CN109673547B - Reproduction method of koi - Google Patents
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- CN109673547B CN109673547B CN201910132142.6A CN201910132142A CN109673547B CN 109673547 B CN109673547 B CN 109673547B CN 201910132142 A CN201910132142 A CN 201910132142A CN 109673547 B CN109673547 B CN 109673547B
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of fancy carp breeding, in particular to a fancy carp breeding method. The roe is obtained by artificially injecting the oxytocic into the abdominal cavity of female parent fish of koi at one time, the oxytocic effect time of the oxytocic is 11-20h, and the relative fertility of the body weight is about 98.16 grains/g. And then performing conventional dry insemination according to the volume ratio of the semen diluent to the eggs of 1:2 or 3:4, waiting for 1-2min after the fish eggs are inseminated, and then performing artificial egg laying immediately. And (5) carrying out seed culture after artificial incubation. The fertility rate of the fancy carp breeding method is 98.47% on average, the hatchability is 87.52% on average, and the mortality rate of postpartum parent fishes is 0. Has important significance for the large-scale propagation of the fancy carps and the promotion of the selection rate of high-quality varieties.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fish culture, in particular to a fancy carp breeding method.
Background
In recent years, koi is a large ornamental fish which is popular in the market. The fish enjoys the world with the body of the fish, gorgeous colors, gorgeous stripes, natural and unrestrained swimming gestures and gentle and smooth habits, and is called as 'living jewels in water' and 'artwork capable of swimming'. However, the current artificial breeding method of koi adopts the method of eating carp, and the fertility rate and the hatching rate are not high.
The fancy carp is bred by a breeding method of edible carp, and the fancy carp with higher quality can not be obtained; in addition, as the fancy carp parent fish is more precious and has high value, the fancy carp can not be bred by selecting one male parent fish and a plurality of female parent fishes according to a certain male-female ratio like eating the fancy carp. On the other hand, in the process of artificial incubation of the fertilized eggs, the fertilized eggs are easy to die due to reasons of unsmooth water flow, difficult cleaning and the like in the prior art by adopting an artificial fish nest mode. Therefore, a set of breeding method of koi is innovated through production practice, and the method has important significance for large-scale breeding of the variety and improvement of the selection rate of high-quality variety.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a fancy carp breeding method which can improve the fertility rate and the hatching rate of fancy carps and can obtain a plurality of fancy carp varieties and better grade.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a reproduction method of koi comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting female and male fancy carp parent fishes which are strong in physique, obvious in strain characteristics and mature in nature;
(2) breeding female and male parent carps in separate ponds, and feeding artificial compound feed; carrying out artificial spawning induction on female parent fishes by adopting a method of injecting an oxytocic into the abdominal cavity at one time;
(3) obtaining semen of single or multiple male koi parent fishes, mixing and diluting; obtaining single or multiple eggs of female koi parent fish, and mixing; performing dry insemination according to the volume ratio (1:2) - (3:4) of the semen diluent to the eggs;
(4) artificial incubation, wherein no aeration stone is arranged in the incubation pool, and incubation meshes are arranged;
(5) and (3) seedling cultivation: after artificial incubation, the incubation net sheets are hung in an incubation pool, gaps of 10-15cm are reserved among the incubation net sheets, and after all the fry come out of the film, the incubation net sheets are removed.
In the step (2) of the method, the stocking density of parent fishes is 3-5 tails/m3Feeding artificial mixed feed with feed protein 30-35% and daily feeding rate 5-7%, and feeding glutinous rice ball 1 time per day with 15-20 g/tail.
In the step (2), the temperature of the water in the culture pond is 20-25 ℃, the pH value is 6.5-8, the dissolved oxygen is 5-7mg/L, and an oxygen head is arranged for 24 hours to continuously increase oxygen.
In the step (2), the oxytocin is prepared from carp Pituitary Gland (PG), Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH-A)2) Adding into normal saline to make the concentration of the three in normal saline3mg/mL PG, 500IU/mL HCG, 35 μ g/mL LHRH-A, respectively2To obtain a solution containing PG, HCG and LHRH-A2The physiological saline solution of (4); injecting 0.5-1mL of the oxytocic according to the development degree of the female fish.
In the step (3) of the fancy carp breeding method, dry insemination is carried out according to the volume ratio of the semen diluent to the ovum of 1:2 or 3: 4; the semen is from male parent fish of the same strain or different strains, the eggs are from female parent fish of the same strain or different strains, and the fish eggs cannot meet water and can be attached when meeting water. The semen diluent is a semen diluent obtained by diluting semen according to the conventional requirements of the conventional method in the field. For example, diluted with 0.65% or 0.7% physiological saline at a ratio of 1:1.3 to 1: 1.5.
Further steps of artificial insemination are performed with reference to methods related to carp.
In the step (4) of the fancy carp breeding method, the specification of the hatching pond is 6-8m long, 4-6m wide and 0.8-1m deep; the water temperature is 20-23 ℃, the pH value is 6.5-8, the dissolved oxygen is 5mg/L or more, and the oxygen is increased continuously.
Production tools required by artificial incubation of fancy carps: (1) hatching the barrel: is made of polyethylene material, is nontoxic and tasteless, and is cylindrical with the diameter of 1-1.5m and the depth of 0.8-1 m; the hatching barrel is not provided with an aeration stone, so that the manual egg laying is prevented from being influenced; (2) hatching the meshes, wherein the meshes are 80-100 meshes, and the meshes are 60-100cm in specification, so that manual operation is facilitated; (3) hatching the cup and the writing brush: the specification of the hatching cup is 300-500 ml.
In the step (4), the operation method of artificial incubation comprises the following steps: the technical personnel A respectively hold two wide sides of the hatching net piece with two hands, the whole net piece is soaked in a hatching barrel, water for a hatching pond is placed in the hatching barrel, the water depth is about 80cm, the technical personnel A hold the hatching net piece to be soaked in the hatching barrel to slowly shake, the technical personnel B hold a hatching cup with the left hand and hold a writing brush with the right hand, fish eggs in the hatching cup are slowly spread on the hatching net piece, fertilized eggs on the rest hatching cup are brushed on the hatching net piece with the writing brush, and the actions are repeated for multiple times to finish hatching.
In the operation process, the hatching net piece or the hatching cup is moved slowly, so that the roes can be attached to the hatching net piece averagely to the maximum extent, and the roes are prevented from being overlapped or missing in the hatching barrel.
In the step (5) of the fancy carp breeding method, 3% -5% saline water is used for disinfection during hatching of fertilized eggs, and the fertilized eggs are not disinfected after fish eyes are formed and are used for preventing and treating saprolegnia.
In the step (5) of the fancy carp breeding method, the newly hatched fries are fed by adopting a method of splashing soybean milk around the pond wall.
Based on the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the invention improves the induced spawning formula of artificial induced spawning, and selects 3mg/mL PG +500IU/mL HCG +35 mug/mL LHRH-A2The physiological saline solution is used as an oxytocic, after the one-time intraperitoneal injection is carried out on female parent fishes, the oxytocic effect time is 11-20h, the relative fertility of the body weight is about 98.16 grains/g, and the death rate of the postpartum parent fishes is 0.
(2) The invention adopts a dry insemination method of diluted semen and ovum according to a certain volume ratio for the first time, and the semen is not wasted to the maximum extent and the ovum can be fully fertilized according to the semen-ovum volume ratio of 1:2 or 3:4, and the fertilization rate is 98.47% on average.
(3) In the process of artificial incubation, the artificial incubation operation method adopted by the invention can ensure smooth water flow and sufficient oxygen, and reduce the mortality rate of fertility, and the incubation rate reaches 87.52% by integrating the whole method of the invention.
The invention has excellent effects on improving the reproduction rate of the fancy carps and enriching the variety resources of the fancy carps, and is beneficial to the large-scale culture and popularization of the fish.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and the raw materials, reagents and drugs used are commercially available.
Example 1 reproduction method of koi
1. Parent fish selection and male-female identification
Selecting 4-6-year-old male and female parent fishes, wherein the parent fishes are required to be strong in physique, obvious in strain characteristics and mature in nature.
Identifying male and female parent fishes: the female parent fish is plump compared with the male parent fish, the abdomen of the female parent fish is larger and round, the reproductive hole is convex and red, and a small amount of milky semen flows out when the male parent fish lightly presses the abdomen.
2. Parent fish rearing and spawning induction
And (3) breeding the female parent fish and the male parent fish in separate ponds: the culture pond has a length of 6-8m, a width of 4-6m and a depth of 1.2-1.5 m. Feeding artificial mixed feed with the stocking density of 10-15 per pond, the feed protein of 30-35% and the daily feeding rate of 5-7%, and feeding glutinous rice balls for 1 time per day. The water temperature of the culture pond is 20-25 ℃, the pH value is 6.5-8, the dissolved oxygen is 5-7mg/L, and an oxygen head is arranged for 24 hours to continuously increase oxygen.
The parent fish adopts artificial disposable intraperitoneal injection method for artificial induced spawning, and the induced spawning formula comprises carp Pituitary Gland (PG), Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG), and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH-A)2) Sequentially adding into physiological saline to make the concentrations of the three in physiological saline respectively 3mg/mL PG, 500IU/mL HCG, 35 μ g/mL LHRH-A20.5-1mL of oxytocic is injected according to the development degree of female fish, and male fish are not generally injected. After being proved by a large number of cultivations, the oxytocic effect time is 11-20h, the relative fertility of the body weight is about 98.16 grains/g, and the mortality of the postpartum parent fishes is 0.
3. Artificial insemination
The conventional dry-method insemination is carried out by adopting a sperm-egg matching technology, the ratio of semen to egg is 1:2 or 3:4 according to the maturity of fish eggs, and the sufficient insemination of the eggs can be ensured.
Other steps of artificial insemination refer to methods of carp. The fertilization rate was 98.47% on average. After artificial insemination, the roe is waited for 1-2min, and then artificial egg laying is immediately carried out, wherein the method is to slowly move an incubation net sheet or an incubation cup, so that the roe can be uniformly attached to the incubation net sheet to the maximum extent, and the overlapping or omission of the roe in an incubation barrel is reduced.
4. Artificial hatching
The hatching pond has a length of 6-8m, a width of 4-6m and a depth of 0.8-1. The water temperature is 20-23 deg.C, the pH value is 6.5-8, the dissolved oxygen is 5mg/L or above, and oxygen head is equipped for 24 h.
Production tools required by artificial incubation of fancy carps: (1) hatching the barrel: is made of polyethylene material, is nontoxic and odorless, and has a cylindrical shape with a diameter of 1-1.5m and a depth of 0.8-1 m. The incubation barrels are not provided with aeration stones, so that manual egg laying is prevented and influenced. (2) Hatching the mesh sheets, wherein the mesh sheets are 80-100 meshes, and the mesh sheets are 60-100cm in size, so that the mesh sheets are convenient to manually operate. (3) Hatching the cup and the writing brush: the hatching cup is generally 300-500ml in specification, and the writing brush is generally medium in specification.
The operation method of artificial incubation comprises the following steps: the technical personnel A respectively hold two wide edges of the hatching net piece with two hands, the whole net piece is soaked in a hatching barrel, water for a hatching pond is placed in the hatching barrel, the water depth is about 80cm, the technical personnel A hold the hatching net piece to be soaked in the hatching barrel to slowly shake underwater, the technical personnel B hold a hatching cup with the left hand and hold a writing brush with the right hand, fish eggs in the hatching cup are slowly spread on the hatching net piece, and fertilized eggs on the rest hatching cups are brushed on the hatching net piece by the writing brush. Repeating the above steps for many times to finish hatching. The hatching rate reaches 87.52%.
5. Fry rearing
After artificial incubation, the incubation net sheets are hung in an incubation pool by using firmer ropes, and a gap of 10-15cm is required between the incubation net sheets to ensure that water flow is normal and dissolved oxygen is sufficient. Sterilizing fertilized eggs with 3-5% saline water during incubation period, and sterilizing fish after eye emergence for preventing and treating saprolegnia. After about 5-7 days, the fry breaks the membrane and swims smoothly, when all the fry come out of the membrane, the hatching net is removed, and the newly hatched fry is fed by adopting a method of splashing soybean milk around the pond wall.
Comparative example 1
The artificial breeding and seed selection technology of fancy carps is researched by the remuneration of the old and constructed (2003), and is published in journal 2003 of freshwater fishery, volume 33, pages 1, 28-30. The most obvious difference from the method of the invention lies in the fertilization and hatching method of koi carp eggs, and the specific technical method and test results are as follows:
1. fish egg insemination method
In the experiment, 5 groups of parent fishes are screened from farmer ponds, the weight of female parent fishes is 1.5 kg/tail, and the male-female ratio is 1: 3. Adopting a natural propagation method, and moving the selected parent fish into a spawning pond when the water temperature rises to 16-18 ℃. An artificial fish nest is arranged in the spawning pond, and the method comprises the steps of cleaning water hyacinth, removing rotten roots and rotten leaves, drying, sterilizing, putting into the spawning pond, and putting 40-60 plants in each spawning pond each time to enable the water hyacinth to be uniformly distributed on the water surface.
2. Fish egg hatching method
After the parent fish lay eggs, taking out the artificial fish nest attached with fertilized eggs, soaking the artificial fish nest with 5-7% saline solution for 5min, and then moving the artificial fish nest to an incubation pool.
3. Test results
During the test period, 50.4 ten thousand eggs are laid. The average absolute fertility of the body weight is 67.2 grains/g, the hatching rate of the fertilized eggs is about 80 percent, and the fertilization rate cannot be counted because the fish egg insemination method adopted in the comparative example 1 is a natural insemination method.
In the method, the conventional artificial dry insemination is carried out according to the volume ratio of the semen diluent to the ovum of 1:2 or 3: 4. After artificial insemination, the roe is waited for 1-2min, and then artificial egg laying is immediately carried out, wherein the method is to slowly move an incubation net sheet or an incubation cup, so that the roe can be uniformly attached to the incubation net sheet to the maximum extent, and the overlapping or omission of the roe in an incubation barrel is reduced. Through statistics, the relative fertility of the body weight is about 98.16 grains/g, and the hatchability of the fertilized eggs is 87.52 percent, which are respectively higher than those of the comparative examples 46.07 and 9.4 percent.
Comparative example 2
Liangchamjun et al (2008) studied the technology of parent carp breeding and large-scale fingerling breeding, and published in journal 2008 of aquatic science and information, Vol.35, No. 4, 193-196. The most remarkable difference from the invention lies in the fish egg insemination and hatching method, and the specific technical method and test result are as follows:
1. fish egg insemination and hatching method
After the oxytocic is injected, parent fishes of the same species are placed into spawning ponds in a ratio of 1:1-3, and when the parent fishes begin to chase and spawn, the parent fishes are fished out and anesthetized by the anesthetic, body surface water is wiped off by a dry towel, the eggs flow into a dry washbasin by lightly pressing the abdomen, then the semen of the male fishes is extruded on the basin by the same method, the sterilized feathers are uniformly stirred, and fertilized eggs are uniformly scattered on fish nests in an incubation pond after 2-3 min.
2. Test results
By sampling and counting the number of the artificial eggs, the average absolute fertility of the body weight is 80 grains/g, the fertilization rate is 92.38 percent, and the hatchability of the fertilized eggs is 64.77 percent.
In the method, the conventional artificial dry insemination is carried out according to the volume ratio of the semen diluent to the ovum of 1:2 or 3: 4. After artificial insemination, the roe is waited for 1-2min, and then artificial egg laying is immediately carried out, wherein the method is to slowly move an incubation net sheet or an incubation cup, so that the roe can be uniformly attached to the incubation net sheet to the maximum extent, and the overlapping or omission of the roe in an incubation barrel is reduced. Through statistics, the relative fertility of the body weight is about 98.16 grains/g, the fertilization rate is 98.47%, and the hatchability of the fertilized eggs is 87.52%, which are respectively higher than those of the comparative examples 22.70%, 6.59% and 35.12%.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove by way of general description, specific embodiments and experiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications and improvements can be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (4)
1. The method for breeding the fancy carps is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting female and male fancy carp parent fishes which are strong in physique, obvious in strain characteristics and mature in nature;
(2) the parent fish of female and male fancy carps is cultivated in separate ponds, and the stocking density of the parent fish is 3-5 fish/m3Feeding artificial mixed feed, wherein the feed protein is 30-35%, the daily feeding rate is 5-7%, and feeding glutinous rice balls for 1 time every day, wherein the addition amount of the glutinous rice balls is 15-20 g/tail; the water temperature of the culture pond is 20-25 ℃, the pH value is 6.5-8, the dissolved oxygen is 5-7mg/L, and an oxygen head is arranged for continuously increasing oxygen for 24 hours;
the female parent fish is artificially injected with the oxytocic through the disposable abdominal cavityHastening parturition; wherein the oxytocic is prepared from carp pituitary PG, human chorionic gonadotropin HCG, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone LHRH-A2Adding into physiological saline to make the concentrations of the three in physiological saline respectively 3mg/mL PG, 500IU/mL HCG, 35 μ g/mL LHRH-A2To obtain a solution containing PG, HCG and LHRH-A2The physiological saline solution of (4); injecting 0.5-1mL of the oxytocic according to the development degree of the female fish;
(3) obtaining semen of single or multiple male koi parent fishes, mixing and diluting; obtaining single or multiple eggs of female koi parent fish, and mixing; performing dry insemination according to the volume ratio (1:2) - (3:4) of the semen diluent to the eggs;
(4) artificial incubation, wherein no aeration stone is arranged in the incubation pool, and incubation meshes are arranged; wherein the specification of the hatching pond is 6-8m long, 4-6m wide and 0.8-1m deep; the water temperature is 22-25 ℃, the pH value is 6.5-8, the dissolved oxygen is 5mg/L or more, and the oxygen is increased continuously;
production tools required by artificial incubation of fancy carps: (1) hatching the barrel: is made of polyethylene material, is nontoxic and tasteless, and is cylindrical with the diameter of 1-1.5m and the depth of 0.8-1 m; the hatching barrel is not provided with an aeration stone, so that the manual egg laying is prevented from being influenced; (2) hatching the meshes, wherein the meshes are 80-100 meshes, and the meshes are 60-100cm in specification, so that manual operation is facilitated; (3) hatching the cup and the writing brush: the specification of the hatching cup is 300-500 ml;
the operation method of the artificial hatching comprises the following steps: a technician A respectively holds two wide sides of an incubation mesh by two hands, and soaks the whole mesh in an incubation barrel, water for an incubation pool is placed in the incubation barrel, the water depth is about 80cm, the technician A holds the incubation mesh to be soaked in the incubation barrel to slowly shake under water, the technician B holds an incubation cup by the left hand, holds a writing brush by the right hand, slowly spreads roes in the incubation cup on the incubation mesh, brushes fertilized eggs on the rest incubation cups on the incubation mesh by the writing brush, and the operations are repeated for multiple times to finish incubation;
(5) and (3) seedling cultivation: after artificial incubation, the incubation net sheets are hung in an incubation pool, gaps of 10-15cm are formed among the incubation net sheets, and the incubation net sheets are removed after all the fry come out of the film.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), the semen diluent to egg volume ratio is 1:2 or 3:4 for dry insemination; the semen is from a male parent fish of the same or a different strain, and the egg is from a female parent fish of the same or a different strain.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step (5), the fertilized egg is sterilized with 3-5% saline during hatching and is not sterilized after the fish develops eyes, and is used for preventing and controlling saprolegnia.
4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step (5), the newly hatched fries are fed by sprinkling soybean milk around the walls of the pond.
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| CN111700006A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-09-25 | 徐州市贾汪区佳顺水产养殖专业合作社 | Method for artificially incubating fancy carps |
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| CN114223581A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-03-25 | 天津市金水族水产养殖有限公司 | Reproduction method capable of improving incubation rate of fancy carps |
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