CN1241177A - 作为基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂的取代4-联苯基-4-羟基丁酸衍生物 - Google Patents
作为基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂的取代4-联苯基-4-羟基丁酸衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1241177A CN1241177A CN97180910A CN97180910A CN1241177A CN 1241177 A CN1241177 A CN 1241177A CN 97180910 A CN97180910 A CN 97180910A CN 97180910 A CN97180910 A CN 97180910A CN 1241177 A CN1241177 A CN 1241177A
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Abstract
本发明涉及基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂、含有它们的药用组合物及使用它们治疗各种生理病症的方法。本发明化合物具有通式Ⅰ结构,其中T是药学上可接受的取代基;A是CH2、CH或N;G是CH2或CH;和R1是任何公开的取代基。本发明化合物包括含环物质,其中单元A和G连接。本发明化合物是非对映体的混合物或构成这些混合物的单一非对映体。
Description
相互参考的有关申请:
本申请涉及美国专利申请序号08/399846,1994年11月15日申请;以及涉及美国专利申请序号08/539409,1995年11月6日申请和相关的PCT申请号WO9615096。
美国专利申请序号08/399846和08/539409的公开在此结合本发明作为参考。
范围:
本发明涉及酶抑制剂,更确切地说,涉及用于抑制基质金属蛋白酶的新4-联苯基-4-羟基丁酸衍生物。
背景:
基质金属蛋白酶(也称为基质金属内切蛋白酶或MMPs)属于锌内切蛋白水解酶家族,其包括(但不限于)间质胶原酶(也称为MMP-1),基质(stromelysin)(也称为proteogly canase,transin或MMP-3)、明胶酶A(也称为72kDa-明胶酶或MMP-2)和明胶酶B(也称为95kDa-明胶酶或MMP-9)。通过包括成纤维细胞和软骨细胞等各种细胞,与称为TIMPs(Tissue Inhitior of Metallo Proteinase)的天然蛋白抑制剂一起分泌出这些MMPs。
所有这些MMPs能够破坏关节软骨或基质生物膜的各种结缔组织成份。每种MMP分泌时为无活性的酶原,但在随后的步骤中必须经分解才能具有其蛋白水解活性。除了基质破坏作用外,某些MMPs如MMP-3对其它MMPs如MMP-1和MMP-9而言具有体内激活剂的作用[Ito,A,and Nagase,H.,Arch,Biothem,Biophys.,267,211-6(1988);Ogata,Y.;Enghild,J.and Nagase,H.,J.Biol,chem.267,3581-4(1992)]。这样,通过过量的MMP-3可以引发串联的蛋白水解活性。接着特异的MMP-3抑制剂将限制这样的抑制剂不能直接抑制的其它MMPs的活性。
也有报道MMP-3可以分解并使其它蛋白酶如弹性蛋白酶的内源性抑制剂失活[Winyard,P.G.;Zhang,Z.;Childwick,K.;Blake,D.R.;Carrell,R.W.;Murphy,G.,FEBS Letl,279,91-4(1991)]。通过改变它们内源性抑制剂的水平,MMP-3的抑制剂可以影响其它分解性蛋白酶的活性。
许多疾病可认为是由过量的或不需要的基质破坏性(matrix-destroying)金属蛋白酶活性或MMPs对TIMPs比率失衡介导的。这些包括:a)骨关节炎[Woessner,J.F.,Tr.;Selzer,M.G.,J.Biol.Chem.259,3633-8(1984)和Phadke,K.,J.Rheumatal.10,852-60(1983)],b)类风湿性关节炎[Mullins,D.E.;Rohrlich,S.T.,Biochim,Biophys,Acta695,117-214(1983);Woolley,D,E.;Crossley,M.J.;Evanson,M.J.,Arthritis Rheum.20,1231-9(1977);and Gravallese,E.M.;Darling,J.M.;Ladd,A.L.;Katz,J.N.;Glimcher,L.H.,Arthritis Rheum.34,1076-84(1991)],c)脓毒性关节炎[Williams,R.J.,III;Smith,R.L.;Schurman,D.J.,Arthritis Rheum,33,533-41(1990)],d)肿瘤转移[Reich,R.;Thompson,E.W.;Iwamoto,Y.;Martin,G.R.;Deason,J.R.;Faller,G.C.;Miskin,R.,Cancer Res.48 3307-12(1988)and Matrisian,L,M.;Bawden,G.T.;Krieg,P.;Fuerstenberger,G.;Briand,J.P.;Leroy,P.;Breathnach,R.,Proc,Natl,Acad.Sci.U.S.A.83 9413-7(1986)],e)牙周疾病[Overall,C,M.;Widbkin.O.W.;Thonard,T.C.J.Peridontal.Res.22,81-8(1987)],f)角膜溃疡(Burns,F,R.;Stack,M.S.;Gray,R.D.;Paterson,C.A.,Invest、Ophthalmol,Vis,Sci.30,1569-75(1989)],g)蛋白尿症[Baricos,W,H.;Murphy,G.;Zhou,Y.;Nguyen,H,H.;Shah,S.V.,Biochem,J.254,609-12(1988)],h)由动脉粥样硬化蚀斑破裂引起冠状血栓形成(Davies,M.J.;Foster,K.;Hembry,R.;Murphy,G.;Humphries,S.,Proc,Natl,Acad,Sci,U.S.A.88,8154-8)(1991)],i)主动脉瘤病[Vine,N.;Powell,J.T.,Clin.Sci.81,233-9(1991)],j)分娩控制(birthcontrol)[Woessner,J.F.,Jr.;Morioka,N.;Zhu,C.;Mukaida,T.;Butler,T.;LeMaire,W.J.,Steroids 54,491-9(1989)],k)营养不良性(dystrophobic)大疱性表皮松解[Kronberger,A.;Valle,K.J.;Eisen,A.Z.;Bauer,E,A.,J.Invest,Dermatol,79,208-11(1982)]和1)创伤性关节损伤后的退行性软骨丢失,引起炎症反应的疾病,由MMP活性介导的骨质减少,tempero下颔骨关节病,中枢系统的脱髓鞘疾病(demyelating)等等[Chantry,A.;Earl,C.;Groome,N.;Glynn,P.,J,Neurochem.50,688-94(1988)]。
在关节炎疾病的情况中,需要新的治疗方法尤其重要。骨关节炎(OA)、类风湿性关节炎(AR)和脓毒性关节炎的主要的病残作用是关节软骨的进行性丢失并由此而影响正常关节功能。虽然非甾体抗炎药物(NSAIDs)可以控制疼痛和肿胀,但市场上还没有药物能够防止或减缓软骨损失。这些疾病的最终结果是关节功能完全丧失,并仅能通过关节替代治疗。预期MMP抑制剂可以阻止或逆转进行性软骨丢失并预防或延缓外科手术。
蛋白酶在肿瘤转移进行的几个阶段中为非常重要的成分。在该过程中,基底膜上的结构蛋白的水解降解使初始部位的肿瘤扩大,并从该部位选出,在远离的第二个部位定居并侵入。肿瘤诱导的血管生成是肿瘤生长所需要的并取决于蛋白水解组织的变化。用各种类型蛋白酶的转染实验表明基质金属蛋白酶,特别是明胶酶A和B(分别为MMP-2和MMP-9)在这些过程中起决定性作用。该领域的的总的看法可参见Mullins,D.E.;Rohrlich,S.T.,Biochim Biophys.Acta 695,177-214(1983);Ray,J.M.;Stetler-Stevenson,W.G.,Eur,Respir.J.7,2062-72(1994)和Birkedal-Hansen,B.;De Carlo,A.;Englar,J.A.,Crit,Rev,Oral,Biol,Med,4,197-250(1993)。
而且,已显示通过天然基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂TIMP-2(一种蛋白质)抑制细胞外基质降解可阻止肿瘤生长[De Clerck,Y,A.;Perez,N.;Shimada,H.;Boone,T.C.;Langley,K.E.;Taylor,S.M.,Cancer Res.52,701-8(1992)]以及在实验系统中,TIMP-2抑制肿瘤诱导的血管生成[Moses,M.A.;Sudhalter,J.;Langer,K.,Science 248,1408-10(1990)]。该观点可参见De Clerck,Y.;Shimada,H.;Taylor,S.M.;Langley,K,E.,Ann,N.Y.Acad,Sci.732,222-32(1994)。也表明当腹膜内给药时合成的基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂司马替丁抑制人结肠肿瘤的生长并在裸鼠中以正位扩散[Wang,X.;Fu.X.;Brown,P.D;Crimmin,M.J.;Hoffman,R.M.Cancer Res.54 4726-8(1994)]和延长用人卵巢癌异种移植小鼠的存活期[Davies,B.;Brown,P.D.;East,N;Crimmin.M.J.;Balkwill,F.R.,Cancer Res,53,2087-91(1993)]。在WO-A-9321942中已介绍这些化合物及有关化合物的用途。
有几个专利和专利申请公开了使用金属蛋白酶抑制剂阻滞肿瘤转移,促使肿瘤退化,抑制癌细胞增生,减缓或防止与骨关节炎有关的软骨丢失或治疗上述介绍的其它疾病(例如:WO-A-9519965;WO-A-9519956;WO-A-9519957;WO-A-9519961;WO-A-9321942;WO-A-9321942;WO-9421625;美国专利4599361;美国专利5190937;EP0574758A1,(1993年12月22日公布);EP026436A1(1988年8月3日公布)和EP0520573A1(1992年12月30日公布)。这些专利优选的化合物是在一个末端和各种侧链(发现于天然氨基酸上末端和侧链并具有较新的官能团)上具有锌配合基团(异羟肟酸、硫羟、羧酸或次膦酸)的肽主链。这样小肽常常被较差的吸收,表现出低的口服生物利用度。它们也迅速经蛋白水解代谢,这样具有较短的半衰期。作为实例,在WO-A-9321942中所述的化合物batimastat仅可以为腹膜内给药。
WO9615096(1996年5月23日公布)介绍了取代的4-双芳基丁酸或5-双芳基戊酸和衍生物作为基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂。这是美国部分继续申请08/339846(1994年11月15日申请)号,在此结合本发明作为参考。该申请公开两个取代的4-联苯基-4-羟基丁酸衍生物(见下述实施例33和34)。这些化合物作为MMP-3抑制剂的有效性比相应的4-联苯基-4-氧代丁酸衍生物低。WO9615096实施例1 异构体AWO9615096实施例33IC50486nM(对MMP-3) IC502600nM(对MMP-3)
异构体BWO9615096实施例34
IC505000nM(对MMP-3)
所需的有效的MMP抑制剂与先有技术的肽-基化合物比较,具有改善生物利用度和生物稳定性并更适宜用于针对特别的靶向MMPs。这些化合物是本申请的主要内容。
概述
根据WO9615096中公开的取代的4-双芳基-4-羟基丁酸作为MMP抑制剂似乎比类似相同取代的4-双芳基-4-氧代丁酸表现出较低的活性,令人惊奇的是现已发现其它的4-双芳基-4-羟基丁酸的活性异构体作为MMP抑制剂比相应的4-氧代化合物更有效。
A和G两者为CH2;或者
A是化学键和G是CH2;或者
A是CH或N;和
G是CH;和
A通过下式成环键与G连接:
(CH2)0-3(Q)(CH2)0-3;其中
Q是化学键,S,或O;和
C、S和O构成连接原子;
导致环的形成,其包括A(所述的成环键)和G;条件是
在所述的成环键中n加上连接原子的总数之和是1-4整数;和
在所述环中杂原子数是0或1;R1是
*6-10个碳原子的芳基,条件是假若芳基是苯基,则X是1或2;
*含有4-9个碳原子的杂芳基,并至少有一个N,O或S杂原子;
*芳基取代的链烯基,其中芳基部分含有6-10个碳原子,链烯基
部分含有2-5个碳原子;
*杂芳基取代的链烯基,其中杂芳基部分含有4-9个碳原子和至少
一个N,O或S杂原子,以及链烯基部分含有2-5个碳原子;
*芳基取代的炔基,其中芳基部分含有6-10个碳原子和炔基部分
含有2-5个碳原子;
*杂芳基取代的炔基,其中杂芳基部分含有4-9个碳原子和至少有
一个N,O或S杂原子和炔基部分含有2-5个碳原子;
*N-苯二甲酰亚氨基(phthalimidoyl);
*N-(1,2-萘二羰酰亚氨基(naphthalenedicarboximidoyl));
*N-(2,3-萘二羰酰亚氨基);
*N-(1,8-萘二羰酰亚氨基);
*N-吲哚基(indoloyl);
*N-(2-Pyrrolodinonyl);
*N-琥珀酰亚胺基(succinimidoyl);
*N-马来酰亚胺基(maleimidoyl);
*3-乙内酰脲基;
*1,2,4-尿唑基;
*酰氨基;
*尿烷;
*脲
*非芳族取代或未取代的杂环,含有N原子并通过N原子连接,
以及含有一个另外的O或S;
*氨基;和
*ZR8,其中
R8是:
*6-10个碳原子的芳基;
*杂芳基,含有4-9个碳原子和至少一个N,O或S杂原子;
*芳基烷基,其中芳基部分含有6-12个碳原子和烷基部分含有1-
4个碳原子;或
*杂芳基-烷基,其中芳基部分含有4-9个碳原子和至少有一个N,
O或S杂原子以及烷基部分含有1-4个碳原子;
和条件是
当Z是O,R8也可以是亚烷氧基或末端具有H、烷基或苯基的
聚亚烷氧基。
任何T或R1基团的芳基或杂芳基部分任选可含有多至两个取代基,所述取代基选自-(CH2)yC(R11)(R12)OH,-(CH2)yOR11,-(CH2)ySR11,-(CH2)yS(O)R11,-(CH2)yS(O)2R11,-(CH2)ySO2N(R11)2,-(CH2)yN(R11)2,-(CH2)yN(R11)COR12,-OC(R11)2O-,其中两个氧原子连接芳环,-(CH2)yCOR12,-(CH2)yCON(R11)2,-(CH2)yCO2R11,-(CH2)yOCOR11,卤素,-CHO,-CF3、-NO2、-CN和-R12,其中Y是0-4;R11代表H或1-4个碳原子的低级烷基;和R12代表1-4个碳原子的低级烷基。
对于制备,本发明化合物是非对映体的混合物。对于每个化合物而言,重要的原料是非对映体的混合物或为比非对映体构成的非对映体混合物具有较大MMP抑制活性的单一非对映体。药学上可接受的盐也属于本发明范围内。
除了上述化合物外,本发明也涉及药用组合物,其包含上述的和下面更详细叙述的本发明化合物,加上药学上可接受的载体。
本发明进一步涉及治疗哺乳动物中由基质金属蛋白酶介导的疾病以得到疗效的方法,该方法包括给予哺乳动物一定量上述和下面更详细叙述的本发明化合物,以有效治疗病症。详述
本发明广泛涉及具有上述通式I的基质金属蛋白酶抑制的化合物。
式I中符号“T”代表药学上可接受的取代基。示范性基团“T”是如卤素;烷基;卤烷基;链烯基;炔基;-(CH2)pQ,其中P是0或1-4的整数,及-链烯基-Q其中链烯基部分包含2-4个碳原子的部分。后两个基团中Q可以是芳基、杂芳基、-CN、-CHO、-NO2、-CO2R4、-OCOR4、-SOR5、-SO2R5、-CON(R4)2、-SO2N(R4)2、-COR4、-N(R4)2、-N(R4)COR4、-N(R4)CO2R5、-N(R4)CON(R4)2、-OR6和-SR6。在这些式中,R4代表H、烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳烷基或杂芳烷基;R5代表烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳烷基或杂芳烷基和R6代表H,烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳烷基、杂芳基-烷基、链烯基、炔基、卤烷基、酰基或亚烷氧基或末端为H、烷基或苯基的聚亚烷氧基。Q含有或为Q的一部分的不饱和部分由至少一个碳原子与Q的任何N、O或S原子分开。(I)的末端苯环可以是未取代的或可以带有多至2个取代基T。因此,下标x是0,1或2。
刚刚提及的“T”将在下面进一步定义:“烷基”意为含有1-10个碳原子的直链、支链、环和多环烃基;“卤烷基”意为含有1-10个碳原子的部分或全部卤代的烷基;“链烯基”意为含有2-10个碳原子和至少一个双键的直链、支链、环和多环不饱和烃基;“炔基”意为含有2-10个碳原子和至少一个叁键的直链、支链、环和多环烃基;“芳基”意为6-12个碳原子的芳族碳环或碳双环基团如苯基、联苯基或萘基;“杂芳基”意为含有选自O、N和S的1-4个杂原子的6-12个原子的芳环基团;“芳烷基”意为具有芳基末端的1-4个碳原子的烷基链;“杂芳烷基”意为具有杂芳基末端的1-4个碳原子的烷基链;“酰基”意为-CO烷基、CO芳基或CO杂芳基;“亚烷氧基”意为1-6个亚甲基和1个氧原子的二基团链和“多亚烷氧基”意为1-6个亚甲基和2-3氧原子的二基团链,但条件是每个氧原子与其他氧原子之间至少由一个碳原子隔开。
除了式(II)化合物,在第二方面,本发明涉及(I)化合物,其中n是0或1;A是CH或N;G是CH;和A是通过式(CH2)0-3(Q)(CH2)0-3的成环键与G连接,其中Q是化学键、S或O;C、S和O构成连接原子。这些参数选择导致环的形成,它包括A,上述的成环键和G。该亚组化合物基于式I,条件是成环键中n加上连接原子的总数之和是1-4的整数;环中杂原子数目是0或1。T、x、m和R1为与式(I)有关的定义。这些化合物具有包括杂原子N、O或S的4-7元环并由下式(III)代表。
本领域技术人员应理解本发明每个化合物存在一个以上的非对映体形式并理解这样的立体异构体一般在生物系统中表现出不同的活性。本发明包含的所有可能的立体异构体均具有抗MMP的抑制活性,无论它们的立体异构形式如何,虽然在此要求保护的仅是每种混合物中更有活性的立体异构体。也包含立体异构体混合物,其中至少一种具有MMP抑制活性。
本发明也包含权利要求保护的化合物的药学上可接受的“药物前体”。一般讲,这些是本发明含醇化合物的酰化衍生物或羧酸部分的低级烷基酯和低级烷基酰胺以及通过羧酸基(function)与羟基反应形成的内酯。然而,已知其它类型的药物前体。这样的药物前体,在体内可以为生理无活性或有活性的,在接受治疗者的体内中可以转化成本发明的活性化合物。物质内酯和直链形式的互换图式所示如下这样的衍生物的制备均属本领域技术范围。
本发明最优选的化合物如所示并命名列表如下:4-[4-(4-氯苯基)苯基]-4-羟基-2-(苯硫甲基)丁酸;[2S,4R]-4-[4-(4-氯苯基)苯基]-4-羟基-2-(苯硫甲基)丁酸;4-[4-(4-氯苯基)苯基]-4-羟基-2-[(4-羟苯基)-硫甲基]-丁酸;更有活性的化合物[2S,4R]-4-[4-(4-氯苯基)苯基]-4-羟基-2-[(4-羟苯基)-硫甲基]丁酸和[2S,4S]-4-[4-(4-氯苯基)苯基]-4-羟基-2-[(4-羟苯基)-硫甲基]丁酸;4-[4-(4-氯苯基)苯基]-4-羟基-2-(3-苯丙基)丁酸;更有活性的化合物[2S,4R]-4-[4-(4-氯苯基)苯基]-4-羟基-2-(3-苯丙基)-丁酸和[2S,4S]4-[4-(4-氯苯基)苯基]-4-羟基-2-(3-苯丙基)-丁酸;4-[4-(4-氯苯基)苯基]-4-羟基-2-[2-(3-N,N-二乙基氨基甲酰基)-苯乙基]丁酸;更有活性的化合物[2S,4R]-4-[4-(4-氯苯基)苯基]-4-羟基-2-[2-(3-N,N-二乙基-氨基甲酰基)苯乙基]丁酸和[2S,4S]-4-[4-(4-氯苯基)苯基]-4-羟基-2-[2-(3-N,N-二乙基-氨基甲酰基)苯乙基]丁酸;4-[4-(4-戊氧苯基)苯基]-4-羟基-2-(3-苯丙基)丁酸;更有活性的化合物[2S,4R]-4-[4-(4-戊氧苯基)苯基]-4-羟基-2-(3-苯丙基)-丁酸和[2S,4S]-4-[4-(4-戊氧苯基)苯基]-4-羟基-2-(3-苯丙基)-丁酸;4-[4-(4-苄氧苯基)苯基]-4-羟基-2-(3-苯丙基)丁酸;更有活性的化合物[2S,4R]-4-[4-(4-苄氧苯基)苯基]-4-羟基-2-(3-苯丙基)-丁酸和[2S,4S]-4-[4-(4-苄氧苯基)苯基]-4-羟基-2-(3-苯丙基)-丁酸;4-[4-(4-氯苯基)苯基]-4-羟基-2-(2-苯二甲酰亚氨基乙基)丁酸;更有活性的化合物[2S,4R]-4-[4-(4-氯苯基)苯基]-4-羟基-2-(2-苯二甲酰亚氨基乙基)-丁酸和[2S,4S]-4-[4-(4-氯苯基)苯基]-4-羟基-2-(2-苯二甲酰亚氨基乙基)-丁酸;反式-5-[(4-(4-氯苯基)苯基)羟甲基]-反式-2-苯硫-环戊烷羧酸;更有活性的化合物(1S,2R,5S)-反式-5-[(4-(4-氯苯基)苯基)-S-羟甲基]-反式-2-苯硫环戊烷羧酸和(1 S,2R,5S)-反式-5-[(4-(4-氯苯基)苯基)-R-羟甲基]-反式-2-苯硫环戊烷羧酸;反式-5-[(4-(4-氯苯基)苯基)羟甲基]-顺式-2-(2-甲氧基-羰基-苯硫基)环戊烷羧酸;更有活性的化合物(1S,2S,5S)-反式-5-[(4-(4-氯苯基)苯基)-S-羟甲基]-顺式-2-(2-甲氧羰基苯硫基)环戊烷羧酸和(1S,2S,5S)-反式-5-[(4-(4-氯苯基)苯基)-R-羟基甲基]-顺式-2-(2-甲氧羰基苯硫基)环戊烷羧酸;反式-5-[(4-(4-氯苯基)苯基)羟甲基]-反式-2-苯二甲酰亚氨基-甲基环戊烷羧酸;和更有活性的化合物(1S,2R,5S)-反式-5-[(4-(4-氯苯基)苯基)-S-羟甲基]-反式-2-苯二甲酰亚氨基甲基环戊烷羧酸和(1S,2R,5S)-反式-5-[(4-(4-氯苯基)苯基)-R-羟甲基]-反式-2-苯二甲酰亚氨基甲基环戊烷羧酸。制备通法
通过使用已知的化学反应和方法,可容易地制备本发明化合物。然而,还是提供下面制备通法,用下面实验部分中提供的更详细的实施例,帮助读者合成抑制剂。
若这些方法的所有各种基团没有特别定义,则它们均如通用描述中的意义。通法A:
在0℃至室温下,用选择性氢化还原剂如硼氢化钠或氰基硼氢钠于溶剂如乙醇或四氢呋喃中还原取代的4-联苯基-4-氧代丁酸衍生物来常规性地制备本发明化合物。另外,还原剂可以是本领域技术人员所使用的任何其它还原剂,以便将羰基还原为二级醇,条件是这样的还原剂不能在T,羧基或起始原料的R1部分中产生不需要的变化。
通法B-按通法A可以便利地制备纯的异构体原料,但要使用手性还原剂如CBS系(Corey,E,J.;Bakshi,R.K.;Shibara,S.,J,Am,Chem,Soc,1987,109,5551-5553或Corey,E.J.;Bakshi,R.K.;Shibata,S.;Chen,C.-P.;Singh,V.K.,J.Am,Chem.Soc,1987,109,7925-7926)代替硼氢化钠。
本发明化合物的适当的药学上可接受的盐包括用有机或无机碱形成的加成盐。衍生于这样的碱成盐离子可以是金属离子,例如铝,碱金属离子,如钠或钾,碱土金属离子如钙或镁或氨盐离子,其中一些为本目的熟知的离子。实例包括铵盐,芳烷基胺如二苄胺和N,N-二苄基亚乙基二胺,低级烷基胺如甲胺,叔-丁胺,普鲁长因,低级烷基哌啶如N-乙基哌啶,环烷基胺如环己胺或二环己胺,1-金钢烷胺、benzathine或衍生于氨基酸如精氨酸、赖氨酸等的盐。生理上可接受的盐如钠盐或钾盐和氨基酸盐可如下所述作为药物应用并被优选。
为下述的目的,这些或其它的生理上不需要的盐可用于分离或纯化可接收的产物。例如,使用市售对映纯的胺如(+)-辛可宁在适当溶剂中可得到本发明化合物单一对映体的结晶盐,在溶液中留下相对的对映体,该法通常称为“经典拆分”。由于所给的本发明化合物的一个对映体常常在生理作用方面显著大于它的对映体,这样可以在结晶中或在液相中纯化发现此种活性异构体。通过将化合物的酸形式与能提供所需的碱离子的等当量碱在使盐沉淀的介质或含水介质中反应来制备所述盐,然后冷干。通过常规的中和技术如用硫酸氢钾、盐酸等可以从盐中得到游离的酸形式。
从羧酸与低级烷基胺或天然氨基酸可以制备本发明化合物适合的酯和酰胺衍生物,例如,4-羟基的烷基和芳基羧酸酯或羧酸的烷基或芳基酯或酰胺。
已发现本发明化合物抑制基质金属蛋白酶MMP-3、MMP-9和MMP-2,并用于治疗或预防上述的疾病。由于上述未列出的其它MMPs与上述列出的具有高度的同源性(homology),尤其在催化部位上,这可认为本发明化合物也能不同程度地抑制这样的其它MMPs。改变分子芳基部分的取代基,以及权利要求保护的化合物的丁酸链的取代基将影响对所列出的MMPs的相对抑制作用。通过选择特定取代基可以“调节(tuned)”这类的化合物以使增强与特定病理症状有关的特定MMPs的抑制作用,同时对未涉及的MMPs只产生较少的作用。
可设计本发明抑制剂以便用于人类和兽医领域。因此,本发明涉及治疗哺乳动物(包括人和/或牛奶场、肉厂或皮毛工业饲养的动物,或如宠物如、小鼠、大鼠、马、牛、羊、狗、猫等)的方法,就是对这些患有如上所述基质金属蛋白酶介导疾病的动物给予有效量的本发明化合物。在这种治疗方法中,优选的哺乳动物是人。可以获得的疗效是:缓解骨关节炎,类风湿性关节炎、脓毒性性关节炎、牙周病、角膜溃疡、蛋白脲、主动脉瘤病、营养不良性大泡性表皮松解、引起炎症反应的疾病、由MMP活性介导的骨质减少,tempero下颔骨关节病或中抠系统的脱髓鞘病;阻滞肿瘤转移或创伤性关节损伤后的退行性软骨丢失;减少由动脉粥样硬化蚀斑破裂引起冠状血栓形成或改善分娩控制。在该治疗方法中抑制剂化合物的用量是能有效抑制至少一种基质金属蛋白酶的活性,导致获取所需疗效。
在药用组合物中应用本发明化合物,所述药用组合物含有活性成分加上一种或多种药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂、填充剂、粘合剂和其它赋形剂,这将取决于给药模式和设计的剂型。
抑制剂的给药可以是本领域技术人员熟知的任何适当形式。适合胃肠外给药的实例包括静脉、关节内,皮下和肌肉给药途径。
应用静脉给药可以获得药物的峰血浆浓度的快速调节。通过将药物包在脂质体中可有助于改善半衰期及药物对关节腔的靶向给予。通过将配体掺入脂质体外周结合成滑液特殊大分子有可能改善脂质体对关节腔靶向的选择性。另外,用或不用胶囊包裹将药物转成可降解微球如包含聚(DL-乳糖-共-葡萄糖苷),可以用于肌肉、关节内或皮下贮存注射,以获得延长持续的药物释放。为了改善剂型的用药便利,可以使用i.p.植入贮药库和隔膜(如购于Pharmacia的Percuseal系统)。通过使用注射笔(如Novo Pin或Q-pen)或无针喷气注射器(如购自Bioject,Mediject或Becton Dickinson)也可以使用药便利和改善患者耐受力。若需要,使用植入泵通过套管释放药物到滑膜空间的方法也可以获取延长零级(zero-order)或其它精确控制的释放如搏动释放。实例包括购于ALZA的皮下植入等渗泵,如ALZET等渗泵。
通过将药物掺入生物粘附微粒载体(<200μm)如包括纤维素、聚丙烯酸酯或聚亲有机物,与适当的吸收增强剂如磷脂或酰基肉碱一起可以获得鼻内释放药物。可获得的系统包括DanBiosys和SciosNova开发的系统。
通过将药物掺入片剂、包衣片剂、糖锭剂(dragee)、硬和软明胶胶束,溶液剂、乳剂或混悬剂中可以达到口服给药。通过将药物掺入肠溶包衣胶囊以便释放药物到消化蛋白酶活性较低的结肠中来获得口服给药。实例包括OROS-CT/OsmetTM和PULSINCAPTM系统(分别购于ALZL和Schere Drug Delivery Systems)。其它系统使用偶氮-交联聚合物,该物质经直肠特异细菌的偶氮还原酶降解或使用通过在结肠处pH升高活化pH敏感的聚丙烯酸酯。使用上述系统产生宽范围的吸收增强。
通过将药物掺入栓剂中可以获取直肠给药。
通过加入本领域技术人员熟知的各种治疗学上惰性的,无机或有机载体来将本发明化合物制成上述所列的制剂。这些实例包括(但不限于)乳糖、玉米淀粉或其衍生物,滑石粉,植物油、蜡、脂肪、多元醇如聚乙二醇、水、蔗糖、醇、甘油等。也可以加入各种防腐剂、乳化剂、分散剂、矫味剂、润湿剂、抗氧剂、甜味剂、着色剂、稳定剂、盐、缓冲液等,如果需要,协助制剂的稳定性或协助增加活性成分的生物利用度或获得口服剂中可接受的味觉或气味的制剂。
使用药用组合物的用量将取决于接受者和治疗的病症。通过本领域技术人员熟知的处方(protocols)不需过度的实验即可测定所需的用量。另外,根据测定为治疗症状必须抑制的靶向酶的量,可以计算出所需的用量。一般讲,剂量水平为约0.05mg-约150mg/kg(体重)/天(每成人每日约4mg-约12g)可用于治疗上述提及的病症。然而,可理解的是对任何具体的接受者的特定剂量将取于各种因素,包括患者的年龄、体重,一般健康情况、性别和饮食、所使用具体化合物的活性及预期副作用的程度、给药时间和途径、排泄率以及药物组合和被治疗病症的严重程度。
本发明基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂不仅用于治疗上述的生理症状,而且也可使用此种活性以纯化金属蛋白酶,并用于测定基质金属蛋白酶的活性。这样的活性实验可在体外使用天然或合成的酶制剂进行或在体内进行例如使用动物模型,其中非正常破坏酶水平被自发发现(使用遗传变异或突变动物)或通过给予外源性试剂或通过手术破坏关节的稳定以诱导非正常破坏酶产生。
实施例:一般操作
除另有说明外,所有反应均在火焰干燥或玻璃干燥箱中,在氩气正气压下完成。经注射器或套管转移敏感液体和溶液并通过橡胶隔膜导入反应容器中。除另有说明,使用Buchi蒸发器浓缩反应产物溶液。原料:
除了在氩气下,从二苯酮羰游离基(ketyl)蒸馏乙醚和四氢呋喃及在氩气下从氢化钙蒸馏二氯甲烷外,不需进一步纯化可以使用市售级试剂和溶剂。从Aldrich、1001 West Saint Paul Arenue,Milwaukee,WI53233可得到许多特殊的有机或有机金属起始原料和试剂。从EMScience如VWR Scientific配给的常可获得溶剂。层析:
在Whatman预包被玻璃底基(glass-backed)硅胶60A F-254250μm平板上进行分析薄层层析(TLC)。通过下列技术之一进行斑点检视:(a)紫外光照射,(b)暴露于碘蒸汽,(c)将平板浸入10%磷钼酸的乙醇溶液中,随后加热和(d)将平板浸入3%的含0.5%浓硫酸的对-甲氧基苯甲醛的乙醇溶液中,随后加热。
使用230-400目EM Science硅胶进行柱层析。
以1ml min-1,在4.6×250mm Microsorb柱中,于288nm检测进行分析高效液相层析(HPLC),和在24ml min-1,在21.4×250nmMicrosorb柱上,于288nm检测进行半制备HPLC。仪器
用Thomas-Hoover熔点仪测定熔点(mp),并未校正。
使用General Electric GN-OMEGA 300(300MHz)分光计测定质子(1H)核磁共振(NMR)谱(除NOESY实验外)以及使用Genneral ElectricGN-OMEGA 300(75MHz)分光计测定碳13(13C)NMR谱。用nmr分析下列实施例中大多数合成的化合物,其图谱与每个推断的结构相一致。
在Bruker DMX-500(1H=500.15MHz,13C=125.78MHz)NMR光度计,室内(in-house)收集1HNMR NOESY(核极化效应光谱)图谱。使用Bruker XWINNMR软件在Silicon Graphics Indy计算机上进行数据处理。
在Kratos Concept 1-H光度仪上通过液铯二级离子(LCIMS),快速原子轰击(FAB)的修正版得到质谱(MS)数据。通过质谱分析下列实施例中所合成的大多数化合物,其图谱与每个推断的结构相一致。一般说明:
用编号标明多步骤方法,顺序步骤。用字母标明步骤中的变化。表格数据中的点划线标明附着(attachment)点。实验方法实施例1和2
按WO-09615096(实施例197)所述制备[S]-4-[4-(4-氯苯基)苯基]-4-氧代-2-(苯硫甲基)-丁酸(参考化合物A)。在氩气下,用冰浴(0℃)冷却下搅拌该原料(6.52g,15.9mmol)的绝对乙醇溶液,同时分次加入硼氢化钠(4.12g,109mmol)。在冰浴上搅拌反应混合物,然后在室温搅拌过夜。将含有足够的白色固体得到的混合物通过加水(100ml)骤停,然后真空蒸发至约1/3体积。用约100ml乙酸乙酯混合缩合的混合物,然后剧烈混合的同时小心地用1N盐酸骤停,直到水相为强酸性为止(从过量的硼化氢中逸出氢气)。移出水相并用水、然后用盐水洗涤有机相几次,然后用硫酸钠干燥并真空蒸发。将残留物尽可能多地溶解于100ml的二氯甲烷/甲醇混合物(99∶1)中,然后过滤除去白色固体,通过分析HPLC(硅胶柱,1ml/min,99∶1二氯甲烷/甲醇加0.05%乙酸,在254nM检测峰位,该4-S异构体被第二洗脱出)显示得到纯单一异构体[2S,4S]-4-[4-(4-氯苯基)苯基]-4-羟基-2-(苯硫甲基)-丁酸。使用相同溶剂,在80ml/min,在制备(46mm ID)硅胶HPLC柱上层析滤液得到444mg纯净4R异构体,通过真空浓缩最合适流出物成小体积,冷却并经过滤收集结晶。
已发现最先洗脱的主要物质是4-羟基酸的内酯异构体混合物并参考化合物B和C方法中所示进行分离。NMR解析内酯和与实施例1和2产物相关的那些异构体导致羟基酸在碳-4位的立体化学的一致性(参见化合物B和C方法)。
实施例1(2S,4R):MP 122-123℃;HPLC(1ml/min 1%甲醇在二氯甲烷中加0.05%乙酸,Rainin 4.6mm×25cm硅胶柱)tR=10.02分;[α]D+64.4°(C0.55,丙酮);1H NMR(丙酮-d6)δ7.1 2-7.7(m,13H),4.82(dd,J=4.04,8.45Hz,1H),3.2(m,2H),2.98(m,1H),其它丙酮下的峰。
实施例2(2S,4S):MP137-138℃;HPLC(条件同上)tR=13.11分钟;[α]D+28.8°(C0.93,丙酮);1H NMR(丙酮-d6)δ7.15-7.7(m,13H),4.83(dd,J=5.88,8.46Hz,1H),3.25(d,J=6.61Hz,2H),2.79(m,1H),1.95-2.25(m,2H)。参考化合物B和C
分离[2S,4R]-4-[4-(4-氯苯基)苯基]-2-(苯硫甲基)-γ-丁内酯和[2S,4S]-4-[4-(4-氯苯基)苯基]-2-(苯硫基甲基)-γ-丁内酯:
在硅胶柱上使用5%乙酸乙酯的己烷液或0-1%甲醇的二氯甲烷的缓慢梯度洗脱,经制备HPLC,浓缩先流出物,纯化[2S,4S和R]-4-[4-(4-氯苯基)苯基]-4-羟基-2-(苯硫甲基)-丁酸,导致每种γ-丁内酯异构体纯样品的分离(参考化合物B和C)。
通过鉴定连接这些碳原子的质子的相对位置,即成对质子在环平面的相同或相对一侧,可以获取绕围手性环碳原子相对立体化学的测定。NMP图谱,特别是一或二维核极化效应图谱(NOESY)是解决该问题的理想技术,根据质子相对空间距离,采用了不同的核极化效应增强(NOEs)优点。参见Macura,S,和Ernst,R,R.,J.Mol,Biol.,1980,206,397。已证实两个γ-丁内酯异构体在H-1和H-4的异构体之间具有这些质子顺式(2S,4S)比具有这些质子反式(2S,4R)的异构体显示出更大的NOE。在内酯环的其它质子和连接两异构体的CH2之间观察到所有其它NOEs均与该分析一致。
当纯化的结晶羟基酸(实施例1和2)是如固体样相对稳定时,这些化合物的稳定溶液缓慢显示出一种或其它内酯,其为自发内酯化发生的结果。通过4S内酯在δ5.40ppm和4R内酯在5.65ppm的化学位移可以得到证实。转化成2S,4R内酯的羟基酸可以鉴定为2S,4R羟基酸(实施例1)和转化成2S,4S内酸的羟基酸可以鉴定为2S,4R羟基酸(实施例2)。
化合物B(2S,4R):MP 122-123℃;1H NMR(CDCl3,500MHz)δ7.21-7.60(连续m,13H,芳族H),5.65(dd,J=4.59,7.98Hz,1H,H-4),3.55(dd,J=3.74,13.29Hz,1H,SCH),3.04(dd,J=9.97,13.28Hz,1H,SCH),2.94-2.98(m,1H,H-2),2.64-2.70(m,1H,H-3A),2.46-2.51(m,1H,H-3B)。
化合物C(2S,4S):MP142-143℃;1H NMR(CDCl3,500MHz)δ7.21-7.60(连续m,13H,芳族H),5.40(dd,J=5.79,10.58Hz,1H,H-4),3.65(dd,J=3.50,13.40Hz,1H,SCH),2.96(dd,J=9.90,13.37Hz,1H,SCH),3.02-3.07(m,1H,H-2),2.87-2.92(m,1H,H-3A),2.07(dd,J=12.26,23.08Hz,1H,H-3B)。实施例3和4
制备[2S,4R]-4-[4-(4-氯苯基)苯基]-4R-羟基-2-(3-苯丙基)丁酸和[2S,4S]-4-[4-(4-氯苯基)-苯基]-4-羟基-2-(苯丙基)丁酸:
按WO-09615096(实施例116)所述制备[S]-4-[4-(4-氯苯基)苯基]-4-氧代-2-(苯丙基)丁酸(参考化合物D)。用冰浴(0℃)冷却,在氩气下搅拌该原料(1.00g,2.46mmol)的绝对乙醇(30ml)溶液,同时分次加入硼氢化钠(0.743g,19.6mmol)。在冰浴下搅拌反应混合物,然后在室温搅拌几天。通过加入水(150ml)和乙酸乙酯骤冷含有足够白色固体所得到的混合物,在剧烈搅拌产生的混合物的同时滴加浓硫酸,使水相成强酸性。移出水相并用水洗涤有机相数次,硫酸钠干燥并真空下蒸发。在制备HPLC柱(用13-23μm角硅胶填装的Prochrom)使用1%甲醇的二氯甲烷液洗脱,层析白色残留物,得到292mg的纯的第一个洗脱的异构体和267mg纯的第二个洗脱出的异构体。
使用Dean Stark trap,用微量甲苯磺酸在苯中回流除水进行分离处理,从4-羟基羧酸异构体形成γ-内酯。然后使用内酯的核极化光谱(NOESY)实验确定这些内酯异构体具有4S和4R的立体化学特性而由此得知羟基羧酸具有的各自立体化学特性转化成内酯时并未导致立体化学特性的改变。
实施例3(或4)(第一洗脱物):MP103-104℃;HPLC(2ml/min1%甲醇的二氯甲烷液,Rainin 4.6mm×15cm硅胶柱)tR=6.55分钟;1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ12.10(s,1H),7.65(d,J=8.46Hz,2H),7.59(d,J=8.46Hz,2H),7.48(d,J=8.46Hz,2H),7.34(d,J=8.09Hz,2H),7.24(t,J=7.36Hz,2H),7.11-7.15(m,3H),5.28(d,J=4.78Hz,1H,OH),4.46-4.52(m,1H),2.46-2.61(m,3H,部分在DMSO下),1.76-1.89(m,1H),1.36-1.65(m,5H)。
实施例4(或3)(第二洗脱物):MP155-157℃;HPLC(条件同上)tR=9.75分钟;1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ12.04(s,1H),7.66(d,J=8.82Hz,2H),7.60(d,J=8.46Hz,2H),7.48(d,J=8.46Hz,2H),7.36(d,J=8.09Hz,2H),7.22(t,J=6.99Hz,2H),7.10-7.15(m,3H),5.28(bs,1H,OH),4.49(bm,1H),2.3-2.7(m,2H在DMSO下),2.21-2.28(m,1H),1.88-1.97(m,1H),1.4-1.65(m,5H)。参考化合物F和G
分离[2S]-4-[4-(4-氯苯基)苯基]-4-氧代-2-[(4-羟基苯基)硫甲基]丁酸和[2R]-4-[4-(4-氯苯基)苯基]-4-氧代-2-[(4-羟基苯基)硫甲基]丁酸:
按WO-09615096(实施例204)所述制备外消旋的4-[4-(4-氯苯基)苯基]-4-氧代-2-[(4-羟基苯基)硫甲基]丁酸(5.6g)。根据一般方法:D.Arlt,B.Boemer,R,Grosser和W.Lange,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed Engl.30(1991)12期,1662-1664页在专用手性固定相上层析该原料,使外消旋体分离成对映体。第一个洗脱出的异构体是有右旋的2S异构体(1.60g)和第二个洗脱出的异构体是有左旋的2R异构体(1.43g)。
化合物F(2S):MP130-132℃;HPLC(1ml/min,1%乙醇的己烷液,专用4.6mm×25cm手性柱)tR=7.72分钟,99.6%纯度;[α]D+102.6°(C0.88,丙酮);1H NMR(CD3OD)δ7.97(d,J=8.46Hz,2H),7.69(d,J=8.46Hz,2H),7.64(d,J=8.45Hz,2H),7.44(d,J=8.82Hz,2H),7.28(d,J=8.46Hz,2H),6.70(d,J=8.82Hz,2H),4.86(6s,2H),2.98-3.54(连续m,5H)。
化合物G(2R):HPLC(1ml/min,1%乙醇的己烷液,专用4.6mm×25cm手性柱)tR=10.80分钟,99.8%纯度;[α]D-103.8°(c1.0丙酮);1HNMR(CD3OD)与化合物C相同。实施例5和6
使用实施例1和2的通用方法可以制备这些化合物,但使用上述参考化合物F而不用[S]-4-[4-(4-氯苯基)苯基]-4-氧代-2-(苯硫甲基)丁酸。实施例7-16:
名称和结构如下所示。使用实施例5和6的通用方法制备实施例9-20的化合物,但用根据WO-09615096方法制备的适当的4-氧代化合物,而不用[S]-4-[4-(4-氯苯基)苯基]-4-氧代-2-(苯二甲酰亚氨乙基)丁酸。实施例7-8
制备[2S,4R]-4-[4-(4-氯苯基)苯基]-4-羟基-2-[2-(3-N,N-二乙基氨基甲酰基)苯乙基]丁酸和[2S,4S]-4-[4-(4-氯苯基)-苯基]-4-羟基-2-[2-(3-N,N-二乙基氨基甲酰基)-苯乙基]-丁酸:实施例9-10
制备[2S,4R]-4-[4-(4-苄氧苯基)苯基]-4-羟基-2-(3-苯丙基)丁酸和[2S,4S]-4-[4-(4-苄氧苯基)苯基]-4-羟基-2-(3-苯基丙基)丁酸:实施例13-14
制备(1S,2R,5S)-反式-5-[(4-(4-氯苯基)-苯基)-S-羟甲基]-反式-2-苯硫环戊烷羧酸和(1S,2R,5S)-反式-5-[(4-(4-氯苯基)-苯基)-R-羟甲基]-反式-2-苯硫环戊烷羧酸:实施例15-16
制备(1S,2S,5S)-反式-5-[(4-(4-氯苯基)-苯基)-S-羟甲基]-顺式-2-(2-甲氧基羰基苯硫基)-环戊烷羧酸和(1S,2S,5S)-反式-5-[(4-(4-氯苯基)-苯基)-R-羟甲基]-顺式-2-(2-甲氧基羰基苯硫基)环戊烷羧酸:生物学方案和体外试验数据P218骤冷荧光分析MMP抑制作用:
P218骤冷荧光分析(Microfluorometric Profiling Assay)是由C.G.Knight等[FEBS Letters,296,263-266(1992)]初次介绍的修改方法,涉及底物和小杯中各种基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)。用本发明每个代表性化合物和三种MMPs、MMP-3、MMP-9和MMP-2以平行分析方法,采用96孔微滴定平板和Hamilton AT工作台进行分析。P218荧光底物
P218是在N-端位置含有4-乙酰基-7-甲氧基香豆素(MCA)基团和内在有3-(2,4-二硝基苯基)-(L)-2,3-二氨基丙酰基(DPA)基团的合成底物。这是由Knight(1992)报导的肽的修饰,被用于基质金属蛋白酶的底物。一旦分解P218肽(putative clip site at the Ala-Leu bond),在荧光计上(在328nm激发,在393nm发射)可测定MCA基团的荧光。目前正由BACHEM Bioscience,Inc,仅仅为Bayer Corp.生产P218。P218具有结构:H-MCA-Pro-Lys-Pro-Leu-Ala-Leu-DPA-Ala-Arg-NH2(MW 1332.2)重组人CHO溶基质素(MMP-3):
重组人CHO Pro-MMP-3:按T.J.Housley等[J.Biol.Chem.,268,4481-4487(1993)]所述方法,表达与纯化人CHO pro-溶基质素-257(pro-MMP-3)。
Pro-MMP-3的活化:将1.72μM(100μg/ml)的Pro-MMP-3置于MMP-3活化缓冲液中(含有pH7.5的5mM Tris、5mM CaCl2、25mMNaCl和0.005%Brij-35),用TPCK(N-对甲苯磺酰基-(L)-苯丙氨酸氯甲基酮)胰蛋白酶(1∶100w/w对Pro-MMP-3),在25℃孵化30分钟进行活化。通过加入大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂(SBTI;5∶1w/w对胰蛋白酶浓度)来停止反应。该活化方案导致形成45KDa活化MMP-3,它仍含有C端酶部分。制备人重组Pro-明胶酶A(MMP-2):
人重组Pro-MMP-2:根据R.Fridman等人的方法[J.Bial.Chem.267 15398-405(1992)],使用牛痘表达系统,制备人Pro-明胶酶A(Pro-MMP-2)。
Pro-MMP-2活化:将252mg/ml Pro-MMP-2以1∶5稀释至最终浓度为50mg/ml的MMP-2活化缓冲液,该缓冲液含有pH7.5的25mMTris、5mM CaCl2,150mM NaCl和0.005%Brij-35。制备10mM(3.5mg/ml)的对-氨基苯基醋酸汞(APMA)为0.05N NaOH。以1/20的反应体积加入所述的APMA,使最终APMA浓度为0.5mM,在37℃孵化该酶30分钟。对2L的MMP-2活化缓冲液透析已活化的MMP-2(15ml)二次(用含有0.1%BSA的MMP-2活化缓冲液预处理透析1分钟,随后充分水洗)。在Centricon浓缩器上浓缩酶(也用含有0.1%BSA的MMP-2活化缓冲液预处理透析1分钟,随后用H2O水涤,然后用MMP-2活化缓冲液洗涤),再稀释,再浓缩,重复两次。用MMP-2活化缓冲液稀释酶至7.5ml(原体积的0.5倍)。制备人重组Pro-明胶酶B(MMP-9):
人重组Pro-MMP-9:按S.M.Wihelm等人所述[J.Biol.Chem.26417213-17221(1989)],衍生于U937cDNA的人重组Pro-明胶酶B(Pro-MMP-)是使用杆状病毒蛋白表达系统作为全长形式表达的。使用上述方法[M.S.Hibbs et al.,J.Biol.Chem.,260 2493-500(1984)]纯化Pro-酶。
Pro-MMP-9的活化:将Pro-MMP-9(20μg/ml)于MMP-9活化缓冲液中(该缓冲液含有pH7.4 50mM Tris,150mM NaCl,10mM CaCl2和0.005%Brij-35),用0.5mM对-氨基苯基醋酸汞(APMA)在37℃孵化3.5h进行活化。以相同的缓冲液透析酶以除去APMA。测试设备:
Hamilton Microlab AT Plus: 使用Hamilton Microlab AT Plus自动地进行MMP-分布(profiling)分析。Hamilton操作程序是:(1)使用2.5mM抑制剂的100%DMSO的原溶液自动地进行系列稀释至11份有效抑制剂;(2)将底物,随后为抑制剂分配于96-孔Cytofluor平板中;和(3)加入单一酶至平板中,并混和,使之开始反应。随后在底物加入点开始程序,重新混合稀释的抑制剂并通过加入酶开始反应来自动制备每一加成酶的平板。以这种方法,使用相同抑制剂的稀释进行所有MMP分析。
Millipore Cytofluor II:孵育后,在Cytoflor II荧光测定平板读出仪上用340nM激发和在395发射,得到86的设定,阅读平板。缓冲液:
微量荧光测定反应缓冲液(MRB):在含有pH6.5的50mM 2-(N-吗啉代)乙磺酸(MES)与10mM CaCl2、150mM NaCl、0.005%Brij-35和1%DMSO的微荧光测定反应缓冲液(MRB)中为微荧光分析制备试验化合物稀释液、酶和P218底物。方法:
MMP微荧光测定扫描分析。用6μM的最终P218浓度,约0.5-0.8nM活化的MMP(每96孔平板一种酶),和各种变量抑制剂浓度进行分析。在分析中用Hamilton Microlab AT Plus进行系列稀释多至11个化合物,从2.5mM原液(100%DMSO)至10倍的最终化合物浓度。开始,仪器将各种用量的微荧光测定反应缓冲液(MRB)传送至96管架的1ml Marsh稀释管中。仪器取20μl抑制剂(2.5mM)并将它与缓冲液在Marsh管架A排管中混合,得到50μM抑制剂浓度。然后将抑制剂系列稀释至10、5、1、0.2、0.05和0.01μM。对分析中“仅有酶”孔而言,样品架位置1仅含有DMSO,使列1,排A至H,无抑制剂。然后用仪器分配107μl的P218至单一96孔Cytofluor微滴定平板上。仪器再混合并从Marsh架的排A至G装入14.5μl稀释化合物至微滴定平板的相应排内。(排H代表“基底排”。向该处加入39.5μl的微荧光测定反应缓冲,以代替药物或酶)。从BSA-处理试剂储存器至每孔加入25μl的适当酶(5.86倍的最终酶浓度)开始反应,而排H,“背景”排除外。(在室温用含有150mM NaCl的1%BSA的50mM pH7.5 Tris预处理酶储存器1小时,随后充分水洗并于室温干燥)。
加入及混合酶后,复盖平板并在37℃孵育25分钟。将P218底物分配微滴定平板,随后再混合并从相同Marsh架将药物分配于微滴定平板来开始Hamilton程序以相同方法测试另外的酶。然后将待测的第二(或第三,等)MMP从试剂架分布于微滴定平板上并且混合,预先进得复盖和孵化来试验第二(或第三,等等)MMP。
微荧光测定分析的IC50测定:从出口“CSV”文件至操纵Excel扩展页复制Cytofluor II产生的数据。同时计算来自几个不同的MMPs数据(每种MMP一个96孔平板)数据。通过将含化合物孔的水解量(25分钟水解产生的荧光单位)与列1中“仅有酶”孔进行对比,对每种药物浓度测定百分抑制作用。减去基底值后,百分抑制率为按下式计算:
((对照值-处理值)/对照值)×100
对抑制剂浓度5,1,0.5,0.1,0.02,0.005和0.0001μM测定百分抑制率。使用百分抑制率对抑制剂浓度对数的线性回归分析得到IC50值
部分本发明化合物分布分析数据
表5
*由于碳原子上羟基的立体化学未测定,非对映体3和4的实施例号可以互换。
从在此公开的本发明说明书或实施,本发明的其它实施例对本领域技术人员而言是明显的。可以将说明书和实施例仅认为是示例性的,本发明的真正范围和精神将在权利要求书中指明。
Claims (16)
A和G两者为CH2;或者
A是化学键和G是CH2;或者
A是CH或N;和
G是CH;和
A通过下式成环键与G连接:
(CH2)0-3(Q)(CH2)0-3;其中
Q是化学键,S,或O;和
C、S和O构成连接原子;
导致环的形成,该环包括A(所述的成环键)和G;条件是
在所述的成环键中n加上连接原子的总数之和是1-4整数;和
在所述环中杂原子数是0或1;R1是
*6-10个碳原子的芳基,条件是假若芳基是苯基,则X是1或2;
*含有4-9个碳原子的杂芳基,并至少有一个N,O或S杂原子;
*芳基取代的链烯基,其中芳基部分含有6-10个碳原子,链烯基
部分含有2-5个碳原子;
*杂芳基取代的链烯基,其中杂芳基部分含有4-9个碳原子和至少
一个N,O或S杂原子,以及链烯基部分含有2-5个碳原子;
*芳基取代的炔基,其中芳基部分含有6-10个碳原子和炔基部分
含有2-5个碳原子;
*杂芳基取代的炔基,其中杂芳基部分含有4-9个碳原子和至少有
一个N,O或S杂原子和炔基部分含有2-5个碳原子;
*N-苯二甲酰亚氨基(phthalimidoyl);
*N-(1,2-萘二羰酰亚氨基(naphthalenedicarboximidoyl));
*N-(2,3-萘二羰酰亚氨基);
*N-(1,8-萘二羰酰亚氨基);
*N-吲哚基(indoloyl);
*N-(2-Pyrrolodinonyl);
*N-琥珀酰亚胺基(succinimidoyl);
*N-马来酰亚胺基(maleimidoyl);
*3-乙内酰脲基;
*1,2,4-尿唑基;
*酰氨基;
*尿烷;
*脲
*非芳族取代或未取代的杂环,含有N原子并通过N原子连接,
以及含有一个另外的O或S;
*氨基;和
*ZR8,其中
Z代表
R8是:
*6-10个碳原子的芳基;
*杂芳基,含有4-9个碳原子和至少一个N,O或S杂原子;
*芳基烷基,其中芳基部分含有6-12个碳原子和烷基部分含有1-
4个碳原子;或
*杂芳基-烷基,其中芳基部分含有4-9个碳原子和至少有一个N,
O或S杂原子以及烷基部分含有1-4个碳原子;
和条件是
当Z是O,R8也可以是末端具有H、烷基或苯基的亚烷氧基或
聚亚烷氧基。
任何T或R1基团的芳基或杂芳基部分任选含有多至两个取代基,所述取代基选自-(CH2)yC(R11)(R12)OH,-(CH2)yOR11,-(CH2)ySR11,-(CH2)yS(O)R11,-(CH2)yS(O)2R11,-(CH2)ySO2N(R11)2,-(CH2)yN(R11)2,-(CH2)yN(R11)COR12,-OC(R11)2O-,其中两个氧原子连接芳环,-(CH2)yCOR12,-(CH2)yCON(R11)2,-(CH2)yCO2R11,-(CH2)yOCOR11,卤素,-CHO,-CF3、-NO2、-CN和-R12,其中Y是0-4;R11代表H或1-4个碳原子的低级烷基;和R12代表1-4个碳原子的低级烷基。
所述的化合物是非对映体的混合物或单一的非对映体,它比非对映体组成的所述的非对映体混合物具有更大的MMP抑制活性。
5.权利要求2的化合物,具有名称为:4-[4-(4-氯苯基)苯基]-4-羟基-2-(苯硫甲基)丁酸;[2S,4R]-4-[4-(4-氯苯基)苯基]-4-羟基-2-(苯硫甲基)-丁酸;4-[4-(4-氯苯基)苯基]-4-羟基-2-[(4-羟苯基)-硫甲基]-丁酸;4-[4-(4-氯苯基)苯基]-4-羟基-2-(3-苯丙基)丁酸;4-[4-(4-氯苯基)苯基]-4-羟基-2-[2-(3-N,N-二乙基氨基甲酰基)-苯乙基]丁酸;4-[4-(4-戊氧苯基)苯基]-4-羟基-2-(3-苯丙基)丁酸;4-[4-(4-苄氧苯基)苯基]-4-羟基-2-(3-苯丙基)丁酸;4-[4-(4-氯苯基)苯基]-4-羟基-2-(2-苯二甲酰亚氨基乙基)丁酸;
6.权利要求1的化合物,其中
n是0或1;和
A是CH或N;和
G是CH;和
A通过下式成环键与G连接:
(CH2)0-3(Q)(CH2)0-3;其中
Q是化学键、S或O;和
C、S和O组成连接原子;
导致包括A,所述的成环键和G的环的形成。
所述的化合物具有下式
条件是
在所述的成环键中n加连接原子的总数之和是1-4的整数;和
在所述环中杂原子数是0或1;
T、x、m和R1均如权利要求1所定义。
7.权利要求6的化合物,其中
n是0;
A是CH;
α是化学键;和
所述成环键是-(CH2)2-;和
所述化合物具有下式
9.权利要求6的化合物;具有名称为:反式-5-[(4-(4-氯苯基)苯基)羟甲基]-反式-2-苯二甲酰亚氨基环戊烷羧酸;反式-5-[(4-(4-氯苯基)苯基)羟甲基]-顺式-2-(2-甲氧基羰基苯硫基)环戊烷羧酸;和反式-5-[(4-(4-氯苯基)苯基)羟甲基]-反式-2-苯二甲酰亚氨基甲基环戊烷羧酸。
10.包含权利要求1的化合物和药学上可接受的载体的药用组合物。
11.包含权利要求2的化合物和药学上可接受的载体的药用组合物。
12.包含权利要求6的化合物和药学上可接受的载体的药用组合物。
13.治疗哺乳动物由基质金属蛋白酶介导的疾病的方法,包括对所述的哺乳动物给予可以有效的治疗所述疾病的用量的权利要求1的化合物。
14.权利要求13的方法,其中所述的哺乳动物是人。
15.权利要求13的方法,其中所述的疗效是:缓解骨关节炎,类风湿性关节炎、脓毒性关节炎、牙周病、角膜溃疡、蛋白脲、主动脉瘤病、营养不良性大泡性表皮松解、引起炎症反应的疾病、由MMP活性介导的骨质减少,tempero下颔骨关节病或中抠系统脱髓鞘病;阻滞肿瘤转移或创伤性关节损伤后的退行性软骨丢失;减少由动脉粥样硬化蚀斑破裂引起冠状血栓形成或改善分娩控制(birth control);和所述的权利要求1的化合物用量是可以有效抑制所述哺乳动物中的至少一种基质金属蛋白酶的活性,从而获得所述的疗效。
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WO2000040539A1 (en) | 1998-12-30 | 2000-07-13 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Use of substituted 4-biarylbutyric and 5-biarylpentanoic acid derivatives as matrix metalloprotease inhibitors for the treatment of respiratory diseases |
EP1031349A1 (en) * | 1999-02-25 | 2000-08-30 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Use of substituted 4-biarylbutyric and 5-biarylpentanoic acid derivatives for the treatment of cerebral diseases |
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US8460243B2 (en) | 2003-06-10 | 2013-06-11 | Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. | Glucose measuring module and insulin pump combination |
US7722536B2 (en) | 2003-07-15 | 2010-05-25 | Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. | Glucose measuring device integrated into a holster for a personal area network device |
CA3090413C (en) | 2004-06-04 | 2023-10-10 | Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. | Glucose monitoring and graphical representations in a data management system |
JP4994247B2 (ja) * | 2005-02-22 | 2012-08-08 | ランバクシー ラボラトリーズ リミテッド | 喘息及びそのほかの疾病の治療用のマトリクスメタロプロテイナーゼ阻害剤としての5−フェニルペンタン酸誘導体 |
US7319152B2 (en) | 2005-09-19 | 2008-01-15 | Wyeth | 5-Aryl-indan-1-one and analogs useful as progesterone receptor modulators |
US7414142B2 (en) | 2005-09-19 | 2008-08-19 | Wyeth | 5-aryl-indan-1-one oximes and analogs useful as progesterone receptor modulators |
US20090118519A1 (en) * | 2006-04-17 | 2009-05-07 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Production Method of Polycyclic Lactams |
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US10136845B2 (en) | 2011-02-28 | 2018-11-27 | Abbott Diabetes Care Inc. | Devices, systems, and methods associated with analyte monitoring devices and devices incorporating the same |
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