CN1258736C - 光学指纹采集装置 - Google Patents

光学指纹采集装置 Download PDF

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CN1258736C
CN1258736C CNB028181514A CN02818151A CN1258736C CN 1258736 C CN1258736 C CN 1258736C CN B028181514 A CNB028181514 A CN B028181514A CN 02818151 A CN02818151 A CN 02818151A CN 1258736 C CN1258736 C CN 1258736C
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李钟益
申盛休
李东垣
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Abstract

公开了一种光学指纹采集装置，通过改变棱镜的形状，该光学指纹采集装置能够减小图像畸变和光学系统的尺寸。根据本发明的棱镜包括：供人的指纹接触的指纹接触表面；与指纹接触表面成角度θ并面对该指纹接触表面的全反射表面，用于全内反射从与指纹接触表面相接触的指纹所散射的光；初始出射/再入射表面，与指纹接触表面成角度φ并连接指纹接触表面与全反射表面，用于使从全反射表面被全反射的光初始出射后又从外部再入射；最终出射表面，其面对初始出射/再入射表面，用于使再入射到初始出射/再入射表面的光最终向外出射。

Description

光学指纹采集装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种光学指纹采集装置，尤其涉及一种能够通过改变棱镜的形状来减小图像畸变和光学系统尺寸的光学指纹采集装置。
背景技术
指纹采集装置是一种用于采集可适用于指纹识别器的指纹的装置，通过将所采集到的指纹与用户预先注册的指纹进行比较，所述指纹识别器被用于职员气锁、安全锁设备、门禁、考勤、计算机访问控制等。指纹采集装置大致分为光学型和非光学型。
光学指纹采集装置是这样一种装置，它将光照射到放在棱镜上的指纹上以形成一图像，并且读取在被按照指纹的沟和脊的形状反射后形成在图像传感器上的指纹图像以与预先存储的指纹进行比较。图1显示了一个典型的光学指纹采集装置的结构。
图1中的指纹采集装置代表“散射型”的指纹采集装置，其包括成像棱镜1、光源3、聚光透镜4和图像传感器5。从光源3发出的光以垂直角度或比临界角小得多的角度入射到成像棱镜1的指纹采集窗口2。因此，在没有接触指纹采集窗口2的指纹脊部处，光线将透过指纹采集窗口2而不到达所述图像传感器，而同时入射光从指纹的沟部被反射和散射。散射光入射到聚光透镜4并被图像传感器5所检测。这样，从指纹沟部入射到图像传感器5的光量与从指纹脊部入射到图像传感器5的光量就被区别开来。结果，图像传感器5根据指纹的图案输出具有不同电平的电信号。图像处理器(图中未示出)以数字信号来定义和处理图像传感器5的输出值，从而识别指纹的图案。
同时，为适应近来最小化产品尺寸的趋势，强烈要求减小指纹采集装置的尺寸。尤其是，该要求集中在减小各部件的尺寸以及光程上。然而，由于不可能减小人手指和指纹的尺寸，所以对于减小各部件的尺寸存在极限。此外，减小光程的长度超出必需的范围时会导致指纹图像质量的严重恶化。
日本待审专利公报No.Hei 4-24881(1992年1月28日)公开了一种用于在成像棱镜内将光程改变为不同方向的方法。日本待审专利公报No.Hei 2-176984(1990年7月10日)公开了一种用于在成像棱镜内以不同方式改变光程的方法，以及一种用于通过使用一个校正透镜和一个校正棱镜对从成像棱镜投射的图像进行校正的方法。
因此，除了用于形成和投射指纹图像的方法之外，正在进行的研究还在寻找用于校正图像畸变的方法。图像传感器与指纹之间的距离(光程)是随着光学指纹采集装置的棱镜上的指纹的位置而可变的。因此，在形成和定相(phased open)最终图像的位置处，指纹图像相对实际图像发生了畸变。该畸变通常呈现为阶梯形。
为了最小化这样的图像畸变，通过将用于会聚从棱镜投射的指纹图像的一聚光透镜和一校正透镜或校正棱镜相组合来对图像的畸变和象散进行校正。不过，那样的话，光学系统将变得更大。换句话说，由于聚光透镜、图像校正棱镜、光路更改镜等被分立安装，所以不可能减小指纹采集装置的尺寸。这最终将导致制造成本的增加和生产效率的降低。
一个理想的用来减小图像畸变而同时保持光学系统尺寸较小的解决方案是使从指纹的任何位置到图像传感器的距离(光程长度)一致。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种光学指纹采集装置，其采用了可以使从指纹的任何位置到图像传感器的距离(光程长度)一致以最小化光程差的一个棱镜和一个反射镜，而不依靠用于图像校正的透镜或棱镜。
为了实现本发明上述和其它的目的，提供了一种指纹采集装置，用于利用从指纹的沟部和脊部所散射的光来采集指纹图像，该指纹采集装置包括一个棱镜和一个反射镜。
所述棱镜包括：指纹接触表面，用来供人的指纹接触；全反射表面，其面对指纹接触表面，用于全内反射从与指纹接触表面相接触的指纹所散射的光；初始出射/再入射表面，其将指纹接触表面与全反射表面相连接，用于使从全反射表面反射的光初始出射再从外部入射；以及最终出射表面，其面对初始出射/再入射表面，用于使再入射到初始出射/再入射表面的光最终向外出射。
所述反射镜安装在与初始出射/再入射表面相邻的棱镜外部，从而通过反射从初始出射/再入射表面出射的光以使所述光再入射到初始出射/再入射表面，来校正光程差。
棱镜优选地为矩形形状，并且它的每个表面优选地满足如下关系：
(最终出射表面的长度)＜(初始出射/再入射表面的长度)＜(指纹接触表面的长度)＜(全反射表面的长度)
附图说明
根据下面结合附图的详细说明，本发明的其它目的、特征和优点将变得更加明显，图中：
图1是示出常规指纹采集装置的简图；和
图2是示出根据本发明的光学指纹采集装置的简图。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图来说明本发明的一个优选实施例。在下面的说明中，没有详细说明公知的功能或结构，因为它们将在不必要的细节方面使本发明变得模糊。
图2显示的是根据本发明实施例的指纹采集装置，其包括：棱镜20，用于利用从指纹的沟部和脊部散射的光来形成指纹图像；聚光透镜30；以及光源40。
本发明的实施例中使用的棱镜20是矩形棱镜，其包括：指纹接触表面21，用于供人的指纹15接触；全反射表面22，其与指纹接触表面21成θ角并面对指纹接触表面21，用于全内反射从与指纹接触表面21相接触的指纹所散射的光；初始出射/再入射表面23，其与指纹接触表面21成φ角并将指纹接触表面21与全反射表面22相连，用于使从全反射表面22全反射的光初始出射后又从外部重新入射；以及最终出射表面24，其面对初始出射/再入射表面23，用于使再入射到初始出射/再入射表面23的光最终向外出射。从最终出射表面24出射的光通过聚光透镜30聚焦在一图像传感器上(图中未示出)，从而被采集为一图像。
同时，按与初始出射/再入射表面23成δ角将反射镜25安装在与初始出射/再入射表面23相邻的外部。反射镜25对从初始出射/再入射表面23出射的光进行反射，以使所述光通过初始出射/再入射表面23再入射到棱镜20。
如图2所示，光源40发出的光，穿过所述棱镜的全反射表面22，到达与所述指纹接触表面相接触的指纹15。这里省略了对光源40的操作的具体说明，因为它与常规的光学指纹采集装置的一样。
参照图2，从指纹15散射的光首先被全反射表面22全内反射。如图2所示，全反射表面22与指纹接触表面21不平行，而是倾斜得与其成一角度θ。因此，到达全反射表面22的光被全反射并且取向到初始出射/再入射表面23。
向初始出射/再入射表面23全反射的光透过初始出射/再入射表面23，出射到棱镜20外。出射光被相对于初始出射/再入射表面23倾斜安装的反射镜25所反射，并且重新入射到初始出射/再入射表面23。这里，将反射镜25安装得有一角度δ，从而使光线可以射向最终出射表面24的中央部分。从反射镜25反射并再入射到棱镜20的光出射到最终出射表面24的外面，并通过聚光透镜30入射到一图像传感器(图中未示出)。
如上所述，从指纹15的每一位置“a”、“b”、“c”散射并会聚在聚光透镜上的光的光程几乎是相同的。比较位置“a”和位置“c”，在光在棱镜20的内部被全反射以前，从位置“c”散射的光的光程比从位置“a”散射的光的光程要长。然而，在光被从全反射表面22全反射以后，从位置“a”散射的光的光程比从位置“c”散射的光的光程要长。因此，从指纹15的任何位置开始的所有光程具有几乎相同的长度，从而可以减小指纹图像的畸变。
因此，根据本发明，如何确定与全反射表面22的角度θ以及与反射镜25的角度δ是关键。必须把角度θ限定得将从指纹接触表面21的有效指纹接触区域E内的任何位置所散射的光全反射向初始出射/再入射表面23，同时，必须把角度δ限定得将从初始出射/再入射表面23初始出射的光反射到最终出射表面24的中央部分。
考虑初始出射/再入射表面23与指纹接触表面21之间的角度φ同样是优选的。通过初始出射/再入射表面23在棱镜20内外之间通过的光由于不同介质的折射率而被折射。因此，通过如下手段来确定角度φ是优选的，即：考虑通过初始出射/再入射表面23出射到棱镜20外、被反射镜25反射以及通过初始出射/再入射表面23重新入射到棱镜20的光线的光程变化。而且，也可以在初始出射/再入射表面23与反射镜25之间的空间中填充可透光材料，尽管图2中显示了没有填充任何材料于其间。
同时，在图2中的棱镜20的每个表面之间建立了如下关系：
(最终出射表面24的长度)＜(初始出射/再入射表面23的长度)＜(指纹接触表面21的长度)＜(全反射表面22的长度)
上面的关系是形成与指纹接触表面21成角度θ的全反射表面22的自然结果。这个关系表达了根据本发明的棱镜的形状。
根据本发明的光学指纹采集装置具有如下优势和效果：提高效率、降低制造成本和误操作的频率，这是通过减小指纹图像的畸变和最小化光学系统而不依赖用于图像校正的独立透镜或棱镜来实现的。
尽管已经参照本发明的特定的优选实施例展示并说明了本发明，但是，本领域内的熟练技术人员应该理解，在不偏离如由所附权利要求所限定的本发明的精神和范围的条件下，可对本发明进行各种形式和细节上的更改。

Claims (4)

1.一种光学指纹采集装置，用于利用从指纹散射的光来采集指纹图像，该光学指纹采集装置包括：
棱镜，其包括：指纹接触表面，用于供人的指纹接触；全反射表面，其与指纹接触表面成角度θ并且面对该指纹接触表面，用于全内反射从与指纹接触表面相接触的指纹所散射的光；初始出射/再入射表面，其与指纹接触表面成角度φ并且连接指纹接触表面和全反射表面，用于使从全反射表面全反射的光初始出射后又从外部再入射；最终出射表面，其面对初始出射/再入射表面，用于使再入射到初始出射/再入射表面的光最终向外出射；以及
反射镜，其被以与初始出射/再入射表面成角度δ安装在与该初始出射/再入射表面相邻的棱镜外部，用于反射从初始出射/再入射表面出射的光以使该光通过初始出射/再入射表面再入射到所述棱镜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光学指纹采集装置，在棱镜的每个表面之间建立了如下关系：
(最终出射表面的长度)＜(初始出射/再入射表面的长度)＜(指纹接触表面的长度)＜(全反射表面的长度)。
3.根据权利要求1或2的光学指纹采集装置，其中
角度θ被限定得使从指纹接触表面的有效指纹接触区域按一预定角度散射的光被全反射向初始出射/再入射表面，
角度δ被限定得使从初始出射/再入射表面初始出射的所有光被反射向最终出射表面的中央部分，并且
角度φ被限定得使从初始出射/再入射表面初始出射并从反射镜所反射的所有光被折射向最终出射表面的中央部分。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的光学指纹采集装置，其中，在棱镜的初始出射/再入射表面与反射镜之间的间隙中填充有透光材料。
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US20030053228A1 (en) 2003-03-20
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