation and the dosage of the invention have obvious oxytocic effect.
The methods for performing the ripener and oxytocin injection operations are the same as described above, and are as follows: fishing out the parent fish by using wet cloth containing MS-222 anesthetic, wrapping and placing the parent fish on an operation table, injecting a ripener or an oxytocic into a body cavity at the base part of the ventral fin after the parent fish does not struggle, then pouring water with the same temperature and salinity onto the head part, and putting the parent fish into a pool for observation after the concentration of the anesthetic in the wet cloth is reduced.
The culture environment conditions for the parent fish during the catalysis are as follows: salinity is 12, temperature is 24-26 ℃, water flow is 0.2m/s, pH is 7.6-8.0, and dissolved oxygen in the pool is not less than 7mg/L by aeration. And (4) hastening parturition for about 40 hours, then enabling male and female yellow lipped individuals to naturally lay eggs and discharge sperms in the pond, and forming fertilized eggs after insemination is completed. When the embryo grows to the blastocyst stage, the embryo floating up to the water surface layer is fished out by a dip net, washed by clean same-temperature same-salt seawater for a plurality of times and then placed into a hatching net cage of a seedling raising pool for hatching.
The embryo hatching of marine fishes is usually carried out in a hatching barrel, or in a pond or a cement pond, or in a net cage arranged in the pond. The setting of the environmental factors is the same as the environmental factors for the life inhabitation of the parent fish. However, different species of fish still have different water flow, pH, temperature and salinity during hatching, resulting in larger differences in hatching rate and hatching time.
According to the characteristics of the development of the yellow lipped embryos (the egg diameter is 1.1 +/-0.2 mm, the oil ball diameter is 0.3 +/-0.06 mm) and the environmental conditions (salinity 10) of the parent fishes, in order to ensure that the embryos are not overlapped in water and the embryos are kept rolling in the water all the time and simultaneously meet the salinity conditions during the reinforcement of the parent fishes, the invention creates a device and environmental conditions: (1) enlarging the area to ensure that the fertilized eggs are not overlapped, setting the shape of the net cage to be circular to ensure that the fertilized eggs are not accumulated, and simultaneously placing an inflation head at the center of the bottom to ensure that the middle flow of the net cage flows to the periphery so as to ensure that the fertilized eggs of the yellow lipped fish always keep rolling under the condition of 12 salinity; (2) when the embryo develops to the heart beat stage, the salinity is gradually increased to 20, and the setting of the hatching salinity makes the survival and the provision of the bait organisms simpler and more convenient in the seedling raising process.
The spawning induction method and the hatching device are applied to the breeding process of the yellow lipped fishes for the first time, so that the fertility rate and the hatching rate of the yellow lipped fishes respectively reach 65 percent and 80 percent in the seedling breeding process, and approach or exceed the breeding level of other large and medium-sized varieties in the stone-head family fishes.
3. Regulation and control of environmental factors in seedling cultivation process
Preparing a fry breeding pond one week before spawning, completely sterilizing, injecting seawater into the fry breeding pond for 1.3m, adding 5ppm of composite viable bacteria stock solution (bacillus, bifidobacterium, photosynthetic bacteria, digestive bacteria, lactobacillus acidophilus, enterococcus faecalis and the like) and 2L of brown sugar solution, adding a small amount of chlorella and golden algae solution into the pond, and keeping the water color in the pond to be yellow-green. The transparency of pond water is 80cm, the illumination is 500-2000 lux, the water temperature is 24-26 ℃, the salinity is 20, the pond is slightly aerated, and the newly hatched fries can be inoculated for starting fry culture 5 days after water culture.
Generally, the environmental factors and bait composition for raising the seedlings are determined by setting the biological composition of the bait according to the level of the environmental factors of the conventional seawater and the development characteristics of the digestive system at the larval and juvenile stages to be raised. In the variety with relatively mature and stable seedling, the complete seedling raising technology is mastered and utilized by the technicians.
However, the fry breeding of the yellow lipped fishes is not tried previously, and meanwhile, the artificial breeding experience of the large-scale seawater fishes is lacked in China, and the referential experience is almost not available. Therefore, the invention firstly tries the artificial breeding technology of the yellow lipped fish, and sets the environmental factors of the breeding as follows: salinity is 20-25, water temperature is 24-26 ℃, pH is 7.8-8.2, ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 1mg/L, dissolved oxygen is more than or equal to 6mg/L, illumination is 500-2000 lux, and conventional management is carried out. The water is not changed 10 days before seedling culture, the temperature and salt of the seawater are changed for 20-50% every 10-20 days, the temperature and salt of the seawater are changed for 50-100% every 20-30 days, and the temperature and salt of the seawater are changed for 100-600% every 30 days.
4. Method for composition setting and nutrition enhancement of bait organisms in seedling cultivation process
The composition of the biological bait is set as follows: feeding the rotifers with the nutrition enrichment at the age of 3-5 days, wherein the density of the rotifers is 20-25/ml; 6-10 days old, and the density of rotifers is 15-20 rotifers/ml; feeding the rotifers and copepods aged 11-20 days old with nutrition-enriched rotifers and copepods, wherein the density of the rotifers is maintained at 7-15/ml, and the density of the copepods larvae is maintained at 2-4/ml; feeding adult copepods when the age is 21-30 days, keeping the density of the copepods more than 2-3 per ml, and gradually domesticating and feeding artificial compound feed; when the feed is 30-40 days old, the artificial mixed feed is still domesticated and fed except that the large-size copepods with the size of more than 2mm are fed, the density is maintained at 1-2/ml; all the mixed feeds are fed after 40 days of age.
The nutrition strengthening method of the biological bait for rotifers or copepods and the like comprises the following steps: culturing rotifer under nutrient enrichment with water kettle for 5ppm algae powder, 2ppm Euphausia superba powder and chlorella liquid for 6 hr; and (3) strengthening copepods with 2ppm antarctic krill powder for 4 hours and then feeding.
The compound feed domestication method comprises the following steps of feeding the pond when the illumination intensity of the water surface in the pond reaches 10lux every morning until the illumination intensity of the water surface in the pond is not measured at night. In the period, the mixed feed with the grain diameter of 0.2mm is sprinkled into the pond every 1 hour, and the feeding amount is 0.01-0.1 ppm every time. The time for feeding is unchanged when the domestication period starts and ends every day. The feeding amount of the compound feed and the feeding proportion of the copepods are gradually changed from 1:8 to the whole feeding of the compound feed. The feeding amount of the compound feed is 100-300% of the weight of the fish.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the spawning induction method of the invention selects the homophyletic spotted maigre pituitary extract and HCG, and adopts the hatching technology which can avoid the deposition of fertilized eggs and meet the specific hatching environment factors (low salinity) through the regulation and control measures of specific environment factors such as sound, light, temperature, salt and the like, so that the fertilization rate and the hatching rate of the yellowlip maigre reach 65 percent and 80 percent respectively. The invention obtains the artificially-cultivated offspring endangered species-the yellow lip fish primary-hatched larval fish for the first time.
(2) The invention adopts a technology for regulating and controlling the environment factors for cultivating the fry and a combined bait feeding technology, and ensures that the fry of the lipped yellowtail which is hatched initially reaches the juvenile fish with the body length of 17.5 +/-1.4 cm after cultivation for 66 days. And technical support is provided for resource recovery, protection and release of endangered species.
The method is adopted for culturing the fry of the yellow-lipped fries, the result shows that the spawning amount is 30 ten thousand in total, about 20 ten thousand of fertilized eggs are obtained, the fertility rate is 65%, about 16 ten thousand of newly hatched fries are obtained, the hatchability reaches 80%, and the length of the juvenile fish reaches 17.5 +/-1.4 cm after 66 days of culture. And counting to obtain the young yellow lipped fish 10100 tail.
The method is suitable for industrial seedling raising of large-scale carps of the family Botryoidae, in particular to yellow lip fish under the artificial controllable condition (figure 3), and has good application prospect. The invention breaks through the technical bottleneck that the artificial breeding of the yellow lipped fish in China cannot be successful for decades, fills the blank of breeding large-scale stone-head fishes at home and abroad, and has positive promotion effect on germplasm protection and resource recovery of the yellow lipped fish which is the first-class endangered species in China.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a picture of a newly hatched larva fish obtained by culturing according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a picture of a young yellowlipped fish cultured according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a picture of the fry of the yellow lipped fish of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following embodiments are implemented on the premise of the technical scheme of the invention, and give detailed implementation modes and specific operation procedures, but the protection scope of the invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
In 2021, 4 to 10 months, artificial breeding of yellow lip fish was performed in Georgia conservation center of Kaga marine biotechnology, Guangdong province.
1. Parent fish selection and ripening acceleration
21 lipped parent fish with mature gonad are examined tail by tail in an induced spawning operation pool, before the examination, anesthetic is used for anesthesia, wet cloth containing MS-222 anesthetic is used for fishing out the parent fish and then wrapping the parent fish and placing the parent fish on an operation table, after the fish do not struggle, coelom injection ripening agent is carried out on the basal part of ventral fin, pituitary extract of other large and medium fishes (spotted maigre) in the family of stone-headed fishes and chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) are selected, and the induced spawning dosage is respectively: 2 micrograms/kg fish weight +500 international units/kg fish weight. Then, water with the same temperature and salinity is used for pouring the head part, so that the concentration of the anesthetic in the wet cloth is reduced and then the head part is put back into the pool for feeding and observation.
The extraction steps of the pituitary extract are as follows: (1) selecting female and male spotted maigre with mature gonad, splitting the skull with a knife, taking out milky pituitary, removing blood filaments and adipose tissues and keeping the pituitary to be not broken; (2) dehydrating with acetone for 3 times (each time for 6 hr) at a ratio of pituitary gland to acetone of 1:10-20, and air drying for storage.
The environmental conditions of the parent fish pond are that the salinity is still maintained at 12, the water temperature is controlled at 24 ℃, the day-night ratio of illumination is gradually changed from 4:20 to 12:12, the audio frequency of the parent fish is changed from the original 12 hours to 1 hour to 6 hours to 1 hour, the pH value is 7.6-8.0, the water flow is 0.3m/s, the aeration is carried out slightly, and the dissolved oxygen is kept at 7 mg/L. The parent fish is inspected after the environmental condition is maintained for 5-7 days. Selecting 2 and 3 male and female fishes for standby. The standard is that the abdomen of the female fish is slightly enlarged, the hand is soft, a small amount of eggs flow out by lightly pressing from the head to the tail, and the gonad development reaches the stage IV; the male fish extrudes the abdomen to cause white seminal fluid to flow out.
In the invention, in order to accelerate the gonad development rate of parent fish and improve the development quality, the parent can be cultivated for about 40 days in an intensified way by environmental factor regulation and nutrition intensified cultivation in advance, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
in the aspect of environmental factor regulation, the salinity is directly reduced to 12 from 20 in the salinity of a natural sea area by adopting a slump method; the temperature is raised to 24 ℃ from the natural sea water temperature of 18 ℃ by adopting a (1 ℃/day) gradual rising method and then is stable; the sound is played by changing the sound emitted by the parent fish of the yellow lipped during the breeding process from the natural day-night ratio of 12:12 to 4:20 by a gradual change method (day minus 1 h/night plus 1h) through illumination; the circulation in the mode of stopping flowing water for 8 hours (0.2 s/m) of flowing water +8 hours; the pH is 8.0-8.3, and the dissolved oxygen is maintained at 7mg/L or more by aeration. The fish and shrimp are fed with the feed every day, wherein the weight of the fish and the shrimp is 2-3% of the weight of the fish.
The additive for enhancing the gonadal development comprises the following components: 2 parts of cuttlefish viscera powder, 1 part of marine yeast, 1 part of algae powder, 1.5 parts of soybean lecithin, 1.5 parts of vitamin E, 2 parts of fish oil and 1 part of water. The powder is crushed by a 300-mesh ultrafine crusher, uniformly mixed according to a conventional stepwise expansion method, added with fish oil and water for secondary mixing, and then filled into capsules to be refrigerated for later use, wherein the content of each capsule is 5 g. Before feeding, the capsule is stuffed into a feed fish body or a shrimp body, the feed is fed to the yellow croaker, the ratio of the additive to be ingested into the parent fish body is 0.001-0.0015%, and the amount of the additive needs to be enhanced by about 10-15 g (2-3 capsules) based on 10 kg of the weight of the parent fish.
2. Hasten parturition and hatching
The oxytocic preparation formulation adopts pituitary extract of other large and medium fishes (spodophyllum aquatilis) in the family of the groupers of the family of the groupers (spodophyllum aquatilidum) and chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) produced by Ningbo second hormone factory, and the oxytocic dosage of female fishes is as follows: 5 microgram of hypophysis extract of Nibea biflorna/kg body weight of fish +1000 international units HCG/kg body weight of fish; the male fish is halved.
After spawning is induced, the parent fish is put back into the parent fish pond to be spawned, and the main environmental conditions in the parent fish pond are set as follows: salinity is 12, the temperature is 24-26 ℃, water flow is 0.3m/s, pH is 7.6-8.0, and dissolved oxygen in the pool is enabled to be more than or equal to 7mg/L by aeration. Hasten parturition for about 40 hours, and then the male and female yellow lipped individuals naturally lay eggs and discharge sperms in the pond. After insemination a fertilized egg is formed. When the embryo grows to the blastocyst stage, the embryo floating up to the water surface layer is fished out by a dip net, washed by clean same-temperature same-salt seawater for a plurality of times and then placed into a hatching net cage of a seedling-raising pool for hatching.
The hatching net cage is set to be 2m in area2The shape is round, the depth of the net cage is 1.0m, the water surface is exposed 0.3m, and the bottom of the center of the net cage is inflated. The salinity is set from 12 salinity of the initial stage to 20 salinity of the gradually increased salt from the development of the embryo to the heartbeat stage, the water temperature is 24-26 ℃, the natural illumination is carried out, the pH value is 7.6-8.2, the micro-aeration is carried out, and the dissolved oxygen is kept above 7 mg/L. The embryo is hatched for 20 hours to obtain about 16 thousands of hatchlings of the yellow lipped fish (figure 1), the average fertility rate and the hatchability respectively reach 65 percent and 80 percent, and the endangered species-yellowThe salvation and the protective breeding of the hemibarbus labeo are broken through.
3. Preparation of fry rearing pond
Preparing fry cultivating ponds (6 m in diameter and 1.5m deep in pond and 6 mouths) one week before spawning, completely sterilizing each cultivating pond, injecting seawater 1.3m, adding 5ppm of composite viable bacteria stock solution (bacillus, bifidobacterium, photosynthetic bacteria, digestive bacteria, lactobacillus acidophilus, enterococcus faecalis and the like) and 2L of brown sugar solution, adding a small amount of chlorella and golden algae solution into the ponds, and keeping the water color in the ponds to be yellow green. The transparency of pond water is 80cm, the illumination is 500-2000 lux, the water temperature is 24-26 ℃, the salinity is 20, the pond is slightly aerated, and the newly hatched fries can be inoculated for starting fry culture 5 days after water culture.
4. Fry rearing
4.1 the composition of the feed organisms for breeding the yellow lip fry is set as follows: feeding the newly hatched fries 3 days old with the rotifers with enhanced nutrition as the main, wherein the density of the rotifers is 20-25/ml; 6-10 days old, and the density of rotifers is 15-20 rotifers/ml; feeding rotifers filtered by a 100-mesh net and copepods filtered by 80 meshes at the age of 11-20 days, wherein the density of the rotifers is maintained at 7-15/ml, and the density of the copepods larvae is maintained at 2-4/ml; feeding the adult copepods when the adult copepods are 21-30 days old, wherein the density of the copepods is maintained to be more than 2-3 per ml. Feeding large-size copepods with the age of 30-40 days, keeping the density of the copepods to be 2-3/ml, and gradually domesticating and feeding artificial compound feed; all the mixed feeds are fed after 40 days of age. The young yellow lipped and the seedling culture situation in the factory culture pond are respectively shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3.
4.2 the acclimatization method of the compound feed comprises the following steps of starting feeding when the illumination intensity of the water surface in the pond reaches 10lux every morning until the illumination intensity of the water surface in the pond is not measured at night. In the period, the compound feed with the grain diameter of 0.2mm is sprinkled into the pool every 1 hour, and the feeding amount is 0.01-0.1 ppm every time. The time for feeding is unchanged when the domestication period starts and ends every day. The feeding amount of the compound feed and the feeding proportion of the copepods are gradually changed from 1:8 to the whole feeding of the compound feed. The feeding amount of the compound feed is 100-300% of the weight of the fish.
4.3 biological bait nutrition strengthening method, sprinkling about 0.5ppm of composite bacteria stock solution in the nursery pond every other day, keeping the transparency of the chlorella and the chrysophyceae at about 70 cm; the rotifer nutrition strengthening culture is fed after being strengthened for 6 hours by using an algae powder column for 5ppm, antarctic krill powder for 2ppm and chlorella liquid; after temporarily keeping the artemia nauplii for 48 hours, feeding the artemia nauplii after being reinforced by 5ppm of algae powder, 2ppm of krill powder and chlorella liquid for 6 hours. And (3) enhancing copepods with 2ppm antarctic krill powder for 4 hours, and feeding.
4.4 the method for regulating the environmental factors of the seedling comprises the following steps of enabling the water temperature to be 24-26 ℃, enabling the salinity to be 20-25, enabling the illumination to be 500-2000 lux, enabling the pH to be 7.8-8.2, carrying out micro aeration, enabling the dissolved oxygen to be more than or equal to 6mg/L, changing water 10 days before the seedling, changing the same-temperature and same-salt clean seawater 20-50% every 10-20 days, changing the same-temperature and same-salt clean seawater 50-100% every 20-30 days, and changing the same-temperature and same-salt clean seawater 100-600% every 30 days after the seedling.
Tests show that by adopting the artificial breeding method, the spawning amount of the yellowlip fish is totally 30 ten thousand, about 20 ten thousand fertilized eggs are obtained, the fertility rate is 65%, about 16 ten thousand newly hatched fries are obtained, the hatchability reaches 80%, and the juvenile fish body length reaches 17.5 +/-1.4 cm after 66-day cultivation. And counting to obtain the young yellow lipped fish 10100 tail. The method makes pioneering contribution to the rescue, protection, proliferation and development and utilization of germplasm resources of the endangered species of the yellow lipped.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited thereto, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and the scope of the appended claims is to be accorded the full scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. An artificial fry breeding method for hemibarbus flavolabialis is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. ripening acceleration of parent fish
Injecting a ripening agent into the cavity of the parent fish of the yellow-lipped fish, culturing for 5-7 days under a specific environment condition, checking,
the ripener is a composition of pituitary extract and chorionic gonadotropin of other large and medium fishes in the family Caryophyllidae; when parent fish is cultured, besides maintaining certain salinity and water temperature, adjusting the illumination day-night ratio and the audio frequency of the parent fish, maintaining the pH value of water flow to be 7.6-8.0, and keeping the dissolved oxygen to be more than 7 mg/L;
B. hasten parturition and hatch
Injecting an oxytocic into the cavity of the ripened parent fish body, and putting the parent fish body back into a parent fish pool for spawning, wherein the oxytocic is the same as the ripener, the injection amount of the female fish parent is 2-2.5 times of the injection amount of the ripener, and the injection amount of the male fish parent is equivalent to that of the ripener; the environment to be spawned of the parent fish is the same as the culture environment, but the illumination day-night ratio and the audio frequency and sound adjustment of the parent fish are not carried out;
inseminating fertilized eggs after natural spermiation and spawning to form fertilized eggs which float on the water surface layer of the pond, collecting the fertilized eggs when embryos develop to a blastocyst stage, placing the fertilized eggs into an incubation net cage in a seedling pond, incubating under a set environmental condition to keep the fertilized eggs of the yellow-lipped yellowtail rolling under the condition of 12 salinity all the time, and gradually increasing the salinity to 20 when the embryos develop to a heartbeat stage;
C. fry rearing
Preparing a fry breeding pond one week before spawning, completely sterilizing, injecting seawater, adding a compound viable bacteria stock solution with a certain concentration and a brown sugar solution, simultaneously adding a small amount of chlorella and golden algae solution into the pond, keeping the water color in the pond yellow green, and inoculating the newly hatched fries to start breeding 5 days after water culture under certain conditions;
when the fry of the yellow lip fish is cultivated, the composition of the bait organisms is set as follows: feeding the newly hatched fries 3 days old with the rotifers with enhanced nutrition as the main, wherein the density of the rotifers is 20-25/ml; 6-10 days old, and the density of rotifers is 15-20 rotifers/ml; feeding rotifers filtered by a 100-mesh net and copepods filtered by 80 meshes at the age of 11-20 days, wherein the density of the rotifers is maintained at 7-15/ml, and the density of copepods larvae is maintained at 2-4/ml; feeding adult copepods when the adult copepods are 21-30 days old, wherein the density of the copepods is maintained to be more than 2-3 per ml; feeding large-size copepods with the age of 30-40 days, keeping the density of the copepods to be 2-3/ml, and gradually domesticating and feeding artificial compound feed; all the mixed feed is fed after 40 days of age,
the method for regulating and controlling the environmental factors for seedling culture comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of enabling water temperature to be 24-26 ℃, salinity to be 20-25, illumination to be 500-2000 lux, pH to be 7.8-8.2, micro-inflating, enabling dissolved oxygen to be more than or equal to 6mg/L, changing water before seedling culture for 10 days, changing the same-temperature and same-salt clean seawater for 10-20 days for 20-50% every day, changing the same-temperature and same-salt clean seawater for 20-30 days for 50-100% every day, and changing the same-temperature and same-salt clean seawater for 30 days for 100-600% every day.
2. The artificial fry rearing method for yellow lipped fish according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in the step A, when parent fish ripening is carried out, the injection amount of the ripener is as follows: 2 micrograms pituitary extract per kilogram body weight of fish +500 international units chorionic gonadotropin per kilogram body weight of fish;
in the step B, when parent fish spawning is performed, the injection amount of the spawning accelerator of the female fish parent is as follows: 5 micrograms pituitary extract/kg fish body weight +1000 international units chorionic gonadotropin/kg fish body weight, the male fish parent injection volume was halved.
3. The artificial fry rearing method for yellow lipped fish according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in the step A and the step B, the injection operation method comprises the following steps: fishing out the parent fish by using wet cloth containing MS-222 anesthetic, wrapping and placing the parent fish on an operation table, injecting a ripener or an oxytocic into a body cavity at the base part of the ventral fin after the parent fish does not struggle, then pouring water with the same temperature and salinity onto the head part, and putting the parent fish into a pool for observation after the concentration of the anesthetic in the wet cloth is reduced.
4. The artificial fry rearing method for yellow lipped fish according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in the step A, the conditions of the parent fish culture environment are as follows: the salinity is maintained at 12, the water temperature is controlled at 24 ℃ during ripening, the illumination day-night ratio is gradually changed from 4:20 to 12:12 within 5-7 days, the audio sound of the parent fish is changed from the original sound played for 1 hour to the sound played for 5 hours, the pH value is 7.6-8.0, the water flow is 0.2m/s, the aeration is carried out, and the dissolved oxygen is kept above 7 mg/L;
in the step B, the conditions of the parent fish culture environment are as follows: salinity is 12, temperature is 24-26 ℃, water flow is 0.2m/s, pH is 7.6-8.0, and dissolved oxygen in the pool is enabled to be more than or equal to 7mg/L by aeration.
5. The artificial fry rearing method for yellow lipped fish according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in the step A, the parent fish standard is as follows: the belly of the female fish is slightly enlarged, the female fish touches soft, a small amount of eggs flow out by slightly pressing from the head to the tail, and the gonad development reaches the stage IV; the male fish extrudes the abdomen to cause white seminal fluid to flow out.
6. The artificial fry rearing method for yellow lipped fish according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of:
wherein, in the step B, the area of the hatching net cage is 2m2The shape of the net cage is circular, the depth of the net cage is 1.0m, the net cage is exposed out of the water surface by 0.3m, the upper part and the lower part of the net cage are respectively provided with a circle of fixing rings, the middle of the lower fixing ring is additionally provided with a cross shape, and the center of the lower fixing ring is provided with an inflation head;
the culture conditions of the fertilized eggs are as follows: the salinity is gradually increased to 20 from 12 at the beginning to the embryo development to the heartbeat period, the water temperature is controlled to be 24-26 ℃, the natural illumination is carried out, the pH value is 7.6-8.2, the micro aeration is carried out, the dissolved oxygen is kept at 7mg/L, and the primarily hatched yellow lipped fry is obtained after the embryo is hatched for 20 hours.
7. The artificial fry rearing method for yellow lipped fish according to claim 1, characterized in that:
wherein, in the step C, the seawater is injected into the cultivating pool to a depth of 1.3m, 5ppm of composite viable bacteria stock solution containing bacillus, bifidobacterium, photosynthetic bacteria, digestive bacteria, lactobacillus acidophilus and enterococcus faecalis and 2L of brown sugar solution are added, a small amount of chlorella and golden algae solution are added into the pool, and the water color in the pool maintains yellow green; the transparency of pond water is 80cm, the illumination is 500-2000 lux, the water temperature is 24-26 ℃, the salinity is 20, the pond is slightly aerated, and the newly hatched fries can be inoculated for starting fry culture 5 days after water culture.
8. The artificial fry rearing method for yellow lipped fish according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in the step C, the method for enhancing the nutrition of the biological bait comprises the following steps: sprinkling about 0.5ppm of composite bacteria stock solution in a nursery pond at intervals, and keeping the transparency of chlorella and golden algae at about 70 cm; culturing rotifer under nutrient enrichment with water kettle for 5ppm algae powder, 2ppm Euphausia superba powder and chlorella liquid for 6 hr; after temporarily culturing artemia nauplii for 48 hours, reinforcing the artemia nauplii by using 5ppm of algae powder, 2ppm of antarctic krill powder and chlorella liquid for 6 hours and feeding the artemia nauplii; and (3) strengthening copepods with 2ppm antarctic krill powder for 4 hours and then feeding.
9. The artificial fry rearing method for yellow lipped fish according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the domestication method for feeding the compound feed is characterized by comprising the following steps of: feeding is started every morning when the illumination intensity of the water surface in the pool reaches 10lux, and feeding is stopped until the illumination intensity of the water surface in the pool is not measured at night; splashing compound feed with the grain diameter of 0.2mm into the pool 12-16 times per day in the period of 21-30 days old, wherein the feeding amount is 2-10 g/m3 per day; after 30-40 days of age, the time for starting and ending feeding every day in the domestication period is unchanged, the feeding amount of the compound feed and the feeding proportion of the copepods are gradually changed from 1:8 of the starting amount to the whole amount of the compound feed, and the grain size is also increased to 0.5 mm; the feeding amount of the compound feed after 40 days of age is 100-300% of the weight of the fish, and the particle size is increased accordingly.
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