CN107155970A - A kind of mandarin fish and Tilapia mossambica quasi aromatic hybrid rice breeding method - Google Patents
A kind of mandarin fish and Tilapia mossambica quasi aromatic hybrid rice breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107155970A CN107155970A CN201710477234.9A CN201710477234A CN107155970A CN 107155970 A CN107155970 A CN 107155970A CN 201710477234 A CN201710477234 A CN 201710477234A CN 107155970 A CN107155970 A CN 107155970A
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- 241000404975 Synchiropus splendidus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 241000276701 Oreochromis mossambicus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title claims abstract 3
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000009027 insemination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000032696 parturition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 10
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000004681 ovum Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000392 Zymosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- MBLBDJOUHNCFQT-LXGUWJNJSA-N aldehydo-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H](C=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO MBLBDJOUHNCFQT-LXGUWJNJSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000893 inhibin Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- ZPNFWUPYTFPOJU-LPYSRVMUSA-N iniprol Chemical compound C([C@H]1C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H]2CSSC[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=4C=CC(O)=CC=4)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=4C=CC=CC=4)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=4C=CC(O)=CC=4)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=4C=CC=CC=4)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC2=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H]2N(CCC2)C(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N2[C@@H](CCC2)C(=O)N2[C@@H](CCC2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N2[C@@H](CCC2)C(=O)N3)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)O)[C@@H](C)CC)=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZPNFWUPYTFPOJU-LPYSRVMUSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000003181 Panax pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000131316 Panax pseudoginseng Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001482311 Trionychidae Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 15
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 8
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000002710 gonadal effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008774 maternal effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000035199 Tetraploidy Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000005770 chromosome separation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000026109 gonad development Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101100279441 Caenorhabditis elegans egg-5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001441694 Callichthyidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000703769 Culter Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000276618 Perciformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013332 literature search Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of mandarin fish and Tilapia mossambica quasi aromatic hybrid rice breeding method, by the selection of parent, the reinforced cultivating of parent, hasten parturition, artificial insemination, hatch these steps.The present invention is hybridized using mandarin fish with Tilapia mossambica, the merit of comprehensive mandarin fish and Tilapia mossambica, through culture experiment, hybridization F1In generation, shows the features such as temper is more gentle, feeding habits are wide, has important application value in production, has promoted the sound development of China's culture fishery.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fish new lines breeding technical field, and in particular to a kind of mandarin fish educates with Tilapia mossambica fish quasi aromatic hybrid rice
The method of kind.
Background technology
Mandarin fish, carnivorous, body is flat-sided, and back protuberance, body is thicker, tip, is one in the big fresh water name fish of China four
Kind, fine and tender taste, thorn less and meat is more, delicious flavour.Its speed of growth is very fast, likes living food, dwell violent predacious fish, property at category bottom
Feelings are unsociable and eccentric, unsocial, it is sometimes similar between also cut one another's throat, breeding period be in June, water temperature be 23-25 DEG C, intolerant to low
Oxygen.
Tilapia mossambica, category Perciformes, Callichthyidae, generally lives in fresh water, with very strong adaptability, is often planted in drinking water
Thing and chip, have very strong adaptability to low-oxygen environment, and growth is rapid, natural spawning after mid-April.
Therefore be necessary that mandarin fish, Tilapia mossambica are studied and tested, it is wider to obtain temper more gentle, feeding habits scope
New varieties.By literature search, do not find and the same or analogous open report of the present invention.
The content of the invention
The deficiency existed for above-mentioned prior art, hybridizes new product it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of mandarin fish and Tilapia mossambica
It is breeding method.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention:A kind of mandarin fish and Tilapia mossambica quasi aromatic hybrid rice breeding side
Method, by the selection of parent, the reinforced cultivating of parent, hastens parturition, artificial insemination, hatches these steps, it is characterised in that
The reinforced cultivating concrete operations of above-mentioned parent are:The mandarin fish female parent that will be singled out is put into mandarin fish parent culture pond,
And control mandarin fish parent culture pool inner water Wen Weiwei 20-24 DEG C, before hybridization 2-3 months to starting to feed by weight percentage
Include chicken embryo 8-15%, wilsonii 5-10%, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10-20%, B group vitamin 2-5%, pseudo-ginseng 5-10%, zymosan 3-5%,
Bait including pollen 5-10%, shrimp shell meal 10-30%, soft-shelled turtle egg 5-10%, day throwing amount is the tails of 1000-2000kg/ ten thousand, promotion property
Gland is developed;The Tilapia mossambica male parent that will be singled out is put into Tilapia mossambica parent culture pond, Tilapia mossambica parent culture pool inner water temperature
For for 18-20 DEG C, before hybridization 1 month to starting to feed including B group vitamins 5-25%, shrimp shell meal 65-90%, zymosan 5-
Bait including 10%, by weight percentage, day throwing amount are the tails of 1000-2000kg/ ten thousand, reinforced cultivating;
The concrete operations of above-mentioned artificial insemination are:Parent after conscientiously observation is hastened parturition, when both of which full maturity, adopts mandarin fish
Mature egg and the mature sperm of Tilapia mossambica, essence:The volume ratio of ovum is 1:3-5 is sufficiently mixed, i.e., the quantity of smart ovum is than big
In 500,000,000:1, temperature control is at 22-24 DEG C, and time of insemination 3-5min is stand-by;
The concrete operations of above-mentioned hatching are:Take step(4)In embryonated egg, be put into incubator and carry out Lotic hatching, hatching use
Water pH value is controlled in 8.0-8.4, and dissolved oxygen is 6.5-8.0mg/L, and Spawning water temperature control is made as 23-30 DEG C, and water velocity is 3-5m/
min;When hatching was by 2 hours, embryonated egg is put into 0-1 DEG C, 3-4min in the cold water added with inhibin α subunits and rare earth, its
Middle inhibin α subunits concentration be 0.5-1.0ppm, rare earth concentration is 1.5-2.5ppm, cold dissolved oxygen in water be maintained at 5.0mg/L with
On;Then take out and hatched once again in the water body of incubator, until emerging grows up to spray.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:The present invention is hybridized using mandarin fish with Tilapia mossambica, comprehensive mandarin fish
With the merit of Tilapia mossambica, through culture experiment, hybridization F1In generation, shows the features such as temper is more gentle, feeding habits are wide,
There is important application value in production, the sound development of China's culture fishery has been promoted.
Embodiment
In conjunction with specific embodiment, next the invention will be further elaborated.
Embodiment one
Mandarin fish fish and Tilapia mossambica quasi aromatic hybrid rice breeding method, comprise the following steps:
(1)The selection of parent:Choose 2 more than age, the female conduct of the Mandarin fish fish of body weight 1-2kg, gonadal maturation and health
It is maternal;The Tilapia mossambica male of 2 ages, body weight 0.4-1kg, gonadal maturation and health is chosen as male parent, 12 before hybridization
Month, just allow female, male in parent independent cultivate;
(2)The reinforced cultivating of parent:By step(1)The mandarin fish female parent picked out is put into mandarin fish parent culture pond, and is controlled
24 DEG C of mandarin fish parent culture pool inner water Wen Weiwei processed, starts to feed by chicken embryo 15%, wilsonii 10%, Radix Angelicae Sinensis for 2 months before hybridization
10%th, the bait that B groups vitamin 5%, pseudo-ginseng 10%, zymosan 3%, pollen 5%, shrimp shell meal 30%, soft-shelled turtle egg 5% are formulated, with
Percentage by weight meter, day throwing amount is the tails of 1000kg/ ten thousand, promotes gonad development;The Tilapia mossambica male parent that will be singled out is put into sieve
In non-fish parent culture pond, 18 DEG C of Tilapia mossambica parent culture pool inner water Wen Weiwei is fed by B group vitamins for 1 month before hybridization
25%th, shrimp shell meal 65%, the bait of zymosan 10%, day throwing amount are the tails of 1000kg/ ten thousand, by weight percentage, reinforced cultivating;
(3)Hasten parturition:To passing through step(2)The IU/kg fish body weights of maternal mandarin fish injection LRH-A2 6ug+HCG 700 of processing;It is right
Male parent Tilapia mossambica injects ocyodinic LRH-A 0.25ug+HCG100 IU/kg fish body weights;
(4)Artificial insemination:Conscientious observation of steps(3)Parent, when both of which full maturity, adopt the mature egg of Culter fishes Ji Gan
The mature sperm of fish, essence:The volume ratio of ovum is 1:3 are sufficiently mixed, i.e., the quantity ratio of smart ovum is more than 500,000,000:1, temperature control
At 24 DEG C, time of insemination 5min is stand-by;
(5)Hatching:Take step(4)In embryonated egg, be put into incubator and carry out Lotic hatching, Spawning water pH value control exist
8.4, dissolved oxygen is 8.0mg/L, and Spawning water temperature control is made as 30 DEG C, and water velocity is 5m/min;, will be by when hatching was by 2 hours
Smart ovum is put into 1 DEG C, 4min in the cold water added with inhibin α subunits and rare earth, and wherein inhibin α subunits concentration is 1.0ppm, dilute
Native concentration is 2.5ppm, and cold dissolved oxygen in water is maintained at more than 5.0mg/L, suppresses its chromosome separation, it is smoothly doubled fusion,
Form tetraploid;Then take out and hatched once again in the water body of incubator, until emerging grows up to spray.
Embodiment two
Mandarin fish fish and Tilapia mossambica quasi aromatic hybrid rice breeding method, comprise the following steps:
(1)The selection of parent:Choose 2 more than age, the female conduct of the Mandarin fish fish of body weight 1-2kg, gonadal maturation and health
It is maternal;The Tilapia mossambica male of 2 ages, body weight 0.4-1kg, gonadal maturation and health is chosen as male parent, 6 before hybridization
Month, just allow female, male in parent independent cultivate;
(2)The reinforced cultivating of parent:By step(1)The mandarin fish female parent picked out is put into mandarin fish parent culture pond, and is controlled
20 DEG C of mandarin fish parent culture pool inner water Wen Weiwei processed, before hybridization 2 months to starting to feed by chicken embryo 8%, wilsonii 5%, Radix Angelicae Sinensis
20%th, the bait that B groups vitamin 2%, pseudo-ginseng 5%, zymosan 5%, pollen 10%, shrimp shell meal 10%, soft-shelled turtle egg 10% are formulated,
By weight percentage, day throwing amount is the tails of 2000kg/ ten thousand, promotes gonad development;The Tilapia mossambica male parent that will be singled out is put into
In Tilapia mossambica parent culture pond, 18 DEG C of Tilapia mossambica parent culture pool inner water Wen Weiwei;Before hybridization 1 month to starting to feed by B
The bait that group vitamin 5%, shrimp shell meal 90%, zymosan 5% are constituted, day throwing amount is the tails of 2000kg/ ten thousand, by weight percentage,
Reinforced cultivating;
(3)Hasten parturition:To passing through step(2)The IU/kg fish body weights of maternal mandarin fish injection LRH-A2 6ug+HCG 700 of processing;It is right
Male parent Tilapia mossambica injects ocyodinic LRH-A 0.25ug+HCG100 IU/kg fish body weights,;
(4)Artificial insemination:Conscientious observation of steps(3)Parent, when both of which full maturity, adopt the mature egg and sieve of mandarin fish
The mature sperm of non-fish, essence:The volume ratio of ovum is 1:5 are sufficiently mixed, i.e., the quantity ratio of smart ovum is more than 500,000,000:1, temperature control
System is at 22 DEG C, and time of insemination 3min is stand-by;
(5)Hatching:Take step(4)In embryonated egg, be put into incubator and carry out Lotic hatching, Spawning water pH value control exist
8.0, dissolved oxygen is 6.5mg/L, and Spawning water temperature control is made as 23 DEG C, and water velocity is 3m/min;, will be by when hatching was by 2 hours
Smart ovum is put into 0 DEG C, 3min in the cold water added with inhibin α subunits and rare earth, and wherein inhibin α subunits concentration is 0.5ppm, dilute
Native concentration is 1.5ppm, and cold dissolved oxygen in water is maintained at more than 5.0mg/L, suppresses its chromosome separation, it is smoothly doubled fusion,
Form tetraploid;Then take out and hatched once again in the water body of incubator, until emerging grows up to spray.
Inventor's the method according to the invention is obtained to continue to track after spray and fed to 1 age, and 6 are randomly selected during feeding
Monthly age, each 20 tail of hybridization fish at 12 monthly ages, and randomly choose Mandarin fish fish, the Tilapia mossambica of the correspondence age of a fish, every kind of each age of a fish 20
Tail, determines body length, live body the quantitative character parameter such as again respectively, and specific data refer to following table one;The lower oxygen concentration resistance of 1 age fish is determined simultaneously
Situation, and feeding habits are recorded, as shown in Table 2.
Table one:
Table two:
It can be seen that from above-mentioned table two, crosses fish of the invention integrates the merit of mandarin fish and Tilapia mossambica, showing property
Son is more gentle, feeding habits are wide, lower oxygen concentration resistance the features such as.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of mandarin fish and Tilapia mossambica quasi aromatic hybrid rice breeding method, by the selection of parent, the reinforced cultivating of parent, hasten parturition,
Artificial insemination, hatch these steps, it is characterised in that
The reinforced cultivating concrete operations of above-mentioned parent are:The mandarin fish female parent that will be singled out is put into mandarin fish parent culture pond,
And control mandarin fish parent culture pool inner water Wen Weiwei 20-24 DEG C, before hybridization 2-3 months to starting to feed by weight percentage
Include chicken embryo 8-15%, wilsonii 5-10%, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10-20%, B group vitamin 2-5%, pseudo-ginseng 5-10%, zymosan 3-5%,
Bait including pollen 5-10%, shrimp shell meal 10-30%, soft-shelled turtle egg 5-10%, day throwing amount is the tails of 1000-2000kg/ ten thousand, promotion property
Gland is developed;The Tilapia mossambica male parent that will be singled out is put into Tilapia mossambica parent culture pond, Tilapia mossambica parent culture pool inner water temperature
For for 18-20 DEG C, before hybridization 1 month to starting to feed including B group vitamins 5-25%, shrimp shell meal 65-90%, zymosan 5-
Bait including 10%, by weight percentage, day throwing amount are the tails of 1000-2000kg/ ten thousand, reinforced cultivating;
The concrete operations of above-mentioned artificial insemination are:Parent after conscientiously observation is hastened parturition, when both of which full maturity, adopts mandarin fish
Mature egg and the mature sperm of Tilapia mossambica, essence:The volume ratio of ovum is 1:3-5 is sufficiently mixed, i.e., the quantity of smart ovum is than big
In 500,000,000:1, temperature control is at 22-24 DEG C, and time of insemination 3-5min is stand-by;
The concrete operations of above-mentioned hatching are:Take step(4)In embryonated egg, be put into incubator and carry out Lotic hatching, hatching use
Water pH value is controlled in 8.0-8.4, and dissolved oxygen is 6.5-8.0mg/L, and Spawning water temperature control is made as 23-30 DEG C, and water velocity is 3-5m/
min;When hatching was by 2 hours, embryonated egg is put into 0-1 DEG C, 3-4min in the cold water added with inhibin α subunits and rare earth, its
Middle inhibin α subunits concentration be 0.5-1.0ppm, rare earth concentration is 1.5-2.5ppm, cold dissolved oxygen in water be maintained at 5.0mg/L with
On;Then take out and hatched once again in the water body of incubator, until emerging grows up to spray.
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN108834957A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2018-11-20 | 中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所 | A kind of method of bolti and Mandarin fish gynogenesis |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1582650A (en) * | 2004-05-25 | 2005-02-23 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Hybrid method of Afria crucia carp and mandarin fish |
-
2017
- 2017-06-21 CN CN201710477234.9A patent/CN107155970A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN1582650A (en) * | 2004-05-25 | 2005-02-23 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Hybrid method of Afria crucia carp and mandarin fish |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108834957A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2018-11-20 | 中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所 | A kind of method of bolti and Mandarin fish gynogenesis |
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