CN104365513B - A kind of Silurus asotus fish genus cross breeding method - Google Patents
A kind of Silurus asotus fish genus cross breeding method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides the Silurus asotus fish genus cross breeding method that complete set is full and accurate, the method include Juvenile stage, parent culture, parent hasten parturition, front inspection of inseminating, artificial insemination, artificial incubation and 7 continuous print steps of hybridization fry rearing, this method strong operability, suitability are good, the most effectively.The present invention belongs to the efficient hybridization between interior two Silurus asotus fish populations that kind is different, merit is different and complementary by Silurus asotus fish, cultivate and have parents' merit concurrently in the hybrid new breed of one, it is all significantly improved at aspects such as growing way, adaptability, digestibility, premunition, flesh qualities, it is favorably improved the economic benefit of catfish culture, strengthen the market competitiveness of Silurus asotus fish meat products, promote social development and the scientific and technological progress of China, it is achieved the sustainable development of China's catfish culture industry.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fish hybridization technical field, be specifically related to a kind of Silurus asotus fish genus cross breeding method.
Background technology
Silurus asotus fish refers to the class fish in regnum animale, Chordata, Vertebrate, spoke fin net-rope, Silurformes, Nian section, Nian genus, mainly live in the middle lower floor of rivers, lake, reservoir, swag, the most movable in littoral area, it is hidden in daytime under thick grass, stone or at the bottom of deep water more, night, foraging activity was frequent, occuping in deep water or mud after autumn and survive the winter, degree of ingesting also weakens.Silurus asotus fish belongs to predacious fish, and prey mostly is small fishes, such as meal bar, Carassius auratus, tiger fish, pseudorasbora parva, Cyprinus carpio, Misgurni anguillicaudati etc., also eats shrimps and aquatic insect, and to eat when searching for food, the effect of tooth mainly prevents food from escaping.
In recent years, along with developing rapidly of aquaculture, production scale and cultured output sharply increase, intensive degree improves constantly, Silurus asotus fish inbreeding occurs often, it there occurs certain variation on hereditism, causes Silurus asotus fish kind matter serious degradation, concrete cash slow down for the speed of growth, Individual Size is uneven, anti-adversity is poor, premunition decline, degradation under flesh quality.This degradation phenomena of Silurus asotus fish, the culture benefit not only causing numerous culturists drastically declines, the sustainable development of catfish culture industry in also serious threat, want to change the status quo, it is achieved the sustainable development of man and nature, it is necessary to first set about from breed improvement, by implementing cross-breeding, cultivate the new varieties with parents' merit, the need of the cultivation of society, the need in market and the need of life could be met, could preferably benefit for the mankind.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of Silurus asotus fish genus cross breeding method, efficient hybridization between two Silurus asotus fish populations that in being belonged to by Silurus asotus fish, kind is different, merit is different and complementary, cultivate the Hybrid with parents' merit, to solve the problems referred to above.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
A kind of Silurus asotus fish genus cross breeding method, the method comprises the steps:
(1) Juvenile stage
A, female parent: select that body constitution is healthy and strong, body surface smooth, fin ray wound complete, anosis, Maturity is good, abdominal part tympanites, transparent, has obvious ovary profile, and the female Silurus asotus fish that body weight is between 0.5～1 kg；
B, male parent: selecting body constitution stalwartness, body surface smooth, fin ray wound complete, anosis, Maturity is good, and abdominal part is opaque, and mobility is strong, and the male Silurus asotus fish that body weight is between 0.5～1 kg；
(2) parent culture
Being put in a suitable place to breed respectively in male and female parent culture pond by female male parent, 5 ~ 10 tails are put in every pond in a suitable place to breed, and water temperature is maintained between 20～28 DEG C, and morning every day, evening, night respectively carry out a feeding, and each feeding amount is the 7% ~ 8% of body weight, within every two days, changes water once；
(3) parent hastens parturition
A, oxytocic drug and dosage: female parent per injection maleic acid DOM (DOM) 2 ~ 5mg/kg+ Luteinizing hormone releasing-hormone A2 LHRH-A2 (LHRH-A2) 2 ~ 4 μ g/kg, or maleic acid DOM (DOM) 2 ~ 5mg/kg+ chorionic-gonadotropin hormone (HCG) 500 ~ 600 IU/kg, or Cyprinus carpio, crucian carp hypophysis cerebri (PG) 2 ~ 3mg/kg+ Luteinizing hormone releasing-hormone A2 LHRH-A2 (LHRH-A2) 2 ~ 4 μ g/kg, or Cyprinus carpio, crucian carp hypophysis cerebri (PG) 2 ~ 3mg/kg+ chorionic-gonadotropin hormone (HCG) 500 ~ 600 IU/kg, the half that injection dosage is above-mentioned consumption of male parent；
B, induced spawning method: female parent uses twice and hastens parturition, the drug dose used for twice is identical, the time interval hastened parturition for twice is 10 ~ 12 hours, male parent the most once hastens parturition, and it hastens parturition and implements after the second time of female parent is hastened parturition, concrete operation method is, said medicine normal saline or ringer's solution are diluted to desired concn, 0.5 ~ 1ml medicinal liquid is drawn with syringe, syringe needle becomes 30 ° ~ 45 ° oblique angles to thrust pectoral fin base portion or lumbar injection with fish body, the vertical depth of injection is less than 1cm, parent after injection cultivates in putting back to cultivation pond, in pond, every day changes water once；
(4) check before insemination
After female male parent has been injected, the Maturity of regular check parent, when finding that female parent's abdominal part expands softness, gonopore redness evagination, gently press with hands abdominal part to have sense of movement, illustrate to have started to ovulate；Male parent's gonopore expands redness, extrudes abdominal part with hands, has white clear liquid to flow out, illustrate that sperm is the most ripe, should carry out artificial insemination immediately；
(5) artificial insemination
The female parent starting ovulation is wrapped with gauze, its abdominal part is made to expose, with hands by extruding its abdominal part after forward direction 3 ~ 5 times, ovum is all extruded, the ovum of extrusion is put in the glass drying oven of sterilizing in advance, meanwhile, quickly male parent moderate for Maturity is cut open the belly, take out spermary and be cut into fragment, put in the glass drying oven holding ovum, according to essence, the quantity of ovum is than 1(male parent): the female parent of 3 ~ 4() merge essence, ovum, it is gently mixed with clean feather again, add normal saline or ringer's solution while stirring, the addition of normal saline or ringer's solution is can cover ovum for degree, after fully stirring evenly, stand 3 ~ 5 minutes, draw purified water with suction pipe again and rinse blood stains the spermary fragment of sucking-off residual, broken ovum and the ovum of muddy shape, complete artificial insemination；
(6) artificial incubation
Artificial insemination ovum is put into the incubation tank of 24 ~ 28 DEG C of water temperatures, hatching sieve, hatching cylinder or other incubation equipments and carries out Lotic hatching, when " waist point " occurs completely, remove incubation equipment, cultivate in cultivating pond；
(7) hybridization fry rearing
The cultivation of hybridization fry takes stagewise to cultivate, and the first stage, fry rupture of membranes is in 1 ~ 5 day, throwing something and feeding bean milk or ripe egg yolk, concrete operation method is, by Semen Glycines with the warm water soaking 5 ~ 10 hours of 30 ~ 40 DEG C, to beans overflow, 10 ~ 15 times of water mills adding dry Semen Glycines weight again become bean milk, splash and throw something and feed, or are crushed by ripe egg yolk, throw something and feed in being uniformly spread on pond, in morning every day, noon, evening, each feeding at night once, change water every day once, water temperature 20 ~ 28 DEG C；Second stage, after fry rupture of membranes 5 days, throwing something and feeding animal feed, concrete operation method is, is cooked by the raw materials such as Lumbricus, silk Lumbricus, wheel animalcule, dried shrimps, spiral shell Carnis Anodonta seu crislaria, the little flesh of fish and pluck and is cut into small pieces, admix a certain proportion of flavouring agent and straw pulp again, in every day early, throw something and feed fry at evening, night, feeding volume is cumulative with age in days, changes weekly water 2～3 times, water temperature 20 ~ 28 DEG C, hybridization fry then moves to cement pit after having cultivated 3 ~ 5 weeks in cultivating pond or fish pond is continued cultivation and grown up.
Described Silurus asotus fish genus cross breeding method, the parent of its step (1) schemes any two kinds in Silurus asotus fish, grignard Silurus asotus fish, common Silurus asotus fish, long Silurus asotus fish and other kind Silurus asotus fishs selected from Lycoperdon polymorphum Vitt Silurus asotus fish, toe Silurus asotus fish, dilute even Silurus asotus fish, illiteracy.
Described Silurus asotus fish genus cross breeding method, the quantity ratio of the female male parent that its step (1) is chosen is 3 ~ 4: 1.
Described Silurus asotus fish genus cross breeding method, its step (6) is used for hatching insemination ovum and step (7) is used for cultivating the water hybridized used by fry, its dissolved oxygen DO >=6mg/L.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The invention provides the Silurus asotus fish genus cross breeding method that complete set is full and accurate, the method include Juvenile stage, parent culture, parent hasten parturition, front inspection of inseminating, artificial insemination, artificial incubation and 7 continuous print steps of hybridization fry rearing, this method strong operability, suitability are good, the most effectively.The present invention belongs to the efficient hybridization between interior two Silurus asotus fish populations that kind is different, merit is different and complementary by Silurus asotus fish, cultivate and have parents' merit concurrently in the hybrid new breed of one, it is all significantly improved at aspects such as growing way, adaptability, digestibility, premunition, flesh qualities, it is favorably improved the economic benefit of catfish culture, strengthen the market competitiveness of Silurus asotus fish meat products, promote social development and the scientific and technological progress of China, it is achieved the sustainable development of China's catfish culture industry.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, being clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the present invention, other simple deformation made in the case of without departing from core of the present invention every or amendment each fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment:
A kind of Silurus asotus fish genus cross breeding method, the method comprises the steps:
(1) Juvenile stage
A, female parent: select that body constitution is healthy and strong, body surface smooth, fin ray wound complete, anosis, Maturity is good, abdominal part tympanites, transparent, has obvious ovary profile, and the female Silurus asotus fish that body weight is between 0.5～1 kg；
B, male parent: selecting body constitution stalwartness, body surface smooth, fin ray wound complete, anosis, Maturity is good, and abdominal part is opaque, and mobility is strong, and the male Silurus asotus fish that body weight is between 0.5～1 kg；
(2) parent culture
Being put in a suitable place to breed respectively in male and female parent culture pond by female male parent, 5 tails are put in every pond in a suitable place to breed, and water temperature is maintained between 20～28 DEG C, and morning every day, evening, night respectively carry out a feeding, and each feeding amount is the 8% of body weight, within every two days, changes water once；
(3) parent hastens parturition
A, oxytocic drug and dosage: female parent per injection maleic acid DOM (DOM) 4mg/kg+ Luteinizing hormone releasing-hormone A2 LHRH-A2 (LHRH-A2) 4 μ g/kg, or maleic acid DOM (DOM) 4mg/kg+ chorionic-gonadotropin hormone (HCG) 600 IU/kg, or Cyprinus carpio, crucian carp hypophysis cerebri (PG) 2mg/kg+ Luteinizing hormone releasing-hormone A2 LHRH-A2 (LHRH-A2) 4 μ g/kg, or Cyprinus carpio, crucian carp hypophysis cerebri (PG) 2mg/kg+ chorionic-gonadotropin hormone (HCG) 600 IU/kg, the half that injection dosage is above-mentioned consumption of male parent；
B, induced spawning method: female parent uses twice and hastens parturition, the drug dose used for twice is identical, the time interval hastened parturition for twice is 12 hours, male parent the most once hastens parturition, and it hastens parturition and implements after the second time of female parent is hastened parturition, concrete operation method is, said medicine ringer's solution is diluted to desired concn, 0.5ml medicinal liquid is drawn with syringe, syringe needle becomes 30 ° ~ 45 ° oblique angles to thrust pectoral fin base portion or lumbar injection with fish body, the vertical depth of injection is less than 1cm, parent after injection cultivates in putting back to cultivation pond, in pond, every day changes water once；
(4) check before insemination
After female male parent has been injected, the Maturity of regular check parent, when finding that female parent's abdominal part expands softness, gonopore redness evagination, gently press with hands abdominal part to have sense of movement, illustrate to have started to ovulate；Male parent's gonopore expands redness, extrudes abdominal part with hands, has white clear liquid to flow out, illustrate that sperm is the most ripe, should carry out artificial insemination immediately；
(5) artificial insemination
The female parent starting ovulation is wrapped with gauze, its abdominal part is made to expose, with hands by extruding its abdominal part after forward direction 3 ~ 5 times, ovum is all extruded, the ovum of extrusion is put in the glass drying oven of sterilizing in advance, meanwhile, quickly male parent moderate for Maturity is cut open the belly, take out spermary and be cut into fragment, put in the glass drying oven holding ovum, according to essence, the quantity of ovum is than 1(male parent): the female parent of 3() merge essence, ovum, it is gently mixed with clean feather again, add ringer's solution while stirring, the addition of ringer's solution is can cover ovum for degree, after fully stirring evenly, stand 5 minutes, draw purified water with suction pipe again and rinse blood stains the spermary fragment of sucking-off residual, broken ovum and the ovum of muddy shape, complete artificial insemination；
(6) artificial incubation
Artificial insemination ovum is put into the incubation tank of 24 ~ 28 DEG C of water temperatures, hatching sieve, hatching cylinder or other incubation equipments and carries out Lotic hatching, when " waist point " occurs completely, remove incubation equipment, cultivate in cultivating pond；
(7) hybridization fry rearing
The cultivation of hybridization fry takes stagewise to cultivate, and the first stage, fry rupture of membranes is in 1 ~ 5 day, throwing something and feeding bean milk or ripe egg yolk, concrete operation method is, by Semen Glycines with the warm water soaking 5 ~ 10 hours of 30 ~ 40 DEG C, to beans overflow, 10 ~ 15 times of water mills adding dry Semen Glycines weight again become bean milk, splash and throw something and feed, or are crushed by ripe egg yolk, throw something and feed in being uniformly spread on pond, in morning every day, noon, evening, each feeding at night once, change water every day once, water temperature 20 ~ 28 DEG C；Second stage, after fry rupture of membranes 5 days, throwing something and feeding animal feed, concrete operation method is, is cooked by the raw materials such as Lumbricus, silk Lumbricus, wheel animalcule, dried shrimps, spiral shell Carnis Anodonta seu crislaria, the little flesh of fish and pluck and is cut into small pieces, admix a certain proportion of flavouring agent and straw pulp again, in every day early, throw something and feed fry at evening, night, feeding volume is cumulative with age in days, changes water 3 times weekly, water temperature 20 ~ 28 DEG C, hybridization fry then moves to cement pit after having cultivated 4 weeks in cultivating pond or fish pond is continued cultivation and grown up.
Described Silurus asotus fish genus cross breeding method, the parent of its step (1) is selected from Lycoperdon polymorphum Vitt Silurus asotus fish and common Silurus asotus fish.
Described Silurus asotus fish genus cross breeding method, the quantity ratio of the female male parent that its step (1) is chosen is 3: 1.
Described Silurus asotus fish genus cross breeding method, its step (6) is used for hatching insemination ovum and step (7) is used for cultivating the water hybridized used by fry, its dissolved oxygen DO >=6mg/L.
Claims (4)
1. a Silurus asotus fish genus cross breeding method, it is characterised in that the method comprises the steps:
(1) Juvenile stage
A, female parent: select that body constitution is healthy and strong, body surface smooth, fin ray wound complete, anosis, Maturity is good, abdominal part tympanites, transparent, has obvious ovary profile, and the female Silurus asotus fish that body weight is between 0.5～1 kg；
B, male parent: selecting body constitution stalwartness, body surface smooth, fin ray wound complete, anosis, Maturity is good, and abdominal part is opaque, and mobility is strong, and the male Silurus asotus fish that body weight is between 0.5～1 kg；
(2) parent culture
Being put in a suitable place to breed respectively in male and female parent culture pond by female male parent, 5 ~ 10 tails are put in every pond in a suitable place to breed, and water temperature is maintained between 20～28 DEG C, and morning every day, evening, night respectively carry out a feeding, and each feeding amount is the 7% ~ 8% of body weight, within every two days, changes water once；
(3) parent hastens parturition
A, oxytocic drug and dosage: female parent per injection maleic acid DOM (DOM) 2 ~ 5mg/kg+ Luteinizing hormone releasing-hormone A2 LHRH-A2 (LHRH-A2) 2 ~ 4 μ g/kg, or maleic acid DOM (DOM) 2 ~ 5mg/kg+ chorionic-gonadotropin hormone (HCG) 500 ~ 600 IU/kg, or Cyprinus carpio, crucian carp hypophysis cerebri (PG) 2 ~ 3mg/kg+ Luteinizing hormone releasing-hormone A2 LHRH-A2 (LHRH-A2) 2 ~ 4 μ g/kg, or Cyprinus carpio, crucian carp hypophysis cerebri (PG) 2 ~ 3mg/kg+ chorionic-gonadotropin hormone (HCG) 500 ~ 600 IU/kg, the half that injection dosage is above-mentioned consumption of male parent；
B, induced spawning method: female parent uses twice and hastens parturition, the drug dose used for twice is identical, the time interval hastened parturition for twice is 10 ~ 12 hours, male parent the most once hastens parturition, and it hastens parturition and implements after the second time of female parent is hastened parturition, concrete operation method is, said medicine normal saline or ringer's solution are diluted to desired concn, 0.5 ~ 1ml medicinal liquid is drawn with syringe, syringe needle becomes 30 ° ~ 45 ° oblique angles to thrust pectoral fin base portion or lumbar injection with fish body, the vertical depth of injection is less than 1cm, parent after injection cultivates in putting back to cultivation pond, in pond, every day changes water once；
(4) check before insemination
After female male parent has been injected, the Maturity of regular check parent, when finding that female parent's abdominal part expands softness, gonopore redness evagination, gently press with hands abdominal part to have sense of movement, illustrate to have started to ovulate；Male parent's gonopore expands redness, extrudes abdominal part with hands, has white clear liquid to flow out, illustrate that sperm is the most ripe, should carry out artificial insemination immediately；
(5) artificial insemination
The female parent starting ovulation is wrapped with gauze, its abdominal part is made to expose, with hands by extruding its abdominal part after forward direction 3 ~ 5 times, ovum is all extruded, the ovum of extrusion is put in the glass drying oven of sterilizing in advance, meanwhile, quickly male parent moderate for Maturity is cut open the belly, take out spermary and be cut into fragment, put in the glass drying oven holding ovum, according to essence, the quantity of ovum merges essence than 1:3 ~ 4, ovum, it is gently mixed with clean feather again, add normal saline or ringer's solution while stirring, the addition of normal saline or ringer's solution is can cover ovum for degree, after fully stirring evenly, stand 3 ~ 5 minutes, draw purified water with suction pipe again and rinse blood stains the spermary fragment of sucking-off residual, broken ovum and the ovum of muddy shape, complete artificial insemination；
(6) artificial incubation
Artificial insemination ovum is put into the incubation tank of 24 ~ 28 DEG C of water temperatures, hatching sieve, hatching cylinder or other incubation equipments and carries out Lotic hatching, when " waist point " occurs completely, remove incubation equipment, cultivate in cultivating pond；
(7) hybridization fry rearing
The cultivation of hybridization fry takes stagewise to cultivate, and the first stage, fry rupture of membranes is in 1 ~ 5 day, throwing something and feeding bean milk or ripe egg yolk, concrete operation method is, by Semen Glycines with the warm water soaking 5 ~ 10 hours of 30 ~ 40 DEG C, to beans overflow, 10 ~ 15 times of water mills adding dry Semen Glycines weight again become bean milk, splash and throw something and feed, or are crushed by ripe egg yolk, throw something and feed in being uniformly spread on pond, in morning every day, noon, evening, each feeding at night once, change water every day once, water temperature 20 ~ 28 DEG C；Second stage, after fry rupture of membranes 5 days, throwing something and feeding animal feed, concrete operation method is, Lumbricus, silk Lumbricus, wheel animalcule, dried shrimps, spiral shell Carnis Anodonta seu crislaria, the little flesh of fish and pluck are cooked and be cut into small pieces, admix a certain proportion of flavouring agent and straw pulp again, in every day early, throw something and feed fry at evening, night, feeding volume is cumulative with age in days, changes weekly water 2～3 times, water temperature 20 ~ 28 DEG C, hybridization fry then moves to cement pit after having cultivated 3 ~ 5 weeks in cultivating pond or fish pond is continued cultivation and grown up.
Silurus asotus fish genus cross breeding method the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the parent of step (1) schemes any two kinds in Silurus asotus fish, grignard Silurus asotus fish, common Silurus asotus fish, long Silurus asotus fish and other kind Silurus asotus fishs selected from Lycoperdon polymorphum Vitt Silurus asotus fish, toe Silurus asotus fish, dilute even Silurus asotus fish, illiteracy.
Silurus asotus fish genus cross breeding method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the quantity ratio of the female male parent that step (1) is chosen is 3 ~ 4: 1.
Silurus asotus fish genus cross breeding method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (6) is used for hatching insemination ovum and step (7) is used for cultivating the water hybridized used by fry, its dissolved oxygen DO >=6mg/L.
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