CN100388880C - Method for obtaining high quality fertilized egg of scophthatmus maximus - Google Patents

Method for obtaining high quality fertilized egg of scophthatmus maximus Download PDF

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CN100388880C
CN100388880C CNB2005100424419A CN200510042441A CN100388880C CN 100388880 C CN100388880 C CN 100388880C CN B2005100424419 A CNB2005100424419 A CN B2005100424419A CN 200510042441 A CN200510042441 A CN 200510042441A CN 100388880 C CN100388880 C CN 100388880C
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ovum
kilograms
parent population
artificial
eggs
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CN1647622A (en
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马爱军
陈超
雷霁霖
庄志猛
王印庚
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Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
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Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for obtaining high quality fertilized eggs of scophthatmus maximus, which comprises two aspects of the parent fish cultivation and the artificial collection of the eggs and the artificial fertilization, wherein the parent fish cultivation comprises the optimization and the cultivation conditions of the parent fish, the feed and the feeding of the parent fish, the water temperature of the parent fish and the regulation of illumination; the artificial collection of the eggs and the artificial fertilization comprise the artificial collection of the eggs and the operation for the artificial fertilization. The present invention is a set of complete and comprehensive controlling technical methods from the parent fish cultivation of the scophthatmus maximus to the artificial collection of the eggs and the artificial fertilization, and can enhance the survival rate of the eggs and the successful rate of the fertilization by mastering the technical measures of key links so as to obtain high quality fertilized eggs. Among 240 parent fishes as a whole reproduction group, the eggs of the ovulating parent fishes are extruded once every day; through microscopical examination, the average survival rate of the eggs in every batch is 87.8%, sigma (n)-3HUFA of the obtained fertilized eggs accounts for 20.38% of fatty acid content, the average successful rate of the fertilization is 89.6%, and the hatching rate is 50.8%.

Description

Obtain the method for high quality fertilized egg of scophthatmus maximus
Technical field:
The invention belongs to turbot and culture raising technology, is a kind of in the parent fish rearing and the method for adopting acquisition high quality fertilized egg of scophthatmus maximus in the ovum insemination.
Background technology:
Turbot has obtained the success of seed breeding and breed since 1992 introduce China, at the coastal aquaculture industry that forms turbot of northern China, and the instability of quality but turbot is laid eggs, ovum quality is poor, has seriously restricted the development of turbot industry.How obtaining high quality fertilized egg of scophthatmus is problem demanding prompt solution.Before the present invention makes, also there is not relevant report for the complex art that obtains high quality fertilized egg of scophthatmus maximus.About the embryonic development of catching turbot fertilized eggs the research report is arranged in the world, but obtain high quality fertilized egg of scophthatmus how correlation technique is not provided, the N.Devauchelle (1988) at France Brest fishery study center has studied and has caught laying eggs of turbot, only turbot fertilized eggs is carried out biochemical analysis in the text, and inquired into the initial development of the market of fertilized egg.(2003) such as Huanghai Sea aquatic products research institute thunder cease raining or snowing continuous heavy rain, Ma Aijun have studied the embryo and the larvae juvenile fish of turbot in great detail and have grown.The Howell of Britain Kang Wei fisheries research laboratory, B.R.1989. find that there is overdone phenomenon in the turbot ovum.Overdone fertilized egg will cause archiblast and fertilized egg quality to descend.Above-mentioned research, they are the research that concentrates on aspects such as the biochemical composition of ovum and embryonic development, and do not propose how to obtain the complex art of high quality fertilized egg of scophthatmus.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of technology that obtains high quality fertilized egg of scophthatmus maximus, is in the process of parent fish rearing and technology of artificial insemination, by the grasp of key link technical measures, obtains high quality fertilized egg of scophthatmus maximus.
The present invention realizes by following technical scheme: its technology contents comprises parent fish rearing and ovum artificial collection two aspects of inseminating:
One, the cultivation of parent population: comprise parent population preferred and breeding condition, parent population feed and feed, the water temperature of parent population, illumination regulation and control:
1, the preferred and breeding condition of parent population: preferred body colour is the turbot of normal body colour.Turbot raun 3-6 age, body weight 3000-6000 gram, total length reaches 40-60 centimetre; Milter 2-6 age, body weight 2000-5000 gram, total length 30-50 centimetre; The inflation of seawater flowing water is cultured, and full anniversary condition of water quality situation of change is: dissolved oxygen is>6.0mg/L that the PH scope is: 7.8-8., and salinity is 25-35 ‰, water temperature is 8-20 ℃.
2, the feed of parent population and feeding:
The feed of parent population: be the artifical compound feed of preparation, the suitable content of protein is 〉=45%; The suitable content of lipid is 〉=10%, wherein the suitable proportion of ∑ n-3HUFA 〉=20%.
The preparation of feed: in 100 kilograms of batching materials, be mixed with half wet granular feed by feedstuff and consumption: its batching and consumption are: 60 kilograms of fresh defatted fish flours, 10 kilograms of dregs of beans, 10 kilograms of peanut meals, 4 kilograms of fodder yeasts, 2 kilograms of compound vitamins, 2 kilograms of composite mineral matters, 12 kilograms in fish oil.
Feeding of parent population: day throws something and feeds 2 times, and a day feeding volume is the 2%-5% of fish body body weight, should just begin to carry out at the first five months mating season, keeps whole mating season throwing something and feeding.
3, the water temperature of parent population, illumination regulation and control: the first five months that arrives in breeding period, the water temperature of turbot is controlled at about 8-10 ℃, light application time is 8 hours, intensity of illumination is about 100-500Lx.Grew through the accumulation of bimestrial low temperature before this, again with light application time by 8 hours every days with every day 0.5h speed increase to 16 hours every days gradually, water temperature by 8 ℃ with every day 0.5 ℃ speed progressively increase to 14 ℃, and then through individual month artificial regulatory of continuous 2-3, make parent population fully ripe, obtain the high-quality ovum.The egg-laying period temperature is controlled at 13-14 ℃, light application time 16 hours, and intensity of illumination is about 100-500Lx.
Two, ovum artificial collection insemination:
1, ovum artificial collection: the ovulation of turbot raun at interval, and is most between 80-90h.In the time of 12-14 ℃, ovum artificial collection must squeeze ovum within the turbot raun ovulated back 10 hours.Whole reproductive population carries out the crowded ovum to the ovulation parent population every day 1 time.
2, artificial insemination operation: squeeze seminal fluid from two tail milters earlier and put into beaker, select ripe raun then and squeeze ovum, dry fish body and vessel when squeezing ovum, anti-sealing and excremental sneaking into.Then by 1 * 10 5The grain ovum adds 1ml~2ml seminal fluid, stir fast smart ovum is fully contacted, add again on a small quantity through precipitating the seawater of husky filter, the appropriate volume ratio that makes the volume ratio of seminal fluid, ovum, water be about seminal fluid, ovum, water is 1: 200: 200, continue to stir 1 minute, left standstill then 5 minutes, add seawater again, left standstill 10~15 minutes, treat the fertilized egg imbibition after, flushing with clean water 1 time~2 times, put into the 2000ml graduated cylinder, with seawater come-up ovum and precipitation ovum are separated, record come-up ovum number, the ovum that floats are put into incubator and are hatched after washing.
The present invention and prior art contrast its characteristics:
The present invention is a kind of complex art method that obtains high quality fertilized egg of scophthatmus maximus.Inseminate to ovum artificial collection from the cultivation of turbot parent population, carried out the Comprehensive Control of overall process key link.By taking of aggregate measures, improved the quality of ovum and fertilized egg, 87.8%, the fertilization success rate is 89.6% through the average live egg rate of every batch of ovum of microscopy.
Embodiment:
Turbot is the new good mariculture kind of introducing, and development is rapid, but technology is not perfect.Turbot is in the seed production process, and the quality of ovum and fertilization rate are extremely unstable, less than 10%, has had a strong impact on the carrying out that the turbot seed produces when fertilization rate is low.By taking of aggregate measures, improve turbot ovum and fertilized egg quality, the fertilization success rate is 89.6%.
Be described in detail technology contents of the present invention below by embodiment:
This research is carried out at marine fish culture test site, Penglai City, Shandong, and has implemented comprehensive technical measure, and detailed process is as follows:
At first carry out cultivation of turbot parent population and determining of ovum artificial collection insemination method, carry out the test of parent fish rearing and test-tube propagation in scale then.
The cultivation of embodiment one, turbot parent population and adopt determining of ovum insemination method:
1, determining of parent fish rearing method:
Turbot (Scophtha1mus maximus L.) parent population totally 40 tails are selected in experiment for use, divide 4 different experimental group, every group 4 tail raun, 6 tail milters.Every group have 3 parallel.Parent population is the healthy turbot of preferred normal body colour, and the normal body colour turbot back side is blue or green brown the sclerotin projection, and the outside of belly is smooth to be white in color.The age of parent population: raun and milter were for 3 ages.Average specification is body weight 2650 ± 12.0g, total length 45 ± 4cm.Place 12 20m 3Carry out the flowing water inflation in the cement pit and culture, breeding water is underground sea water and nature seawater, mixes after sand filtration and uses, and full anniversary condition of water quality situation of change is: DO>6.0mg/L, pH=7.8-8.2, S=30-32, T=8-18 ℃.
The water temperature illumination of parent population regulation and control: the parent population of select, under the illumination condition of 8 ℃ water temperature and 8 hours, cultivated 2 months earlier.Cultivate afterwards water temperature by 8 ℃ with every day 0.5 ℃ speed increase to 14 ℃ gradually, light application time also by every day 0.5h speed cumulative to 16 hours, intensity of illumination is 400LUX.
The feed of parent population and feeding: the parent population feed is the artifical compound feed of preparation, and the suitable content of protein is 〉=45%; The suitable content of lipid is 〉=10%, wherein the suitable proportion of ∑ n-3HUFA 〉=20%.
Experiment preparation manufactured feed: experimental design 4 groups of experiment feeds, the 4 groups of parent populations of throwing something and feeding are are respectively thrown something and fed 1~2 every day.
1), experimental group 1: the prescription of feed is fresh 10 kilograms of 18 kilograms of 35 kilograms of defatted fish flours, dregs of beans, peanut meals, flour 15, wheat bran 6,4 kilograms of fodder yeasts, 2 kilograms of compound vitamins, 2 kilograms of composite mineral matters, 8 kilograms in fish oil.
2), experimental group 2: the prescription of feed is fresh 10 kilograms of 20 kilograms of 40 kilograms of defatted fish flours, dregs of beans, peanut meals, flour 10, wheat bran 3,4 kilograms of fodder yeasts, 2 kilograms of compound vitamins, 2 kilograms of composite mineral matters, 9 kilograms in fish oil.
3), experimental group 3: the prescription of feed is fresh 10 kilograms of 10 kilograms of 50 kilograms of defatted fish flours, dregs of beans, peanut meals, flour 10, wheat bran 2,4 kilograms of fodder yeasts, 2 kilograms of compound vitamins, 2 kilograms of composite mineral matters, 10 kilograms in fish oil.
4), experimental group 4: the prescription of feed is fresh 2 kilograms of 2 kilograms of 4 kilograms of 10 kilograms of 10 kilograms of 60 kilograms of defatted fish flours, dregs of beans, peanut meals, fodder yeasts, compound vitamins, composite mineral matters, 12 kilograms in fish oil
The artifical compound feed of preparation the results are shown in Table 1 and table 2. through biochemical analysis
The albumen of 4 groups of test feeds of table 1 turbot parent population, fat, energy are formed
Figure C20051004244100071
4 groups of test feed lipid of table 2 turbot parent population fatty acid is formed
Figure C20051004244100081
Result of the test: through 5 months throw something and feed, different tests group raun lays eggs the results are shown in Table 3 and table 4:
Table 3 is respectively organized the leading indicator of laying eggs of parent population
The percentage composition (%) of each parent population group main fatty acid of sub-lipid of laying eggs of table 4
The artifical compound feed that filters out experimental group 4 from the result of the test parent population of throwing something and feeding can obtain the high-quality ovum.Experimental group 4 parent fish rearing artificial feed be formulated as follows:
In 100 kilograms of batching materials, its forage compounding and consumption are: 60 kilograms of fresh defatted fish flours, 10 kilograms of dregs of beans, 10 kilograms of peanut meals, 4 kilograms of fodder yeasts, 2 kilograms of compound vitamins, 2 kilograms of composite mineral matters, 12 kilograms in fish oil, the feed that is mixed with is half wet granular.
2, ovum artificial collection insemination method determines
A, ovum artificial collection: experimental group parent population 10 tails, reach maturity by regulation and control of light temperature and nutrition regulation, compare live egg rate by the different ovum modes of adopting.
The result is as follows:
Crowded ovum fate/time Squeeze ovum once every day Per two days crowded ovum once Per three days crowded ovum once Per four days crowded ovum once
Average live egg rate 90.2% 50.8% 30.2% 20.8%
Result of the test shows: turbot is being propagated artificially under the condition, be difficult to natural spawning fertilization, and the special mode of laying eggs makes ovum very easily overdone.The special ovulation rhythm and pace of moving things of turbot is: the ovulation of turbot raun at interval, and is most between 80-90h.In the time of 12-14 ℃, ovum artificial collection must squeeze ovum within the turbot raun ovulated back 10 hours (propagating artificially under the condition, the turbot raun can not natural spawning, but is discharged to earlier behind the maturation of ovum in the ovulation chamber, and then by manually its ovum being extruded), could guarantee the acquisition of high-quality ovum.Whole reproductive population, through evidence: carry out the crowded ovum to the ovulation parent population every day 1 time, effective, average live egg rate is 90.2%.The ovum of living refers to that ovum is round, and is transparent, lacks ovum week system, and live egg rate is the ovum of living/total ovum number.
B, the experimental labor method of operating of inseminating:
The test of the volume ratio of seminal fluid, ovum, water: adopt ovum, every 100ml ovum is 1 group, totally 16 experimental group, every group have three parallel.Each experimental group adds seminal fluid, and (in order to guarantee test-tube quality, the turbot seminal fluid is to adopt from two tail milters.) volume ratio of different seminal fluid, ovum, water, and different fertilization time, stirring fast fully contacts smart ovum, adds on a small quantity through precipitating the seawater of husky filter again, and the volume ratio of different tests group seminal fluid, ovum, water was respectively 1: 200: 200; 1: 200: 100; 0.5: 200: 200; 0.5: 200: 100, the different tests assembly is respectively sub-time of contact added seawater again in 1~15 minute, left standstill 10 minutes, treat imbibition after, flushing with clean water 2 times, record different tests group fertilization rate.
Result of the test is as follows:
Figure C20051004244100101
Result of the test shows: the optimum volume ratio of seminal fluid, ovum, water is 1: 200: 200, and gamete was advisable with 5 minutes time of contact.
Embodiment two, carry out the test of parent fish rearing and test-tube propagation in scale.
Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) parent population 240 tails, parent population are the healthy turbot of preferred normal body colour.The age of parent population: raun and milter were for 3 ages.Average specification is body weight 2700 ± 15.0g, total length 46 ± 4cm.Place 8 20m 3Carry out the flowing water inflation in the cement pit and culture, breeding water is underground sea water and nature seawater, mixes after sand filtration and uses, and full anniversary condition of water quality situation of change is: DO>6.0mg/L, pH=7.8-8.2, S=30-32, T=8-18 ℃.
The feed of parent population and feeding: the feed of parent population is the artifical compound feed of preparation, by following feedstuff and half formulated wet granular feed of consumption (in 100 kilograms of batching materials): 60 kilograms of fresh defatted fish flours, 10 kilograms of dregs of beans, 10 kilograms of peanut meals, 4 kilograms of fodder yeasts, 2 kilograms of compound vitamins, 2 kilograms of composite mineral matters, 12 kilograms in fish oil.The time of throwing something and feeding of parent population artifical compound feed began to carry out in January, 2004.Keep whole mating season throwing something and feeding, day throws something and feeds 2 times.Day feeding volume is the 2%-5% of fish body body weight.
The water temperature of parent population, illumination regulation and control: 1-3 month water temperature was controlled at 8-10 ℃ in 2004, and day illumination time is 8 hours, and intensity of illumination is 400LUX, plays parent population since then period and enters the reinforced cultivating stage, begins the artifical compound feed of throwing something and feeding.3-5 month in 2004, water temperature progressively increases to 14 ℃ by 8-10 ℃.Light application time is by increasing to 16 hours every days 8 hours every days gradually, and so under warm light regulation and control and fortification breeding condition, the parent population gonad development is accelerated, and after 2 months, ovulation appears in parent population gonad development full maturity to May.
Ovum artificial collection: the parent population through warm light regulation and control began ripe, ovulation at the beginning of 5 months, enter egg production peak time mid-May, lasted till by the end of June always.Whole reproductive population carries out the crowded ovum to the ovulation parent population every day 1 time, but to guarantee the ovum of each extraction high-quality.Through the average live egg rate of every batch of ovum of microscopy 87.8%.
Artificial insemination, the turbot seminal fluid is from adopting from two tail milters, and the volume ratio of seminal fluid, ovum, water is 1: 200: 200.Gamete time of contact is 5 minutes, adds seawater again, leaves standstill 10~15 minutes, after treating imbibition, flushing with clean water 1 time~2 times is put into the 2000ml graduated cylinder, with seawater come-up ovum and precipitation ovum are separated, record come-up ovum number, the ovum that floats are put into incubator and are hatched after washing.
Obtain 1,520 ten thousand come-up ovum altogether in breeding period, the come-up ovum that obtains is carried out the analysis of content of fatty acid, wherein ∑ n-3HUFA accounts for 20.38% of content of fatty acid, and the success rate of on average being fertilized (4 cell number/work ovum number) is 89.6%, and incubation rate is 50.8%.Obtain newly hatched larvae 7,700,000 tails.

Claims (1)

1. method that obtains high quality fertilized egg of scophthatmus maximus, its technology contents comprise parent fish rearing and ovum artificial collection two aspects of inseminating: the cultivation of parent population: comprise parent population preferred and breeding condition, parent population feed and feed, the water temperature of parent population, illumination regulation and control; Ovum artificial collection insemination: comprise ovum artificial collection and artificial insemination operation, it is characterized in that its:
The cultivation aspect of parent population:
1), the preferred and breeding condition of parent population: preferred body colour is the turbot of normal body colour.Turbot raun 3-6 age, body weight 3000-6000 gram, total length reaches 40-60 centimetre; Milter 2-6 age, body weight 2000-5000 gram, total length 30-50 centimetre; The inflation of seawater flowing water is cultured, and full anniversary condition of water quality situation of change is: dissolved oxygen is>6.0mg/L that the PH scope is: 7.8-8., and salinity is 25-35 ‰, water temperature is 8-20 ℃.
2), the feed of parent population and feeding:
The feed of parent population: be the artifical compound feed of preparation, the suitable content of protein is 〉=45%; The suitable content of lipid is 〉=10%, wherein the suitable proportion of ∑ n-3HUFA 〉=20%.
The preparation of feed: in 100 kilograms of batching materials, be mixed with half wet granular feed by feedstuff and consumption: its batching and consumption are: 60 kilograms of fresh defatted fish flours, 10 kilograms of dregs of beans, 10 kilograms of peanut meals, 4 kilograms of fodder yeasts, 2 kilograms of compound vitamins, 2 kilograms of composite mineral matters, 12 kilograms in fish oil.
Feeding of parent population: day throws something and feeds 2 times, and a day feeding volume is the 2%-5% of fish body body weight, should just begin to carry out at the first five months mating season, keeps whole mating season throwing something and feeding.
3), the water temperature of parent population, illumination regulation and control: the first five months that arrives in breeding period, the water temperature of turbot is controlled at about 8-10 ℃, light application time is 8 hours, intensity of illumination is about 100-500Lx.Grew through the accumulation of bimestrial low temperature before this, again with light application time by 8 hours every days with every day 0.5h speed increase to 16 hours every days gradually, water temperature by 8 ℃ with every day 0.5 ℃ speed progressively increase to 14 ℃, and then through individual month artificial regulatory of continuous 2-3, make parent population fully ripe, obtain the high-quality ovum.The egg-laying period temperature is controlled at 13-14 ℃, light application time 16 hours, and intensity of illumination is about 100-500Lx.
Ovum artificial collection insemination aspect:
1), ovum artificial collection: the ovulation of turbot raun at interval, and is most between 80-90h.In the time of 12-14 ℃, ovum artificial collection must squeeze ovum within the turbot raun ovulated back 10 hours.Whole reproductive population carries out the crowded ovum to the ovulation parent population every day 1 time.
2), artificial insemination operation: squeeze seminal fluid from two tail milters earlier and put into beaker, select ripe raun then and squeeze ovum, dry fish body and vessel when squeezing ovum, anti-sealing and excremental sneaking into.Then by 1 * 10 5The grain ovum adds 1ml~2ml seminal fluid, stir fast smart ovum is fully contacted, add again on a small quantity through precipitating the seawater of husky filter, the appropriate volume ratio that makes the volume ratio of seminal fluid, ovum, water be about seminal fluid, ovum, water is 1: 200: 200, continue to stir 1 minute, left standstill then 5 minutes, add seawater again, left standstill 10~15 minutes, treat the fertilized egg imbibition after, flushing with clean water 1 time~2 times, put into the 2000ml graduated cylinder, with seawater come-up ovum and precipitation ovum are separated, record come-up ovum number, the ovum that floats are put into incubator and are hatched after washing.
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CN101473801B (en) * 2009-01-20 2011-08-10 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 High-efficient method for cultivating fry of turbot family
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